🔹 What is Static, Quasi-static, and Dynamic Analysis (In Terms of

Inertia Effects)?
✅ Static Analysis

 Definition (Simple Words): Load is applied slowly, and the structure has enough time to respond.
No inertia effect (mass × acceleration is zero).
 Inertia Effect: Negligible or zero.
 Example: A building carrying its own weight.

✅ Quasi-static Analysis

 Definition (Simple Words): Load is applied slowly, but some very small acceleration/inertia may
exist.
 Inertia Effect: Very small but not zero.
 Example: Slowly pressing a spring-loaded mechanism.

✅ Dynamic Analysis

 Definition (Simple Words): Load varies with time or motion (e.g., vibrations, impacts). Inertia
effects are significant.
 Inertia Effect: Important and fully considered.
 Example: Earthquake load on a building, vibration of a beam.

🔶 Dynamic Analysis – Full Procedure (Design + Simulation +

Validation)

🔹 Application 1: Beams – Vibration Modes

🔸 Example: Cantilever Beam – Natural Frequencies

Parameters:

 Length = 1 m
 Width = 0.05 m
 Height = 0.01 m
 Material = Steel
 Density (ρ) = 7850 kg/m³
 Young’s Modulus (E) = 210 Gpa

🔸 Step 1: Find Natural Frequency (1st mode)

Formula:
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🔸 Abaqus Modeling:

 Create 3D beam part

 Assign steel material (ρ, E)
 Use “Frequency Step”
 Fix one end (cantilever)
 Run frequency extraction

🔹 Application 2: Pressure Vessels – Resonance

🔸 Example:

 Shell diameter = 1 m, Thickness = 10 mm

 Material: Aluminum
 E = 70 GPa, ρ = 2700 kg/m³

🔸 Step 1: Estimate Resonance Frequency

Use simplified shell resonance formula:

Where R = radius = 0.5 m

🔸 Validation:

 ✅ If operational frequency ≠ 1617 Hz → safe.

 ❌ If close to 1617 Hz → risk of shell vibration and failure.

🔸 Abaqus Modeling:

 Create cylindrical shell part

  Use “Shell” section
 Apply fixed constraints at ends
 Use “Frequency Step” to extract modes
 Visualize deformed shape (Mode 1, 2, 3...)

🔹 Application 3: Vacuum Chamber – Pressure Pulse Response

🔸 Example:

 Circular plate: Radius = 0.5 m, Thickness = 20 mm

 Pressure pulse: 100 kPa for 0.1 s
 Material: Stainless Steel, E = 200 GPa, ρ = 8000 kg/m³

🔸 Step 1: Calculate max displacement

Use dynamic plate deflection formula:

🔸 Validation:

 ✅ Safe if design allows 1 mm flex — yes, 0.67 mm is acceptable.

 ❌ If required deflection is < 0.5 mm, redesign is needed.

🔸 Abaqus Modeling:

 Create axisymmetric shell

 Apply dynamic pressure pulse using “Dynamic Explicit” step
 Measure displacement at center
 Compare with analytical result

🔶 Validation – In Detail
✅ Design is Safe:

 When natural/resonance frequencies do not match external input

 When stress < allowable stress
 When deflection < permissible limits
 When simulation closely matches hand calculations

❌ Design is Unsafe:

 If dynamic load frequency ≈ natural frequency (resonance → failure)

 If stress exceeds material limits
 If deformation is large (failure risk or leakage in vacuum cases)
 📊 Summary Table of Results:

Application Frequency / Deflection Safe? Key Factor

Beam (Cantilever) 2.64 Hz ✅ External freq ≠ 2.64 Hz
Pressure Vessel 1617 Hz ✅/❌ Depends on operating freq
Vacuum Chamber 0.67 mm deflection ✅ Below 1 mm limit

🔹 1. General Steps for All Models in Abaqus

1. Start Abaqus/CAE
2. Create a new model database.
3. Set the units (e.g., mm, MPa, N).
4. Follow these major modules:
o Part
o Property
o Assembly
o Step
o Load
o Mesh
o Job
o Visualization (post-processing)

🔹 2. Beam Vibration Analysis (Modal/Frequency)

Steps:

1. Part Module
o Create 3D deformable → solid → extrusion
o Sketch a rectangle (e.g., 1000 mm × 10 mm) → extrude (e.g., 50 mm)
2. Property Module
o Create material (e.g., Steel: E = 210 GPa, ρ = 7850 kg/m³)
o Assign section to the part
3. Assembly Module
o Create instance of part
4. Step Module
o Create "Frequency" step
o Request number of modes (e.g., 5)
5. Load Module
o Apply “Encastre” boundary condition to one end (for cantilever)
6. Mesh Module
o Seed edges (approx. 10–20 mm), assign mesh (e.g., C3D8R), mesh part
7. Job Module
o Create and run job
8. Visualization Module
o Plot natural frequencies and vibration modes

🔹 3. Pressure Vessel Resonance (Shell Structure)

Steps:

1. Part Module
 o Create 3D shell → sketch circle (D = 1000 mm), define thickness
2. Property Module
o Material: Aluminum (E = 70 GPa, ρ = 2700 kg/m³)
o Assign shell section
3. Assembly Module
o Instance the part
4. Step Module
o Create “Frequency” step to extract resonance modes
5. Load Module
o Apply fixed boundary at edges
6. Mesh Module
o Use shell elements (e.g., S4R), seed and mesh
7. Job Module
o Create and submit job
8. Visualization Module
o View mode shapes and resonance frequencies

🔹 4. Vacuum Chamber – Dynamic Pressure Response

Steps:

1. Part Module
o Create 2D axisymmetric part (circle of R = 500 mm, thickness = 20 mm)
2. Property Module
o Material: Stainless Steel (E = 200 GPa, ρ = 8000 kg/m³, ν = 0.3)
o Assign section (solid)
3. Assembly Module
o Create part instance
4. Step Module
o Create “Dynamic, Explicit” step
o Time period: e.g., 0.2 sec
5. Load Module
o Apply dynamic pressure pulse (e.g., 100 kPa for 0.1 sec)
o Apply symmetry BCs as needed
6. Mesh Module
o Use axisymmetric elements (e.g., CAX4R), seed and mesh
7. Job Module
o Submit job for simulation
8. Visualization Module
o View displacement vs time at center
o Compare with analytical results

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🔹 1. Beam Vibration Analysis (Natural Frequencies)

✅ Result:

 First Natural Frequency (f₁): ≈ 2.64 Hz

📘 Explanation:

 This is the frequency at which the cantilever beam vibrates naturally without external excitation.
  If an external force (machine vibration, load, wind, etc.) matches this frequency, resonance occurs,
which amplifies vibration and can lead to failure.

🛡️ Validation: Is it safe?

 ✅ Yes, if your operating or environmental vibration frequencies are not close to 2.64 Hz.
 ❌ No, if your machine or environment produces forces near 2.64 Hz (needs frequency shift through
geometry or damping).

🔹 2. Pressure Vessel Resonance Frequency

✅ Result:

 Estimated Resonance Frequency (fᵣ): ≈ 1617 Hz

📘 Explanation:

 This is the critical frequency at which the pressure vessel (like a thin shell or cylinder) naturally
vibrates.
 If a motor, compressor, or pump operates near this frequency, vibration stresses will be amplified.

🛡️ Validation: Is it safe?

 ✅ Yes, if no internal or external excitation occurs near 1617 Hz.

 ❌ No, if operation involves pulsation or vibration near that frequency. In that case, redesign the wall
thickness or add stiffeners to change the resonance point.

🔹 3. Vacuum Chamber – Pressure Pulse Response

✅ Result:

 Maximum Central Deflection (wₘₐₓ): ≈ 0.67 mm

📘 Explanation:

 This is the peak center displacement of the chamber’s circular plate when it experiences a dynamic
pressure pulse of 100 kPa for 0.1 sec.
 The deflection shows how much the plate flexes temporarily due to internal/external vacuum or gas
pressure variation.

🛡️ Validation: Is it safe?

 ✅ Yes, if:
o The chamber is designed to tolerate deflections up to 1 mm.
o There are no permanent deformations or plastic strains.
 ❌ No, if the allowable deflection limit is less than 0.67 mm (e.g., in high-precision vacuum
equipment like space applications).