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Django Interview Part 4

The document outlines key concepts in Django ORM, including the differences between .get() and .filter(), the use of annotations and aggregations, and the roles of Q and F objects. It also explains the differences between .save() and .update() methods, the importance of CSRF tokens for security, and the utility of the sqlmigrate command for generating SQL statements for migrations. These topics are essential for effectively working with Django's database interactions and ensuring application security.

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5 views9 pages

Django Interview Part 4

The document outlines key concepts in Django ORM, including the differences between .get() and .filter(), the use of annotations and aggregations, and the roles of Q and F objects. It also explains the differences between .save() and .update() methods, the importance of CSRF tokens for security, and the utility of the sqlmigrate command for generating SQL statements for migrations. These topics are essential for effectively working with Django's database interactions and ensuring application security.

Uploaded by

factsvoice2002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Interview Questions

Part 4

A R U N A R U N I S T O
Difference between .get() and .filter() in
django ORM?
The .get() method is used to retrieve a single
object from the database. It takes one or
more arguments, which are used to filter the
results. If there is no matching object, the
.get() method will raise a DoesNotExist
exception.

The .filter() method is used to retrieve a


QuerySet of objects from the database. It
takes one or more arguments, which are
used to filter the results. The .filter() method
will return an empty QuerySet if there are no
matching objects.
The .get() and .filter() methods are two of
the most commonly used methods in
Django. They are used to retrieve data from
the database, and they can be used to filter
the results in a variety of ways.
Data type return by .get() and .filter()
method?
The .get() method will return a single object,
while the .filter() method will return a
QuerySet.
A QuerySet is a set of objects that match the
criteria that you specified in the .filter()
method. You can use the QuerySet to iterate
over the results, or you can use it to perform
further filtering or operations.
The .get() method is useful when you need to
retrieve a single object from the database.
For example, you might use the .get()
method to retrieve the user object for the
current user.
Explain annotations and aggregations in
django orm?
Django provides two powerful features for
working with querysets: annotations and
aggregations. Annotations allow you to add
new fields to your querysets, while
aggregations allow you to calculate
summary values for your querysets.
Annotations are a way to add new fields to
your querysets. These fields can be
calculated based on the existing fields in
your queryset, or they can be based on
entirely new data. For example, you could
use an annotation to add a field that
calculates the total price of all the items in a
customer's order.
To create an annotation, you use the
annotate() method. The annotate() method
takes a keyword argument for each field that
you want to add. The value of each keyword
argument is a Python expression that
calculates the value of the new field.
Aggregations are a way to calculate
summary values for your querysets. These
values can be the count, sum, average, or
minimum of the values in a particular field.
For example, you could use an aggregation
to calculate the total number of orders
placed by a customer.
To create an aggregation, you use the
aggregate() method. The aggregate()
method takes a keyword argument for each
summary value that you want to calculate.
The value of each keyword argument is a
Python expression that calculates the
summary value.
Explain Q and F in django ORM?

Q and F are two important concepts in the


Django ORM. Q objects allow you to create
complex queries by combining multiple
conditions. F objects allow you to refer to
model field values in your queries.

Q and F objects can be used together to


create even more complex queries.

Q and F objects are powerful tools that can


help you to write complex and efficient
Django queries.
Explain the difference between .save() and
.update() in django orm?
The main difference between .save() and
.update() in Django ORM is that .save()
updates all fields in a model instance, while
.update() only updates the fields that are
specified.
In general, you should use .save() when you
need to update all fields in a model instance,
or when you need to create a new record.
You should use .update() when you need to
update only specific fields in a model
instance, or when you need to update
multiple records.

(note: update cannot be used to create a


new record, like save can)
What is the use of CSRF token in django?
A CSRF token (Cross-Site Request Forgery
token) is a security feature that helps
protect web applications from CSRF attacks.
A CSRF attack is a type of attack where an
attacker tricks an authenticated user into
submitting a malicious request to a web
application.
In Django, CSRF tokens are generated by the
CsrfViewMiddleware middleware and are
included in all outgoing requests. When a
request is received by the server, the CSRF
token is checked to ensure that it is valid. If
the token is not valid, the request is
rejected.
CSRF tokens are an important security
feature that can help protect your web
application from CSRF attacks. It is
important to use CSRF tokens in all forms
that submit data to your server.
What is the use of ‘sqlmigrate’ in django?
Django's sqlmigrate command is used to
generate the SQL statements that will be
executed to apply a migration. This can be
useful for debugging migrations or for
understanding how a migration will affect
the database.
The sqlmigrate command can be a helpful
tool for understanding and debugging
migrations. It can also be used to generate
the SQL statements that you need to
manually apply a migration to a database.

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