Department of

Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

PE - 1 : Internet of Things Analytics UAME0524

Unit – IV
IOT PHYSICAL SERVERS AND CLOUD OFFERINGS
 What Is Cloud Computing?
✓ Cloud Computing means storing and accessing the data and programs on remote servers that are hosted on the
internet instead of the computer’s hard drive or local server. Cloud computing is also referred to as Internet-
based computing, it is a technology where the resource is provided as a service through the Internet to the user.
The data that is stored can be files, images, documents, or any other storable document.

The following are some of the Operations that can be

performed with Cloud Computing

1. Storage, backup, and recovery of data

2. Delivery of software on demand
3. Development of new applications and services
4. Streaming videos and audio

Introduction To Internet Of Things

Understanding How Cloud Computing Works

Cloud computing helps users in easily accessing computing resources like storage, and
processing over internet rather than local hardware's. Here we discussing how it works
in nutshell:
1. Infrastructure: Cloud computing depends on remote network servers hosted on
internet for store, manage, and process the data.
2. On-Demand Access: Users can access cloud services and resources based on-
demand they can scale up or down the without having to invest for physical
hardware.
3. Types of Services: Cloud computing offers various benefits such as cost saving,
scalability, reliability and accessibility it reduces capital expenditures, improves
efficiency.
Architecture Of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing architecture refers to the

components and sub-components required for
cloud computing. These components typically
refer to:

1.Front end ( Fat client, Thin client)

2.Back-end platforms ( Servers, Storage )

3.Cloud-based delivery and a network ( Internet,

Intranet, Intercloud )
Cloud computing reference model
Types of Cloud Computing Services
 Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS )

Flexibility and Control: IaaS comes up with providing

virtualized computing resources such as VMs, Storage, and
networks facilitating users with control over the Operating system
and applications.
Reducing Expenses of Hardware: IaaS provides business cost
savings with the elimination of physical infrastructure
investments making it cost-effective.
Scalability of Resources: The cloud provides in scaling of
hardware resources up or down as per demand facilitating optimal
performance with cost efficiency.
Characteristics of IaaS are:

1. Scalability: IaaS enables users to adjust computing capacity according to their demands without requiring
long lead times or up-front hardware purchases.
2. Elasticity: IaaS allows users to dynamically modify their computing resources in response to shifting
demand, ensuring optimum performance and financial viability.
3. Self-Service: IaaS offers consumers "self-service" portals that let them independently deploy, administer,
and monitor their computing resources without the assistance of IT employees.
4. Security: To safeguard their infrastructure and client data, IaaS companies adopt security measures,
including data encryption, firewalls, access controls, and threat detection.
Characteristics of IaaS are:
1. Storage: Back-end storage services are provided by IaaS providers, enabling users to store and access their
files and data. This offers scalable and trustworthy storage solutions for a variety of use cases and can include
block storage, object storage, or file storage alternatives.
2. Load balancers: Infrastructure-layer load balancing services are provided by IaaS providers. Incoming
network traffic is split up among many virtual machines (VMs) or resources by load balancers, resulting in
effective resource management and excellent application and service availability.
3. Backup and disaster recovery services are provided by some IaaS providers, enabling customers to create
backup copies of their data and software and put recovery plans in place in the event of data loss or system
problems. This promotes business continuity and data security.
Advantages of IaaS Cloud Computing Layer

Shared infrastructure
Web access to the resources
Pay-as-per-use model
On-demand scalability
Platform as a Service ( PaaS )

Simplifying the Development: Platform as a Service offers

application development by keeping the underlying
Infrastructure as an Abstraction. It helps the developers to
completely focus on application logic ( Code ) and
background operations are completely managed by the AWS
platform.
Enhancing Efficiency and Productivity: PaaS lowers the
Management of Infrastructure complexity, speeding up the
Execution time and bringing the updates quickly to market by
streamlining the development process.
Automation of Scaling: Management of resource scaling,
guaranteeing the program’s workload efficiency is ensured by
PaaS.
Features of PaaS

a. Scalability : One of the best parts about PaaS is that it can automatically scale your apps up or down based on
demand. No more guessing how much infrastructure you’ll need! The platform is like a personal assistant for
your app, monitoring its workload and adjusting resources as required.
b. Development Tools
PaaS saves you from headaches by providing all the dev tools and environments you could ever need for your
app, all set up and configured for you out of the box.
c. Runtime Services
Now for the environment, your app actually needs to run and operate. The PaaS provides the full runtime system
already configured and ready to host your app once it’s developed.
 Public Cloud
✓ Public cloud is open to all to store and access information via
the Internet using the pay-per-usage method.
✓ In public cloud, computing resources are managed and
operated by the Cloud Service Provider (CSP). The CSP
looks after the supporting infrastructure and ensures that the
resources are accessible to and scalable for the users.
✓ Due to its open architecture, anyone with an internet
connection may use the public cloud, regardless of location
or company size. Users can use the CSP's numerous services,
store their data, and run apps.
✓ By using a pay-per-usage strategy, customers can be assured
that they will only be charged for the resources they actually
use, which is a smart financial choice.
Characteristics of Public Cloud

Accessibility: Public cloud services are available to anyone with an internet connection. Users can access their
data and programs at any time and from anywhere.
Shared Infrastructure: Several users share the infrastructure in public cloud settings. Cost reductions and
effective resource use are made possible by this.
Scalability: By using the public cloud, users can easily adjust the resources they need based on their
requirements, allowing for quick scaling up or down.
Pay-per-Usage: When using the public cloud, payment is based on usage, so users only pay for the resources they
actually use. This helps optimize costs and eliminates the need for upfront investments.
Managed by Service Providers: Cloud service providers manage and maintain public cloud infrastructure. They
handle hardware maintenance, software updates, and security tasks, relieving users of these responsibilities.
 Advantages of Public Cloud
1. Public cloud is owned at a lower cost than the private and hybrid cloud.
2. Public cloud is maintained by the cloud service provider, so do not need to worry about the maintenance.
3. Public cloud is easier to integrate. Hence it offers a better flexibility approach to consumers.
4. Public cloud is location independent because its services are delivered through the internet.
5. Public cloud is highly scalable as per the requirement of computing resources.
6. It is accessible by the general public, so there is no limit to the number of users.
7. Rapid deployment of services and applications.
8. Reduced time and effort in hardware procurement and setup.
9. The cloud provider offers a range of services and resources that you can avail of.
10. Built-in redundancy and resilience for enhanced reliability.
Disadvantages of Public Cloud

1. Public Cloud is less secure because resources are shared publicly.

2. Performance depends upon the high-speed internet network link to the cloud provider.
3. The data is not under the control of the client.
4. Dependency on the cloud service provider for availability and service level agreements.
5. Risk of vendor lock-in and limited portability of applications and data.
6. Concerns about data privacy and confidentiality.
7. Potential for unexpected costs with usage-based pricing models.
Private Cloud
Private cloud is also known as an internal cloud or corporate cloud. It is used by
organizations to build and manage their own data centers internally or by the third
party.
Examples: VMware vSphere, OpenStack, Microsoft Azure Stack, Oracle Cloud at
Customer, and IBM Cloud Private.
Based on the location and management, National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) divide private cloud into the following two parts-
1. On-premise private cloud: An on-premise private cloud is situated within the
physical infrastructure of the organization. It involves setting up and running a
specific data center that offers cloud services just for internal usage by the
company.
2. Outsourced private cloud: An outsourced private cloud involves partnering
with a third-party service provider to host and manage the cloud infrastructure
on behalf of the organization. The provider may operate the private cloud in
their data center or a colocation facility.
Characteristics of Private Cloud

1. Exclusive Use: Private cloud is dedicated to a single organization, ensuring the resources and
services are tailored to its needs. It is like having a personal cloud environment exclusively for
that organization.
2. Control and Security: Private cloud offers organizations higher control and security than public
cloud options. Organizations have more control over data governance, access controls, and
security measures.
3. Customization and Flexibility: Private cloud allows organizations to customize the
infrastructure according to their specific requirements. They can configure resources, networks,
and storage to optimize performance and efficiency.
4. Scalability and Resource Allocation: The private cloud can scale and allocate resources.
According to demand, businesses may scale up or down their infrastructure, effectively using
their resources.
Advantages of Private Cloud

1. Private cloud provides a high level of security and privacy to the users.
2. Private cloud offers better performance with improved speed and space capacity.
3. It allows the IT team to quickly allocate and deliver on-demand IT resources.
4. The organization has full control over the cloud because it is managed by the organization itself. So, there is
no need for the organization to depends on anybody.
5. It is suitable for organizations that require a separate cloud for their personal use and data security is the first
priority.
6. Higher reliability and uptime compared to public cloud environments.
Disadvantages of Private Cloud
1. Skilled people are required to manage and operate cloud services.
2. Private cloud is not suitable for organizations that have a high user base, and organizations that do not have
the prebuilt infrastructure, sufficient manpower to maintain and manage the cloud.
3. Higher upfront costs and ongoing maintenance expenses.
4. Scaling resources can be challenging compared to public or hybrid cloud options.
5. Relies on internal IT staff for management and troubleshooting.
6. Slower deployment timelines and implementation compared to public cloud solutions.
7. Challenges in keeping up with hardware and software upgrades and compatibility.
8. Higher risks of technology becoming outdated and the need for regular infrastructure updates.
Hybrid Cloud

✓ A hybrid cloud is a cloud computing environment

that uses a mix of on-premises, private cloud and
third-party public cloud services with orchestration
among these platforms.
✓ This environment typically involves a connection
from an on-premises data center to a public cloud.
✓ The connection can also involve other private assets,
including edge devices or additional cloud services,
such as storage.
How do hybrid clouds work?
✓ With hybrid cloud, enterprises deploy workloads in private IT environments or public clouds --
including IaaS, PaaS and SaaS -- and can often move workloads and data between them as
computing needs and costs change.
✓ A typical hybrid cloud can simultaneously involve the following common components:
1. Local. One or more applications deployed in a traditional local data center. These local workloads
are often mission critical where regulatory or business pressures require the enterprise to exert
direct control over the local infrastructure, applications and data.
2. Cloud. One or more applications and data stores deployed to a select region (data center) of a
public cloud provider. These deployments often reflect less critical or less used workloads and data
as well as short-term or experimental deployments.
Hybrid cloud architecture
Establishing a hybrid cloud requires the following four main components:

1. At least one public infrastructure as a service (IaaS) platform, such as AWS, Azure or Google.
2. Private computing resources, such as an on-premises data center, which typically includes some
private cloud capability.
3. An adequate network connection to the hybrid cloud's private and public cloud environments.
4. A common software platform capable of discovering, operating and managing private and public
cloud elements as a unified, highly automated, policy-driven environment.
HTTP
✓ Fundamentally, HTTP is a communication protocol that
enables clients (such as a web browser) and servers to share
information.
✓ For example, HTML documents, images, application data
(JSON), and more.
✓ HTTP follows the request-response messaging pattern where
the client makes a request and the web server sends a
response that includes not only the requested content, but also
relevant information about the request.
 Realtime updates with HTTP

✓ This pattern, where the client makes a request and

the server issues a response, works well for static
resources like web pages, files, or application data.
✓ However, consider a scenario where the client
doesn’t know when new information will become
available.
 Server-Sent Events

✓ SSE is a technology that provides

asynchronous communication with event
stream from server to the client over HTTP
for web applications.
✓ The server can send un-directional
messages/events to the client and can update
the client asynchronously.
✓ Server-sent event (SSE) enables servers to
send messages from the server to the client
without any polling or long-polling.
 WebSockets
✓ Like HTTP, WebSockets is a communication protocol that
enables clients (usually web browsers, hence the name) and
servers to communicate with one another

✓ Unlike HTTP with its request-response model, WebSockets

are specifically designed to enable realtime bi-directional
communication between the server and client.

✓ This means the server can push realtime updates (like

breaking news) as soon as they become available without
waiting for the client to issue a request.
 Web Application Messaging Protocol (WAMP)
✓ Tavendo is an open-source Germany-
based developer providing middleware
and leveraging WebSocket, enabling
developers to build next-generation
applications including web, mobile, and
Internet of Things (IoT) apps.
✓ One of the main benefits of using
Tavendo tools is its open-source nature
which means it’s widely available for
both commercial and closed source uses
and includes the ability to modify code
and add features for personal use as
required.
Web Application Messaging Protocol (WAMP)
✓ WAMP is a high-level messaging routed protocol for distributed applications
where the application components are distributed on multiple nodes and
communicate with messages.
✓ It was a subprotocol of websocket.
✓ Provides two messaging patterns: Publish & Subscribe and routed Remote
Procedure Calls.
✓ It uses WebSocket as default transport, but can be transmitted via any other
protocol that allows for ordered, reliable, bi-directional, and message-oriented
communications.
WAMP Session between Client and Router
The key concept of Wamp
✓ Transport: a channel that connects to peers. The default transport for Wamp is
WebSocket. It can run over other transports as well which supports message-based
reliable bi-directional communication.
✓ Session: A conversation between two peers that run over a transport.
✓ Client: Peers that can have one or more roles.
✓ In the publish-subscribe model, the client can have the following roles:-
1. Publisher: Publish events (including payload) to the topic maintained by the
broker.
2. Subscriber: Describes the topics and receives the event including the
payload.
The key concept of Wamp
In the RPC model clients have the following roles:
✓ caller: Issue calls to the remote procedure along with the call argument.
✓ callee: executes the procedure to which the calls are issued by the caller and returns the
result back to the caller.
✓ Routers: Peers that perform generic call and event routing. In the publish-subscribe model,
the Router has the role of a broker.
✓ Broker: Act as router and routes messages published to a topic to all Subscribers who
subscribe to the topic. in the RPC model router has the role of a broker:
✓ Dealer: Act as a Router and routes RPC call from the caller to the callee and route result
from callee to caller.
WAMP Protocol interaction between peers
WAMP:OVERVIEW

✓ WAMP sessions are established over web socket transport within the lifetime of
web socket transport.
✓ The client (in the publisher role) Runs a WAMP application component that
publishes a message to the router.
✓ The router (in the broker role) runs on the server and routes the message to the
subscriber. It decouples the publisher from the subscribers.
✓ The communication between publisher- broker and broker to publisher happens
over a WAMP web web-socket session
Advantages
✓ This protocol combines two patterns (Pub-Sub & RPC), allowing it to be used for
the entire messaging requirements of an application, reducing technology stack
complexity.
✓ Reduces networking overhead.
Disadvantages
✓ Not (yet) an official standard.
✓ No higher-level software architectural styles like REST (for now).
✓ Requires to deploy an additional component- the WAMP router. This additional
component increases the time that takes to exchange messages between
components compared to a direct WebSocket connection since all messages have
to go through the router.
Amazon Web Services for IOT

✓ AWS IoT provides the cloud services that

connect your IoT devices to other devices
and AWS cloud services.
✓ AWS IoT provides device software that
can help you integrate your IoT devices
into AWS IoT-based solutions.
✓ If your devices can connect to AWS IoT,
AWS IoT can connect them to the cloud
services that AWS provides.
AWS – IoT : Device Software
FreeRTOS:
✓ It is an open-source real-time operating system for embedded systems that can be
used in IoT.
✓ It is suitable for programming low-power systems, their deployment, security, and
connection.
✓ It is open and freely available under MIT open source license. It comes with a
kernel and set of suitable libraries which we would need for different sectors.
✓ Using Amazon FreeRTOS we can connect the low power devices with the cloud’s
powerful services. Free RTOS can be easily reused and has high reliability.
✓ It comes with the features like microcontrollers support, FreeRTOS console,
secure connection of devices, connectivity with cloud, etc.
AWS – IoT : Device Software
AWS IoT Greengrass:
✓ AWS IoT Greengrass is an open-source runtime for IoT edge devices and cloud
services.
✓ It is widely used by people in homes, factories, vehicles, and businesses. We can
easily build intelligent device software on IoT Greengrass.
✓ It comes with features like local processing, messaging, data management, and
other Machine learning interfaces.
✓ It also allows us to remotely manage the devices. It also makes the device smarter
over time by keeping it up-to-date.
AWS – IoT : Connectivity & Control Services
AWS IoT Core: AWS IOT core enables the IoT devices to securely and easily communicate with the
cloud. It can support up to billion devices easily. It can also process trillions of messages at once and
send them to suitable endpoints. It mainly helps devices that use protocols like MQTT over WSS to
publish their messages.

AWS IoT Device Defender: AWS IOT device defender is mainly used to secure a group of IoT
devices. It is responsible for the safety of IoT devices. It enforces the safety measures such as identity,
authentication, authorization of devices, and encryption of the device’s data.

AWS IoT Device Management: AWS IoT Device Management mainly helps in monitoring and
tracking IoT devices. It is very much useful for the management of IoT devices. Using this we can
remotely monitor the health of each device, problems with the devices, and necessary steps to be
taken.
AWS – IoT : Analytics Services
1. AWS IoT Events: As the name indicates AWS IOT Events helps the user to watch over the
devices by the events or notifications it sends. Its events are sent when an error occurs or when
any actions need to be triggered.
2. AWS IoT Analytics: AWS IOT Analytics mainly analyzes and scales the IoT data. It easily
supports up to petabytes of IoT data. So it is highly efficient. It eliminates the need to manage
complex IoT infrastructure and helps in building fast and responsive IoT applications.
3. AWS IoT SiteWise: AWS IoT Sitewise allows us to collect, model, and analyze the data from
the industrial IOT devices which are at scale. One can also gain insights into industrial
operations by configuring the suitable metrics using AWS IOT Sitewise.
4. AWS IoT ThingsGraph: AWS IoT Things Graph is used to connect web services and other
different devices visually for building IoT applications. It provides a drag and drop interface
which makes it easy to build IoT applications easily by connecting devices and web services
quickly.
Xively Cloud Services
✓ Xively is a system for deploying IoT applications on the cloud. It is offered as PaaS. Xively is basically a data
collection, management, and distribution infrastructure. It also provides APIs to connect and develop IoT
applications.
✓ Xively Python Libraries can also be used to embed python code as per the Xively APIs. A Xively Web
interface is provided to be used for easy implementation of the front-end interface.
✓ Xively also comes with multiple languages and platform support. We can implement HTTP protocols, APIs,
Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT). This makes device connectivity a lot easier with Xively
cloud.
✓ All the devices can be connected to Xively Cloud for real-time processing and archiving to the cloud. IoT
application developers can write the front end for IoT applications as per their requirements. This helps in the
convenient management of apps with Xively cloud and other APIs.
✓ Xively is very popular with companies that deal with IoT-based device manufacturing and development.
Companies using Xively can rely on the secure connectivity of devices as well as the seamless data
management capability.
How to use Xively?
1. Programmers or Developers have to register with Xively to use cloud services.
2. After registration and account creation, developers can create different devices for which he has to create an
IoT app. It can be easily done using the templates provided in the Web Interface of Xively.
3. Each connected device is allocated a unique FEED_ID. It specifies the data stream and metadata of the
connected device.
4. Once this is done permissions on the IoT devices are assigned using the available APIs. The available
permissions are Create, Update, Delete, and Read.
5. One or more bidirectional channels are created after we connect a device with Xively. Each channel is unique
to the device connected.
6. Xively cloud is connected with the help of these channels.
7. Xively APIs are used by IoT devices to create communication-enabled products.
Key Features of Xively

Device Management
✓ Xively offers extensive device management capabilities, allowing businesses to register, monitor, and control
their IoT devices remotely.
✓ This includes device provisioning, firmware updates, and real-time status monitoring. Effective device
management is essential for maintaining the health and functionality of IoT systems.

Data Integration and Analysis

✓ One of Xively’s core strengths is its ability to handle large volumes of data generated by IoT devices.
✓ The platform provides tools for collecting, storing, and analyzing data in real-time. This data can be used for
various purposes, including predictive maintenance, operational optimization, and customer insights.
Key Features of Xively
Security
✓ Security is paramount in IoT applications, and Xively addresses this with robust security features. This
includes data encryption, secure device authentication, and compliance with industry standards.
✓ Ensuring data integrity and protecting against unauthorized access are critical components of Xively’s
offerings.
API Integration
✓ Xively provides a set of APIs that allow developers to integrate IoT functionalities into their applications
seamlessly.
✓ These APIs support various programming languages and frameworks, making it easier for businesses to build
and scale their IoT solutions.
Scalability
✓ As businesses grow, so do their IoT needs. Xively is designed to scale with these needs, supporting a growing
number of devices and data streams.
✓ This scalability ensures that businesses can expand their IoT deployments without facing significant technical
challenges.
Uses of Xively
Smart Homes
• Xively can be used to power smart home devices, enabling features like remote control of appliances, energy management, and
home security. The platform supports seamless integration with various smart home ecosystems, enhancing convenience and
efficiency for homeowners.
Industrial IoT
• In industrial settings, Xively supports applications such as predictive maintenance, asset tracking, and environmental
monitoring. By providing real-time data and insights, businesses can optimize their industrial processes and reduce operational
risks.
Healthcare
• Xively’s platform can be utilized in healthcare for remote patient monitoring, connected medical devices, and health data
analytics. This can lead to better patient outcomes, improved healthcare services, and enhanced operational efficiency for
healthcare providers.
Agriculture
• In agriculture, Xively enables precision farming, livestock monitoring, and environmental sensing. By collecting and analyzing
data from connected sensors, farmers can make data-driven decisions, improve crop yields, and ensure sustainable farming
practices.
Future of Xively and IoT
Edge Computing
✓ Edge computing, which involves processing data closer to the source of generation, is set to revolutionize IoT.
✓ Xively is expected to incorporate edge computing capabilities, enabling faster data processing, reduced latency,
and improved real-time decision-making.
5G Connectivity
✓ The advent of 5G technology promises higher data transfer speeds and lower latency, which are critical for IoT
applications.
✓ Xively will likely leverage 5G connectivity to enhance its platform’s performance and support more
sophisticated IoT use cases.
Artificial Intelligence
✓ Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with IoT can unlock new possibilities, such as advanced predictive
analytics, automated decision-making, and enhanced machine learning capabilities.
✓ Xively is anticipated to incorporate AI-driven features to provide deeper insights and more autonomous IoT
solutions.
Django for an IoT Use-Case
✓ Django is a solid web framework and mostly called as battery included, which basically means the required
libraries for the development of a web application are in general available and easy to integrate.
✓ Since it facilitates the integration of the libraries, and it is widely utilized in many companies, the available
source code and documentation for the Django is written in a good quality.
Python Web Framework
✓ Python Web framework is a collection of packages or modules that allow developers to write Web applications
or services. With it, developers don’t need to handle low-level details like protocols, sockets or process/thread
management.

Python web framework featured with:

✓ Interpreting requests (getting form parameters, handling cookies and sessions,..)
✓ Producing responses (presenting data as HTML or in other formats,..)
✓ Storing data persistently (and other things)
Python Full-Stack Frameworks
1. Django
✓ Django Python is a framework for perfectionists with deadlines. With it, you can build better Web apps in much less time,
and in less code. Django is known for how it focusses on automating.
✓ Django was originally developed for content-management systems, but is now used for many kinds of web applications.
This is because of its templating, automatic database generation, DB access layer, and automatic admin interface
generation. It also provides a web server for development use.
✓ Giant companies that use Django Python are- Instagram, Pinterest, Disqus, Mozilla, The Washington Times, and Bitbucket.

2. web2py
✓ With web2py, one can develop, deploy, debug, test, administer the database, and maintain applications via the
provided web interface. It has no configuration files, and you can even run it off a USB drive.
✓ web2py uses the MVC (Model-View-Controller) built-in ticketing system to manage errors.
Python Full-Stack Frameworks

3. CubicWeb
✓ CubicWeb is a semantic web application framework that features a query language and a selection+view
mechanism. It also features multiple databases, security, workflows, and reusable components.

4. Giotto
✓ A strict MVC framework that strictly separates Model, View and Controller elements, Giotto makes sure that
designers, Web developers, and sysadmins can work independently. It also includes controller modules that
allow you to build applications on top of the web and the command line.
Thank You