QUESTION 5.

5 (a) (i) Complete the Boolean function that corresponds to the following truth table.

INPUT OUTPUT

A B C X

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 1 0 0

0 1 1 1

1 0 0 0

1 0 1 0

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 1

X = A . B . C + ................................................................................................................[3]

The part to the right of the equals sign is known as the sum-of-products.

(ii) For the truth table above complete the Karnaugh Map (K-map).

AB

00 01 11 10

0
C
1
[1]

The K-map can be used to simplify the function in part(a)(i).

(iii) Draw loop(s) around appropriate groups of 1’s to produce an optimal sum-of-products.
[2]

(iv) Using your answer to part (a)(iii), write the simplified sum-of-products Boolean function.

X = .................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2015 9608/31/O/N/15 [Turn over

 10

(b) The truth table for a logic circuit with four inputs is given below:

INPUT OUTPUT
A B C D X
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1

(i) Complete the K-map corresponding to the truth table above.

AB

CD

[4]

(ii) Draw loop(s) around appropriate groups of 1’s to produce an optimal sum-of-products.
[2]

(iii) Using your answer to part (b)(ii), write the simplified sum-of-products Boolean function.

X = .................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2015 9608/31/O/N/15

QUESTION 6. 9

5 (a) (i) Complete the Boolean function that corresponds to the following truth table.

INPUT OUTPUT

P Q R Z

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 1 0 0

0 1 1 0

1 0 0 1

1 0 1 1

1 1 0 0

1 1 1 1

Z = P . Q . R + ................................................................................................................[3]

The part to the right of the equals sign is known as the sum-of-products.

(ii) For the truth table above complete the Karnaugh Map (K-map).

PQ

00 01 11 10

0
R
1
[1]

The K-map can be used to simplify the function in part(a)(i).

(iii) Draw loop(s) around appropriate groups of 1’s to produce an optimal sum-of-products.
[2]

(iv) Using your answer to part (a)(iii), write the simplified sum-of-products Boolean function.

Z = .................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2015 9608/32/O/N/15 [Turn over

 10

(b) The truth table for a logic circuit with four inputs is given below:

INPUT OUTPUT
P Q R S Z
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1

(i) Complete the K-map corresponding to the truth table above.

PQ

RS

[4]

(ii) Draw loop(s) around appropriate groups of 1’s to produce an optimal sum-of-products.
[2]

(iii) Using your answer to part (b)(ii), write the simplified sum-of-products Boolean function.

Z = .................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2015 9608/32/O/N/15

QUESTION 7. 8

3 Consider the following logic circuit, which contains a redundant logic gate.

A
X

(a) Write the Boolean algebraic expression corresponding to this logic circuit.

X = ........................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) Complete the truth table for this logic circuit.

A B C Working space X

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1
[2]

(c) (i) Complete the Karnaugh Map (K-map) for the truth table in part (b).
AB
00 01 11 10
0
C
1
[1]
The K-map can be used to simplify the expression in part (a).

(ii) Draw loop(s) around appropriate groups to produce an optimal sum-of-products. [2]

(iii) Write a simplified sum-of-products expression, using your answer to part (ii).

X = .................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2017 9608/31/M/J/17

 9

(d) One Boolean identity is:

̅
A + A.B =A+B

Simplify the expression for X in part (a) to the expression for X in part (c)(iii). You should use
the given identity.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2017 9608/31/M/J/17 [Turn over

QUESTION 8. 6

(c) Digital certificates are used in internet communications. A Certificate Authority (CA) is
responsible for issuing a digital certificate.

The digital certificate contains a digital signature produced by the CA.

(i) Name three additional data items present in a digital certificate.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Describe how the digital signature is produced by the CA.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(iii) Give the reason for including a digital signature in the digital certificate.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

3 A logic circuit is shown:

S
Q

(a) Write the Boolean algebraic expression corresponding to this logic circuit:

S = ........................................................................................................................................[4]

© UCLES 2017 9608/32/M/J/17

 7

(b) Complete the truth table for this logic circuit:

P Q R Working space S

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1
[2]

(c) (i) Complete the Karnaugh Map (K-map) for the truth table in part (b).
PQ
00 01 11 10
0
R
1
[1]

The K-map can be used to simplify the function in part (a).

(ii) Draw loop(s) around appropriate groups to produce an optimal sum-of-products. [1]

(iii) Write a simplified sum-of-products expression, using your answer to part (ii).

S = .................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) One Boolean identity is:

(A + B) . C = A . C + B . C

Simplify the expression for S in part (a) to the expression for S in part (c)(iii).

You should use the given identity and De Morgan’s Laws.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]
© UCLES 2017 9608/32/M/J/17 [Turn over
QUESTION 9. 8

4 (a) A Boolean expression corresponds to the following truth table.

INPUT OUTPUT
A B C X
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1

(i) Write the Boolean expression for the truth table by applying the sum‑of‑products.

X = .................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Complete the Karnaugh Map (K‑map) for the truth table.

AB

00 01 11 10

0
C
1

[1]

(iii) The K‑map can be used to simplify the expression in part (a)(i).

Draw loop(s) around appropriate groups of 1s in the table in part (a)(ii) to produce an
optimal sum‑of‑products. [3]

(iv) Write the simplified sum‑of‑products expression for your answer to part (a)(iii).

X = .................................................................................................................................[3]

© UCLES 2018 9608/31/O/N/18

 9

(b) A logic circuit with four inputs produces the following truth table.

INPUT OUTPUT
A B C D X
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1

(i) Complete the K‑map that corresponds to the truth table.

AB

CD

[4]

(ii) Draw loop(s) around appropriate groups of 1s in the table in part (b)(i) to produce an
optimal sum‑of‑products. [2]

(iii) Write the simplified sum‑of‑products expression for your answer to part (b)(ii).

X = .................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2018 9608/31/O/N/18 [Turn over

QUESTION 10. 5

3 (a) Consider the following Boolean expression.

A.B.C+A.B.C+A.B.C

Use Boolean algebra to simplify the expression.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

© UCLES 2018 9608/32/O/N/18 [Turn over

 6

(b) (i) Complete the truth table for the following logic circuit.

A B C

Working space
A B C X

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1

[2]

(ii) Complete the Karnaugh Map (K-map) for the truth table in part (b)(i).

AB

00 01 11 10

0
C
1

[1]

(iii) Draw loops around appropriate groups of 1s in the table in part (b)(ii) to produce an
optimal sum-of-products. [2]

(iv) Using your answer to part (b)(iii), write a simplified sum-of-products Boolean expression.

X = .................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2018 9608/32/O/N/18
 7

(c) The truth table for a logic circuit with four inputs is shown.

INPUT OUTPUT
A B C D X
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1

(i) Complete the K-map for the truth table in part (c).

AB

CD

[4]

(ii) Draw loops around appropriate groups of 1s in the table in part (c)(i) to produce an
optimal sum-of-products. [2]

(iii) Using your answer to part (c)(ii), write a simplified sum-of-products Boolean expression.

X = .................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2018 9608/32/O/N/18 [Turn over

QUESTION 11. 5

3 (a) A Boolean algebraic expression produces the following truth table.

INPUT OUTPUT
A B C X
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0

(i) Complete the Karnaugh Map (K-map) for the truth table.

AB

00 01 11 10

0
C
1

[1]

The K-map can be used to simplify the expression that produced the truth table in part (a).

(ii) Draw loops around appropriate groups of 1s in the K-map to produce an optimal sum-of-
products. [2]

(iii) Write the simplified sum-of-products Boolean expression for the truth table.

X = ............................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2019 9608/32/M/J/19 [Turn over

 6

(b) A logic circuit with four inputs produces the following truth table.

INPUT OUTPUT
A B C D X
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 0

(i) Complete the K-map for the truth table.

AB

CD

[4]

(ii) Draw loops around appropriate groups of 1s in the K-map to produce an optimal
sum-of-products. [2]

(iii) Write the simplified sum-of-products Boolean algebraic expression for the truth table.

X = ............................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2019 9608/32/M/J/19

QUESTION 12. 7

4 A Boolean expression produces the following truth table.

INPUT OUTPUT
A B C X
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1

(a) Write the Boolean expression for the truth table as a sum-of-products.

X = ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Complete the Karnaugh Map (K-map) for the truth table above.

AB

00 01 11 10

0
C
1

[1]

The K-map can be used to simplify the expression in part (a).

(c) Draw loops around appropriate groups in the K-map in part (b) to produce an optimal sum-of-
products. [2]

(d) Write, using your answer to part (c), a simplified sum-of-products expression for the truth
table.

X = ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2019 9608/31/O/N/19 [Turn over

QUESTION 13. 3

2 (a) A Boolean expression produces the following truth table.

INPUT OUTPUT
A B C X
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0

(i) Write the Boolean expression for the truth table by applying the sum-of-products.

X = .....................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Complete the Karnaugh Map (K-map) for the truth table in part (a).

AB

00 01 11 10

0
C
1

[1]

The K-map can be used to simplify the function in part (a)(i).

(iii) Draw loop(s) around appropriate groups in the table in part (a)(ii), to produce an optimal
sum-of-products. [2]

(iv) Write, using your answer to part (a)(iii), a simplified Boolean expression for your
Karnaugh map.

X = ............................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2019 9608/32/O/N/19 [Turn over

 4

(b) Simplify the following expression using De Morgan’s laws. Show your working.

(W + X) • (Y + Z)

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

© UCLES 2019 9608/32/O/N/19