Engineering Mathematics – 3

(COMPS/IT/AIML/IOT/DS)
PYQ Solution - 2024 MAY

Funfact : - The word "mathematics"

comes from the Greek
meaning knowledge or learning
“Mathematics is The Music Of
Reason”
- James Joseph Sylvester
 MATHS -3 PAPER SOLUTION MAY 2024
Q1.
1 2
A) If 𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑡+ 𝑡
, 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐿 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑕𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐿 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)

𝑆𝑜𝑙 :
2
1
𝐿 𝑡+
𝑡
1 2
𝐿 𝑡+2+ … 𝑎+𝑏 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏
𝑡

By linearity property :

1
𝐿 𝑡 + 2𝐿 1 + 𝐿
𝑡
1
𝐿𝑡 =
𝑠2
1
𝐿1 =
𝑠
∞
1 1
𝐿 = 𝑑𝑠 = − log(𝑠)
𝑡 𝑠 𝑠
1 2 1 2
∴𝐿 𝑡+ = 2 + − log⁡(𝑠)
𝑡 𝑠 𝑠
Now,

𝐿 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑡) = ɸ(𝑠 − 𝑎)
1 2
∴ 𝐿 𝑒 2𝑡 𝑓(𝑡) = + − log⁡(𝑠 − 2)
(𝑠 − 2)2 (𝑠 − 2)

1
B) Find 𝐿−1
𝑠(𝑠 2 +4)

Sol:
1 1 1
𝐿−1 = 𝐿−1 ×
𝑠(𝑠 + 4) 𝑠 𝑠+4

By conversion theorem,

1 1
∅2 𝑠 = ∅1 𝑠 =
𝑠 𝑠+4
 1
𝐿−1 ∅2 𝑠 = 𝐿−1 = 1 = 𝑓2 (𝑡 − 𝑢)
𝑠
1
𝐿−1 ∅1 𝑠 = 𝐿−1 = 𝑒 −4𝜇 = 𝑓1 (𝑢)
𝑠+4
𝑁𝑜𝑤,
𝑡 𝑡
−1
𝐿 ∅1 𝑠 . ∅2 (𝑠) = 𝑓1 𝑢 . 𝑓2 𝑡 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 1 × 𝑒 −4𝑢 𝑑𝑢
0 0
𝑡
= 𝑒 −4𝑢 𝑑𝑢
0

𝑡
𝑒 −4𝑢
=
−4 0

𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑒 0
= +
−4 4

𝑒 −4𝑡 1
= +
−4 4
1 − 𝑒 −4𝑡
=
4

C) Obtain half- range cosine series for 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 0 < 𝑥 < 2.

Sol:

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 0<𝑥<2

𝑙 =2−0=2

Half Range cosine series:

∞
𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎𝑛 cos
𝑙
𝑛=1

𝑙
1
𝑎0 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 0

2
1
= 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2 0
 2
1 2
𝑥3
= 𝑥 −
2 3 0

1 4 8
= −
2 1 3

1 4
= ×
2 3

2
𝑎0 =
3

𝑙
2 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑥 cos𝑑𝑥
𝑙
0 𝑙
2 2 𝑛𝜋𝑥
= 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 cos 𝑑𝑥
2 0 2
2
𝑛𝜋𝑥
= 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 . cos 𝑑𝑥
0 2

By Leibnitz formula: 𝑢. 𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣1 − 𝑢′ 𝑣2 + 𝑢′′ 𝑣3 … …

𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠
2
𝑛𝜋𝑥
sin
𝑢′ = 2 − 2𝑥 𝑣1 = 𝑛𝜋
2

2
𝑛𝜋𝑥
−cos ⁡
′′ 2
𝑢 = −2 𝑣2 = 𝑛𝜋 2
2
𝑛𝜋𝑥
−sin ⁡
2
𝑣3 =
𝑛𝜋 3
2

2
2𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝜋𝑥 /2 2−2𝑥 cos 𝑛𝜋𝑥 /2 2 sin ⁡𝑛𝜋𝑥 /2
𝑎𝑛 = + +
𝑛𝜋 /2 𝑛𝜋 /2 2 𝑛𝜋 /2 3 0

2 − 4 cos 𝑛𝜋 (2)
𝑎𝑛 = 0+ + 0 − 0 + +0
𝑛𝜋/2 2 𝑛𝜋𝑥/2 2

−2(−1)𝑛 2 −2
𝑎𝑛 = − = (−1)𝑛 + 1
𝑛𝜋/2 2 𝑛𝜋/2 2 𝑛𝜋/2 2

∞ 𝑛
2 −2 −1 +1 𝑛𝜋𝑥
∴ 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = + cos
3 𝑛𝜋 2 2
𝑛=1
2
 D) Find moment generating function of the following distribution. Hence find mean and
variance.

X 1 3 4 5
P (X) 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3

Solution: MGF = 𝑝𝑒 𝑡𝑥

𝑀0 = 𝑀𝐺𝐹 = 0.4𝑒 𝑡 + 0. 𝑙𝑒 3𝑡 + 0.2𝑒 4𝑡 + 0.3𝑒 5𝑡

𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑤𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤,

𝑑
𝜇1 ′ = 𝑀 = 0.4𝑒 𝑡 + 0.3𝑒 3𝑡 + 0.8𝑒 4𝑡 + 1.5𝑒 5𝑡
𝑑𝑡 0 𝑡=0
𝑡=0

𝜇1 ′ = 0.4 + 0.3 + 0.8 + 1.5

𝑋 = 𝜇1 ′ = 3

Similarly :

′
𝑑2
𝜇2 = 𝑀 = 0.4𝑒 𝑡 + 0.9𝑒 3𝑡 + 3.2𝑒 4𝑡 + 7.5𝑒 5𝑡
𝑑𝑡 2 0 𝑡=0
𝑡=0

= 0.4 + 0.9 + 3.2 + 7.5

𝜇2 ′ = 12

Variance = 𝜇2 ′ − (𝜇1 ′ )2
= 12 − (3)2
= 12 − 9
Var= 3

∴ 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 3
𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 3

Q2. A. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves

𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥 sin 𝑦 − 𝑦 cos 𝑦 = 𝑐

Sol.
Let, 𝑢 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥 sin 𝑦 − 𝑦 cos 𝑦
𝑢 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 sin 𝑦 − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑦 cos 𝑦
 𝜕 −𝑥
𝜕𝑒 −𝑥
𝑢𝑥 = sin 𝑦 𝑥𝑒 − 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
−𝑥 −𝑥
𝑢𝑥 = sin 𝑦 −𝑥𝑒 + 𝑒 + 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑒 −𝑥
𝜕 𝜕
𝑢𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 sin 𝑦 − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝑢𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑒 −𝑥 −𝑦 sin 𝑦 + cos 𝑦

We know,
𝑓 ′ 𝑧 = 𝑢𝑥 − 𝑖𝑢𝑦
𝑓 ′ 𝑧 = sin 𝑦 −𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦𝑒 −𝑥
− 𝑖 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑦 sin 𝑦 − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑦 sin 𝑦 − 𝑒 −𝑥 cos 𝑦

By Milne Thomson’s Method:

Put 𝑥 = 𝑧 & 𝑦 = 0
𝑓 ′ 𝑧 = 0 − 𝑖 𝑧𝑒 −𝑧 − 𝑒 −𝑧 = −𝑖 𝑧𝑒 −𝑧 − 𝑒 −𝑧
∴𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

= −𝑖 𝑧𝑒 −𝑧 𝑑𝑧 − 𝑒 −𝑧 𝑑𝑥
𝑓 𝑧 = −𝑖 −𝑧𝑒 −𝑧 − 𝑒 −𝑧 + 𝑒 −𝑧 = 𝑖𝑧𝑒 −𝑧

Now,
𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 = 𝑖 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 𝑒 −(𝑥+𝑦)
= 𝑖 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 𝑒 −𝑥 × 𝑒 −𝑖𝑦
= 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑦 𝑒 −𝑥 cos 𝑦 − 𝑖 sin 𝑦
= 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑖 − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑖 sin 𝑦
= 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥𝑖 − 𝑦)(cos 𝑦 − 𝑖 sin 𝑦)
= 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥 𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑥 sin 𝑦 − 𝑦 cos 𝑦 + 𝑖 𝑦 sin 𝑦
= 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥 sin 𝑦 − 𝑦 cos 𝑦 + 𝑖(𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑦 sin 𝑦)

By comparing
𝑣 = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 cos 𝑦 + 𝑦 sin 𝑦)
Hence required orthogonal Trajectory is
𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥 cos 𝑦 + 𝑦 sin 𝑦 = 𝑐
 cos 𝑡 2
A) Find 𝐿 𝑡
𝑒𝑡

Sol:
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡
𝐿 𝑡 2𝑡
𝑒
𝐿 𝑒 −2𝑡 . 𝑡. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡

Let’s find𝐿 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡

1 + cos 2𝑡
𝐿 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 = 𝐿
2
1
= 𝐿 1 + 𝐿 cos 2𝑡
2
1 1 6
= + 2
2 𝑠 𝑠 +4
𝑁𝑜𝑤,
𝑛 𝑛
𝑑𝑛
𝐿 𝑡 𝑓 𝑡 = (−1) ∅(𝑠)
𝑑𝑠 𝑛
𝑑 1 1 𝑠
𝐿 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 = − + 2
𝑑𝑠 2 𝑠 𝑠 + 4
−1 𝑑 1 𝑑 𝑠
= +
2 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 2 + 4
−1 2 𝑑 𝑑 2
−1 𝑠 2 + 𝑠 + 4 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑠 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 + 4
=
2 𝑠2 + 4 2

−1 −1 𝑠 2 + 4 − 2𝑠 2
= +
2 𝑠2 𝑠2 + 4 2
−1 −1 4 − 2𝑠 2
= + 2
2 𝑠2 𝑠 +4 2

Now,
𝐿 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑡) = ∅ (𝑆 + 𝑎)
1 −1 4 − (𝑠 + 2)2
∴ 𝐿 𝑒 −2𝑡 2
𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 = − +
2 𝑠+2 2 𝑠+2 2+4 2

2 −2 < 𝑥 < 0
B) Find the Fourier series expansion for 𝑓 𝑥 = 0 0<𝑥 <2
𝜋2 1 1 1
Hence deduce that 8 = 12
+ 32 + 52 + ⋯

Sol:
 2 −2 < 𝑥 < 0
𝑓 𝑥 = 0 0<𝑥 <2

∞ ∞
𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎𝑛 cos + 𝑏𝑛 sin
𝑙 𝑙
𝑛=1 𝑛=1

2 − (−2) 4
𝑙= = =2
2 2
Now,
𝑙
1
𝑎0 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝑙 −𝑙

0 2
1
= 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4 −2 0

0
1
= 2𝑑𝑥
4 −2

1 0
= 2 𝑥 −2
4

1
= 2 (0 + 2)
4
𝑎0 = 1

𝑙
1 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑥 cos 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 −𝑙 𝑙

0
1 𝑛𝜋𝑥
= 2 cos 𝑑𝑥
2 −2 𝑙

0
1 𝑛𝜋𝑥
= ×2 2 cos 𝑑𝑥
2 −2 𝑙

0
sin(𝑛𝜋 𝑥/2)
=
𝑛𝜋/2 −2

0 − sin(𝑛𝜋)
= −
𝑛𝜋/2 𝑛𝜋/2
 𝑎𝑛 = 0

𝑙
1 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑏𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑥 sin 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 −𝑙 2

0
1 𝑛𝜋𝑥
= 2 sin sin 𝑑𝑥
2 −2 2

0
− cos(𝑛𝜋𝑥/2)
=
𝑛𝜋/2 −2

− cos 0 − cos 𝑛𝜋
= −
𝑛𝜋/2 𝑛𝜋/2

−2 2 (−1)𝑛
𝑏𝑛 = +
𝑛⌅ 𝑛⌅

2
𝑏𝑛 = (−1)𝑛 − 1
𝑛⌅
∞ ∞
𝑛𝜋𝑥 2 𝑛𝜋𝑥
∴𝑓 𝑥 =1+ 0 . cos + (−1)𝑛 − 1 sin
2 𝑛⌅ 2
𝑛=1 𝑛=1

∞
2 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 =1+ (−1)𝑛 − 1 sin
⌅ 2
𝑛=1

By Parseval identity
𝑙 ∞
1 1
𝑓(𝑥) 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎2 0 + 𝑎𝑛2 + 𝑏𝑛2
2𝑙 −𝑙 2
𝑛=1

0 ∞
1 1 4
4𝑑𝑥 = 1 + 2 2
(−1)𝑛 − 1 2
4 −2 2 𝑛 ⌅
𝑛=1

∞
1 4
2= 1+ 2 2
(−1)𝑛 − 1 2
2 𝑛 ⌅
𝑛=1
 ∞
2 (−1)𝑛 − 1 2
1= 2
⌅ 𝑛2
𝑛=1

∞
⌅2 (−1)𝑛 − 1 2
=
2 𝑛2
𝑛=1

⌅2 4 4 4 ⌅2 1 1 1
∴ = + 2+ 2+⋯= = + 2+ 2+⋯
2 12 3 5 8 12 3 5

Q3.
1
A) Find 𝐿−1 (log(1 − 𝑠 2 ))
𝑠2 − 1
log = log 𝑠 2 − 1 − log(𝑠 )
𝑠
Now,
𝑑 𝑠2 − 1 1 1
log =( 2 × 2𝑠) −
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 −1 𝑠
2𝑠 1
= 2 −
𝑠 −1 𝑠

We know,
−1 −1
𝐿−1 ɸ (𝑆) = 𝐿 ɸ(𝑠)
𝑡
𝑠 1
𝐿−1 ɸ (𝑆) = 2𝐿−1 2 − 𝐿−1
𝑠 −1 𝑠
= 2 cos 𝑕𝑡 − 1
1 1
∴ 𝐿−1 log 1 − 2 = − 2 cos 𝑕𝑡 − 1
𝑠 𝑡

sin 2𝑥
B) Find the analytic function 𝑓 𝑧 = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 𝑤𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 + 𝑣 = cos 𝑕 2𝑦−cos 2𝑥 , using Milne
– Thompson’s method.

Sol:
sin 2𝑥
𝑢+𝑣 =
cos 𝑕 2𝑦 − cos 2𝑥
Let, u +v = V
 ∴ 1 + 𝑖 𝑓 ′ 𝑧 = 𝑣𝑦 + 𝑖𝑣𝑥
𝜕 sin 2𝑥
𝑉𝑥 =
𝜕𝑥 cos 𝑕 2𝑦 − cos 2𝑥
𝜕 𝜕
= cos 𝑕 2𝑦 − cos 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 cos 𝑕 2𝑦 − cos 2𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
cos 𝑕 2𝑦 − cos 2𝑥 2

2 cos 𝑕 2𝑦 − cos 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 − sin 2𝑥 2 sin 2𝑥

𝑉𝑥 =
cos 𝑕 2𝑦 − cos 2𝑥 2
𝜕 sin 2𝑥
𝑉𝑦 =
𝜕𝑦 cosh 2𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
𝜕
− sin 𝜕𝑦 cos 𝑕 2𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= 2
cos 𝑕 2𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
−2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑕2𝑦
𝑉𝑦 =
cos 𝑕 2𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2
∴ 1 + 𝑖 𝑓 ′ 𝑧 = 𝑉𝑥 + 𝑖𝑣𝑦

Put 𝑥 = 𝑧 & 𝑦 = 0

′
2 1 − cos 2𝑧 cos 2𝑧 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑧
1+𝑖 𝑓 𝑧 = + 𝑖(0 )
(1 − cos 2𝑧)2

′
2 cos 2𝑧 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2𝑧 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑧
1+𝑖 𝑓 𝑧 =
(1 − cos 2𝑧)2
2 cos 2𝑧 − 2
=
(1 − cos 2𝑧)2
−2 (1 − cos 2𝑧)
=
(1 − cos 2𝑧)2
−2
1 + 𝑖 𝑓′ 𝑧 =
(1 − cos 2𝑧)
−2 1
𝑓′ 𝑧 = ×
(1 + 𝑖) 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑧

′
− 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑧
𝑓 𝑧 =
(1 + 𝑖)
Integrating both side
 cot 𝑧
𝑓 𝑧 = +𝑐
(1 + 𝑖)

C) Fit a Parabola 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑦 2 for the following data :

X: 1 2 3 4 5
Y: 10 12 15 14 15
Sol:
Parabola :𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑦 2

x y y = y-15 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4 xy 𝑥𝑦 2
1 10 -5 25 -125 625 -2 25
2 12 -3 9 -27 81 -6 18
3 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 14 1 1 1 1 4 4
5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 -7 35 -151 707 7 47
2 3 4 2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦

We know :

𝑥 = 𝑁𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑦+𝑐 𝑦2

15 = 5𝑎 + 7𝑏 + 35𝑐 … . . (1)

2
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑦+𝑏 𝑦 +𝑐 𝑦3

−7 = −7𝑎 + 35𝑏 − 151𝑐 … . (2)

3
2 2
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑦 +𝑏 𝑦 +𝑐 𝑦4

47 = 35𝑎 − 151𝑏 + 151𝑏 + 7076 … . (3)

∴ 𝑎 = 3.81, 𝑏 = 0.45, 𝑐 = −0.02

∴ 𝑥 = 3.81 + 0.45𝑦 − 0.02𝑦 2
Put 𝑥 = 𝑥 & 𝑦 = 𝑦 − 15
𝑥 = 𝑥 & 𝑦 = 𝑦 − 15
𝑥 = 3.81 + 0.45𝑦 − 6.75 − 0.02𝑦 2 + 0.04𝑦 − 0.3
𝑥 = −3.24 + 0.49𝑦 − 0.02𝑦 2
Q4.
A) The first 4 moments of a distribution about origin of the random variable
X are -1.5, 17, -30 and 108. Compute Mean, variance, 𝜇3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇4 .
Sol.:
Moments about origin:
𝜇′1 = −1.5
𝜇′2 = 17
𝜇 ′ 3 = 30
𝜇′4 = 108

Now,
3
𝜇3 = 𝜇′3 − 3𝜇 ′ 2 𝜇 ′ 1 + 2 𝜇 ′ 1
= −30 − 3 17 −1.5 + 2 (−1.5)3
= −30 + 76.5 − 6.75
𝜇3 = 39.75

2 4
𝜇4 = 𝜇′4 − 4𝜇 ′ 3 𝜇 ′ 1 + 6 𝜇 ′ 2 𝜇 ′ 1 − 3 𝜇 ′ 1
= 108 − 4 −30 −1.5 + 6 17 1.5 2 − 3(1.5)4
= 108 − 180 + 229. .5 − 15.187
𝜇4 = 142.31

B) Consider the equations of regression lines 5𝑥 − 𝑦 = 22 𝑎𝑛𝑑 64𝑥 − 45𝑦 =

24. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥, 𝑦 and correlation coefficient r.
Sol:
Given:
5𝑥 − 𝑦 = 22 … … (1)
64𝑥 − 45𝑦 = 24 … … . (2)
𝑆𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 1 & (2)
𝑥=6 & 𝑦=8
∴ 𝑥=6 𝑦=8
 Let, eq (1) represent line of regretting of ‘y’ on ‘x’
45𝑦 = 64𝑥 − 24
64 24
𝑦= 𝑥−
45 45
64
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = = 1.42
45

(𝑠+3)2
C) Find 𝐿−1
𝑠 2 +6𝑠+13 2

Sol:
1 2
Adjusting T.T = 2
×6 =9

𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 13 → 𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 9 − 9 + 13
(𝑠 + 3)2 + 4
−1
(𝑠 + 3)2
∴ 𝐿
(𝑠 + 3)2 + 4 2
𝑁𝑜𝑤,
𝐵𝑦 1𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑕𝑖𝑓𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔:
−3𝑡 −1
𝑠2
𝑒 𝐿 . . . (1)
𝑠 2 + 22 2
𝑁𝑜𝑤,
2
𝑠 𝑠
𝐿−1 2 ×
𝑠 + 22 𝑠 2 + 22
𝑠 𝑠
∴ ɸ1 𝑠 = &ɸ2 𝑠 =
𝑠 2 + 22 𝑠 2 + 22
𝐿−1 ɸ1 𝑠 = cos 2𝑡 &𝐿−1 ɸ2 𝑠 = cos 2𝑡
𝑓1 𝑢 = cos 2𝑢 &𝑓2 𝑡 − 𝑢 = cos(2𝑡 − 2𝑢)

By convolution:

𝑡
−1
𝐿 ɸ1 𝑠 − ɸ2 𝑠 = 𝑓1 𝑢 𝑓2 𝑡 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
0
𝑡
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢. cos 2𝑡 − 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
0
We know,
1
cos 𝐴. cos 𝐵 = cos 𝐴 + 𝐵 + cos(𝐴 − 𝐵)
2
 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢 cos 2𝑡 − 2𝑢 = cos 2𝑡 + cos⁡(4𝑢 − 2𝑡)
2
𝑡 𝑡
1 sin(4𝑢 − 2𝑡)
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢. cos 2𝑡 − 2𝑢 = cos 2𝑡. 𝑢 +
0 2 4 0
1 sin 2𝑡 sin 2𝑡
= 𝑡. cos 2𝑡 + − 0−
2 4 4
1 sin 2𝑡
= 𝑡 cos 2𝑡 +
2 2
∴ from (1)
(𝑠 + 3)2 𝑒 −3𝑡 sin 2𝑡
𝐿−1 = 𝑡 cos 2𝑡 +
𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 13 2 2

Q5.

A) Find the Laplace transform of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡 cos 5𝑡

Sol:
We know,
1 cos 3𝑡 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡 = +
4 4
1 3
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡. cos 5𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡. 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡. 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡
4 4

We know,
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 = cos 𝐴 + 𝐵 + cos(𝐴 − 𝐵)
2
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡. 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡 = cos 8𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
2
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡. 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡 = cos 6𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡
2
1 3
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡. 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡 = cos 8𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 + cos 6𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡
8 8
Apply Laplace:

1 3
𝐿 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡. 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡 = 𝐿 cos 8𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡 + 𝐿 cos 6𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣𝑡
8 8

1 𝑠 𝑠 3 𝑠 𝑠
= + + +
8 𝑠 2 + 82 𝑠 2 + 52 8 𝑠 2 + 62 𝑠 2 + 42
 1 𝑠 𝑠 3 𝑠 𝑠
= + + +
8 𝑠 2 + 64 𝑠 2 + 25 8 𝑠 2 + 36 𝑠 2 + 16

B) Find Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for the data below.

X: 32 55 49 60 43 37 43 49 10 20
Y: 40 30 70 20 30 50 72 60 45 25

Sol: Calculation of R between X and Y

X 𝑅1 Y 𝑅1 𝐷2
2
𝑅1 − 𝑅2
32 3 40 5 4.00
55 9 30 3.5 30.25
49 7.5 70 9 2.25
60 10 20 1 81.00
43 5.5 30 3.5 4.00
37 4 50 7 9.00
43 5.5 72 10 20.25
49 7.5 60 8 0.25
10 1 45 6 25.00
20 2 25 2 0
2
N= 10
𝐷 = 176

2 1 1 1
6 𝐷 + 12 𝑚1 3 − 𝑚1 + 12 𝑚2 3 − 𝑚2 + 12 𝑚3 3 − 𝑚3
∴𝑅 =1−
𝑁3 − 𝑁
2
𝐵𝑢𝑡, 𝐷 = 176, 𝑚1 = 𝑚2 = 𝑚3 = 2, 𝑁 = 10

1 1 1
6 176 + 8−2 + 8−2 + 8−2
12 12 12
∴𝑅 = 1−
1000 − 10
6 177.5
=1− = 1 − 1.076 = −0.076
990
1
C) Obtain Fourier Series for 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝜋 − 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 0, 2𝜋
2
𝜋 1 1 1
Hence, deduce that 4 = 1 − 3 + 5 − 7 + ⋯

Sol:
1
𝑓 𝑥 = (𝜋 − 𝑥)
2
 1 2⌅
𝑎0 = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2⌅ 0
1 2⌅ ⌅ −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
2⌅ 0 2
2⌅
1 (⌅ −𝑥)2
=
2⌅ −4 0
2 2
1 ⌅ −2 ⌅ ⌅ −0
= +
2⌅ −4 4
2 2
1 ⌅ ⌅
= +
2 ⌅ −4 4
𝑎0 = 0
Now,
2⌅
1
𝑎𝑛 = ⌅ −𝑥 . cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2⌅ 0

By Leibnitz Theorem:
𝑢 = ⌅ −𝑥 𝑣 = cos⁡(𝑛𝑥)
sin(𝑛𝑥)
𝑢′ = −1 𝑣1 =
𝑛
𝑛𝑥
𝑣2 = − cos 𝑛 2
2
1 ⌅ −𝑥 sin(𝑛𝑥) cos⁡(𝑛𝑥)
𝑎𝑛 = −
2⌅ 𝑛 𝑛2 0

1 1 1
𝑎𝑛 = 0− − 0 −
2⌅ 𝑛2 𝑛2
1 −1 1
= +
2 ⌅ 𝑛2 𝑛2

𝑎𝑛 = 0

1 2⌅
𝑏𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⌅ 0
1 2⌅
= ⌅ −𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2⌅ 0

2⌅
1 − ⌅ −𝑥 cos(𝑛𝑥) sin⁡(𝑛𝑥)
= − 𝑢 = ⌅ −𝑥 𝑣 = sin⁡(𝑛𝑥)
2⌅ 𝑛 𝑛2 0
 cos(𝑛𝑥)
𝑢′ = −1 𝑣1 =
𝑛
𝑣2 = − sin(𝑛𝑥)/𝑛2
1 − ⌅ −2 ⌅ − ⌅
= −0 − −0
2⌅ 𝑛 𝑛

1 ⌅ ⌅
= +
2⌅ 𝑛 𝑛
1
𝑏𝑛 =
𝑛
∞ ∞

∴ 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎𝑛 cos 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑏𝑛 sin 𝑛𝑥
𝑛=1 𝑛=1
∞
1
𝑓 𝑥 = sin(𝑛𝑥)
4
𝑛=1
∞
1 sin(𝑛𝑥)
⌅ −𝑥 =
2 𝑛
𝑛=1
⌅
Now, Put 𝑥 = 2
∞
⌅ sin(𝑛 ⌅/2)
=
4 𝑛
𝑛=1
⌅ 1 1 1
=1− + − +⋯
4 3 5 7

Q6.
A) If f (x) is probability density function of a continuous random variable X. Find
k, mean and variance.

𝑘𝑥 2 , 0≤𝑥≤1
𝑓 𝑥 = 2−𝑥 2 ,1≤𝑥≤2

Sol:
𝑘𝑥 2 0≤𝑥≤1
𝑓 𝑥 = (2−𝑥)2 1 ≤𝑥 ≤2

We know,
𝑏
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 1
𝑎
 1 2
2
𝑘𝑥 + (2 − 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 = 1
0 1

1 2
𝑥3 (2 − 𝑥)3
𝑘 + =1
3 0
−3 1

1 1
𝑘 + 0+ =1
3 3
𝐾 1
+ =1
3 3
𝑘+1=3
𝑘=2

2𝑥 2 0≤𝑥≤1
∴𝑓 𝑥 = (2−𝑥)2 1 ≤𝑥 ≤2
We know,
𝑏
𝜇= 𝑥𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
1 2
2
= 𝑥 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 (2 − 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
0 1
1 2
=2 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
0 1
4 1 2
𝑥
=2 = 4𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
4 0 1
2
1 4𝑥 2 4𝑥 3 𝑥 4
=2 −0 + − +
4 2 3 4 1
1 16 32 16 4 4 1
= + − + − − +
2 2 3 4 2 3 4
1 4 11
= + −
2 3 12
1 5
= +
2 12
11
𝜇=
12

𝑏 1 2
𝑉𝑎𝑟 = 𝑥2 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑓 (𝑥)
0 𝑎
1 2 2
2 2 2
11 2
= 𝑥 2𝑥 + 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 +
0 1 12
 1 2 2
4 2− 3 4
11
=2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 4𝑥 4𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 +
0 1 12
5 1 2 2
𝑥 4𝑥 3 4𝑥 4 𝑥 5 11
=2 + − + +
5 0
3 4 5 1
12
2
1 32 64 32 4 4 1 11
=2 + − + − − + +
5 3 4 5 3 4 5 12
2 64 32 11 2
= + − +
5 60 60 12
2
2 8 11
= + +
5 15 12
14 121
= +
15 144
3831
=
2160
𝑣𝑎𝑟 = 1.77

B) Check if there exists an analytic function whose real part is

𝑢 = sin 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 4. Justify your answer.

Sol:
Given:
𝑢 = sin 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 4
∵ 𝑓 ′ 𝑧 = 𝑢𝑥 − 𝑖𝑣𝑦
𝜕
𝑢𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 4
𝜕𝑥
𝑢𝑥 = cos 𝑥 + 6𝑥+
𝜕
𝑢𝑦 = sin 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 4
𝜕𝑦
𝑢𝑦 = −2𝑦 + 5
Now,
𝑓 ′ 𝑧 = cos 𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 𝑖(5 − 2𝑦)
𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑧 & 𝑦 = 0
′
𝑓 𝑧 = cos 𝑧 + 6𝑧 − 𝑖(5 − 0)
𝑓 ′ 𝑧 = cos 𝑧 + 6𝑧 − 5𝑖

Now integrating B.S

𝑓 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 𝑑𝑧 + 6 𝑧𝑑𝑧 − 5𝑖 𝑑𝑧
𝑓 𝑧 = sin 𝑧 + 3𝑧 2 − 5𝑖𝑧
 Now,
𝑍 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦
𝑓 𝑧 = sin 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 + 3(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦)2 − 5𝑖 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. sin 𝑖𝑦 + 3 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦 2 − 5𝑖𝑥 + 5𝑦
= sin 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑕𝑦 + 𝑖. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑕𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑦𝑖 − 3𝑦 2 − 5𝑖𝑥 + 5𝑦
= 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑕𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 + 𝑖 5𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑕𝑦 + 6𝑥𝑦 − 5𝑖
𝐵𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑕𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡
∴Analytic Function does not exist.

C) Evaluate the following integral by using Laplace transforms

∞ 𝑡
−2𝑡
𝑒 3𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑢
𝑒 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑡
0 0 𝑢

Sol:
∞ 𝑡
−2𝑡
𝑒 3𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑢
𝑒 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑡 … … . . (1)
0 0 𝑢
∞
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 … … (2)
0
𝐵𝑦 1 & (2)
𝑡
𝑒 34 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢
𝑆=2 & 𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑑𝑢
0 𝑢

1 − cos 2𝑢
𝐿 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝐿 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢 − 𝐿
2
1 1 𝑠
= − 2
2 𝑠 𝑠 + 42
𝑁𝑜𝑤,
𝑓(𝑡) 1 ∞ 1 𝑠
𝐿 = − 2 𝑑𝑠
𝑡 2 0 𝑠 𝑠 + 42

∞
1 1 1 1
= log 𝑠 − log 𝑠 2 + 42 = log 𝑠 2 + 42 − log(𝑠)
2 2 𝑠 2 2

𝑒 3𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑢 1 1
∅ 𝑠 =𝐿 𝑑𝑢 = log (𝑠 − 3)2 + 42 − log(𝑠 − 3)
𝑢 2 2

𝑡
1
𝐿 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = × ∅(𝑠)
0 𝑠
 𝑡
1 1
𝐿 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = log (𝑠 − 3)2 + 42 − log(𝑠 − 3)
0 2𝑠 2
𝑁𝑜𝑤,
𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠 = 2

∞ 𝑡
𝑒 3𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑢 1 1
𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑑𝑢 = log 1 + 16 − log(−1)
0 0 𝑢 4 2
1 1
= log 17 − 0
4 2

1
= 8 log 17