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    Advanced Electronic Components

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    prem_chandran
    This document provides an introduction to advanced electronic components, including sensors, actuators, transistors, and relays. It discusses various types of sensors that can be used as inputs, such as temperature, acceleration, and distance sensors. It also covers actuators that can be used as outputs, such as motors, pneumatics, and solenoids. The document provides guidance on reading sensor values, amplifying current for actuators, and calculating resistors for LEDs. It aims to expand knowledge of physical computing components beyond basic sensors and actuators.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Advanced Electronic Components

    Uploaded by

    prem_chandran
    162 views17 pages
    This document provides an introduction to advanced electronic components, including sensors, actuators, transistors, and relays. It discusses various types of sensors that can be used as inputs, such as temperature, acceleration, and distance sensors. It also covers actuators that can be used as outputs, such as motors, pneumatics, and solenoids. The document provides guidance on reading sensor values, amplifying current for actuators, and calculating resistors for LEDs. It aims to expand knowledge of physical computing components beyond basic sensors and actuators.

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    This document provides an introduction to advanced electronic components, including sensors, actuators, transistors, and relays. It discusses various types of sensors that can be used as inputs, such as temperature, acceleration, and distance sensors. It also covers actuators that can be used as outputs, such as motors, pneumatics, and solenoids. The document provides guidance on reading sensor values, amplifying current for actuators, and calculating resistors for LEDs. It aims to expand knowledge of physical computing components beyond basic sensors and actuators.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    162 views17 pages

    Advanced Electronic Components

    Uploaded by

    prem_chandran
    This document provides an introduction to advanced electronic components, including sensors, actuators, transistors, and relays. It discusses various types of sensors that can be used as inputs, such as temperature, acceleration, and distance sensors. It also covers actuators that can be used as outputs, such as motors, pneumatics, and solenoids. The document provides guidance on reading sensor values, amplifying current for actuators, and calculating resistors for LEDs. It aims to expand knowledge of physical computing components beyond basic sensors and actuators.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    Introduction to some advanced electronic components

    Physical Computing 2009

    By Farshid Jafari Harandi

    Todays topics
    More on sensors as input More on actuators as output More info on Transistors, Relays, LEDs
    Pictures from: http://www.robotroom.com/Pumpkin3.html http://www.parallax.com/ http://www.psartus.com/products/actuators.htm

    Sensors as input
    New sensors bring opportunities to develop initiative products/prototypes. iPhone games with accelerometers
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_brEsQlJlnE

    Gyromouse
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tj2vxWkHW1Q

    How sensors work


    Sensors measure real world factors and translate them into corresponding electric signals.

    Inputs such as Temperature Acceleration Magnetic field

    Translate

    Outputs such as Analog voltage Current PWM output Serial interfaces

    How to read sensors?


    Analog voltage / current: Analog voltage (0 to 5v) can be read by Arduinos analog input

    Current can be converted to analog voltage

    Picture from: http://archives.sensorsmag.com/articles/0900/17/main.shtml

    How to read sensors?


    PWM: Varying duty cycle

    Read by Pulsein(); command

    How to read sensors?


    Serial interfaces: Transfer data using less number of wires Ready-made and built in codes to read them:
    I2C/Two wire UART (Soft /Hardware) 1 Wire SPI CAN

    Sensors
    Microphone Realtime Audio Processing Loopback Phasor Reverb

    Picture and reference: http://interface.khm.de/index.php/lab/experiments/arduino-realtime-audio-processing/

    Sensors
    Distance measurement
    Ultrasonic (Parallax Ping, 2cm3m, Serial interface) IR distance meters (Sharp GP2D12, 10-80cm, Analog) 3D Laser Scanners (Hokuyo URL04X, 240 2cm-5.6m,Uart)
    Pictures from: http://www.wanyrobotics.com/ http://www.trossenrobotics.com/ http://www.parallax.com/

    Sensors
    Presence detectors
    Passive infrared sensor (Human, 7m, Digital)

    Reed switch (Magnetic, 5mm, Digital)

    IR proximity sensor (IR, 2-10cm, Digital)


    Pictures from: http://www.parallax.com/ http://www.dextermag.cn/ http://www.pololu.com/

    Sensors
    Position sensor
    GPS LS20031 Open space 5Hz UART Absolute position
    Picture from: http://www.sparkfun.com/

    Sensors
    Compass sensor Digital Magnetic compass CMPS03 Uses the Earth magnetic field Outputs timing pulse and I2C

    Picture from: http://www.robot-electronics.co.uk/acatalog/Whoops.html

    Sensors
    Tilt sensor Mechanical tilt switch Two contacts and a metal ball inside Acts like a switch

    Picture from: http://www.coolcomponents.co.uk/

    Sensors
    Pitch/yaw/roll sensor 3 Axis Accelerometer MMA7260QT 1.5/2/4/6 g Angle in steady state 3 Analog outputs
    Pictures from: http://www.pololu.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/

    Sensors
    Gyroscopic effect sensor 1-Axis Gyroscope LISY300AL 300/s Rate of rotation around a particular axis Outputs analog voltage
    More on Gyros and Accelerometers: http://diydrones.com/profiles/blog/show?id=705844:BlogPost:41145&page=1#comment-705844_Comment_41399 Pictures from: http://www.pololu.com/

    Sensors
    Temperature Temperature meter LM35 40C to +110C 10 mV/Deg C Outputs analog voltage

    Picture from: http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/

    Sensors
    Temperature Resistance temperature detector, a variable resistor Thermocouple, millivolt level voltage Thermistor, a variable resistor

    More sensors
    Flow meters Smoke/gas detectors Optical interrupters Vision/camera Weight And even more

    Concerns with sensors


    Calibration/ offset Noise Drift Resolution Hysteresis Non-linearity

    Actuators
    Brushed/brushless/servo/stepper DC motors Single/three phase AC motors Linear motors Hydraulics Pneumatics Solenoids or magnetic actuators (attraction/ repulsion) etc.

    10

    Concerns with actuators


    Providing high amounts of current Taking care of back-EMF Timing And more

    Back EMF
    With inductive loads: Place a fast recovery diode in reverse bias across the load Examples of inductive loads: Motors Relays

    11

    Current amplification
    Relays

    Transistors: BJT or MOSFET Drivers


    Pictures from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-bridge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor

    Current amplification guide


    Load draws more than 40mA? Current amplification is needed

    12

    Current amplification guide


    Loads with less than 200mA Use transistors such as: 2N2222 BC547
    For resistive loads diode can be omitted

    Current amplification guide


    Loads with less than 500mA Use ICs such as: ULN2003 ULN2803
    Internal protection diodes

    13

    Current amplification guide


    Loads with more than 500mA Use transistors such as:
    BD167 up to 1.5A 2N3055 up to 15A
    (needs a different resistor)

    IRF540 up to 33A
    (requires V+ to be more than 12V)

    IPS series

    Current amplification guide


    Loads with more than 500mA Use relays
    Note that some relays draw more than 40mA!

    14

    LED/resistor matching
    How to calculate the proper resistor for a Single LED Number of LEDs
    In series In parallel

    Tips
    Loose connections, use soldering! Use multimeter to check continuity

    15

    Sources
    Sensors : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sensors http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensors Actuators : http://www.eod.gvsu.edu/eod/mechtron/mechtro n-145.html Modern Control Technology - Components and Systems, 2nd edition, Christopher T. Kilian, ISBN : 1401858066

    Questions ?

    16

    THE END

    17

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