46 Chapter 1 Algebraic techniques 2 and indices

4 a Calculate the value of:

i 22 ii 23 iii 25 iv 26
b Is 22 × 23 equal to 25 or 26?

5 a Calculate the value of:

i 56 ii 52 iii 53 iv 54
b Is 5 ÷ 5 equal to 5 or 5 ?
6 2 3 4

6 a Write 83 in expanded form.

b Write 84 in expanded form.
c Write the result of multiplying 83 × 84 in expanded form.
d Which of the following is the same as 83 × 84?
A 812 B 85 C 87 D 81

Example 17a 7 Simplify the following, giving your answers in index form.
a 43 × 45
b 310 × 32
c 210 × 25 × 23
d 72 × 7 × 73

Example 17b,c 8 Simplify the following using the index law for multiplication.
a 23 × 24 b 52 × 54
c 710 × 73 d 37 × 32
e 3 ×3 ×3
2 4 3
f 72 × 74 × 73
g 22 × 23 × 24 h 210 × 212 × 214
i 10 × 10 3
j 62 × 6
k 54 × 53 × 5 l 22 × 2 × 2

Example 18 9 Simplify the following using the index law for division.
35 1210 510 210
a b c d
32
12 4
53 2
75
3 10
23 × 510 24 × 53
e f g h
73
35
22 × 54 22

PROBLEM-SOLVING AND REASONING 10–12 10, 12, 13 11–14

10 Tamir enters 210000 ÷ 29997 into his calculator and gets the error message ‘Number Overflow’
because 210000 is too large.
a According to the second index law, what does 210000 ÷ 29997 equal? Give your final answer as
a number.
b Find the value of (52000 × 52004) ÷ 54000.
3700 × 3300
c What is the value of ?
31000
11 A student tries to simplify 32 × 34 and gets the result 96.
a Use a calculator to verify this is incorrect.
b Write out 32 × 34 in expanded form, and explain why it is not the same as 96.
c Explain the mistake the student has made in attempting to apply the first index law.

Cambridge Maths NSW ISBN 978-1-108-46627-1 © Palmer et al. 2018 Cambridge University Press
Stage 4 Year 8 Second edition Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.
 1J Index laws for multiplication and division 47

12 Recall that (−3) 2 means −3 × (−3) , so (−3) 2 = 9.

a Evaluate:
i (−2) 2
ii (−2) 3
iii (−2) 4
iv (−2) 5
b Complete the following generalisations.
i A negative number to an even power is ____________.
ii A negative number to an odd power is ____________.
c Given that 210 = 1024, find the value of (−2) 10.

53
13 a Use the index law for division to write in index form.
53
53
b Given that 53 = 125, what is the numerical value of 3 ?
5
c According to this, what is the value of 50? Check whether this is also the result your calculator
gives.
d What is the value of 120? Check with a calculator.

3a
14 a If = 9, what does this tell you about the value of a and b?
3b
2a 5a
b Given that b = 8, find the value of b .
2 5

ENRICHMENT – – 15–17

Simplifying expressions with non-numerical bases

15 Index laws can be applied to algebraic bases; i.e. x7 × x4 = x11 and x9 ÷ x3 = x6.
Apply the index laws to each of the following to simplify each one.
a m3 × m2 b x8 × x2
c x ÷x
12 2
d x12 ÷ x6
e a12 × a7 f m3 × m
g m×m ×m 4 2
h a10 ÷ a7
i w7 × w4 × w j x15 ÷ x9

16 Simplify the following.

53x4y7 × 510xy3 a2a4a6a8a10
a b
52xy × 5x3y7 × 57 a1a3a5a7a9
ab2c3d4e5 d 1q × 2q2 × 3q3 × 4q4 × 5q5
c
bc2d3e4
17 Simplify the following expressions involving algebraic fractions.
53 24 7a3b2 49a2b
a 2 5× 2 b ÷ 3 20
2x 5x 2c5 2c
1 12x2y5 7x4y
c 10x3y5 ÷ d × 6
−10x4y3 21x3 3y

Cambridge Maths NSW ISBN 978-1-108-46627-1 © Palmer et al. 2018 Cambridge University Press
Stage 4 Year 8 Second edition Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party.