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TensorDyadics Annotated

The document discusses tensors and dyadics, focusing on their definitions, properties, and operations in three-dimensional space. It explains how vectors and dyadics are represented, transformed, and manipulated, including their algebraic properties and applications in dynamics. Additionally, it touches on higher-order tensors and their representation in multi-dimensional arrays for complex analyses.

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ebrahim59123
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5 views14 pages

TensorDyadics Annotated

The document discusses tensors and dyadics, focusing on their definitions, properties, and operations in three-dimensional space. It explains how vectors and dyadics are represented, transformed, and manipulated, including their algebraic properties and applications in dynamics. Additionally, it touches on higher-order tensors and their representation in multi-dimensional arrays for complex analyses.

Uploaded by

ebrahim59123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Tensors and Dyadics

Dynamics: Tensors and Dyadics


© 2021 Mayuresh Patil. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ [email protected]
3D Vector
• A quantity with magnitude and direction in 3D
• A quantity represented by three components along three (orthogonal) unit
vectors in an axis system
• The components of the vector are transformed using a transformation (direction
cosine) matrix.
• Using index notation (implied summation of repeated indices):

• Transformation Equations (using index notation)

• Vector is a first order Tensor


Vector Multiplication
• Dot (scalar) Product:

• Cross (vector) Product:

• Dyadic

• Dyadics do not have to be formed from just two vectors


• Most dyadic are not just a product of two vector, they are the sum of products of two
vectors.
• Most generally written in terms of sum of product of all possible combinations of unit vectors
• is a unit vector and is a dyad (basis for dyadics)
Dyadic
• Consider two vectors

• A dyadic can be written and expanded as

where,

• is the most general representation of a dyadic


• The components of the dyadic need not come from a product of components two vectors but
may be obtained directly
• Vectors are represented by a column matrix of its components, while
dyadic by a square matrix of its components
• You should know the unit vectors or axis system being used to make sense of it
Various Orders of 3D Tensor
(and corresponding Coordinate Transformations)
• Zeroth Order: Scalar

• First Order: Vector

• Second Order: Second Order Tensor or Dyadic

• Fourth Order: Fourth Order Tensor


Dyadic or 2nd Order 3D Tensor
• A quantity represented by 32 components along three unit vectors each of two
sets of axis system
• The two sets of unit vectors do not have to be the same, but they most often are
• The 9 numbers are typically written as a matrix with the first index giving the row number
and the second index giving the column number
• The components of the 2nd order tensor are transformed using a transformation
matrix, but we need two of them to take care of the two sets of axis systems
• Again, you can transform each axis system independently but most often you only have one
set transforming into the new set
• The equations can be written in an index notation as well as matrix multiplication
form as
Dyadic Algebra
• Sum of dyadics is a dyadic (commutative and associative)

(using same axis system)

• Product of dyadic with scalar is a dyadic (distributive)

(using same axis system)


• Dot product of a dyadic with a vector is a vector (distributive and associative but
not commutative)

(unless D is a symmetric tensor)


• Dot product of dyadic with a dyadic is a dyadic (associative and distributive but
not commutative)

(its matrix multiplication)


Unit Dyadic or Unit Tensor
• Defined as:

• Dot product with the any vector is the same vector

• Dot product with the any tensor is the same tensor

• The matrix of components of the unit dyadic is the identity matrix in any axis
system (assuming the basis is orthogonal unit vectors)
• Note: Unit Dyadic is not the same as Dyad
Vector Triple Product
• Known identity:

• Write in terms of dyadic-vector dot product


Angular Momentum and Moment of Inertia in
Tensor Form (Vector-Dyadic)
• Using the vector triple product identity

• Moment of Inertia is thus a Dyadic given by:

• The components of the dyadic in different frames is given by


Rotation Dyadic or Rotation Tensor
• We can rotate a vector by taking a dot product with a rotation tensor.
• For two reference frames with unit vectors in the initial frame and unit vectors
in the deformed frame :

• We can write the components of the dyadic in a single frame as

where,

• The components of the rotation tensor in either the initial or rotated frame give
you the direction cosine matrix (or its transpose)
Higher Order Tensors
• Not as easy to represent as planar matrices – you represent them as arrays in n
dimensions
• Not as easy to write dot products as just positioning to the left or right only for
dot products along the first or last index
• We thus use index notation to do most of the work
• Example: Material Stiffness Tensor is a 4 th order tensor and thus the components
of the stiffness can be represented as a 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 array in a given axis system.
• You can easily transform the tensor to be represented in another axis system using the tensor
transformation equation – for example, it is common in structural analysis of composites to
prescribe the stiffness in the material frame but then transform it to the structural analysis
frame during analysis.

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