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Computer_Components_and_Functions

The document describes the functions of key computer components such as the CPU, RAM, and BIOS, detailing their roles in processing and managing data. It also outlines various internal components, connectors, and the machine cycle, highlighting their importance in computer operation. Additionally, it compares different types of monitors, cables, and storage devices, emphasizing their technological differences and functionalities.

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2 views

Computer_Components_and_Functions

The document describes the functions of key computer components such as the CPU, RAM, and BIOS, detailing their roles in processing and managing data. It also outlines various internal components, connectors, and the machine cycle, highlighting their importance in computer operation. Additionally, it compares different types of monitors, cables, and storage devices, emphasizing their technological differences and functionalities.

Uploaded by

wafiqmohameddoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Components and Functions

Question 1a: Describe the Functions of the Following Components


- CPU (Central Processing Unit): Known as the brain of a computer, the CPU executes the
instructions received from programs running on the system. It handles a variety of tasks,
such as arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations.

- RAM (Random Access Memory): A temporary storage site for active data that the CPU uses
or processes. It is much faster than a hard drive and allows for quick access and
manipulation of data.

- Chipset: Facilitates communication between the CPU and other components such as
memory and peripheral devices. The type of chipset affects system performance and
hardware compatibility.

- BIOS (Basic Input/Output System): Responsible for booting up the computer and
initializing hardware components before loading the operating system.

- Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts AC power from the outlet into DC power, which is
necessary to power the components inside the computer.

Question 1b: List and Describe Five Internal Components


- GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): Specializes in rendering images, video, and 3D graphics,
particularly useful in gaming and graphic design.

- Heatsink: A passive component that dissipates heat generated by the CPU, preventing
overheating.

- SSD (Solid-State Drive): A storage device that uses flash memory for faster data access and
retrieval compared to traditional hard drives.

- NIC (Network Interface Card): Enables the computer to connect to a network, allowing
communication with other devices and access to the internet.

- CMOS Battery: Provides power to the BIOS firmware, preserving system configuration
settings, such as the date and time, during system shutdowns.
Question 2: Explain the Function of the Following Connectors
- USB Connector: A standard connector that connects peripherals such as a keyboard,
mouse, and external hard drives, supporting both data transfer and device charging.

- HDMI Connector: Transmits high-definition video and audio from the computer to display
devices like monitors or TVs.

- VGA Connector: Transmits analog video signals from the computer to a display device, but
it has largely been replaced by digital alternatives.

- Ethernet Connector: Provides wired network connectivity, enabling data transfer between
the computer and a local area network (LAN).

- Audio Jack: Connects audio devices like headphones, speakers, and microphones for sound
input and output.

Question 3: What is a Machine Cycle?


A machine cycle is the process by which a computer executes an instruction. It includes four
stages:

1. Fetch: The CPU retrieves the instruction from memory.

2. Decode: The instruction is translated into signals the computer understands.

3. Execute: The CPU performs the operation indicated by the instruction.

4. Store: The result is saved back to memory for future use.

Question 4: Complete the Diagram


- Central Processing Unit (CPU): Executes instructions.

- Input Devices: Devices like keyboards and mice, used to input data into the CPU.

- Output Devices: Devices like monitors and printers, used to receive data from the CPU.

- Main Memory (RAM): Temporary storage for data and programs during execution.

- ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs mathematical and logical operations.

- CU (Control Unit): Manages and coordinates CPU activities.


- Secondary Storage: Stores data permanently (e.g., hard drives, SSDs).

Question 5: Four Features of the PCI Bus


1. High Bandwidth: Provides fast communication between components.

2. Plug and Play: Devices connected to the PCI bus are configured automatically.

3. Peripheral Support: Supports a variety of peripherals such as graphics cards and sound
cards.

4. Multiple Device Support: Can handle multiple devices without a significant performance
drop.

Question 6: Differences Between CRT and LCD Monitors


- Technology: CRTs use cathode ray tubes, while LCDs use liquid crystal displays.

- Size and Weight: CRTs are bulky and heavy, while LCDs are slim and lightweight.

- Power Consumption: CRTs consume more power than LCDs, which are more energy-
efficient.

**Comparison:**

- Screen Resolution: LCD monitors typically offer higher screen resolution compared to
CRTs.

- Durability: CRTs are more robust, while LCDs are more fragile and prone to breakage.

Question 7: Compare RCA/Coaxial Cable, USB Cable, and Ethernet Cable


- RCA/Coaxial Cable: Used to carry analog audio and video signals in older systems.

- USB Cable: Used for data transfer and power supply between computers and peripherals
like smartphones, keyboards, and storage devices.

- Ethernet Cable: Used for wired internet connectivity and data transfer within a local area
network (LAN).
Question 8: Differences Between Floppy Drive, Hard Drive, and Flash
Drive
- Floppy Drive: An outdated storage device with a low capacity, used for reading and writing
data on floppy disks.

- Hard Drive: A large-capacity storage device that uses magnetic disks or flash memory to
store data permanently.

- Flash Drive: A portable data storage device that uses flash memory for quick and efficient
data transfer, much faster than floppy drives.

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