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Differential Equations Assignment 03 Solutions

The document provides solutions to a differential equations assignment, detailing methods such as elimination and substitution for solving systems of equations. It includes specific examples with step-by-step calculations for finding particular and complementary solutions, as well as applying initial conditions. The document covers three questions, each addressing different types of differential equations and their solutions.

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Ali hassan
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29 views6 pages

Differential Equations Assignment 03 Solutions

The document provides solutions to a differential equations assignment, detailing methods such as elimination and substitution for solving systems of equations. It includes specific examples with step-by-step calculations for finding particular and complementary solutions, as well as applying initial conditions. The document covers three questions, each addressing different types of differential equations and their solutions.

Uploaded by

Ali hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solutions to Assignment No.

03 - Differential Equations

Question 1: Using Elimination Method

We are given the system:

1) 2Dx - 5x + Dy = e^(-t)

2) Dx - x + Dy = 5e^t

Let D = d/dt.

From equation (2):

Dx - x + Dy = 5e^t

=> Dx + Dy = x + 5e^t ...(i)

From equation (1):

2Dx - 5x + Dy = e^(-t)

=> 2Dx + Dy = 5x + e^(-t) ...(ii)

Now subtract (i) from (ii):

(2Dx + Dy) - (Dx + Dy) = 5x + e^(-t) - (x + 5e^t)

=> Dx = 4x + e^(-t) - 5e^t

Now solve: Dx = 4x + e^(-t) - 5e^t

=> dx/dt - 4x = e^(-t) - 5e^t

Integrating factor: IF = e^(-4t)

Multiply both sides:

e^(-4t) dx/dt - 4e^(-4t)x = e^(-5t) - 5e^(-3t)


Solutions to Assignment No. 03 - Differential Equations

=> d/dt (x * e^(-4t)) = e^(-5t) - 5e^(-3t)

Integrate both sides:

x * e^(-4t) = Integral(e^(-5t) - 5e^(-3t)) dt

= (-1/5)e^(-5t) + (5/3)e^(-3t) + C

=> x(t) = e^(4t)[(-1/5)e^(-5t) + (5/3)e^(-3t) + C]

Now use equation (i): Dx + Dy = x + 5e^t to find y.


Solutions to Assignment No. 03 - Differential Equations

Question 2: Using Elimination and Substitution

Given:

1) D^2x - 2(D^2 + D)y = sin(t)

2) x + Dy = cos(t)

From (2): x = cos(t) - Dy

Differentiate x:

Dx = -sin(t) - D^2y

D^2x = -cos(t) - D^3y

Now substitute into (1):

- cos(t) - D^3y - 2(D^2 + D)y = sin(t)

=> -cos(t) - D^3y - 2D^2y - 2Dy = sin(t)

=> D^3y + 2D^2y + 2Dy = -sin(t) - cos(t)

Solve the 3rd order linear DE:

D^3y + 2D^2y + 2Dy = -sin(t) - cos(t)

This is a nonhomogeneous linear ODE with constant coefficients.

Find complementary function (CF):

Auxiliary equation: r^3 + 2r^2 + 2r = 0 => r(r^2 + 2r + 2) = 0

Roots: r = 0, r = -1 ± i
Solutions to Assignment No. 03 - Differential Equations

So CF: y_c = C1 + e^(-t)(C2 cos(t) + C3 sin(t))

Particular solution y_p = At cos(t) + Bt sin(t)

Substitute and solve to find A, B.

Then x = cos(t) - Dy
Solutions to Assignment No. 03 - Differential Equations

Question 3: Initial Value Problem

Given system:

dx/dt = y - 1

dy/dt = -3x + 2y

with initial conditions x(0) = 2, y(0) = -1

Use substitution:

Differentiate dx/dt: d^2x/dt^2 = dy/dt = -3x + 2y

From dx/dt = y - 1 => y = dx/dt + 1

Then:

d^2x/dt^2 = -3x + 2(dx/dt + 1)

=> d^2x/dt^2 - 2 dx/dt + 3x = 2

Solve this linear ODE:

Auxiliary equation: r^2 - 2r + 3 = 0 => r = 1 +/- isqrt2

General solution: x(t) = e^t[A cos(sqrt2 t) + B sin(sqrt2 t)] + particular solution

Particular solution x_p = constant (guess)

Try x_p = C, substitute into LHS:

0 - 0 + 3C = 2 => C = 2/3

So final x(t) = e^t[A cos(sqrt2 t) + B sin(sqrt2 t)] + 2/3

Then y = dx/dt + 1
Solutions to Assignment No. 03 - Differential Equations

Apply initial conditions x(0) = 2, y(0) = -1 to find A, B.

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