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Elect Mach I - CH3 - DC Gen

The document provides an overview of DC generators, detailing their principle of operation, components, and types including separately excited, shunt, series, and compound generators. It explains how voltage is generated and controlled, as well as the factors affecting the magnitude of generated emf. Additionally, it includes terminal characteristics and examples for calculating various parameters related to different types of DC generators.

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Yohannes Demissie
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6 views16 pages

Elect Mach I - CH3 - DC Gen

The document provides an overview of DC generators, detailing their principle of operation, components, and types including separately excited, shunt, series, and compound generators. It explains how voltage is generated and controlled, as well as the factors affecting the magnitude of generated emf. Additionally, it includes terminal characteristics and examples for calculating various parameters related to different types of DC generators.

Uploaded by

Yohannes Demissie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC Generator

Principle operation of DC Generator


1. The three main things to generate a voltage
1. Magnetic field
2. Conductor (Armature winding)
3. Relative speed between magnetic field and armature winding
2. Main Function of commutator
1. To convert the generated ac voltage in to dc
2. To facilitate connection between rotary part (armature) and
external part (load)
Factors that determine magnitude of generated
emf, Eg
1) Number of poles, P
2) Magnetic flux per pole in webers, 𝚽
3) Speed of the motor in rpm, N.
4) Total number of armature conductors, Z.
5) Number of parallel paths, A
( A = P, for lap winding, and
A=2 for wave winding)
Eg = 𝚽ZNP/ (60A) [Volts]
1) Separately Excited DC Generator

IL
If

Ra
LOAD
DC
Vf Rf Eg Ia (RL)
V

Fig: Separately Excited DC Generator


Eg – Ia*Ra – V = 0, Eg = V + Ia*Ra, V = Eg – Ia*Ra
Ia = IL, If = Vf/Rf
Terminal Characteristic of Separately Excited DC Generator,
• We know that V = Eg – Ia*Ra.
• Since the internal generated voltage, Eg is independent of Ia, the internal
characteristic of separately excited dc generator is constant.
• When the load supplied by the generator increased, IL increases and there
fore Ia increases. As the armature current increases, the Ia*Ra drop
increases, so the terminal voltage of the generator decreases.
Voltage Control of Separately Excited DC Generator
• There are two ways to control the voltage of Separately
Excited DC generator.
1) Changing the speed of shaft of generator
2) Changing the field resistor of the generator, thus changing
field current
2) Shunt DC Generator
• A dc shunt generator is a dc generator that supplies its own field
current by having its field connected directly across the terminals of
the machine.
Ish (If)
IL

V
Rsh Ra
Eg Ia

Fig: DC Shunt Generator


Ia = If + IL, If = V/Rf
V = Eg – Ia*Ra
Terminal Characteristic of Shunt DC Generator
• We know that V = Eg – Ia*Ra
Voltage Control of DC Shunt Generator
• As with separately excited DC Generator, there are two ways
to control the voltage of shunt generator.
1) Changing the speed of shaft of generator
2) Changing the field resistor of the generator, thus changing
field current
3) Series DC Generator
• A series dc generator is a generator whose field is connected in series
to the armature. Since the armature has much higher current than a
shunt field, the series field in a generator has low resistance. (It is
wound with thick wire and small number of turns).
Rse (Rf)
IL

Ise (If)
Ra
LOAD
Eg Ia V (RL)

Fig: Series DC Generator Motor


Ia = Ise = IL
V = Eg – Ia*(Ra + Rse)
Terminal Characteristic of Series DC Generator
• At no-load there is no field current, out put voltage is reduced to small
value. When the load is connected the out put voltage increases.
EXAMPLE 1
• A 25 KW, 220 V dc separatley excited genarator
has an armature resistance of 0.1 Ω and field
resistance of 110 Ω. Calculate the power
developed in the armature when it delivers its
rated out put.
EXAMPLE 2
• A 6 pole dc generator has lap wound armature which
has 32 slots, each slots containing 10 conductors. the
flux per pole is 30mWb. At what speed must the
generator be driven to develop an emf of 220 Volt?
What would be the speed of the generator if it is wave
wound?
EXAMPLE 3
• A 4 pole dc shunt generator with lap wound armature supplies a
load of 50A at 220V. The armature resistance and shunt field
resistance 0.2 Ω and 110 Ω respectively Calculate
i. armature current
ii. EMF generated, Eg
Also find these values when generator is separately excited.
4) Compound Generator
*Short Shunt Cumulative DC Generator
Rse
E1 IL
E2

D1 A1 Ise
Ra
Ish Rsh DC
Eg Ia
V
D2
A2

Fig: Short Shunt Cumulative Compound DC Generator Motor

Eg = V + Ia *Ra + IL* Rse) , V = Eg – Ia*Ra – IL * Rse


IL= Ise
Ia = Ise + Ish = IL + Ish
*Long Shunt Cumulative DC Generator
IL

E2

Ise
D1

E1 A1 V
Ish
Ra
D2
Eb Ia

A2

Fig: Long Shunt Cumulative Compound DC Generator


Eg =V + Ia (Ra + Rse)
Ish = V/Rsh
Ia = Ise
IL = Ia + Ish

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