NEXUS Relations & Functions

Questions
1. Check whether the function: f ( x ) = x + 2, x  R is one-one or many-one.
2

2. Check whether the following functions is one-one or many-one : y = x2 – 5x + 6.

3. Check for injectivity : f ( x ) = x + 2 , x  [−2, )
x
4. Check for injectivity: f ( x ) = , x  ( 0,  ) .
1+ x
5. Check whether the following function is onto or into: f : R → [1, ∞) defined as f (x) = x2 + 1

6. Check Surjectivity: f : 0, 2  → 1, 26 , defined as f ( x ) = ( 3sin x − 4cos x ) + 1

2

1 for x  0

7. Consider the signum function f : R → R defined as follows : f ( x) = 0 for x = 0 . Check whether
−1 for x  0

it is one-one and onto or not.

8. The function f : → defined as f ( x ) = x 2 − x − 6 is _____.

(a) one-one onto (b) one-one into
(c) many-one onto (d) many-one into

9. The function f : → defined as f ( x ) = x 2 − x − 12 is _____.

(a) one-one onto (b) many-one onto (c) one-one into (d) many-one into

10. The function f : → defined as f ( x ) = x3 − x is _____.

(a) one-one but not onto (b) onto but not one-one
(c) both one-one and onto (d) neither one-one nor onto

11. Which of the following functions is surjective but not injective ?

(a) f : R → R, f ( x) = x 4 + 2 x 3 − x 2 + 1 (b) f : R → R, f ( x) = x 3 + x + 1
(c) f : R → R + , f ( x) = x 2 + 1 (d) f : R → R, f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 − x + 1

12. The relation f : → defined as f ( x ) =  x  , where  x  denotes the greatest integer less than
or equal to x , is _____.
(a) one-one but not onto (b) onto but not one-one
(c) both one-one and onto (d) neither one-one nor onto

13. A function f from the set of natural numbers to integers defined by

 n −1
 2 , when n is odd
f ( n) =  is
 − n , when n is even
 2
(a) one-one but not onto (b) onto but not one-one
(c) one-one and onto both (d) neither one-one nor onto
NEXUS Relations & Functions

x−3
14. Let a function f : (2, ) → [0, ) defined as f ( x) = then f is
x−2
(a) Injective and surjective (b) Injective but not Surjective
(c) Not injective but surjective (d) neither injective nor surjective

1 − cos 2 x
15. The function f : 0,   → 0, 1 defined as f ( x ) = is _____.
2
(a) one-one onto (b) many-one onto
(c) one-one into (d) many-one into

16. Let a function f : R → R defined as f ( x) = log e  x2 + 1 + x + x 2 + 1 − x  then f is

 
(a) one-one but not onto (b) onto but not one-one
(c) both one-one and onto (d) neither one-one nor onto

x
17. If f :[0, ) → [0,1) and f ( x) = , then prove that f (x) is bijective.
1+ x

 x | x | −4 , x  Q

18. If f : R → R, f ( x) =  , then identify the type of function.

 x | x | − 3, x  Q

19. Show that f : R → R defined by f (x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) is surjective but not injective.

20. Identify the type of function: f ( x) = e x + cos x

2

21. Let A = {x : −1  x  1} = B . Show that f : A → B defined by f (x) = x|x| is bijective.

x2 − 8
22. Let f : R → R be defined as f ( x) = , then f is
x2 + 2
(a) Injective (b) Surjective
(c) neither injective nor surjective (d) Bijective

23. Let f : R + → {−1, 0,1} be defined by f ( x) = sgn( x − x 4 + x 7 − x8 − 1) , where sgn denotes signum
function. Then f (x) is
(a) one-one and onto (b) one-one and into
(c) many-one and onto (d) many-one and into

24. If f : R → S , defined as f ( x ) = [sin x] is an onto function then S must be, (where [.] is GIF)
(a) [−1, 1] (b) {−1, 0, 1} (c) {−sin1, 0 , sin1} (d) none

25. The function f : → A defined as f ( x ) = 5sin x + 12cos x is a surjection if _____.

(a) A =  −13, 13 (b) A = ( −13, 13) (c) A = 0, 13 (d) A = ( 0, 13)
x2
26. If the function f : → A given by f ( x) = 2 is surjective, then find A.
x +1
  −1  x − k 
2
27. Let g : R →  0,  be defined by g ( x) = cos  2 
. Then find the possible values of k for
 3  1+ x 
which g is a surjective function.
NEXUS Relations & Functions

28. Let f : R → 1,  ) be defined as f ( x) = log10 ( )

3 x 2 − 4 x + k + 1 + 10 . If f (x) is surjective, then

1 1 1
(a) k = (b) k  (c) k  (d) k = 1
3 3 3
29. Let A = {1, 2} and B = {3, 4, 5}. Then from A to B, find the
(i) Total number of functions
(ii) number of one-one functions
(iii) Number of many-one functions
30. Let A = {a, b, c} and B = {p, q}. Then from A to B, find the number of one-one functions.

31. Let a function f : A → B , where A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {4, 5, 6} such that f (1)  4 . Then find
the number of one-one function between A to B.

32. If P = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and Q = {a, b, c}, then the number of onto functions from P to Q is ___.

33. If f : R → R, f ( x) = ( x + 1) 2 and g : R → R, g ( x) = x 2 + 1 , then fog(-3) = _____.

34. If f (x) = x2 and g(x) = x – 7 , then find fog(x).

35. Let f : {2, 3, 4, 5} → {3, 4, 5, 9} and g : {3, 4, 5, 9} → {7, 11, 15} be functions defined as
f (2) = 3, f (3) = 4, f (4) = f (5) = 5, g(3) = g(4) = 7 and g(5) = g(9) = 11. Find gof.

36. Suppose that g ( x) = 1 + x and f ( g ( x)) = 3 + 2 x + x. Then find the function f (x).

37. Let f be a function with domain [−3, 5] and let g ( x ) = 3x + 4 . Then the domain of (fog)(x) is
 1  1  1
(a)  −3,  (b)  −3,  (c)  −3,  (d) none of these
 3  3  3

38. If f ( x ) = 1 − x, x   −3,3 , then the domain of fof (x) is

(a)  −3,3 (b)  −2,3 (c) ( −2,3) (d) [−2,3)
1
39. If f : → is defined as f ( x ) = ( 3 − x 3 ) 3 , then f o f ( x ) is _____.

1+ x 1+ x 2
40. If f ( x ) = ln , where x represents the absolute value function, and g ( x ) = , then
1− x 2x
f o g ( x ) = _____.
(a) f ( x ) (b) −2 f ( x ) (c) 2 f ( x ) (d) − f ( x )

41. If f ( x ) =
1
1− x
 
, x  0,1, then the graph of the function y = f f ( f ( x ) ) , x  1, is

(a) a circle (b) an ellipse (c) a straight line (d) a pair of straight lines

x
42. Let f ( x) = , x  1. Then for what value of  , is f [ f ( x)] = x ?
x +1
(a) 2 (b) − 2 (c) 1 (d) −1
NEXUS Relations & Functions

2010 x + 163 2010   4 

43. If f ( x) = , x  0 and x  , then the least value of f ( f ( x)) + f  f    is ___
165 x − 2010 165   x 

44. Suppose f (x) = ax + b and g(x) = bx + a, where a and b are positive integers.
If f (g(20)) – g(f (20)) = 28, then which of the following is NOT true ?
(a) a = 15 (b) a = 6 (c) b = 14 (d) b = 3
45. Let f (n) denote the square of the sum of the digits of natural number n, where f 2(n) denotes f (f (n)),
3 f 2017 (2011) − f 2016 (2011)
f (n) denotes f (f (f(n))) and so on. Then the value of 2017 is
f (2011) − f 2018 (2011)
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7

46. If f (x) = (ax2 + b)3, then find the function g such that f (g(x)) = g(f (x)).

x2 − a a x1/3 − b ax + b
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x2 + b x −b a x −1
3
47. If f ( x) = x 2 + x + and g ( x) = x 2 + ax + 1 be two real functions, then range of a for which
4
g(f(x)) = 0 has no real solution is
(a) (−, −2) (b) (−2, −2) (c) (−2, ) (d) (2, )
x rx
48. Let f ( x) = and let g ( x) = . Then the number of values of r such that f (g(x)) = g(f (x))
x +1 1− x
for infinitely many real number x is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5

 x+3 x5 2 x + 1 x  2
49. If f ( x ) =  and g ( x ) =  , then which of the following is INCORRECT ?
2 − x x5 x2
2
 x

(a) f o g (1) = 1 (b) f o g ( 2 ) = −23 ( )

(c) f o g 2− = −2 ( )
(d) f o g 2+ = −23

 x + 1; x  1
 x2 ; x  2 
50. If f ( x ) =  & g ( x ) = ( x − 1)( x − 3) + 2;1  x  3 , Then find
2 x − 1; x  2  x − 2; x  3

(i) fog(2) (ii) gof (2) (iii) fog(1-) (iv) fog (3+) (v) gof(2-) (vi) gof(2+)

log e x , 0  x  1 x +1 , x  2
51. If f ( x ) =  2 and g ( x ) =  2 , then find g(f (x)).
x −1 , x  1 x −1 , x  2

52. Let g : 5,6,7,8 → 1, 2,3, 4 . Then which of the following functions has an inverse.
(a) g = ( 5, 4 ) , ( 6,3) , ( 7, 4 ) , (8, 2 ) (b) g = ( 5,3) , ( 6,3) , ( 7, 4 ) , (8, 2 )
(c) g = ( 5, 4 ) , ( 6,3) , ( 7,1) , (8, 2 ) (d) none of these

53. Find the inverse of the function y = 35 x + 4 .

NEXUS Relations & Functions

5 x + 5− x
54. Find the inverse of the function y = x .
5 − 5− x

55. Consider the function f : R → (0, ) defined as f ( x) = 52 x − 7 . Then its inverse is

7 + log 5 x 7 − log 5 x log 5 x − 7
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
2 2 2
56. Which of the following functions is inverse to itself?
1− x
(a) f ( x) = 5log x (b) g ( x) = (c) h( x) = 2 x ( x −1) (d) None of these
1+ x
3x + 5
57. In the domain and codomain for which f ( x ) = is a bijection, find its inverse.
2x −1
x+5 2x + 5 x −5 2x − 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2x − 3 x −3 2x + 3 x+3

4x + 3
58. In the domain and codomain for which f ( x ) = is a bijection, find its inverse.
6x − 4
4x + 3 4x − 3 3x + 4 3x − 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6x − 4 6x + 4 4x − 6 4x + 6
 4 4 4x
59. Let f : − −  → −   be a function defined as f ( x ) = . If g o f ( x ) = x , then
 3 3 3x + 4
17
− g ( 7 ) = _____.
4
60. If a function f :  0,  ) → ( −, 5 is defined by f ( x ) = 5 − 2 x 2 , then f −1 ( x ) is equal to
x −5 5− x 2− x x−2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 5 5

61. If a function f :  0,  ) → ( −, 1 is defined by f ( x ) = 1 − x 2 , then _____.

(a) f −1 ( −3) = 1 (b) f −1 ( −7 ) = 2 (c) f −1 ( −8) = 3 (d) f −1 ( −48) = 4 3

62. If a function f : 1,  ) →  −1,  ) is defined by f ( x ) = x 2 − 2 x , then f −1 ( 255) = _____.

1   1 
63. If f (x) = x(x – 1) is a function from  ,   to  − ,   , then {x  R : f −1 ( x) = f ( x)} is
2   4 
(a) null set (b) {0, 2}
(c) {2} (d) a set containing 3 elements

64. Let f (x) = x2 - x + 1, then the solution of the equation f (x) = f -1 (x) is
1
(a) x = 1 (b) x = 2 (c) x = (d) x = 3
2
  11 
65. If a function f :  ,   →  ,   is defined by f ( x ) = x 2 − 5 x + 9 , then the solution of the
2  4 
equation f −1 ( x ) = x is
5 11
(a) x = (b) x = 3 (c) x = (d) no real solutions
2 3
NEXUS Relations & Functions

+ x − and g ( x) be the inverse of f (x), then find the value of ( f −1og −1 ) (17)
3 7
66. Let f ( x) =
2 4

67. If the function f :[2, ) → [−1, ) is defined by f ( x ) = x − 4 x + 3 then f−1 is:

2

2 − x +1
(a) 2 − x + 1 (b) 2 + x + 1 (c) (d) not defined
2
1
68. If f ( x ) + 2 f   = 3x, x  0 , then find f ( x ) .
x
69. If 3 f ( x ) + 2 f (1 − x ) = x 2 , then _____. (Multiple correct)
1 1 10399
(a) f (1) = 1 (b) f ( 2 ) = 2 (c) f   = (d) f (100 ) =
 2  20 5
1
70. If 3 f ( x ) + 4 f   = x, x  0 , then find ( f (1) ) .
−1

x
 2002 
71. If f ( x ) + 2 f   = 3x x then find f (x).
 x 
 1  1 1
72. Let f  x +  + f  x −  = 2 f ( x) f    x, y  R, y  0 and f (0) = 0 , then the value of
 y  y  y
f (1) + f (2) = _____.

 1
73. If f ( x) + f 1 −  = 1 + x for x  R − {0,1} . The value of 4 f (2) is equal to ______.
 x
74. If a function f : R → R be such that f ( x − f ( y )) = f ( f ( y )) + xf ( y ) + f ( x) − 1, x, y  R, then f (2) =
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) -1 (d) None of these

75. If f is a polynomial function satisfying 2 + f (x) f (y) = f (x) + f (y) + f (xy),  x, y  R and if
f (2) = 5, then find the value of f (f (2)).
(a) 64 (b) 16
(c) 42 (d) 26
76. If f (x) is a polynomial function of x, satisfying f (x). f (y) = f (x) + f (y) + f (xy) – 2 such that f (1) = 2
and f (2) = 5, then find the value of f (6) + 2009.

77. If g(x) is a polynomial function satisfying g(x) g(y) = g(x) + g(y) + g(xy) – 2 for all x, y  R and
g(2) = 5, then find g(5).
9x
78. If f ( x) = , which one of the following is true?
9x + 3
(a) f (x) = - f (x + 1) (b) f ( x) + f (1 + x) = 1
(c) f ( x) + f (1 − x) = 1 (d) f ( x) = f (1 − x)

2  1   2   2010 
79. If f ( x) = , for real numbers x, then find f  + f  + .... + f .
4 +2
x
 2011   2011   2011 

80. Let f(x) be an even function satisfying f(x) + f(x + 2) = f(x + 1)  x  R , where f(–13) = 4, then
find f(–5) + f(1).
NEXUS Relations & Functions

ANSWER KEY
1. Many-one 2. Many-one 3. Injective 4. Injective
5. into 6. Surjective 7. Neither one-one nor onto
8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (b) 11. (d)
12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (b)
16. (d) 18. Many-one into 20. Many-one into 22. (c)
23. (d) 24. (b) 25. (c) 26. [0, 1)
 1
27.  −1, −  28. (a) 29. (i) 9 (ii) 6 (iii) 3
 2

30. 0 31. 4 32. 150 33. 121

34. x 2 − 14 x + 49 36. 2 + x2 37. (a) 38. (b)
39. x 40. (c) 41. (c) 42. (d)
43. 4 44. (d) 45. (a) 46. (c)
47. (c) 48. (b) 49. (d)
50 (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 4 (iv) 1 (v) 2 (vi) 1
1 + ln x ; 0  x 1
 2 1  x
51. g ( f ( x)) =  x ; 1 x  3 52. (c) 53. log 3  
 2 5  81 
( x − 1) − 1 ; x  3
2

1  x +1
54. log 5   55. (a) 56. (b) 57. (a)
2  x −1
58. (a) 59. 7 60. (b) 61. (c)
62. 17 63. (c) 64. (a) 65. (b)
2
66. 17 67. (b) 68. −x 69. (b), (c)
x

4004 − x 2
70. 7 71. 72. 0 73. 3
x
74. (c) 75. (d) 76. 2045 77. 26
78. (c) 79. 1005 80. 8
NEXUS Relations & Functions

SOLUTION
1.
Given, f ( x ) = x 2 + 2
For x = 1, it will give same output.
Thus, many-one
2.
Let f (x1) = f (x2)
⇒ x12 - 5x1 + 6 = x22 - 5x2 + 6
⇒ (x12 - x22) - (5x1 - 5x2) = 0
⇒(x1 - x2)(x1 + x2 - 5) = 0
⇒ either x1 - x2 = 0 or x1 + x2 - 5 = 0
Thus, f (x) is many-one.
Alternate Solution:
Let f (x) = x2 - 5x + 6
⇒ f ’(x) = 2x – 5

Since it is not monotonic, thus f (x) is many-one.

3.
Given, f ( x ) = x + 2 , x  [−2, )
f ( x ) = x + 2, x   −2,  )
Let f (x1) = f (x2)
⇒ x1 + 2 = x2 + 2
⇒ x1 = x2
Thus, f (x) is injective.

4.
Let f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
x x
 1 = 2
1 + x1 1 + x2
 x1 + x1 x2 = x2 + x1 x2
 x1 = x2
Thus, f ( x) is one-one.
5.
f : R → [1, )
f ( x) = x 2 + 1
Let y = x 2 + 1
 x2 = y − 1
 x =  y −1
Now, x is defined if y  1
Thus, y  [1, )
So, f ( x) is onto
NEXUS Relations & Functions

6.
f ( x ) = ( 3sin x − 4cos x ) + 1
2

As − 25  3sin x − 4 cos x  25
 −5  3sin x − 4cos x  5
Thus, f ( x )min = 0 + 1 = 1
and f ( x )max = ( 5 ) + 1 = 26
2

So, f ( x )  1, 26

Hence f (x) is onto

7.

8.
The given function is f : → defined as f ( x ) = x 2 − x − 6 .
Let f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
 x12 − x1 − 6 = x2 2 − x2 − 6
 x12 − x2 2 − x1 + x2 = 0
 ( x1 − x2 )( x1 + x2 − 1) = 0
 x1 = x2 or x1 + x2 = 1
 f is many-one.
f ( x ) = x2 − x − 6
2 2
1 1 1
= x2 − 2 ( x )   +   −   − 6
2 2 2
2
 1  25
=x−  −
 2 4
 25 
 f ( x )  − ,  
 4 
 25 
Thus, Range =  − ,   , but Codomain = .
 4 
Since range and codomain are not equal, the given function is into.
9.
The given function is f : → defined as f ( x ) = x 2 − x − 12 .
Consider f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
 x12 − x1 − 12 = x2 2 − x2 − 12
 x12 − x2 2 − x1 + x2 = 0
 ( x1 − x2 )( x1 + x2 − 1) = 0
 x1 = x2 or x1 + x2 = 1
 f is many-one.
NEXUS Relations & Functions

Now, f ( x ) = x 2 − x − 12
2 2
1 1 1
= x − 2 ( x )   +   −   − 12
2

2 2 2

2
 1  49
=x−  −
 2 4
 49 
 f ( x )  − ,  
 4 
 49 
Thus, Range =  − ,   , but Codomain = .
 4 
Since range and codomain are not equal, the given function is into.
Thus, the given function is a many-one into function.
10.
The given function is f : → defined as f ( x ) = x3 − x .
Consider, f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
 x13 − x1 = x23 − x2
 x13 − x23 − x1 + x2 = 0
 ( x1 − x2 ) ( x12 + x1 x2 + x2 2 ) − ( x1 − x2 ) = 0
 ( x1 − x2 ) ( x12 + x1 x2 + x2 2 − 1) = 0
Now, x12 + x1 x2 + x2 2 − 1 = 0
− x2  x2 2 − 4 ( x2 2 − 1)
 x1 =
2
Here, D = x2 − 4 ( x2 2 − 1) = 4 − 3 x2 2
2

 3 3
Thus, for x2   − ,  , x1  , where x1  x2
 2 2 
 f is not one-one.
Let f ( x ) = y = x3 − x .
Interchanging x and y , we have y 3 − y − x = 0
We know that a third-degree equation always has a real root.
Thus, x  .
Hence, domain and codomain are equal.
 f is onto.
11.
NEXUS Relations & Functions

12.
f : → is given by f ( x ) =  x 
It is seen that f (1.2 ) = 1.2 = 1 , f (1.9 ) = 1.9 = 1
 f (1.2 ) = f (1.9 ) , but 1.2  1.9
 f is not one-one.
Now, consider 0.7 .
It is known that f ( x ) =  x  is always an integer.
Thus, there does not exist any element x  such that f ( x ) = 0.7 .
 f is not onto.
Hence, the greatest integer function is neither one-one nor onto
13.
Clearly f is both one-one and onto because if n is odd, values are set of all non-negative integers
and if n is even, values are set of all negative integers.
14.
1
f ( x) = 1 −
( x − 2)
2 x 0 x−2
1
 0
x−2
1
 −  1 − 1
( x − 2)
1
0  1− 
( x − 2)
 Range of f ( x )   0,  ) = co-domain
Hence, f ( x ) is surjective
1
Let, f ( x ) =
2
1 1
 1− =
x−2 2
1 1 1 1
1− = ,1− =−
( x − 2) 2 ( x − 2) 2
1 1 1 3
= , =
x−2 2 x−2 2
8
x = 4, x =
3
8 1
 f ( 4) = f   =
3 2
 f ( x ) is many-one ( not injective )
NEXUS Relations & Functions

15.
1 − cos 2 x
The given function is f : 0,   → 0, 1 defined as f ( x ) = = sin 2 x .
2
We can immediately see that sin 0 = sin  = 0 , so the given function is a many-one function.
We know that the range of sin x is  0, 1 ,
So, the range of sin 2 x is also  0, 1 , which is equal to the given codomain,
So, the given function is an onto function.
16.

17.
x
Gicen that: f :[0, ) → [0, ), f ( x) =
1+ x
Let f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
x1 x
 = 2
x1 + 1 1 + x2
 x1 x2 + x1 = x1 x2 + x2
 x1 = x2
Thus, f ( x) is one-one function
x
Now, let y =
1+ x
 y + yx = x
y
x=
1− y
y
as x  0, 0
1− y
y
 0
y −1
 0  y  1 or range of f ( x) is [0,1)
Thus, f ( x) is onto.
NEXUS Relations & Functions

18.
f (2) = f (31/ 4 ) = 0
 f ( x) is many-one function
Also, f ( x)  3  x  R
 f ( x) is into function.

19.
We have f : → , where f ( x ) = ( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3)
Clearly f (1) = f ( 2 ) = f ( 3) = 0.
So, f ( x ) is many-one.
Also, when x approaches to infinity, f ( x ) approaches to infinity
and when x approaches to negative infinity, f ( x ) approaches to negative infinity.
Since, polynomial function continuously exists for all real x,
Given function f ( x ) takes all real values.
Hence, range of the f ( x ) is .
Therefore, f ( x ) is onto.

20.
f ( x ) = e x + cos x
2

Clearly, f (1) = f ( −1) , f ( 2 ) = f ( −2 ) etc.

So, f ( x ) is many-one.
Range of e x is [1,  ) and range of cos x is [-1, 1].
2

Thus, f ( x ) does not take negative values.

Hence f ( x ) is into.

21.
We have , f :[ −1,1] → [ −1,1], where f ( x) = x x
 x 2 ; x  0
Now, f ( x) =  2
− x ; x  0

From the graph we observe that f (x) is one-one as there is no horizontal line which intersect the
curve more than once.
Also, we observe that the range is [−1,1]. Hence f (x) is onto.
Thus f (x) bijective.
NEXUS Relations & Functions

22.

23.
f ( x) = sgn( x − x 4 + x 7 − x8 − 1)
For x  (0,1)
x − 1  0, x 7 − x 4  0
 x − x 4 + x 7 − x8 − 1  0
For x  (1, )
x  x 4 , x 7  x8
 x − x 4 + x 7 − x8 − 1  0
Also, for x = 1
x − x 4 + x 7 − x 8 − 1 = −1
Thus, x − x 4 + x 7 − x8 − 1  0 for all x  R +
Hence, sgn(x − x 4 + x 7 − x8 − 1) = −1 for all x  R +
Therefore, f ( x) is many-one into.

24.
f ( x ) = [sin x]
For all real values of ‘x’
Sin x gives values between −1 and 1
Thus, all integers between them will be range of [sin x]
Thus S  −1,0,1
25.
The given function is f : → A defined as
f ( x ) = 5sin x + 12cos x .
We know that
− 52 + 122  5sin x + 12cos x  52 + 122
 − 13  5sin x + 12cos x  13
 0  5sin x + 12cos x  13
 5sin x + 12cos x   0, 13
So, range = A = 0, 13 .
NEXUS Relations & Functions

26.
x2
f : R → A, f ( x) =
x2 + 1
Here domain is all real numbers.
Since f ( x) is onto, range must be same as codomain (A).
1
f ( x) = 1 −
x +1 2

Now x + 1  1  x  .
2

1
0 1
x +1
2

1
 −1  − 2 0
x +1
1
 0  1− 2 1
x +1
Thus, range is  0,1) .
Hence codomain A =  0,1) .

27.
g ( x) is surjective if
1 x2 − k
 1  x
2 1 + x2
1 (k + 1)
or  1 − 2 1  x
2 x +1
1 (k + 1)
or −  − 2  0  x
2 x +1
(k + 1) 1
or 0  2   x
x +1 2
or k + 1  0
So, k  −1 ....(i )
k +1 1
and 2   x
x +1 2
 x 2 − ( 2k + 1)  0  x 
 4 ( 2k + 1)  0
1
k  −
2
From (1) and (2),
 1
k   −1, − 
 2
28.
f ( x) = log10 ( 3x 2 − 4 x + k + 1 + 10 )
If f ( x) is surjective, then range of f ( x) must be [1,)
 Range of 3 x 2 − 4 x + k + 1 + 10  [10, )
NEXUS Relations & Functions

 Range of 3x 2 − 4 x + k + 1  [0, )
D=0
 16 − 12( k + 1) = 0
 4 − 3k − 3 = 0
1
k=
3
29.
A = {1, 2} ⇒ n(A) = 2
and B = {3, 4, 5} ⇒ n(B) = 3
(i) Total number of functions from A to B = 32 = 9
(ii) Total number of one-one functions = 3! = 6
(iii) Total number of many -one functions = 9 - 6 = 3

30.
Set B has only 2 elements and domain has 3 elements, as definition of function says that each element
from domain has unique image in set B, so all 3 elements cannot have 3 different images in set B.
So, no injective mapping is possible
Number of one-one functions = 0

31.
We have, A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {4, 5, 6}
Total number of one-one functions from A to B = 3! = 6
Now, number of one-one functions when f (1)  4 , is 2! = 2
Thus, required number of one-one functions = 6 – 2 = 4

32.
Total number of functions = 35
(since each of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 can correspond to any of a, b or c)
The number of functions that corresponds to only one element of B is 3C1 x 15 and the number of
functions that correspond to at most two elements of B is 3C2 x 25.
Total number of onto functions = 35 - 3C2 x 25 + 3C1 x 15 = 243 - 96 + 3 = 150
(3C1 x 15 is repeated twice in 3C2 x 25)

33.
f : R → R, f ( x) = ( x + 1) 2
g : R → R, g ( x) = x 2 + 1
fog ( x) = f ( g ( x) = f ( x 2 + 1)
= ( x 2 + 1 + 1) 2 = ( x 2 + 2) 2
fog (−3) = (9 + 2) 2 = 121

34.
f ( x) = x 2 , g ( x) = x 2 + 1
fog ( x) = f ( g ( x) = f ( x − 7)
= ( x − 7) 2 = x 2 − 14 x + 49
NEXUS Relations & Functions

35.
We have, gof (2) = g ( f (2) = g (3) = 7
gof (3) = g ( f (3) = g (4) = 7
gof (4) = g ( f (4) = g (5) = 11
and gof (5) = g (5) = 11

36.
g ( x) = 1 + x and f ( g ( x)) = 3 + 2 x + x
( )
 f 1+ x = 3 + 2 x + x

Put 1+ x = y or x = ( y − 1) 2 . Then
f ( y ) = 3 + 2( y − 1) + ( y − 1) 2 = 2 + y 2
 f ( x) = 2 + x 2

37.
g ( x ) = 3x + 4
Domain of f(g(x)) will be
−3  3 x + 4  5
−5  3 x + 4  5
−9  3 x  1
1
−3  x 
3
38.
f ( x ) = 1 − x, x   −3,3 …(1)
−3  1 − x  3
−4  − x  2
−2  x  4 .....(2)
Taking common from (1) and (2)
Domain of fof (x) is given by x   −2,3

39.
(
is given as f ( x ) = 3 − x3 )
1/3
f : →

((3 − x ) ) ( )
1/3
 1/3 3 
 f o f ( x ) = f ( f ( x )) = f = 3 − ( 3 − x 3 ) = 3 − ( 3 − x 3 )  = ( x3 )
1/3
3 1/3 1/3
 =x
 
40.
1+ x 1+ x 2
Given f ( x ) = ln and g ( x ) = .
1− x 2x
1 + x2
1+
 1+ x 
2
2 x = ln x + 2 x + 1
2
f o g ( x ) = f ( g ( x )) = f   = ln
 2x  1 + x2 x2 − 2x + 1
1−
2x
(1 + x )
2
 1+ x  1+ x 1+ x
2 2

= ln = ln   = ln = 2 ln = 2 f ( x)
(1 − x )  1− x  1− x 1− x
2
NEXUS Relations & Functions

41.
1
f ( x) =
1− x
 
  1     1− x 
(
f f ( f ( x )) ) = f f  = f 
1− x 
1
 = f 
1− x −1
 1− 1 
 1− x 
 1− x   x −1  1 x
= f = f   = = =x
 −x   x  1− x −1 x − x +1
x
42.

43.

44.
f ( g ( x ) ) = a ( bx + a ) + b = abx + a 2 + b ....(i )
g ( f ( x ) ) = b ( ax + b ) + a = abx + b 2 + a ....(ii )
From (i) - (ii), we get
f ( g ( 20 ) ) − g ( f ( 20 ) ) = a 2 − b 2 + b − a
 ( a 2 − b 2 ) + ( b − a ) = 28
 ( a − b )( a + b − 1) = 28 = 1 28 or 2 14or4  7
If a − b = 1 and a + b − 1 = 28
Then a = 15; b = 14
If a − b = 2 and a + b − 1 = 14 (not possible)
If a − b = 4 and a + b − 1 = 7
Then a = 6 and b = 2
NEXUS Relations & Functions

45.

46.
f (g(x)) = g(f (x))
f (x) = (ax2 + b)3
If g(x) = f -1(x)
y1/3 − b
( )
3
y = ax 2 + b  =x
a
x1/ 3 − b
 g ( x) =
a
47.
2
3  1 1 1
f ( x) = x + x + =  x +  + 
2

4  2 2 2
g ( f ( x)) = ( f ( x)) + af ( x) + 1
2

For g ( f ( x) = 0,
 1 
a = −  f ( x) +   −2
 f ( x) 
 If a  −2, g ( f ( x)) = 0 has no solutions

48.
f ( g ( x )) =
rx
1 + ( r − 1) x
g ( f ( x ) ) = rx.
f ( g ( x )) = g ( f ( x ))
rx
 = rx
1 + ( r − 1) x
 1 
 rx 1 − =0
 1 + ( r − 1) x 
If this is to be true for infinitely many (all) x,
then r = 0 or r − 1 = 0
NEXUS Relations & Functions

49.
 x+3 x5 2 x + 1 x  2
Given f ( x ) =  and g ( x ) =  .
2 − x x5 x2
2
 x
f o g (1) = f ( g (1) ) = f (1) = 2 − (1) = 2 − 1 = 1
2

f o g ( 2 ) = f ( g ( 2 ) ) = f ( 2 ( 2 ) + 1) = f ( 5 ) = 2 − ( 5 ) = 2 − 25 = −23
2

( )
f o g ( 2− ) = f g ( 2− ) = f ( 2− ) = 2 − ( 2− ) = 2 − 4 = −2
2

f o g ( 2 ) = f ( g ( 2 ) ) = f ( 2 ( 2 ) + 1) = f ( 5 ) = 5
+ + + + +
+3=8

50.
(i) fog ( 2 ) = f ( g ( 2 ) ) = f (1) = 1
(ii) gof ( 2 ) = g ( f ( 2 ) ) = g ( 3) = 2

( )
(iii) fog (1− ) = f g (1− ) = f ( 2− ) = 4
(iv) fog ( 3 ) = f ( g ( 3 ) ) = f (1 ) = 1
+ + +

(v) gof ( 2 ) = g ( f ( 2 ) ) = g ( 4 ) = 2
− − −

(vi) gof ( 2 ) = g ( f ( 2 ) ) = g ( 3 ) = 1
+ + +

51.
log e x , 0  x  1 x +1 , x  2
f ( x) =  2 and g ( x ) =  2
x −1 , x  1 x −1 , x  2
 f ( x) + 1 ; f ( x)  2
g ( f ( x)) = 
( f ( x)) − 1 ; f ( x)  2
2

log e x + 1, log e x  2, 0  x  1
 2
 x − 1 + 1, x − 1  2, x  1
2

g ( f ( x)) = 
(log e x) − 1, log e x  2, 0  x  1
2

( x 2 − 1) 2 − 1, x 2 − 1  2, x  1

log e x + 1, x  e 2 , 0  x  1
 2
x , − 3  x  3, x  1
g ( f ( x)) = 
(log e x) − 1, x  e , 0  x  1
2 2

 2
( x − 1) − 1, x  − 3 or x  3, x  1
2

1 + log e x ; 0  x  1

g ( f ( x)) =  x 2 ; 1 x  3
 2
( x − 1) − 1 ; x  3
2

52.
In the case of g = ( 5, 4 ) , ( 6,3) , ( 7, 4 ) , (8, 2 ) , the domain elements 5 and 7 are both mapped to the
same codomain element 4. Hence, it is not one-one, and hence it is not a bijection. So, it does not
have an inverse.
Using similar arguments, the function g = ( 5,3) , ( 6,3) , ( 7,4 ) , (8,2 ) also does not have an inverse.
NEXUS Relations & Functions

The function g = ( 5,4 ) , ( 6,3) , ( 7,1) , (8,2 ) is both one-one and onto, and hence it is a bijection.
So, it has an inverse.
53.
It is given that f ( x ) = y = 35 x + 4 .
Interchanging x and y , we have
x = 35 y + 4
 log 3 x = 5 y + 4

 y=
( log3 x − 4 )
5
1  x
 y = log 3  
5  81 
1  x
 f − 1 ( x ) = log 3  
5  81 
54.
5 x + 5− x
It is given that f ( x ) = y = x .
5 − 5− x
Interchanging x and y , we have
5 y + 5− y
x = y −y
5 −5
x + 1 5 y + 5− y + 5 y − 5− y
 =
x − 1 5 y + 5− y − 5 y + 5 − y
x +1 5y
 =
x − 1 5− y
1  x +1
 y = log 5  
2  x −1 
1  x +1
 f −1 ( x ) = log 5  
2  x −1 
55.

56.
 1− x 
1−  
 1− x   1+ x 
Since gog(x) = g ( g ( x) = g  = = x, for all x
 1+ x  1+  1− x 
 
 1+ x 
So, inverse of g is g itself.
It can be clearly seen that fof ( x)  x and hoh( x)  x
NEXUS Relations & Functions

57.
3x + 5
It is given that f ( x ) = y = .
2x − 1
Interchanging x and y , we have
3y + 5
x=
2 y −1
 2 xy − x = 3 y + 5
 ( 2 x − 3) y = x + 5
x+5
 y=
2x − 3
x+5
 f −1 ( x ) =
2x − 3
58.
4x + 3
It is given that f ( x ) = y = .
6x − 4
Interchanging x and y , we have
4y + 3
x=
6y − 4
 6 xy − 4 x = 4 y + 3
4x + 3
 y=
6x − 4
4x + 3
 f −1 ( x ) =
6x − 4
59.
 4 4 4x
Given a function f : − −  → −   defined as f ( x ) = .
 3 3 3x + 4
Also given that g o f ( x ) = x , which means that g ( x ) = f −1 ( x ) .
4x
Let f ( x ) = y = .
3x + 4
Interchanging x and y , we have
4y
x=
3y + 4
 ( 3x − 4 ) y = − 4 x
4x
 y=
4 − 3x
4x
 f −1 ( x ) =
4 − 3x
4x
 g ( x) =
4 − 3x
4 7 28
 g (7) = =−
4 − 3 7 17
17
 − g (7) = g (7) = 7
4
NEXUS Relations & Functions

60.
Given a function f :  0,  ) → ( −, 5 defined by f ( x ) = 5 − 2 x 2 .
Let f ( x ) = y = 5 − 2 x 2 .
Interchanging x and y , we have
x = 5 − 2 y2
5− x
 y2 = .
2
5− x
 y=
2
5− x
Since f :  0,  ) → ( −, 5 , thus y = − is rejected.
2
5− x
Hence, f −1 ( x ) = .
2
61.
Given a function f :  0,  ) → ( −, 1 defined by f ( x ) = 1 − x 2 .
Let f ( x ) = y = 1 − x 2 .
Interchanging x and y , we have
x = 1− y2
 y2 = 1− x .
 y =  1− x
Since f :  0,  ) → ( −, 1 , thus y = − 1 − x is rejected.
Hence, f −1 ( x ) = 1 − x
f − 1 ( −3) = 1 − ( −3) = 4 = 2
f − 1 ( −7 ) = 1 − ( −7 ) = 8 = 2 2
f − 1 ( −8 ) = 1 − ( −8 ) = 9 = 3
f − 1 ( −48 ) = 1 − ( −48 ) = 49 = 7

62.
Given a function f : 1,  ) →  −1,  ) defined by f ( x ) = x 2 − 2 x .
Let f ( x ) = y = x 2 − 2 x .
Interchanging x and y , we have
x = y2 − 2 y
 y2 − 2 y − x = 0 .
2  4 + 4x
 y= = 1 1+ x
2
Now, for x = 3 , we get y = 1  1 + 3 = 1  2 = 3, − 1 .
Since f : 1,  ) →  −1,  ) , thus y = −1 is rejected.
Hence, f −1 ( x ) = 1 + 1 + x .
f −1 ( 255) = 1 + 1 + 255 = 1 + 16 = 17
NEXUS Relations & Functions

63.
x  
: f −1 ( x ) = f ( x )  x  : f ( f ( x )) = x 
f ( f ( x ) ) = f ( x ( x − 1) ) =  x ( x − 1)   x ( x − 1) − 1
= x ( x − 1)  x 2 − x − 1
Now, f ( f ( x ) ) = x
 x ( x − 1) ( x 2 − x − 1) = x
 x ( x3 − 2 x 2 ) = 0
 1 
 x = 2  x  ,
 2 
64.
f ( x ) and f −1 ( x ) intersect only on the line y = x
 x2 − x + 1 = x
 x2 − 2 x + 1 = 0
 ( x − 1) = 0
2

 x =1
65.
  11 
Given a function f :  ,   →  ,   defined by f ( x ) = x 2 − 5x + 9 .
2  4 
Also given that f ( x ) = x , which implies that f ( x ) = x .
−1

Hence, x 2 − 5 x + 9 = x
 x2 − 6 x + 9 = 0
 ( x − 3) = 0
2

 x=3

66.

67.
y = x2 − 4x + 3
Replace x  y
y2 − 4 y + 3 − x = 0
4  16 − 4 ( 3 − x )
y=
2
4  2 1+ x
y=
2
y = 2  1+ x
f −1 ( x ) = 2 + 1 + x or 2 − 1 + x
NEXUS Relations & Functions

But f −1  −1,  ) →  2,  )
Which is possible only with
f −1 ( x ) = 2 + 1 + x

68.
1
Given f ( x ) + 2 f   = 3x, x  0 …(1)
x
1
Replacing x by , we get the following.
x
1 3
f   + 2 f ( x) = …(2)
x x
Multiplying equation (2) by 2, we get
1 6
2 f   + 4 f ( x) = …(3)
x x
Solving equations (1) and (3), we get
1 1 6
2 f   + 4 f ( x ) − f ( x ) − 2 f   = − 3x
 x  x x
2 
 3 f ( x ) = 3 − x 
x 
2
 f ( x) = − x
x
69.
Given 3 f ( x ) + 2 f (1 − x ) = x 2 …(1)
Replacing x by 1 − x , we get the following.
3 f (1 − x ) + 2 f ( x ) = (1 − x )
2
…(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 2, we get
9 f ( x ) + 6 f (1 − x ) = 3x 2 …(3)
6 f (1 − x ) + 4 f ( x ) = 2 (1 − x )
2
…(4)
Solving equations (3) and (4), we get
9 f ( x ) + 6 f (1 − x ) − 6 f (1 − x ) − 4 f ( x ) = 3x 2 − 2 (1 − x )
2

 5 f ( x ) = 3x 2 − 2 − 2 x 2 + 4 x
x2 + 4 x − 2
 f ( x) =
5
(1) + 4 (1) − 2 1 + 4 − 2 3
2

f (1) = = =
5 5 5
( 2 ) + 4 ( 2 ) − 2 4 + 8 − 2 10
2

f ( 2) = = = =2
5 5 5
2
1 1
  + 4  − 2 1 + 2 − 2
1
f  =  2
2 1
= 4 =
2 5 5 20
(100 ) + 4 (100 ) − 2
2
10000 + 400 − 2 10398
f (100 ) = = = = 2079.6
5 5 5
NEXUS Relations & Functions

70.
1
Given 3 f ( x ) + 4 f   = x, x  0 …(1)
x
1
Replacing x by , we get the following.
x
1 1
3 f   + 4 f ( x) = …(2)
x x
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 4, we get the following.
1
9 f ( x ) + 12 f   = 3 x …(3)
x
1 4
12 f   + 16 f ( x ) = …(4)
x x
Solving equations (1) and (3), we get
1 1 4
12 f   + 16 f ( x ) − 9 f ( x ) − 12 f   = − 3x
 x  x x
4
 7 f ( x ) = − 3x
x
14 
 f ( x ) =  − 3x 
7 x 
−1
1 4 
 ( f (1) )
−1
=  − 3 (1)  
 7  (1) 
  
−1
1 
=  ( 4 − 3) 
7 
−1
1
=  =7
7
71.
 2002 
f ( x) + 2 f   = 3x
 x 
2002
Replace x → thus
x
 2002   2002 
f  + 2 f ( x) = 3 
 x   x 
Solving both we get
6 ( 2002 )
3 f ( x) = − 3x
x
4004
f ( x) = −x
x
4004 − x 2
f ( x) =
x
NEXUS Relations & Functions

72.
 1  1 1
f  x +  + f  x −  = 2 f ( x ) f    x, y  R
 y  y  y
Given: f (0) = 0
1
Putting x = 0, y = , we get
x
f ( x) + f (− x) = 2 f (0) f ( x)
 f ( x) + f (− x) = 0
 f ( x) = − f (− x)
Putting x = 1, y = −1, we get
f (2) + f (0) = 2  f (1) 
2

 f (2) = 2  f (1) 
2

Putting x = −1, y = −1, we get

f (−2) = 2 f (−1) f (−1)
 − f (2) = 2( f (1)) 2
 f (2) = − f (2)
 f (2) = 0
 f (1) = 0
 f (1) = f (2) = 0
 f (1) + f (2) = 0

73.
NEXUS Relations & Functions

74.
We have, f ( x − f ( y )) = f ( f ( y )) + xf ( y ) + f ( x) − 1 .....(1)
Put x = f ( y ) = 0
Then f (0) = f (0) + 0 + f (0) − 1
 f (0) = 1
Putting y = f ( x)
 f (0) = f ( x) + x 2 + f ( x) − 1
x2
Hence, f ( x) = 1 −
2
75.
1
Put y =
x
1 1
 2 + f ( x ) f   = f ( x) + f   + f (1) ....(1)
 x  x
Now put x = 1
 2 + (f (1))2 = 3 f (1)
 f (1) = 1 or 2
But f (1)  1, otherwise from the given relation 2 + f (x) f (1) = f (x) + f (1) + f (x) or f (x) =1,
which is not possible as given that f (2) = 5.
Hence, f (1) = 2.
1 1
 From (1), we have f (x) f   = f ( x) + f  
x  x
 f ( x) =  x n + 1
 f (2) =  2n + 1 = 5

 2n = 4
n=2
 f (x) = x2 + 1
 f (f (2)) = f (5) = 26
NEXUS Relations & Functions

76.

77.

78.
9x
f ( x) = ….. (1)
9x + 3
91− x
and f (1 − x ) = 1− x
9 +3
9
9
 f (1 − x ) = 9
x
=
9
+ 3 9 + 3.9 x
9x
NEXUS Relations & Functions

3
 f (1 − x ) = ….. (2)
( 3 + 9x )
Adding (1) and (2), we get
9x 3
f ( x) + f (1 − x) = + =1
(
9 + 3 3 + 9x
x
)
 f ( x) + f (1 − x) = 1

79.

80.