CHAPTER : 1 – REAL NUMBERS

NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q.1 Use Euclid’s Division Algorithm to 102 =  51  2  0
find the H.C.F. of the following Here r = 0,
(i) 135 & 225  HCF to 867 and 255 is 51.
(ii) 196 & 38220 Ans. : H.C.F of 867 and 255 is 51
(iii) 867 & 255
Q.2 Show that any positive odd integers
(i)Sol. Given integers are 135 and 225, such that
is of the form 6q  1 or 6q+3 or
225 > 135

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6q  5 , where q is some integer..
Step 1 Apply Euclids division lemma to 225
Sol. Let a be any positive odd integer. Use
and 135
division algorithm with a and b = 6
225 = 135 × 1 + 90
we have a  6q  r , ( o  r  6 )

FL
Step 2 Here r  0 , so apply Euclid’s division
since o  r  6  r  o, 1, 2,3,4,5
lemma to 135 and 90
By putting r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, we
135 = 90 × 1 + 45
get
Step 3 Here r  0 , so apply Euclid’s division
a = 6q or a = 6q + 1 or
lemma to 90 and 45
R
6q + 2 or a = 6q + 3 or
90 = 45 × 2 + 0
a = 6q + 4 or a = 6q + 5
Here r = 0, so the HCF of 225 and
E
 a = 6q + 1 or a = 6q + 3
135 is 45.
or a = 6q + 5 are odd integers
Ans : HCF of 225 and 135 is 45
for any value of q and a = 6q
IT

(ii)Sol. Given integers are 196 and 38220, such

or a = 6q + 2 or a = 6q + 4
that 38220 > 196
are even.
Step 1 Apply Euclid’s division lemma to 38220
Ans. : any odd integer a is of the form
and 196
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6q  1 or 6q  3 or 6q  5
38220 = 196 × 195 + 0
Here r = 0, so HCF 38220 and 196 is
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Q.3 An army contingent of 616 members

196
is to march behind any army band of
Ans : HCF of 38220 and 196 is 196
32 members in a parade the two
(iii)Sol. Given integers are 867 and 225, such
groups are to march in the same no
that 867 > 255.
of columns. What is the maximum
Step 1 Apply Euclid’s division lemma to 255
number of columns in which they can
and 867
march.
867 = 3  255  102
Sol. It is clear from the question the maximum
Step 2 Here r  0 so apply Euclids division
number of columns will be the HCF of
lemma to 102 and 255
616 & 32.
255 = 102   2  51
Step 1 Applying Eculids Division Lemma to 32
Step3 Here r  0 , so apply Euclid’s division
and 162
lemma to 51 to 102
616 = 19 × 32 + 8

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Step 2 Here r  0 . Applying Euclid’s Division 3
x3   3q   27q 3  9  3q 2   9m
Lemma to 8 and 32.
(where m  3q 2 )
32 = 8 × 4 + 0
Step 3 Here r = 0.  HCF of 616 ad 32 is 8 Case 2, when x   3q  1 , then
3
Ans. Maximum No. of Columns required x 3   3q  1  27 q3  27 q 2  9q  1
is 8.
x3  9q  3q 2  3q  1  1 9m  1
Q.4 Use Euclid’s Division Algorithm to
( where m  q  3q  3q  1
2
show that square of any positive
integer is either of the form 3m or Case 3, when x   3q  2  , then
3m+1 for some integer m. 3
x 3   3q  2   27q 3  54q 2  36q  8

IX
Sol. Let a be any positive integer. We know
x 3  9q  3q 2  6q  4   8  9m  8
any positive integers is of the form
where ( m  q  3q  6q  4 
2
3q or 3q + 1 or 3q + 2.

FL
Case1:When a = 3q, then Ans : Hence x3 is either of the form
2
a 2   3q   9q 2  3   3q 2  9m or, 9m  1 or 9m  8 .

 3m m  3q 2 
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Case2:When a = (3q + 1), then
2
a 2   3q  1  9q 2  1  6q
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 9q 2  6q  1

 9q 2  6q  1  3  3q 2  2q   1
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 3m  1m  3q 2  2q 

Case3:When a = (3q + 2), in this case

2
a 2   3q  2   9q 2  4  12q
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 9q 2  12q  3  1  3  3q 2  4q  1  1
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 3m  1  m  3q 2  4q  1
Ans : Hence, a 2 is of the form of 3 m
or 3m + 1

Q.5 Use Euclid’s division lemma to show

that cube of any positive integers is
either of the form 9q, 9q + 1 or 9q
+ 8 for some integer q.
Sol. Let x any postive integer then, it is of
the form 3q or 3q + 1 or 3q + 2
Case 1, when x  3q , then

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 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
Q1. Find the prime factorization of the 7429 = 17 × 19 × 23
following numbes :
17 7429
(i) 140 (ii) 156
19 437
(iii) 3825 (iv) 5005 23 23
(v) 7429 1
Sol. (i) Prime factors of 140 is given by
140 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 7
Q2. Find the LCM and HCF of the following
2 140 pairs of integers and verify that LCM ×

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2 70 HCF = product of the two numbers.
5 35 (i) 26 and 91 (ii) 510 and 92
7 7 (iii) 336 and 54
1

FL
Sol. (i) Factors of (26) = 2 × 13
(ii) Prime factor of 156 is given by Factors of (91) = 7 × 13
156 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 13  HCF of (26, 91) =13
and LCM of (26, 91) = 2 × 7 × 13 = 182
2 156
Verification : (LCM × HCF = a × b)
R
2 78
LCM × HCF = 182 × 13 = 2366 = 26 × 91
3 39
(ii) Factors of (510) = 2 × 3 × 5 × 17
13 13
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1 Factors of (92) = 2 × 2 × 23 = 22 × 23
 HCF of = (510, 92) = 4
(iii) Prime factors of 3825 is given by and LCM = 22 × 3 × 5 × 17 × 23 = 23460
IT

3825 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 17 Verification : (LCM × HCF) = a × b

LCM × HCF = 23460 × 2 = 46920
3 3825
= 510 × 92
P

3 1275
5 425 (iii) Factors of (336) = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7
5 85 = 24 × 3 × 7
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17 17 Factor of (54) = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 2 × 33
1  HCF = 2 × 3 = 6
and LCM = 24 × 33 × 7 = 3024
(iv) Prime factors of 5005 is given by
Verification : (LCM × HCF = a × b)
5005 = 5 × 7 × 11 × 13
 LCM × HCF = 3024 × 6 = 18144
5 5005 = 336 × 54
7 1001
11 143 Q3. Find the LCM and HCF of the following
13 13 integers by applying the prime
1 factorization method :
(i) 12, 15, 21 (ii) 17, 23, 29
(v) Prime factors of 7429 is given by
(iii) 8, 9, 25

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Sol. (i) Factors of 12 = 2 × × 2 × 3 = 22 × 3  The only prime in the factorisation
Factors of 15 = 3 × 5 of 6n are 2 and 3
Factors of 21 = 3 × 7  5 does not occur in the prime
HCF of (12, 15, 21) = 3 factorisation of 6n for any n.
[ 31 is common to all]  6n does not end with the digit 0
LCM of (12, 15, 21) for any natural number n.
2
= 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 420
(ii) Factors of 17 = 17 × 1 Q6. Explain why 7  11  13  13 and
Factors of 23 = 23 × 1  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  5 are
Factors of 29 = 29 × 1 composite numbers.

IX
 HCF of (17, 23, 29) = 1 Sol. (i) 7  11  13  13  13  7  11 1
and LCM of (17, 23, 29)  13  77 1  13  78
= 17 × 23 × 29 = 11339 which is composite numbers as it can be

FL
(iii) Factors of 8 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 2 . 3 factorised into primes. So it is a composit
Factors of 9 = 3 × 3 = 32 number.
Factors of 25 = 5 × 5 = 5 2 (ii) 7  6  5 4  3  2 1 5
 HCF of (8, 9, 25) = 1 = 5  7  6  4  3  2  1  1  5 1009
which is a composite number as it can
R
LCM of (8, 9, 25)
= 8 × 9 × 25 = 1800 be factorised into prime. So it is a
composite number.
E
Q4. Given that HCF of (306, 657) = 9, find
LCM of (306, 657). Q7. There is a circular path around a
Sol. HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b
IT

sport field. Sonia takes 18 minutes

ab to derive one round of the field.
LCM (a, b) = HCF (a , b )
While Ravi takes 12 minutes for the
 HCF of (306, 657) × LCM of (306, 657)
same suppose they both start at the
P

= 306 × 657
same point and go in the same direction.
 9 × LCM of (306, 657) = 306 × 657 After how many minutes will they
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306 657 meet again at the starting point.

 LCM of (306, 657) = 9
Sol. Required number of minutes is the LCM
= 34 × 657
of 18 and 12.
 LCM of (306, 657) = 22338
We have
18  2  32 and 12  22  3
Q5. Whether 6n can end with the digit 0 2 2
LCM of (18 , 12) = 2  3 = 36
for any n  N
Ans. Hence ravi and Priya will meet
Sol. We know that any positive integer ending
againt at the starting point after 36
with digit zero is divisible by 5 and so
minutes.
its prime factorisation must contain the
prime 5
n
We have 6n   2  3  2n  3n

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 3
Q1. Prove that 5 is a irrational number.. irrational number.

a  our supposition is wrong. Hence 3  2 5

Sol. Let 5 be a rational number i..e,
b is irrational number.

a
 5 (where a and b are co-prime)
b Q3. Prove that the following are irrational

By Cross multiplication, we get 1

(i) (ii) 7 5
2
 a  5b
(iii) 6 2

IX
Squaring both the sides, we get (i)
1 a
2 2 Sol. (i) Let is a rational number i.e., ,
 a  5b 2 b
where a and b are integers and b  0
  5 divide a 2  5 divides a (ii)

FL
Let a = 5k, where k is some integer 1 a
   2a  b
2 b
Put a = 5k in (i), we get
b
 5k 2  5b 2  b 2  5k 2  2
a
5 divides b2 ,  5 divides b (iii)
R
From (ii) and (iii) it is clear 3 is a common (  b and a are integers.  b/a is

factor of a and b but a and b are co- an integer)

E
prime which is contradiction.
 2  I ( integer is rational N)
 our supposition is wrong, hence 5
is an irrational number 2 = rational number
IT

Which is wrong, because 2 is an

Q.2 Prove that 3  2 5 is an irrational irrational number.
number.
1
P

Sol. Let 3 2 5 is a rational number  our supposition is wrong, hence

2
a is an irrational number.
 32 5 = where a and b are
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b
a
(ii) Let 7 5 is a rational number i.e.,
,
integers and b  0 b
a a  3b where a and b are integers a and
 2 5  3  2 5  b  0.
b b
a  3b a
 5   7 5
2b b
[ a and b, 3 and 2 are integers 
a
a  3b  5 (a, b and 7 are integers.
is rational ] 7b
2b
 7 b is an integer..
II
 5 rational I
I  5 (division of two integers,
I
which is not possible,  5 is an
results in a rational number)

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 5 = rational number
Which is wrong, because 5 is an
irrational number.
 our supposition is wrong. Hence 7 5
is an irrational number.

(iii) Let 6  2 is a rational number i.e.,

p/q, where p and q are integer and q  0

p p
 6 2   2 6
q q

IX
p  6q
 2
q

FL
II
 2 ( p, q and 6 are integer,,
I
 6q is an integer)
I
 2 (diff. of two integers,
I
R
result is integer)
 2 = rational number
E
(division of two integers, results in a
rational number)
IT

Which is wrong, because 2 is an

irrational number.  our supposition is
wrong.
Hence 6  2 is an irrational number
P
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SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 4
Q1. Without actually performing the long 23
(vi) is a terminating decimal
division, state whether the following 2  52
3

rational numbers will have a terminating since q = 23  52 which is in the form of

expansion or a non-terminting repeating 23  0.115.
2 m  5n and
decimal expansion : 2  52
3

13 17 129
(i) (ii) (vii) is not a terminating decimal
3125 8 2  57  7 5
2

64 15 since q  2 2  5 7  7 5 is not of the form

(iii) (iv)

IX
455 1600
2 m  5n
29 23
(v) (vi) 6  6 2
343 2 3.5 2 (viii) It is not a terminating
15 3  5 5
129 6

FL
(vii) (viii) decimal
2 7 5 15
2 5 7
since q = 3 × 5 which is not of the form
35 77
(ix) (x)
50 210 2 m  5n .
13 13 35 35
Sol. (i) = 5 is a terminating decimal. (ix) 50  2 1 is a terminating decimal
3125
R
5 5 2
since q  5 2  21 which is of the form
Since q = 3125 = 55 which is the form
35
m n 0 5 13 2 m  5n and 50 = 0.7
E
2 5 i.e. 2 × 5 and = 0.00416
3125
(x) 77  77  11 is not a ter-
17 17 210 3  2  7  5 3  2  5
(ii)  is a terminating decimal.
8 23
IT

minating decimal
since q  8  23 which is of the form of
since 210  21  31  51 which is not of the
17
2m5n i.e. 23  50 and = 2.125 form 2 m  5n.
8
P

64  64  64 Q2. Write down the decimal expansions of

(iii) is not a
455 5  91 5  7  13
the following numbers which have
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terminating decimal.
decimal expansion.
since q  51  71  131 which is not of the
13 17 64 15
form 2m × 5n (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
3125 8 455 1600
15 15
(iv) 1600  6 2 is a terminating decimal 23
2 5 29 129
(v) (vi) 2  52 (vii) 27 57 75
3
since q  2 6  5 2 which is in the form of 343

15 6 35 77
2 m  5n i.e., 2 6 × 5 2 and = (viii) (ix) (x)
1600 15 50 210
0.009375.
13 13 13  25 416
29 29 Sol. (i)  5  5 5 
(v)  is not a terminating decimal 3125 5 5 2 105
343 73
since q = 73 which is not in the form of = .00416.
2m5n.

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 17 17 17  53 2125 Sol. (i) Since 34.12345 has terminating
(ii)   
8 23 23  53 103 deci ma l ex p a ns io n s o, it s
= 2.125 denominators is of the form 2  5n ,
m

15 35 3  5  54 where m and n are integers.

(iv)  6 2  6 2 4
1600 2  5 2  5 5 (ii) Since 34.5678 has non-terminating
repeating decimal expansion. So
9375
= = 0.009375 its donominater has factors than
106
2 or 5.
23 23  5 23  5 115
(vi) 23  52  23  52  5  23  53  103
Q.5 Write the condition to be satisfied

IX
= 0.115
p
6 2 22 4 by q so that a rational number q has
(viii)   
15 5 5  2 10
a terminating decimal expansion.
= 0.4

FL
Sol. The prime factorisation of q should be
35 7
(ix)  = 0.7 the form 2m  5n , where m, n are whole
50 10
numbers and p and q are co-prime then
p
Q.3 The following real numbers have a rational number q has a terminating
R
decimal expansions as given below in
decimal.
each case decide whtther they are
E
rational or not if they are rational, and
Q.6 Write the condition to be satisfied by
p
of the form q ,what can you say about p
IT

q so that a rational number q has a

the prime factors of q ?
decimal expansion which is non -
(i) 43.123456789 (ii) 0.120120012000
terminating and repeating (recurring).
(iii) 43.123456789
P

Sol. The prime factorisation of q should not

9 9
Sol. (i) rational, where q 10   5  2 
be expressible in the form of 2n  5m ,
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= 59  29 where m and n are non - negative

(ii) non rational because it is non integers then a rational number has a

terminating and non repeating. decimal expansion which is non - terminating

(iii) rational, prime factors q will also and repeating (recurring).

other than 2 and 5 because the

decimal expansion is non terminating
repeating.

Q.4 What can you say about the prime

factorisation of the denominaters of
the following rationals.
(i) 34.12345 (ii) 34.5678

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 CHAPTER : 2 – POLYNOMIALS
NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q1. The graph of y = p(x) are given in figure
Sol. (vi) Graph y = p(x) cuts the x-axis at three
below, for some polynomials p(x). Find the
points, so the given polynomial has three
number of zeros of p(x), in each case. zeores.
Example : Look at the graph in fig. given below.
Each is the graph of y  p x , where Px is a
polynomial. For each of the grpah, find the number of
zeroes of P x .

IX
y y

(i) x' o x (ii) x'

o
x

FL
y' y'
R y y

(iii) x'
o
x (iv) x'
o
x

y'
E
y'
y
y
IT

(v) x' o x (vi) x' o

x

y'
P

y'

Sol. (i) The grpah y  P x  cuts the x-axis at

Sol. (i) Graph y = p(x) does not cut the x-axis at one point. so the number of zeroes is
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any point, so the given polynomial has no one.

zero. Sol. (ii) The graph y P x  cuts the x-axis at
Sol. (ii) Graph y = p(x) cuts the x-axis at one point, two points, so the number of
zeroes is 2.
so the given polynomial has one zero.
Sol.. (iii) The graph y P x  cuts the x-axis at
Sol. (iii) Graph y = p(x) cuts the x-axis at three
three points, so the number of
points, so the given polynomial has three
zeroes is 3.
zeros.
Sol. (iv) The graph y  P x  cuts the x-axis at
Sol. (iv) Graph y = p(x) cuts the x-axis at two
one point, so the number of zeroes is 1.
points, so the given polynomial has two
Sol. (v) The graph y P x  cuts the x-axis at
zeroes.
one point, so the number of zeroes is 1.
Sol. (v) Graph y = p(x) cuts the x-axis at four
Sol. (vi) The graph y  P x  cuts the x-axis at
points , so the given polynomial has four
four points, so the number of
zeroes. zeroes is 4.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
Q1. Find the zeroes of the following quadratic Either 2s 1 0 or 2s 1 0

polynomials and verify the relationship Either s  1/ 2 or s  1/ 2

between the zeroes and the coefficients. So, the zeroes of P s  are 1/2 and 1/2

(i) x2 – 2x – 8 (ii) 4s2 – 4s + 1 1 1 11

Sum of zeroes =   1
2 2 2
(iii) 6x2 – 3 – 7x (iv) 4u2 + 8u
1 Coefficient s
2 2 = 
(v) t – 15 (vi) 3x – x – 4 1 Coefficient s 2

IX
Sol. (i) We have P x  = x 2  2x  8 1 1 1
Product of zeroes =  
P x  = x  2x  8
2 2 2 4

= x 2  4x  2x  8 1 Constant Term
= 4  Coefficient of s 2

FL
= x x  42 x  4
Sol. (iii) We have, P x  = 6x 2  3 7x
= x  2x  4
P x  = 6x 2  7x  3
To find the zeroes of polynomial P x , put
P x  = 6x 2  9x 2x  3
R
P x  0  x 2x  4 0
= 3x 2x  312 x  3
Either x  2 0 or x  4  0
= 3x  12x  3
E
Either x  2 or x  4
To find zeroes polynomial P x , put P x 0
So, the zeroes of P x  are 4 and 2
IT

 3x 12x 3 0

Sum of zeroes = 4 2  2
Either 3x  1 0 or 2x  3 0
2 coefficient of x 
= 
1 coefficient of x 2  Either x 1/ 3 or x  3/ 2
P

So, the zeroes of P x  are 1/ 3 and 5 / 2

Product of zeroes = 4 2  8
1 3 2  9
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8 constant Term Sum of the zeroes =  

=  3 2 2
1 coefficient of x 2 
7 Coefficent of x 
Sol. (ii) We have, P s  4s 2  4s  1 = 
2 coefficient of x 2
2
P s  = 4s  4s 1 1 3 3
Product of zeroes =  
2
= 4s  2s  2s 1 3 2 6

= 2s 2s 1 12s 1 3 constant term

= 
6 coefficient of x 2
= 2s  12s  1
Sol. (iv) We have, P u  4u 2  8u
To find the zeroes of polynomial P s , put
P u  = 4u 2  8u
P s0  2s 12s 10
= 4u u2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 To find the zeroes of polynomial P u , put To find the zeroes of polynomial put P x  0
P u  0  4u u  2 0 P x  0  3x  4x  1 0
Either 4u  0 or u  2  0 Either 3x  4 0 or x  1 0
Either u  0 or u  2
Either x  1/ 3 or x 1
So, the zeroes of P u  are 0 and 2
So, the zeroes of P x  are 4 / 3 and  1
Sum of the zeroes = 0 2 2
4 1
Sum of zeroes =  1
2 coefficient of u  3 3
= 
1 coefficient of u 2 1 coefficient of x 
= 

IX
Product of the zeros = 0x  2   0 3 coefficinet of x 2

0 costant term 4 4
= = Product of zeroes =  1
1 coefficient u 2 3 3
4 constant term

FL
Sol. (v) We have, P t   t 2  15 = 
3 coefficient of x 2
P t  = t 2  15
Q2. Find a quadratic polynomial each with the
2
= t    15 
2
given numbers as the sum and product of
R
= t  15  t  15  the zeroes respectively

To find the zeroes of polynomial put P t  0 1 1

(i) , -1 (ii) 2,
4 3
E
P t  0  t  15 t  15  0
(iii) 0, 5 (iv) 1, 1
Either t  15   0 or t  15  0 1 1
IT

(v)  , (vi) 4, 1
Either t  15 are t  15 4 4

So, the zeroes P t  are  15 and Sol. (i) Let the quadratic polynomial be ax2 + bx
15
P

+ c = 0, and its zeroes be  and  . Then

Sum of the zeroes =  15  15   0
1 b 1
0  coefficient of t    =  
 4 a 4
JU

=
1 coefficinet of t 2 a = – 4b

Product of zeroes =  15  15 15 c
and  = – 1   1
a
15 constant term
=   c=–a
1 coefficient of t 2
1
Sol. (vi) We have, P x  3x 2  x  4 If a = 1, then b =  and c = – 1
4
P x  = 3x 2  x  4
So, quadratic polynomial which fits the give
= 3x 2  4x  3x  4
1
conditiion is x 2  x  1 or 4x 2  x  4
= x 3x  4 1 3x  4 4
2
= 3x  4x  1 Ans. p  x   4x  x  4

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Sol. (ii) Let the quadratic polynomial be ax2 + bx Ans. P x  x 2  x 1

+ c = 0, and its zeroes be  and  . Then Sol. (v) Let the quadratic polynomial be ax2 + bx

b + c = 0, and its zeroes be  and  . Then

  = 2 a  2
1 b 1
  =   
 –b= a 2 4 a 4
1 c 1 1
and  =    4b  a  b =  a
3 a 3 4
 a = 3c 1 c 1
and  =  
1 4 a 4
If a = 1, then b   2 and c 
3

IX
1
 4c  a  c = a
So, quadratic polynomial which fits the 4
1 1 1
given condition is x 2  2x  or If a = 1, then b = and c = .
3 4 4

FL
3x 2  3 2x 1 So, quadratic polynomial which fits the

Ans. P x  3x 2  3 2x 1 1 1
given condition is x 2  x  or
4 4
Sol. (iii) Let the quadratic polynomial be ax2 + bx
4x 2  x 1 Ans. P x  4x 2  x 1
R
+ c = 0, and its zeroes be  and  . Then
Sol. (vi) Let the quadratic polynomial be ax2 + bx
b
  = 0    0 + c = 0, and its zeroes be  and  . Then
a
E
 –b=0  b  0 b
  = 4  4
c a
and  = 5   5
IT

a  – b = 4a  b   4a
 c = a. 5 c
and  = 1  1
a
If a = 1, b = 0 and c  5
 c= a
P

So, quadratic polynomial which fits the If a = 1, then b = – 4 and c = 1

given condition is 2
x  0x  5 So, quadratic polynomial which fits the
JU

x2  5 Ans. P x  x 2  5 given condition is x2 – 4x + 1.

Sol. (iv) Let the quadratic polynomial be ax2 + bx Ans. p x  x 2  4x 1
+ c = 0, and its zeroes be  and  . Then
b
  = 1   1
a
 – b = a
c
and  = 1  1  c = a
a
If a = 1, then b = – 1 and c = 1
So, quadratic polynomial which fits the

given condition is x2 – x + 1.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 3
Q1. Divide the polynomial p(x) by the polyno- Sol. (iii) p x  x 2 5x 6 and q x   x 2  2
mial g(x) and find the quotient and remain-
x 2  2
der in each of the following : x 2  2 x4 5x  6
(i) p(x) = x 3 - 3x 2 - 5x - 3, g(x) = x 2 - 2 x4  2x2
 
(ii) p(x) = x 4 - 3x 2 + 4x + 5;
2x 2 5x 6
2
g(x) = x + 1 - x
2x 2 4
4
(iii) p(x) = x - 5x + 6, g(x) = x  2 2
 

IX
5x 10
Sol. (i) P x  x 3  3x 2  5x  3 and

g x  x 2  2 Ans. q x  x 2  2 and r x 5x 10

x 3

FL
x  2 x  3x 2  5x  5
2 3
Q2. Check whether the first polynomial is a
3
x  2x
factor of the second polynomial by apply-
 
ing the division algorithm
 3x 2  7x  3
R
 3x 2 6 (i) t 2  3; 2t 4 + 3t 3  2t 2  9t 12
 
(ii) x 2 + 3x +1; 3x 4 + 5x 3  7x 2 + 2x + 2
E
 7x  9
(iii) x 3  3x +1; x 5  4x 3 + x 2 + 3x +1
Ans. q x  x 3 and r x  7x  9
Let p t  2t 4  3t 3  2t 2 12 and
IT

Sol. (i)

Sol. (ii) We have px x4 3x2 4x 5 and g t  t 2  3

g x  x 2  x 1 2t 2  3t  4
P

t 2  3 2t 4  3t 3  2t 2  9t  12
x 2  x 3
2t 4  6t 2
x 2  x 1 x 4  3x 2  4x  5
JU

 
x 4  x2  x3
3t 3  4t 2  9t  12
–  
3t 3  9t
x 3  4x 2  4x  5
 
x3  x2  x
4t 2  12
  
4t 2  12
 3x 2  3x  5
 
 3x 2  3x  3
0
  
8
2
Ans. q x  x 2  x  3 and r x  8 Ans. The remainder is zero, hence t  3 is a fac-
tor of 2t 4  3t 3  2t 2  9t 12

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Sol. (ii) Let p x  3x 4 5x3  7x 2  2x  2 and 5 5
 and  are zeroes of given p(x)
3 3
g x  x 2  3x 1
3x 2  4x  2  5  5

  x    x   are factors
x 2  3x  1 3x 4  5x 3  7x 2  2x  2  3 

and 
 3

3x 4  9x 3  3x 2 of pq.
  
 5  5
 4x  10x 2  2x  2
3
 
x  3 

x  3 
 is a factors
3 2
  
 4x  12x  4x
   of p x 

IX
2x 2  6x  2   5 
2

    
2
2x 2  6x  2   x   is a factor of p x .
 3 
    

FL
0  5
2  x 2   is factor of p(x).
Ans. The remainder is zero, hence x  3x  1 is a  3

factor of 3x 4  5x 3  7x 2  2x  2  A  BA  B A 2  B2

 2 5
R
5 3 2
Sol. (iii) Let p x  x  4x  x  3x 1 and To find other zeroes divide P x  by  x  
 3
g x  x 3  3x 1 3x 2  6x  3
E
5
x 2 1 x 2  3x 4  6x 3  2x 2  10x  5
3
x3  3x 1 x5  4x 3  x 2  3x 1 3x 4  5x 2
IT

x5  3x3  x 2  
  6x  3x 2  10x  5
3

 x 3  3x 1 6x 3  10x
 
P

 x 3  3x 1
   3x 2  5
2 3x 2  5
JU

 
Ans. Remainder is not zero, hence x 3  3x  1
0
is not a factor of x 5  4x 3  x 2  3x  1 .
 2  2
Q3. Obtain all other zeroes of 3x4 + 6x3 – 2x2 Now, P x  =  x  (3x  6x  3)
 3
– 10x – 5, if two of its zeroes are
 2  2
=  x  {3x  3x  3x  3}
5 5  3
and  .
3 3
 2 5
= x  {3x(x 1)  3(x 1)}
Sol. Let p(x)  3x 4  6x 3  2x 2  10x  5 and  3

5 5  2 5
 and    =  x   (3x  3)(x  1)
3 3  3

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  5  5
Q5. Give example of polynomials p(x),g(x),
=
x  3 
 3x3 x 1
x  3 
   q(x) and r(x), which satisfy the division

Therefore, the zeroes of the given fourth algorithm and

5 5 (i) deg p(x) = deg q(x)

degree polynomial p(x) are , ,  1,  1
3 3
(ii) deg q(x) = deg r (x)
5 5
Ans. , , 1, 1 (iii) deg r(x) = 0
3 3

Q4. On dividing x3 – 3x2 + x + 2 by a polyno- Sol. (i) deg p(x) =deg q(x)

IX
mial g(x), the quotient and remainder, are Let p(x) =2x2 – 3; and g(x) = 2
x – 2 and – 2x + 4, respectively. Find g(x).
x2 1
Sol. We have 2 2x2 3
q x   x2 1

FL
3 2
2x2
Dividend p(x) = x  3x  x  2  r x   1
3
Divisor g(x) = ?, Quotient q(x) = x – 2 2 Here clearly deg ree
 of p  x   deg ree of q  x 
and Remainder r(x) = – 2x + 4 1
R
According to division algorithm
Sol. (ii) deg q(x) =deg r(x)
p(x) = g(x) × q(x) + r(x)
E
Let p(x) =x – 5; and g(x) = x – 2
3 2
x  3x  x  2 = g(x) × (x – 2) + (–2x + 4)
1
x3  3x 2  x  2  2x  4 = g(x)×(x – 2) qx 1
IT

x  2 x 5
x 2 r  x   3
x 3  3x 2  3x  2  g(x)  (x  2)  Here clearly deg of
3 2 3
x  3x  3x  2 r  x   deg of q  x 
g(x) 
P

(x  2)
Sol. (iii) deg q(x) = 0
x 2  x 1
JU

x  2 x 3  3x 2  x  2 Let p(x) =3x3 – 5; and g(x) = x3

x 3  2x 2
3
 
x 3 3x 3  5 Here r  x   0
 x 2  3x  2
3x 3
 clearly deg of
 x 2  2x
 
5 rx  0
x2
x2
 
0

2
Ans. g(x)  x  x  1

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 SOLVED NCERT EXERCISE – (MISCELLANEOUS)
Q1 Verify that the numbers given alongside Coefficien t of x 2 b
=  = 
of the cubic polynomials below are the Coefficien t of x 3 a

zeros. Also verify the relationship 1  1

     =  2  1  (1 (2))  (2) 2 
   
between the zeros and coefficient in each
1  2 1  5 (5)
= = = 2
case. 2 2
(i) 2x3 + x2 – 5x + 2; ½, 1, – 2 Coefficien t of x c
= 3 = a
Coefficien t of x
(ii) x3 – 4x2 + 5x – 2; 2, 1, 1

IX
 1  (1) ( 2)
Sol. (i) Let P( x )  2 x 3  x 2  5 x  2 Also,  =   = (–1)
2
On comparing given polynomial with
Cons tant term d
=  = 
3 2
ax  bx  cx  d, we get Coefficien t of x 3 a

FL
a =2, b = 1, c = – 5, d = 2 Hence the result is proved.
Now, p x  2x 3  x 2  5x  2 Sol. (ii) Let P( x )  x 3  4 x 2  5 x  2
1 On comparing given polynomial with
Given zeroe’s for verification are; , 1,  2
2
R
ax 3  bx 2  cx  d, we get
3 2
1 1 1
P 1  = 2.      5    2 a =1, b = – 4, c = 5, d = – 2
2
   2   2   2
E
Given zeros for verification are : 2, 1, 1
1 1 5
= 2   2 3 2
8 4 2  P(2) = 2  4.2  5.2  2
IT

1  1  5 2 = 8 – 16 + 10 – 2 = 0
=
4 4 2
3 2
P(1) = 1  4.1  5.1  2
55
= =0
2 2 =1–4+5–2=6–6=0
P

P(1) = 2.13  12  5(1)  2

2, 1, 1 are zeros of given polynomial
= 2+1–5+2
x 3  4x 2  5x  2 .
JU

= 5–5=0 Consider   2,   1,   1
3 2
P(–2) = 2.( 2)  ( 2)  5( 2)  2 (4)
  = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4 =  1
= 2  84  10  2
= 16 + 4 + 10 + 2 = 0 Coefficien t of x 2 b
=  = 
Coefficien t of x 3 a
1,
 1 and – 2 are the zeros of the
2      = (2)(1) + (1)(1) + (1)(2)
given polynomial p(x). 5
= 2+1+2+5=
1 1
Now consider α = , β = 1 and  2
2 Coefficien t of x c
= 3 = a
1 1 2  1 Coefficien t of x
  = =
2 2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 (2) Ans. a  1 and b  2
 = (2)(1)(1) = 2 = –
1
Cons tan t term d Q4. If two zeros of the polynomial x4 – 6x3
= – = 
Coefficien t of x 3 a
 26x 2  138x  35 are 2  3 , find other
Hence the result.
zeros.
Q2. Find a cubic polynomial with the sum, sum
Sol. It is given that 2  3 and 2  3 are two
of the products of its zeros taken two at a
zeros of p(x).
time, and product of its zero as 2, –7, –14
 {x  (2  3 )} and {x  ( 2  3 )} are
respectively.

IX
the factors of p x 
Sol. If ,  and  are the zeros of a cubic

polynomial p(x), then p(x) =  ( x  2  3 )( x  2  3 ) is a factor

k{x 3  (     ) x 2  (    ) x   } of p x 

FL
where k is any non-zero real number.  ( x  2) 2  ( 3 ) 2 is a factors of p x 

Here       2,       7 and = x 2  4  4x  3 is a factor of p x 

  14 = x 2  4x 1 is a factor of p x 
R
 p(x)  k(x 3  2x 2  7x  14), where k is To find the other zero divide p(x) by x 2  4x  1
any non-zero real number. x 2  2x  35
E
x  4x  1 x  6 x 3  26 x 2  138x  35
2 4

x 4  4x 3  x 2
3 2
Q3. If the zeros of the polynomial x – 3x + x   
IT

+ 1 are a – b, a, a + b, find a and b.  2 x 3  27 x 2  138x  3

 2 x 3  8x 2  2x
Sol. Since a – b, a and a + b are the zeros of p(x).
  
Let   a  b,   a,   a  b  35 x 2  140 x  35
P

 35 x 2  140 x  35
b coefficient of x2
Now      =    
a coefficient of x3
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0
2
coeff . of x  2 2
p(x) = ( x  4 x  1)( x  2 x  35)
 (a – b) + a + (a+b) = – 3
coeff . of x
 3 Hence, other two zeros of p(x) are the zeros
3a = 
1 of the polynomials x 2  2x  35.
 3a = 3  a = 1
d constant term We have
Also    =
a coefficient of x 3 x 2  2x  35 = x 2  7 x  5x  35
cons tan t term
 (a – b)a(a + b) = 3 =
1 = (x – 7)(x + 5)
Coeff . of x 1
 a (a 2  b 2 ) = – 1 Either x – 7 = 0 or x + 5 = 0

2 Either x = 7 or x = – 5
 1 b = – 1 [ a  1]
Hence, other two zeros of p(x) are 7 and – 5.
 b2 = 2  b =  2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Q5. If the polynomial p(x) = x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 –

25x + 10 is divided by another polynomial

x2 – 2x + k, the remainder comes out to

be x + a, find k and a.
Sol.

x2 4x8k
x2 2xk x4 6x3 16x2 25x10

IX
x4 2x3  kx2
 
4x3 16kx2 25x10
4x3 8x  4kx

FL
  
8kx2 4k25x10
8kx2 162kx 8kk2
   
R
2k9x 10 8k k2 

Comparing remainder with given remainder

E
2k  9 x  10  8k  k 2  x a
IT

2k  9  1  2k  10  k  5

and a = 10 8k  k 2

a = 10  8  5  5 2
P

a = 10  40  25 = 5
Ans. k  5 and a   5
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SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

CHAPTER : 3 – LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q1. Aftab tells his daughter, “seven year ago, Q2. The coach of cricket team buys 3 bats and
I was seven times as old as you were then.
6 balls for Rs. 3900. Later, she buys
Also, three years from now, I shall be
another bat and 3 more balls of same kind
three times as old as you will be.
Represent this situation algebrically and for Rs. 1500. Represent this situation
graphically. geometrically.
Sol. Let the present age of the daughter and
Sol. Let the cost of one bat and one table be Rs. x
father be x and y years respectively. Then
 The present age of daughter = x years and y respectively then.
 7 years ago daughter’s age = (x – 7) yrs.

IX
 According to first condition of question
and 3 years from now, daughter’s age =
(x + 3) yrs. 3x + 6y = 3900
 The present age of father = y years
 x + 2y = 1300 ...(i)
 7 years ago father’s age = (y – 7) yrs. and

FL
3 years from now father’s age = (y + 3) yrs. According to second condition of question
According to first condition of question.
x + 3y = 1500 ...(ii)
y – 7 = 7(x – 7)
or y  7  7x  49 (1) Algebraically representation of
or y  7x  49  7 situation is : x + 2y = 1300 ; x + 3y =1500
R
or y = 7x – 42 ...(i) (2) For graphically representation
According to second condition of question. Tables of equation (i) and (ii) are given
E
y + 3 = 3(x + 3) below :
or y  3  3x  9
Table for equation x = 1300 – 2y
IT

or y  3x  9  3
or y = 3x + 6 ...(ii) x 1300 0 1300
(1) Algebraically representation of equations y 24 650 1300
are y = 7x – 42 and y = 3x + 6
P

Table for equation, x = 1500 – 3y

(2) For graphically representation Table of
equation (i) and (ii) and given below x 1500 0 1500
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(i) y  3x  6 (ii) y  3x  6 y 0 500 1000

x 12 18 6 x 6 12 3 y
y 42 84 0 y 24 42 15
800
700
(0, 650)
600
500
(0
400 ,5
Cost of Ball

00
300 )
200 (900, 200)
100 (1500, 0)
(1300, 0)
x' x
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600

y'

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Q.3 Romila went to stationery stall and (i) 2x  y  8 (ii) x  1  2y
purchased 2 pencils and 3 erasers for Rs.
x 0 2 5 x 3 1 5
9. Her friend Sonali saw the new variety
y 8 4 2 y 1 1 3
of pencils and erase with Romila and she
also bought 4 pencils and 6 erasers of the
same kind for Rs. 18. Represent this y
situation algebraically and solve it
8 (0,8)
graphically.
7

2x+
Sol. Let the cost of one pencil and one eraser be 6

y =8
5 y
Rs. x and Rs.y respectively then. =2
4 (2,4) x+1

(i) according to first condition of question. 3 (5,3)

IX
2 G
(3,2)
2x + 3y = 9 ...(1) 1
(1,1)
x' x
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(ii) according to second condition of question. -1
(-3,-1) -2
4x + 6y = 18 ...(2) (5,2)

FL
-3

(1) Algebraic representation of situation is : y'

2x + 3y = 9
4x + 6y = 10 Ans : Required Solution is x = 3, y = 2 and
Required point on y-axis are (0,0.5) and (0,8)
(2) For graphical, representation. Table of
R
Q.5 Solve graphically the system of linear
equation (i) and (ii) given below
equations 2x - y = 2 and 4x - y = 8. Also,
2x  3y  9 4x  6y 10 Find the co-ordinates of the points where
E
x 0 4.5 3 x 3 0 6 the lines meets the axis of x.
(i) (ii)
y 3 0 1 y 1 3 1
Sol. Table of equation (i) and (ii) given below:
IT

2x  y  2 4x  y  8
x 1 2 3 x 1 2 3
(i) (ii)
y 0 2 4 y 4 0 4
P

y
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8
4 x+ y=

y =2

6
2x -

5
4 (3,4)
3
(2,2)
2
1 (2,0)
x' x
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ans : Infinite many solution -1
-2
Q4. Solve graphically the system of linear
-3
equations; 2x + y = 8 and x + 1 = 2y. -4 (1,–4)

Also, find the co-ordinates of the points. y'

When lines meet the y-axis.
Sol. Table of equation (i) and (ii) given below : Ans : Required solution is x = 3 and y = 2 and
Required point on x - axis are (1,0) and (2,0)

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Q.6 Determine graphically the vertices of the
y
triangle, The equation of whose sides are
given below. 2y - x = 8, 5y - x = 14, 7

6 l
y - 2x = 1
5 y=x
Sol. Table of equation (i) and (ii) given below:
4
(-1,4) (2,2)
2y  x  8 5y  x  14 3
B
2x
x 0 2 4 x 4 1 6 2 +3
(i) (ii) y=
10
1
y 4 5 2 y 2 3 4 y=0 (0,0)A (1,1) C(5,0)
x' x
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2M 3 4 5 6 7
Table of equation y - 2x = 1 -1 y=0

IX
m
y - 2x = 1  y = 1 + 2x -2

-3
x 0 1 1
y 1 3 1 y'

FL
y
Ans : Required vertices A (0,0), B (2,2) and C (5,0)
n
x=1

8 l Req. Area = 1/2 × AC × BM = 1/2 × 2 × 5

y-2

7
6 = 5 square units.
5 m
A(2,5)
R
8 4 (0,4)
x= 14 (6,4)
2y- 3 5y-x=
(-4,2) C
2
B
1 (0,1)
E
x' -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
-1
(-1,-1)
-2
IT

-3

y'

A. The vertices of ABC are A  2,5

P

B  4, 2  and C 1,3 .

Q.7 Determine the graphically the vertices
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of a triangle the equations of whose sides

are as follows. Also find the area of
triangle formed with x axis. y = x, y = 0,
2x + 3y = 10
Sol. Table of equation (i) and (ii) given below.
(i) Table of equation (ii) Table of equation
y=x 2x + 3y = 10
2x = 10 - 3y

x 1 2 3 x 1 2 5
y 1 2 3 y 4 2 0
Table of equation y = 0 will be x axis

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
Q.1 Form the pair of linear equations in the According first condition
following problems, and find their situa- 5x + 7y = 50 ...(1)
tions graphically.
According second condition
(i) 10 students of class X took part in math-
7x + 5y = 46 ...(2)
ematics quiz. If the number of girls is 4
more than the number of boys, find the On adding (1) and (2), we get
number of boys and girls who took part in 12x + 12y = 96
the quiz.  x+y= 8 ...(3)
(ii) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs. 50, Subtracting (2) from (1), we get

IX
whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens together
–2x + 2y = 4
cost Rs. 46. Find the cost of one pencil
and a pen.  –x + y = 2 ...(4)

Sol. (i) Let the number of boys and girls be x Tables for equation x + y = 8 and

FL
and y. Took part in mathematical quiz.  x  y  2 are given below :
According first conditions (i) x  y  8 (ii)  x  y  2
y=x+4 ...(1)
x 0 8 16 x 0 2 4
According second condition
y 8 0 8 y 2 0 6
R
x + y = 10 ...(2)
Table for equations y = x + 4 and x  y  10
E
are given below :
(i) y  x  4 (ii) x  y  10
IT

x 0 4 1 x 0 5 10
y 4 0 5 y 10 5 20
P
JU

From the graph, we have, x = 3 and y = 5

Ans : Cost of one pencil = Rs. 3 and cost of

one pen = Rs. 5

a1 b1 c
Q2. On comparing the ratio , and 1
From the graph we have, x = 3, y = 7 a2 b2 c2

Ans : Boys = 3 and Girls = 7 and without drawing them, find out
whether the lines representing the follow-
(ii) Let cost of one pencil and pen be Rs. x ing pairs of linear equations interest at a
and y respectively. Then, point, are parallel or coincides.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 (i) 5x – 4y + 8 = 0, 7x + 6y – 9 = 0 a1 b1 c1
Q3. On comparing the ratio a  b and c
(ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0, 18x + 6y + 24 = 0 2 2 2
(iii) 6x – 3y + 10 = 0, 2x – y + 9 = 0 find out whether the following pair of
Sol. Comparing the given equations with standard linear equations are consistent, or incon-
forms of equation a1x  b1y  c1  0 and sistent.
(i) 3x + 2y = 5; 2x – 3y = 7
a 2 x  b 2 y  c 2  0 , we have
(ii) 2x – 3y = 8; 4x – 6y = 9
(i) The given system of equation is
3 5
5x  4y  8  0 and 7x  6y  9  0 (iii) x  y  7; 9x 10y 14
2 3
Here a1  5, b1  4, c1  8 (iv) 5x – 3y = 11; – 10x + 6y = – 22
and a 2  7, b 2  6, c 2  9 4
x + 2y = 8; 2x + 3y = 12

IX
(v)
5 3
a1 b 4 2
Now = and 1  = Sol. (i) The given system of equation is
a2 7 b2 6 3 3x + 2y = 5; 2x – 3y = 7
c1 8 a b Here a1  3, b1  2, c1  5
and  Here 1  1 . The line rep-

FL
c 2 9 a2 b2
and a 2  2, b 2  3, c 2  7
resenting the pair of linear equations are inter-
a1 3 b1 2 c 5
secting. Nwo = ; = and 1 
a2 2 b2 3 c2 7
(ii) The given system of equation is
a1 b1
R
9x  3y  12  0 and 18x  6y  24  0 Here  . The given lines are intersect-
a 2 b2
Here a1  9, b1  3, c1  12
ing. So, the given pair of linear equations has
and a 2  18, b 2  6, c 2  24
E
exactly one solution and therefore, it is consis-
a1 tent.
9 1 b1 3 1
Now a =  , b =  (ii) The given system of equation is
2 18 2 2 6 2
IT

2x – 3y = 8 and 4x – 6y = 9
c 12 1 a b c
and 1 =  Here 1  1  1 Here a1  2, b1  3, c1  8
c2 24 2 a 2 b 2 c2
and a 2  4, b 2  6, c2  9
 The lines reprenting the pair of linear equa-
P

tion coincide. a1 2 1 b1 3 1
Now a =  ; b = 
2 4 2 2 6 2
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(iii) The given system of equation is

c1 8 a1 b1 c1
6x  3y  10  0 and 2x  y  9  0 and c2 = 9 Here a = b  c
2 2 2
Here a1  6, b1  3, c1  10
 The given lines are parallel. So, the given
and a 2  2, b2  1, c 2  9 pair of linear equation it has no solution and
therefore it is inconsistent.
a1 6 b 3
Now = = 3, 1  =3 (iii) The given system of equation is
a2 2 b 2 1
3 5
x  y  7 and 9x  10y  14
c1 10 a b c 2 3
and c = Here 1 = 1  1
2 9 a 2 b2 c2 3 5
Here a1  , b1  , c1  7
 The lines representing the pair of linear 2 3
equations are parallel. and a 2  9, b2 10, c2 14

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 a1 3/ 2 1 b1 (i) intersecting lines
5/3 1
Now a =  ; =  (ii) parallel lines
2 9 6 b 2 10 6
(iii) coincident lines
c1 7 1 a b
and c =  Here 1  1 . The given Sol. We have 2x + 3y – 8 = 0
2 14 2 a 2 b2
(i) Another linear equation in two variables
lines are intersecting. So, the given pair of lin- such that the geometrical representation
ear equations has exactly one solution and of the pair so formed is intersecting
therefore it is consistent. lines is 3x – 2y – 8 = 0
(iv) The given system of equation is (ii) Another parallel lines to above line is
5x– 3y = 11 and – 10x + 6y = – 22 4x + 6y – 22 = 0
(iii) Another coincident line to above line is

IX
Here a1  5, b1  3, c1  11
6x + 9y – 24 = 0
and a 2  10, b 2  6, c2   22
Q.5 Half the perimeter of a rectangular gar-
a1 5 1 den whose length is 4 m more than its width
Now = 
a2 10 2 is 36m. Find the dimensions of the

FL
b1 gardern (graphically). V.V.I.
3 1
=   Sol. Let length and breath of rectangle field be x
b2 6 2
and y m. Then,
c1 11 1
and  According first condition
c 2 = 22 = 2
R
x = y+4 ...(1)
a1 b1 c1 D C
Here 
a 2 = b 2 c2 . The given lines
E
y
are consisttant. So, the given pair of linear
x
equations has infinitely many solutions and A B
IT

therefore it is consistent. According second condition

(v) The given system of equation is  x + y = 36 ...(2)
4
x  2y  8 and 2x  3y  12 Table for equation x = y + 4 and x + y = 36 are
3 given below :
P

4 x y4 x  y  36
Here a1  , b1  2, c1  8
3
x 0 4 8 x 18 12 36
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and a 2  2, b2  3, c2  12
y 4 0 4 y 18 24 0
a1 4/3 2 b 2
Now = = and 1 =
a2 2 3 b2 3

c1 8 2
and   Here a1 = b1  c1
c2 12 3 a2 b 2 c2
 The given lines are consistent. So the given
pair of linear equations has infinitely many so-
lutions and therefore it is consistent.

Q4. Given the linear equations 2x + 3y – 8

= 0, write another linear equation in two From the graph : x = 20, y = 16,
variables such that the geometrical rep-
Ans : length = 20m, width = 16m
resenting of this pair so formed is :

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Q.6 Which of the following pairs of linear Table for equation 2x + y = 6 and 4x  4y  4
equations are consistent if consistent, are given below :
otabin the solution graphically. (i) 2x + y = 6 (ii) 4x  4y  4
(i) x + y = 5, 2x + 2y = 10 x 0 3 6 x 0 1 4
(ii) 2x + y – 6 = 0, 4x – 2y – 4 = 0 y 6 0 6 y 2 0 3
(iii) 2x – 2y – 2 = 0, 4x – 4y – 5 = 0
Sol. (i) The given system of equation is
x  y  5and 2x  2y  10
Here a1  1, b1  1, c1  5
and a 2  2, b2  2, c 2  10

IX
a1 1 b1 1 c1 1
Here  ,  and c  2
a2 2 b2 2 2

a1 b1 c1
Here   . Given system of equa-

FL
a 2 b2 c 2
As the given two lines intersect at two
tion is consistent points (2, 2), hence it is consistent.
Table for equation x + y = 5 and 2x + 2y = 10 (iii) The given system of equation is
are given below : 2x – 2y – 2 = 0 and 4x – 4y – 5 = 0
R
(i) x + y = 5 (ii) 2x + 2y = 10 Here a1  2, b1  2, c1  2

x 0 5 10 x 0 5 3 and a 2  4, b2  4, c2  5
y 5 0 5 y 5 0 2 a1 2 1 b1 2 1
E
Now   ;  
a 2 4 2 b 2 4 2

c1 2 2 a1 b1 c
IT

and   Here   1
c2 5 5 a 2 b2 c2
 System has no solution and system is
consistent.
P

Tables for equation 2x – 2y – 2 = 0 and

4x – 4y – 5 = 0 are given below
(i) 2x – 2y – 2 = 0 (ii) 4x – 4y – 5 = 0
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Ans :As graph of both the lines is the same,

x 0 1 2 x 3.75 1.25 2.25
so the given graph of equations is dependent,
y 1 0 1 y 5 0 1
hence many solution.
(ii) The given system of equation is
2x + y – 6 = 0 and 4x – 2y – 4 = 0
Here a1  2, b1  1, c1  6
and a 2  4, b 2  2, c 2  4
a1 2 1 b1 1 1
Now a  4  2 
b 2 2

2
2

c1 6 3 a b
and   Here 1  1
c2 4 2 a2 b2
Ans : The line are parallel. Hence it is inconsistant
 The given system of equation consistant.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Q.7 Draw the graphs of the equation :
x – y + 1 = 0, 3x + 2y – 12 = 0 Y
A
Determine the co-ordinates of the verti- 4
ces of the triangle formed by these lines 3 4x
+6
and the x-axis and shade the triangular 2D y
=2
2x 4
region. 1 +3y
=6
X1 C B
Sol. The given system of equations are X
O 1 2 3 4 5 6
Y1
x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y – 12 = 0

Table for equation y = x + 1 = 0 and Area of trap. ABCD = Ar AOB–Ar.ODC

IX
3x + 2y = 12 are given below :
1 1
= 6 4   32
(i) y = x + 1 = 0 (ii) 3x + 2y = 12 2 2
= 3  4 – 3 = 12 - 3 = 9 sq.m
x 0 1 2 x 0 4 2

FL
y 1 0 3 y 6 0 3

R
E
IT

Ans : The vertices of ABC are : A(2, 3);

B(4, 0) and C (–1, 0).
P

Q.8 Solve the following system of equations

graphically : 2x + 3y = 6 and
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4x + 6y = 24. Shade the region bounded

by these lines and the axis. Name the fig.,
so shaded and find its area. V.V.I.

Sol. The given equations are 2x + 3y = 6 and

4x + 6y = 24

Table for equation 2x + 3y + 6 = 0 and

4x + 6y = 24 are given below :
(i) 2x + 3y + 6 = 0 (ii) 4x + 6y = 24

x 0 3 1 x 0 6 3
y 2 0 13
. y 4 0 2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 3
Q.1 Solve the following pair of linear equations  2x 
3x  8y  0  3x  8   0
by substitution method :  3 
(i) 0.2x + 0.3y = 1.3, 0.4x + 0.5y = 2.3
3x 16x 3x  4x
(ii) 2 x  3 y  0; 3 x  8 y  0 V.V.I.  0  0
1 3 3
Sol. (i) The given system of equation is
7x
0.2x + 0.3y = 1.3 and 0.4x  0.5y  23 0  x0
3
 2x + 3y = 13 ...(1)
Put x = 0 in (3), we get
 4x + 5y = 23 ...(2)
2  2

IX
From equation (i) find the value of y in y=  x y 0
 3
term of x. Given equation is 2x  3y  13 3

13  2x y0
3y  13  2x  y = ...(3)
3 Ans : x  0, y  0

FL
Substituting the valye of y in (2), we get
4x  5y  23 Q.2 Solve 2x + 3y = 11 and 2x – 4y = – 24 and
(13 2x) hence find the value of ‘m’ for which
or 4x  5  = 23
3 5y = mx + 3.
R
65  10x  Sol. The given system of equations are
or 4x   23
3 2x + 3y = 11 ...(i)
2x – 4y = – 24 ...(ii)
E
or 12x  65  10x
 23
3 From (i) find the value of x in terms of y.
or 12x + 65 – 10x = 69 2x  3y  11  2x  11  3y
IT

or 2x = 69 – 65
11  3y
or 2x = 4  x  2 x= ...(iii)
2
Put x = 2 in equation (2), we get
Putting the value of ‘x’ in (ii), we get
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4x  5y  23  4  2  5y  23
2x  4y  24
8  5y  23  5y  23  8
 11  3y 
5y  15  y3  2   4y = – 24
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 2 
Ans : x  2 and y  3
22  6y
(ii) Given system of equation is   4y = – 24
2
2 x  3y = 0 ...(1) 22  6y  8y
 = – 24
3x  8 y = 0 ...(2) 2

From equation (1) find the value of y in  22 – 14y = – 48

terms of x.
 – 14y = – 48 – 22
2x  3y  0  3y  0  2x
 – 14y = – 70  y=5
 2
3y   2x  y x ...(3) Putting the value of y in (iii), we get
3
Substituting the valye of y in (2), we get 11  3y 11  15
x= 
2 2

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 4 According second conditions
 x= =–2
2 x = 3y ...(2)
Hence, the solution of equation is x  2, y  5
Substituting x = 3y in (1), we get
It is given that y = mx + 3 ; Putting the values x  y  26  3y – y = 26
of x and y is given condition we get  2y = 26  y = 13
 5 = m(–2) + 3 Substituting y  3 in equation (2)
 5 = – 2m + 3 x =3y = 3 × 13 = 39

 – 2m = 2  m = –1
Ans : Required the numbers are 39, 13
Ans. m  1 (ii) Let the two supplementary angles be

IX
Q.3 Find the pair of linear equations in the fol- x and y suppose x > y
lowing problems and find their solution by According first conditions
substitution method : x + y = 180o ...(1)
(i) The difference between two numbers is 26

FL
According second conditions
and one number is three times the other. Find
x – y = 18o ...(2)
them.
From equation (1), y = 180o – x. Substi-
(ii) The larger of two supplementary angles
tuting this value of y in (2), we get
exceeds the smaller by 18 degrees. Find
x  y = 18o
R
them. V.V.I.
(iii) The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats or x – (180o – x) = 18o
and 6 balls for Rs. 3800. Later, she buys 3 or x  180  x = 18o
E
bats and 5 balls for 1750. Find the cost of each or 2x  1800  180
bat and each ball.
 2x = 198o or x = 99o
IT

(iv) The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed

charge together with the charge for the dis- or y  1800  x  y =180o – 99o = 81o
tance covered. For a distance of 10km, the Ans : Required angles are x = 99o , y = 81o.
charge paid is Rs. 105 and for a journey of 15 (iii) Let the price of each bat and each ball be
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km, the charge paid is Rs. 155. What are the

Rs. x and y respectively then each.
fixed charges and the charge per kilometer ?
How much does a person have to pay for trav- According first condition
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elling a distance of 25 km ? V.V.I. 7x + 6y = 3800 ...(1)

(v) A fraction becomes 9/11, if 2 is added to According second condition
both the numerator and the denominator. If, 3 3x + 5y = 1750 ...(2)
is added to both the numerator and the de-
Solving (1) and (2) we get
nominator it becomes 5/6. Find the fraction.
x = 500 and y = 50
(vi) Five years hence, the age of Jacob will
Ans : Cost of bat Rs.500; and Cost of
be three times that of his son, five years ago
Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. ball = Rs. 50.
What are their present ages ? (iv) Let the taxi charges per km be Rs. x and
Sol. (i) Let the two numbers be x and y let x > y. fixed charges be Rs. y then
According first conditions According first condition
x – y = 26 ...(1) 10x + y = 105 ...(1)

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 According second condition
According first condition
15x + y = 155
x + 5 = 3(y + 5)
Solving equation (1) and (2), we get
or x + 5 = 3y + 15
x = 10 and y = 5
or x  3y = 15  5
Cost of 25 km is given by
or x – 3y = 10 ...(1)
25x + y = 25 × 10 + 5
According second condition
= 250 + 5 = 230
x – 5 = 7(y – 5)
Ans : Rs. 230
or x – 5 = 7y – 35
(v) Let the numerator and denominator of

IX
fraction be x and y respectively. There- or x  7y = 35  5
x
fore fraction is . x – 7y = – 30 ...(2)
y
Solving equation (1) and (2), we get

FL
According first condition
x = 40 and y = 10
x2 9
y  2 = 11 Ans : Hence, present age of Jacob be

11 x  2  = 9  y  2 
40 yrs. and his son, 10 yers.
or
R
or 11x + 22 = 9y + 18
or 11x  9y = 18  22
E
or 11x – 9y = – 4 ...(1)
According second condition
IT

x 3 5
y3 = 6

or 6  x  3 = 5  y  3
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or 6x + 18 = 5y + 15
or 6x  5y = 15  18
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or 6x – 5y = – 3 ...(2)
Solving equation (1) and (2) we get

x = 7 and y = 9

x 7
Ans :Hence the required fraction = y  9

(vi) Let the present age of Jacob and his son’s

be x and y years respectively after five
years. Their agest will be  x  3 and
 y  3 years respectively and before 5
years their agess will be  x  5 and
 y  5 years respectively..

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 NCERT EXERCISE – 4
Q.1 Solve the following pair of linear equations  10 – 5y = 4  – 5y = 4 – 10
by the elimination method and the  – 5y = – 6  y 6/5
subsitution method : Now, substituting the value of y in (iii), we get
(i) x + y = 5 and 2x – 3y = 4 6
 x= 5–y  x = 5
(ii) 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x – 2y = 2 5
(iii) 3x – 5y – 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7 25  6 19
 x= =
x 2y y 5 5
(iv) + = 1 and x  = 3
2 3 3 19 6
Ans. x  y
Sol. (i) (a) By Elimination Method

IX
5 5
Given system of equation is (ii) (a) By elimanation method
x+y=5 ...(i) The given system of equations are
2x – 3y = 4 ...(ii) 3x + 4y = 10 ...(i)

FL
For making the coefficient of y in (i) and (ii) 2x – 2y = 2 ...(ii)
equal, we multiply (i) by 3 and adding, we get
For making the coefficient of y in (i) and (ii)
x45  3 equal, we multiply (ii) by 2 and adding we get,

2x  3y  4
3x  4y  10 
R
3x  3y  15 (iii) 
2x  2y  2   2
2x  3y  4 (iv)
3x  4y  10 ...(iii)
E
5x  19 Adding (iii) and (iv), we get 4x  4y  4 ...(iv)
19 7x  14 Adding (iii) and (iv)
x=
5
IT

 x2
Now, putting the value of x in equation (i)
Now putting the value of x in (i), we get
19
 x+y=5  y =5  3x + 4y = 10  3(2) + 4y = 10
5
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 6 + 4y = 10  4y = 4
19 25  19 6
 y = 5  =  y= 1
5 5 5
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19 6 Ans. x = 2, y = 1
Ans. x  ,y
(b) By substitution Method :
5 5
(b) By substitution method : The given system of equations are
The given system of equation is 3x + 4y = 10 ...(i)
x+y=5 ...(i) 2x – 2y = 2 ...(ii)
2x – 3y = 4 ...(ii) From (i) find the value of x in terms of y
From (i) find the value of x in terms of y and 3x  4y  10  3x  10  4y
put in (ii) equation, we get 10  4y
 x+y=5  x=y–5 ...(iii)  x= ...(iii)
3
Substituting the value of x in (ii), we get Substituting the value of x in (ii), we get
 2x – 3y = 4  2(5 – y) – 3y = 4
 10  4y 
 10 – 2y – 3y = 4  2x – 2y = 2  2   2y = 2
 3 

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 2(10  4y)  6y 20  8y  67  3x – 5y = 4  3x = 4 + 5y
 2  2
3 3 4  5y
 x= ...(iii)
 20  14y  6  – 14y = 6 – 20 3
 – 14y = – 14  y=1 Substituting the value of (iii) in (ii), we get
Now, substituting the value of y in (iii), we get  4  5y 
 9x – 2y = 7  9   2y = 7
10  4y 10  4(1)  3 
 x= 
3 3 36  45y 36  45y  6y
  2y  7  7
10  4 6 3 3
 x= = 2
3 3  36 + 45y – 6y = 21
Ans. x  2, y  1  36 + 39y = 21  39y  21  36

IX
(iii) (a) By Elimination method 15 5
 39y = – 15  y= 
The given system of equation is 39 13
3x – 5y = 4 ...(i) Now substituting the value of y in (iii), we get
9x – 2y = 7 ...(ii)

FL
 5 
For making the coefficient of x in (i) and (ii) 4  5   4  25
 13   13
equal, we multiply equation (i) by 3 and sub- x=
3 3
tracting we get
52  25
3x  59  4   3 13 27 1 9
R
 x= =  =
9x  2y  7  3 13 3 13
9x  15y  12 ...(iii) 1
9x  2y  7 ...(iv) 5 9
E
Ans. x  ,y
13 13
 13y  25 Subtract (iv) from (iii)
(iv) (a) By Elimination method
13y  5  13y  5 The given system of equation is
IT

5 x 2y
 y=  =–1 ...(i)
13 2 3
Now putting the value of y in (i), we get y
x =3 ...(ii)
P

3
 5 
 3x – 5y = 4  3x – 5   = 4 Considering equation (i)
 13 
x 2y 3x  4y
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25 4 25   =–1  =–1
 3x  =4  3x =  2 3 6
13 1 13  3x + 4y = – 6
52  25 27 Similarity equation (i) and convert in standard
 3x =  3x = form
13 13
9 y 3x  y
 x=  x– =3  =3
13 3 3
9 5  3x – y = 9 ...(iii)
Ans. x  , y
Now, we have following pairs of equations :
13 13
(b) By Substitution Method : 3x + 4y = – 6 ...(i)
The given system of equation are 3x – y = 9 ...(ii)
3x – 5y = 4 ...(i) Since the coefficients of ‘x’ in (i) and(ii) are
9x – 2y = 7 ...(ii) equal. So simply by subtracting we can elimi-
From (i), find the value of x in terms of y nate the variable i.e., x

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 3x +4y = – 6 Find how many notes of each type she
3x – y = 9 Subtract (ii) from (i) received. V.V.I.
(v) A part of monthly expenditure of a family
 5y = – 15  y=–3 is constant and the remaining varies with the
Now putting the value of y in equation (i) price of wheat. When the rate of wheat is Rs.
 3x + 4y = – 6  3x + 4(–3) = – 6 250 per quintal, the total monthly expenditure
of the family is Rs. 1000 and when it is Rs.
 3x – 12 = – 6  3x = – 6 + 12
240 per quintal, the total monthly expenditure
 3x  6  x=2 of the family is Rs. 980. Find the total monthly
Ans. x = 2, y = 3 expenditure of the family when cost of wheat
(b) By Substitution method : is Rs. 350 per quintal.
(vi) A leading library has a fixed charge for
Now, we have following pairs of equations

IX
the first three days and an additional charge
3x + 4y = – 6 ...(i) for each day thereafter. Saritha paid Rs. 27
3x – y = 9 ...(ii) for a book kept for seven days. While Susy
paid Rs. 21 for the book she kept five days.
Form (ii) find the value of y in terms of x
Find the fixed charge and the charge for each

FL
 3x – y = 9   y  9  3x extra day. V.V.I.
 y = 3x – 9 ...(iii)
x
Substituting the value of (iii) in (i), we get Sol. (i) Let the fraction be y
 3x + 4y = – 6 According first condition
R
 3x + 4(3x – 9 ) = – 6 x 1
 3x + 12x – 36 = – 6
 y 1 = 1  (x + 1) = y – 1

 15x = – 6 + 36  15x = 30 or x  y  1  1  x  y  2 ...(1)

E
 x= 2 According second condition
Now, substituting the value of x in (iii), we get x 1
 y 1 = 2  2x = y + 1
IT

 y  3x  9  y  32  9
 y  69  y  3 or 2x – y = 1 ...(2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get x = 3 and y = 5
Ans. x = 2, y = – 3
x = 3 and y = 5
Q.2 From the pair of linear equations in the
P

following problems, and find their solutions x 3

Ans :  Required fraction = y  5
(if they exist) by the elimination method :
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(i) If we add 1 in the numerator of a Sol. (ii) Let the present age of Nuri and Sonu be
fraction and subtract 1 from its denominator, x and y years respectively then
the fraction becomes 1. If it is also given According first condition
that the fraction becomes 1/2 when we
add 1 to its denominator, then what is the  x – 5 = 3(y – 5)
fraction ?  x – 5 = 3y – 15
(ii) Five years ago Nuri was thrice as old as  x – 3y = – 10 ...(1)
Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice as old
According second condition
as Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu.
(iii) The sum of the digits of a two digit (x + 10) = 2(y + 10)
number is 9. Nine times this number is twice  x + 10 = 2y + 20
the number obtained by reversing the digits.
 x  2y  20  10
Find the number.
(iv) Meena went to a bank to draw Rs. 2000.  x –2y = 10 ...(2)
She asked the cashier to give her Rs. 50 and Solving (1) and (2), we get
Rs. 100 notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all.
x = 50 and y = 2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Ans : Hence, present age of Nuri is 50 years According first condition
and of Sonu is 20 years. x + (7 – 3)y = 27  x + 4y = 27 ...(1)
Sol. (iii) Let the digit at the Unit’s place be x According second condition
and the digit at the Ten’s place be y x + (5 – 3)y = 21
Required number = 10y + x
x + 2y = 21 ...(2)
According first condition
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
9 × (10y+ x) = 2 × (10x + y) x = 15 and y = 3
90y + 9x = 20x + 2y Ans : Fixed charge for first 3 days
99y  9x  20x  2y  0 = Rs.15 and next per day charge = Rs. 3
–11x + 88y = 0  – x + 8y = 0 ...(1) Q.3 A man when asked how many hens and

IX
According second condition buffaloes, he has told that his animals
x+y=9 ...(2) have 120 eyes and 180 legs. How many
Solving (i) and (ii), we get hens and buffaloes has he ?

FL
x = 8, y = 1 Sol. Let man has x hens and y buffaloes then
According to first condition
Ans : Requir number = 10y  x  10x  8  18
Sol. (iv) Let the number of notes of Rs. 50 and 2x + 2y = 120

Rs. 100 be x and y. Respectively then x + y = 60 (1)

According to second condition
R
According first condition
x + y = 25 ...(1) 2x + 4y = 180
According second condition x + 2y = 90 (2)
E
50x + 100y = 2000 Solving (1) and (2) we get
x + 2y = 40 ...(2) x = 30 and y = 30
IT

Solving (1) and (2), we get Ans :  man has 30 buffaloes and 30 hens
x = 10, y = 15 Q.4 A father’s age is equal to the sum of the
Ans : Rs. 50 notes 10 and Rs. 100 notes = 15. ages of his five children in 15 years, his
age will be one half of the sum of their
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Sol. (v) Let the constant expenditure of the

family be Rs. x and let the quantity of ages. How old is father ?
wheat consumed be y quintal Sol. Let Present ages of father and five sons
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(combined) be x and y years respectively

According first condition
According to first condition
x + 250y = 1000 ...(1)
x=y  x-y=0 (1)
According second condition
After 15 years, age of father = (x + 15) yr.
x + 240y = 980 ...(2)
After 15 years, ages of children=(y+75) yr.
Solving (1) and (2), we get
According to second condition
x = 500 and y = 2
2 (x + 15) = (y + 75)
Ans : Hence the total expenditure when the
2x + 30 = y + 75
cost of wheat is Rs. 350 per quintal
2x - y = 75 - 30  2x - y = 45 (2)
= Rs.(x + 2y) = Rs.[500 + 2 × 350] = Rs. 1200.
Solving (1) and (2) we get
Sol. (vi) Let the fixed charges for the Ist three days
x = 45 and y = 45
be Rs. x and the charge per day after
Ans :  Present age of father is 45 years
three days be Rs.y respectively

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 NCERT EXERCISE – 5
Q.1 Which of the following pair of linear equations has a unique solution. To solve the
equations has unique solution, no solution given equation by cross multiplication method,
or infinitely many solutions. In case there
we draw the diagram below:
is a unique solution, find it :
(i) x  3y  3  0 1 x -5 y 2 1 1

3x  9y  2  0
2 -8 3 -2
(ii) 2x  y  5
Then,
3x  2y  8
(iii) 3x  5y  20 x y


IX
6x  10y  40
1825 5382
(iv) x  3y  7  0 1
= 2231
3x 3y  15  0

FL
Sol. (i) We have given system of equation is x y 1
 8 10  15 16  43
x  3y  3  0
3x  9y  2  0 x y 1 x 1
      x2
Here, a1  1, b1  3, c1  3 2 1 1 2 1
R
a 2  3, b2  9, c2  2 y 1
   y 1
1 1
a1 1 b1 3 1
Now  ,   Ans. x  2, y  1
a 2 3 b2 9 3
E
Sol. (iii) We have given system of equation is
c1 3 3
and   3x  5y  20
c2 2 2
IT

6x  10y  40
a b c
Here, 1  1  1 the given pair of linear Above equations can be written as
a2 b2 c2
equations has no solutions. 3x  5y  20  0 ...(i)
P

Sol. (ii) We have given system of equation is 6x  10y  40  0 ...(ii)

2x  y  5
Hence, a1  3, b1  5, c1  20
3x  2y  8
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a 2  6, b 2 10, c2  40
Above equations can be written as
2x  y  5  0 a1 3 1 b1 5 1
  ,  
3x  2y  8  0 a 2 6 2 b 2 10 2

Here, a1  2, b1  1, c1  5 c1 20 1
and  
a 2  3, b2  2, c 2  8 c2 40 2

a1 2 b1 1 a1 b c
Now,  ;  Here,  1  1 the given pair of
a 2 3 b2 2 a 2 b2 c2
linear equation has infinitely many solution.
c1 5 5
and  
c2 2 2 Sol. (iv) We have given system of equation is
x  3y  7  0
a1 b
Now,  1 the given pair of linear 3x  3y  15  0
a 2 b2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Hence, a1  1, b1  3, c1  7 (a – b)x + (a + b)y = 3a + b – 2
a 2  3, b 2  3, c 2 15 Here, a1  2, b1  3, c1  7
a1 1 b1 3 1 a 2  a  b, b 2  a  b,c 2  3a  b  2
 ,  
a 2 3 b2 3 1 Infinite number of solutions, we know that
c1 7 7 a1 b c
and    = 1  1
c2 15 15 a2 b 2 c2
a1 b  3 7
Here,  1 the given pair of linear  = 
a2 b2 ab a  b 3a  b  2
equations has a unique solution. To solve the
Consider first and second ratio

IX
given equations by cross multiplication method,
we draw the diagram below : 2 3
 =
ab ab
-3 x -7 y 1 1 -3
 2(a + b) = 3(a – b)

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-3 -15 3 -3  2a + 2b = 3a – 3b

Then,  2a  2b  3a  3b  0
x y  a – 5b = 0 ...(i)

31573 73151 Consider second and third ratio
R
1 3 7
= 1333  =
ab 3a  b  2
E
x y 1  3(3a + b – 2) = 7(a + b)
  
45  21 2115 3 9  9a + 3b – 6 = 7a + 7b
IT

x y 1 x 1  9a  3b  6  7a  7b  0
    
24 6 6 24 6
 2a – 4b – 6 = 0
 6x  24  x  4
 a – 2b – 3 = 0 (ii)
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y 1
and   6y  6, y   1 Solving (i) and (ii) we get
6 6
a 5 and b 1
Ans. x  4, y  1
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Ans. a = 5 and b = 1.
Q.2 (i) For which values of a and b does the
following pair of linear equations have (ii) The given pair of linear equations is
an infinite number of solutions ? 3x + y = 1
2x + 3y = 7 V.V.I. (2k – 1) x + (k – 1)y = 2k + 1
(a – b)x + (a + b)y = 3a + b – 2
Above equations can be written as
(ii) For which value of k will the
3x + y – 1 = 0
following pair of linear equations have
no solution ? (2k – 1)x + (k – 1)y – (2k + 1) = 0
3x + y = 1 Her, a1  3, b1  1 and c1  1
(2k – 1)x + (k – 1)y = 2k + 1
a 2   2k  1 , b 2   k  1 , and
Sol. (i) We have given system of equations is
c 2   2k  1
2x + 3y = 7

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 For no solution, we know that 10
y  y5
b1 c1 2
a1
= b c Ans. x 2, y  5
a2 2 2
(II) By cross-multiplication method
3 1 1 8x  5y  9  0 (i)
 = 
2k  1 k  1 (2k  1) 3x  2y  4  0 (ii)
Consider first and second ratio Solving the equations, we get
 1 5 x -9 y 8 1 5
 =
2k  1 k 1
 3(k – 1) = 2k – 1 2 -4 3 2

IX
 3k – 3 = 2k – 1 Then,
 3k – 2k = 3 – 1  k = 2. x y

Q.3 Solve the following pair of linear equations 5429 93 48

FL
by the substitution and cross-multiplica- 1
= 8235
tion methods.
8x 5y  9 x y 1
=  
3x  2y  4 20 18 27  32 16 15
R
Sol. The given pair of linear equation is x y 1
  
8x 5y  9 (i) 2 5 1
3x  2y  4 (ii) x 1 and y  1
E
 
(I) By substitution method 2 1 5 1
From equation (ii) find the value of x in terms  x  2 and y  5
of y.
IT

Ans. x 2, y  5
 3x  2y  y  2y  4  3x
Q.4 From the pair of linear equations in the
4  3x
 y (iii) following problems and find their solutions
2
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(if they exist) by any algebraic method :

Substitute the value of y in equation (i), we get
(i) A part of monthly hostel charges is
 4  3x 
8x  5  9 fixed and the remaining depends on the
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  2 
number of days one has taken food in the mess.
8x  20  15x  When a student A takes food for 20 days she
  9
1 2 has to pay Rs. 1000 as Hostel charges where
16x  20  15x as a student B, who takes food for 26 days,
 9
2 pays Rs. 1180 as Hostel charges. Find the
 16x  20  15x  18 fixed charge and the cost of food per day.

 x  20  18 (ii) A fraction becomes 1/3 when 1 is

subtracted from the numerator and it becomes
 x  18  20
1/4 when 8 is added to its denominator. Find
 x  2 the fraction.
Substituting the value of x in equation (iii)
(iii) Yash scored 40 marks in a test, receiving
4  32 46 3 marks for each right answer and losing 1
 y  y
2 2 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 been awarded for each correct answer and
2 marks been deducted for each incorrect Solving (1) and (2), we get
answer, then Yash would have scored 50 x = 5, y = 12
marks. How many questions were there in
the test ? V.V.I. x 5
Ans : Required fraction = y =
(iv) Points and A and B are 100 km apart on 12
a highway. One car starts from A and Sol. (iii) Let the number of questions having cor-
another from B at the same time. If the cars rect answer be x and the number of questions
travel in the same direction at different
having incorrect answer be y.
speed, they meet in 5 hours.If they travel
towards each other they meet in 1 hour. What According first condition
are the speeds of the two cars ? V.V.I. 3x – y = 40 ...(1)

IX
(v) If in a rectangle, the length is increased
According second condition
and breadth is reduced by 2 units each, the
area is reduced by 28 square units. If the length 4x – 2y = 50 ...(2)
is reduced by 1 unit, and breadth is increased Solving (1) and (2), we get
by 2 units, the area increased by 33 square

FL
x = 15, y = 5
units. Find the area of the reactangle.
Sol. (i) Let monthly fixed mess charges be Rs.x Ans : Number of questions in all are
and per day mess charge be Rs. y 15 + 5 = 20.
According first condition Sol. (iv) Let P and Q be the two cars starting
x + 20y = 1000 ...(1) from points A and B respectively. Let their
R
According second condition speeds be x and y km/hr respectively.
x + 26y = 1180 Case 1 : When they are going in same direction.
E
Solving (1) and (2), we get Let they meet at point M.
x = 400, y = 30
Ans : Hence fixed monthly charges = Rs. 400
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and mess charges per day = Rs. 30

Sol. (ii) Let numerator and denominator of a Distance travelled by car A in 5 hrs. = 5x km
fraction be x and y respectively. i.e AM = 5x km
P

x Distance travelled by car B in 5 hrs. = 5y km

Fraction is y .
i.e. BM = 5y km
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According first condition Now, According question condition.

x 1 1 AB = AM - BM
y = 3 100 = 5x - 5y
 3x – 3 = y or 5x - 5y = 100  x - y = 20 (1)
 3x – y = 3 ...(1)
According second condition Case 2 : When they are going in opposite
x 1 direction. Let they cars meet at point M.
y8 = 4
100 m
 y  8  4x
A B
 y – 4x + 8 = 0 x M y

 4x  4  8 Distance travelled by car A in one hr. = x km

4x – y = 8 ...(2) i.e. AM = x km


SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Distance travelled by car B in one hr. = y km
i.e. BM = y km
Now, According question condition.
AB = AM + BM
100 = x + y
x + y = 100 (2)
Solving (1) and (2) we get
x = 60 and y = 40
Ans : Speeds of car A are 60 km / hr
and speed of car 40 km/ hr.

IX
Sol. (v) Let the length of the rectangle be x units
and breadth be y units. Then area of rect-
angle = x  y sq. units.

FL
According first condition

 (x + 2)(y – 2) = xy – 28

 xy – 2x + 2y – 4 = xy – 28
R
 – 2x + 2y = – 28 + 4

 –2x + 2y = 24
E
or x – y = 12 ...(1)

According second condition

IT

 (x – 1)(y + 2) = xy + 33

 xy + 2x – y – 2 = xy + 33

 2x  y  2  33
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 2x – y = 33 + 2

 2x – y = 35 ...(2)
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Solving (i) and (ii), we get

x = 23 and y = 11

Hence the area of the rectangle is given by

xy = 23 × 11 = 253 sq. unit.

Ans : Area of rectangle = 253 sq unit.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 6
Q.1 Solve the following pair of equations by 1 1
Now u  2
reducing them to a pair of linear equations: x x

1 1 1 1 13 1
(i)   2,   2x 1  x  2
2x 3y 3x 2y 6
1 1
2 3 4 9 and v  3
(ii)  2,   1 V.V.I. y y
x y x y
1
4 3 3y  1, y 
(iii)  3y  14,  4y  23 3
x x
1 1

IX
5 1 6 3 Ans. x  , y 
(iv) x  1  y  2  2, x  1  y  2  1 2 3
Sol. (ii) The given system of equation are
7x  2y 8x  7y 2 3 4 9
(v)  5, 5   2 and x  y   1
xy xy

FL
x y
(vi) 6x  3y  6xy, 2x  4y  5xy V.V.I.
1 1
Let  u and  v then the given
10 2 15 5 x y
(vii) x  y  x  y  4, x  y  x  y  2
system of equation becomes
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1 1 3 2u + 2v = 2 ...(i)
(viii) 3x  y  3x  y  4 ,
4u – 9v = –1 ...(ii)
1 1 1 Solving (i) and (ii) we get
E
  V.V.I.
2(3x  y) 2(3x  y) 8 1 1
Sol. (i) The given system of equations are v and u 
3 2
IT

1 1 1 1 13 1 1 1
  2;   
2x 3y 3x 2y 6 Now, u 
2 x 2
1   x = 2  x4
Let  u and  v . Then, the given system
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x y 1
1 1
and V =  =
of equation becomes 3 y 3
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1 1 4u  2v  y =3  y = 9
 u v =2  2
2 3 6 Ans. x = 4, y = 9
 3u + 2v = 12 (i) Sol. (iii) The given system of equation are
1 1 13 4 3
and u v =  3y 14 and  4y  23
3 2 6 x x

2u  3v 13 1
 = Let = a then, the given equations become
6 6 x
 2u + 3v = 13 (ii) 4a + 3y = 14 ...(i)
Thus, we have two equations 3a – 4y = 23 ...(ii)
3u + 2v = 12 ...(i) Solving (i) and (ii) we get
2u + 3v = 13 ...(ii) y = 2 and a = 5
Solving (i) and (ii) we get u = 2 and v = 3 1
Now a 5  5
x

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 1 1 1
5x  1  x  Let  u,  v . Then the given system of
5 x y
 equations become
Ans. x = and y = – 2
5
7v – 2u = 5 ....(iii)
Sol. (iv) The given system of equation are
8v + 7u = 15 ...(iv)
5 1 6 3 Solving (iii) and (iv), we get
  2 and  1
x 1 y  2 x 1 y  2
v = 1 and u = 1
1 1 1
Let  u and  v then, the given Now 1
x 1 y 1 u 1 
x
equations becomes x 1

IX
5u + v = 2 ...(i) 1 1
and v  4  y  1
6u – 3v = 1 ...(ii)
1 1 y 1
Solving (i) and (ii) we get u  and v 

FL
3 3 Ans. x  1 and y  1
1 1 1 Sol. (vi) Given system of equaiton are
Now, u=  =
3 x 1 3 6x  3y  6xy and 2x  4y  5xy
 x–1=3  x=4 Considering first equation
1 1 1 6x + 3y = 6xy
R
and v=  y2 =
3 3 Whole equation divided by xy
 y–2=3  y=5 6x 3y 6xy
 =
E
xy xy xy
Ans. x = 4, y = 5
6 3
Sol. (v) The system of equation are 
 y x =6 ...(i)
IT

7x  2y 8x  7y
 5, 5 Considering second equation
xy xy
2x + 4y = 5xy
Considering first equation
Dividing both sides by xy, we get
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7x  2y 2x 4y 5xy
xy = 5  7x – 2y = 5xy  =
xy xy xy
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Whole equation diving by xy 2 4


7x 2y 5xy
 y x =5 ...(ii)
 =
xy xy xy 1 1
Let  u,  v. The given system of equa-
 2 x y

 y x =5 ...(i)
tion becomes
Consider second equation 6v + 3u = 6 ...(iii)
8x  7y 2v + 4u = 5 ...(iv)
5 ...(i)
xy
Solving (iii) and (iv), we get
8x  7y 5xy
1
Dividing both sides by xy, we get u 1 and v 
2
8x 7y 15xy 8 7
 1
xy xy = xy  y  x = 15 ...(ii) Now, u = 1 and v =
2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 1 1 1 3x  y  4 (iii) and 3x  y  2 (iv)
 1  
x y 2 Solving (iii) and (iv), we get
 x=1  y=2 x 1 and y 1
Ans. x = 1, y = 1
Ans. x = 1 and y = 2
Sol. (vii) Given system of equation are Q.2 Formulate the following problems as a pair
15 5 of linear equations, and hence find their
x 2
  4 and x  y  x  y  2 solutions :
xy xy
(i) Ritu can row downstream 20 km in
1 1 2 hours, and upstream 4 km in 2 hours. Find
Let  u and  v . Then the given
xy xy her speed of rowing in still water and the speed

IX
system of equation become of the current. V.V.I.
10u + 2v = 4 ...(i) (ii) 2 women and 5 men can together finish a
15u – 5v = – 2 ...(ii) piece of embroidery in 4 days, while 3 women
Solving (i) and (ii), we get and 6 men can finish it in 3 days. Find the time

FL
taken by 1 woman alone to finish the
1
u and v  1 embriodery, and that taken by 1 man alone.
5
V.V.I.
1 (iii) Roohi travels 300 km to her home
Now, u= and v = 1
5 partly by train and partly by bus. She takes
R
1 1 1 4 hours if she travels 60 km by train and the
1
 xy = 5  xy remaining by bus. If she travels 100 km by train
x+y=5  x–y=1 and the remaining by bus, she takes
E

Solving (iii) and (iv), we get 10 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train
and the bus separately. V.V.I.
 x  3 and y  2
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Sol. (i) Let Ritu’s speed of rowing in still water

Ans. x = 3, y = 2
be x km/h and speed of the current be
Sol. (viii) Given system of equations are from
question y km/h then
 Speed of boat in downstream=(x + y)km/h
P

1 1
Let (3x  y)  u and 3x  y  v
Speed of boat in upstream = (x – y)km/h
Then the given system of equations becomes According to first condition
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3
 u+v=  4u  4v  3 (i) 20 20
4  Tu   2= xy
xy
u v 1 4  v 1
and  =    2x + 2y = 20  x + y = 10 ...(i)
2 2 8 2 8
8  u  v    2  8u  8v  2 (ii) According to second condition

Solving (i) and (ii), we get 4 4
 Ta   2= xy
1 1 xy
u and v 
4 2
 2x – 2y = 4  x – y = 2 ...(ii)
1 1
Now, u= and v  Solving (1) and (2), we get
4 2
x = 6 and y = 4
1 1 1 1
 = and  Ans : Ritu speed of rowing in still water is 6
3x  y 4 3x  y 2
km/h and speed of current is 4 km/h.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Sol. (ii) Let one woman takes x days and one man Whole equation dividing 4, we get
takes y days to complete the embroidery.
15 60 1
  = ...(i)
1 x y 15
So, woman’s one day work = and man’s one
x
1 Case II : When she travels 100 km by train
day work = y and the remaining (300 – 100) km, i.e., 200 km

1 by bus the time taken is 4 hours 10 minutes

 2 women’s and 5 men’s one day work = 4
25  10 1 25 
According first condition i.e., hours.  4   4  
6  60 6 6 
2 5 1
 According question condition
 x y = 4 ...(1)

IX
According second condition 23
TT  TB 
3 6 6
 1
x y = 3 ...(2)
100 200
 25

FL
1 1
 x y = 6
Let x  a and y  b , then the system of
equation (1) and (2) reduces to 100km 200km
1 A 300 km B
2a + 5b =
4 Whole equation divided by 25
R
 8a + 20b = 1 ...(3)
4 8
1   = 1 ...(ii)
3a + 6b = x y 6
3
E
 9a + 18b = 1 ...(4) 1 1
Let  m and  n , then given system
Solving (3) and (4), we get x y
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1 1 of equation becomes
Now, a and b 
18 36

1 1 1 1  15m  60n  1 ....(iii)

and y  36
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and 
x 18 1
and 4m  8n 
x  18 and y  36 6
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Ans : 1 woman takes 18 days and 1 man  24m  48n  1 ....(iv)

takes 36 days to complete the embroidery. Solving (iii) and (iv), we get
Sol. (iii) Let the speed of the train and the bus be
1 1
x km/hr and y km/hr respectivley. m and n 
60 80
Case I : When she travels 60 km by train and
1 1
the remaining (300 – 60) km, i.e., 240 km by Now m and n 
60 80
bus the time taken is 4 hours.
TT  TB  4 1 1 1 1
 and y  80
x 60
60km 240km
x  60 and dy  80
A B
60 240  Distance  Ans. The speed of the train is 60 km/hour and
 time =
 x y = 4  speed 
 the speed of the bus is 80 km/hr.

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 NCERT EXERCISE – 7
Q.1 A and B are friends and their ages differ  2y = 340 or y = 170
by 2 years. A’s Father D is twice as old Ans : one friend has Rs. 40 and other friend
as A and B is twice as old as his sister has Rs. 170.
C. The ags of D and C differ y 40 years.
Q.3 A train covered a certain distance at a
Find the ages of A and B. V.V.I. uniform speed. If the train would have
Sol. Let Present ages of A and B be x and y years been 10 km/h faster, it would have taken
respectively then. According to first condition 2 hours less than the scheduled time.
And, if the train were slower by 10 km/hr;
x-y= +2 (1)
it would have taken 3 hours more than the

IX
 The aged of D is twice the age of A scheduled time. Find the distance cov-
 A’s Age = 2x and age of B is twice the ered by the train. V.V.I.
age of C  Cs age’s = y/2 years. Sol. Let distance covered by train be x km and
According to second condition uniform speed of train be y km/h

FL
x
y Usual time to cover with uniform speed = y hr
D - C = 40  2x   40
2 Increased speed = (y + 10) km/h and
4x  y decreased speed = (y - 10) km/h
 40  4x - y = 80 (2)
2 Case I : time taking by train in increased speed
R
Solving (1) and (2), we get x=26 and y= 24 x  dis tan ce 
is given by =  Time  
Ans : Ages of A and B are 26 years and 24 years y  10  speed 
E
Q.2 One says, “Give me hundred rupees According first condition :
friend! I shall become twice as rich as
x x
you.” The other replies, “If you give me  2  x  x = 2
4 y  10 y y  10
IT

ten rupees. I shall be six times as rich as

you.” Tell me what is the amount of their 1 1 
x  2
(respective) capital. V.V.I.  y y  10 
P

Sol. Let one friend has Rs. x and the other friend
 y  10  y   10 
has Rs. y then. According first condition.  x  =2  x  2
 y( y  10)   y  y  10  
x + 100 = 2(y – 100)
JU

x + 100 = 2y – 200 2 y( y  10)

 x= 10
...(1)
 x  2y  200  100
Case II : time taking train in reducing speed
 x – 2y = – 300 ...(1)
x
According second condition is given by = y  10

y + 10 = 6(x – 10) According second condition :

 y + 10 = 6x – 60 x x x x
  3  y  10  y = 3
y  10 y
 6x  60  y  10
 6x  y  10  60  1 1  y  y  10 
x    3 or  =3
 6x – y = 70 ...(2)  y  10 y   y( y  10) 
Solving (i) and (ii), we get  10 
 x 3
 x = 40 and y = 170  y  y  10  

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 3 y ( y  10) Q.5 In a ABC,  C = 3  B = 2(  A +  B),
 x= ...(2)
10
Find the three angles.
Equating (1) and (2), we get
Sol.   C = 3  B = 2 (  A +  B) (given)
2 y( y  10) 3y( y  10)
=   C = 2(  A +  B)
10 10
  A +  B =  C/2 (1)
 2  y  10   3  y  10 

 2y + 20 = 3y – 30 A

 2y  3y  30  20
  y  50  y  50

IX
Put y = 5in (i), we get, x = 600
Ans : Distance travelled = 600 km B B
and uniform speed = 50 km/p In ABC;

FL
Q.4 The students of a class are made to stand  A +  B +  C = 180o
in rows. If 3 students are extra in a row,
there would be 1 row less. If 3 students (angle sum property of a triangle)
are less in a row there would be 2 rows C
more. Find the number of students in   C  180o using (1)
2
R
the class. V.V.I.
C  2k
Sol. Let the number of rows be and the number of  1800  3C  1800
2 2
students in each row be x and y respectively.
E
then total number of students = xy 3  C = 360o   C = 120o
Case I : According question information   C = 3  B 120  3  B,  B =40o
IT

Number of students in each row =  y  3 and Now,  A +  B +  C = 180o

number of rows =  x  y   A + 40o + 120o = 180o

(x –1)(y + 3) = xy  A = 180o - 160o = 20o

P


 xy + 3x –y – 3 = xy Ans :  A = 20o,  B = 40o and  C = 120o

 3x – y = 3 ...(1) Q.6 Draw the graphs of the equations 5x – y =

JU

5 and 3x – y = 3. Determine the co-ordi-

Case II : According question information
nates of the vertices of the triangle formed
Number of row =  x  2  and number of stu-
by these lines and the y-axis. V.V.I.
dents in each row =  y  3 Sol. Given system of equations are
According second condition : 5x – y = 5 ...(i)
 (x +2)(y – 3) = xy 3x – y = 3 ...(ii)
 xy – 3x+2y–6 = xy Table for equation : 5x  y  5 and 3x  y  3
 – 3x + 2y = 6 ...(2) (i) 5x  y  5 (ii) 3x  y  3
Solving (1) and (2), we get y = 9 and x = 4
x 0 1 2 x 0 1 2
 The total number of students = xy = x 9  36 y 5 0 5 y 3 0 3
Ans : Total no. of students 36

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Sol. (ii) The given system of equations are
ax  by 1 and bx  ay  1  c
Multiply (i) equation by a and (ii) equation by b
ax  by  c   a

bx  ay  1  c   b

a 2 x  aby  ac (iii)

b 2 x  aby  b  b (iv)
Subtract (iv) from (iii)
Coordinates of the vertices of the triangle ABC
 a 2  b2  x  ac  b  bc

IX
are A(1, 0) B(0, –3) and (0, –5)
Q.7 Solve the following pair of linear equa- ac  b  bc
x
tions:
 a 2  b2 

FL
(i) px + qy = p – q, qx – py = p + q
ac  b  bc
(ii) ax + by = c, bx + ay = 1 + c Put x  in equation (i)
a 2  b2
x y ax  by  c
(iii)   0, ax  by  a 2  b 2
a b
 ac  b  bc 
 a 2   by  c
R
(iv) (a  b)x  (a  b)y  a 2  2ab  b 2
 a  b2 
(a  b)(x  y)  a 2  b 2
a 2 c  ab  abc
(v) 152x – 378y = – 78,   by  c
E
a 2  b2
– 378x + 152y = –604
a 2 c  ab  abc
Sol. (i) Given system of equations are  by  c 
IT

a 2 b2
px + qy = p – q ...(1)
qx – py = p + q ...(2)
 by 
  
c a 2  b2  a 2 c  ab  abc 
Multiply (i) equation by P and (ii) equation by a 2  b2
P

q we get
a 2 c  b2 c  a 2 c  ab  abc
 by 
px  qy  p  q   p a 2  b2
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
q  py  p  q   q
ab  b 2 c  abc
 by 
p 2 x  pqy  p 2  pq (iii) a 2  b2
q 2 x  pqy  pq  q 2 (iv) ab  b 2c  abc
 y
Adding (ii) and (iv)
 a 2  b2  b
 p2  q 2   p2  q 2
b  a  bc  ac 
x 1  y
Put x  1 in equation (i) 
b a2  b2 
 px  qy  p  q
a  bc  ac
 p  1  qy  p  q  y
 p  qy  p.q  a 2  b2 
 qy  q  y  1
(iii) Given system of equation are
Ans. x  1 and y  1

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 x y  a  b  y  a 2  2ab  b2  a 2  b 2
  0 and ax  by  a 2  b 2
a b a  b y   2ab
x y bx  ay 2ab
 0  0 y
a b ab ab
 bx  ay  0 ..(i) (v) Given system of equation is
152x  378y  74 ..(i)
and ax  by  a 2  b 2 ...(ii)
378x  152y  604 ...(ii)
b 2 x  aby  0 ...(iii) Adding (i) and (ii), we get
Adding (iii) and (iv) 226x  226y  678
a 2 x  aby  a 3  ab 2 ..(iv)  226x  226y  678

IX
Multiplying (i) by b and (ii) by a and Whole equation divided by 226, we get
xy3 ...(iii)
bx  ay  0 Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
ax  by  a 2  b 2  a  b 378x  152y  604

FL
152x  378y  74
(a 2  b 2 ) x  a (a 2  b 2 )
  
  
a 2  b2 x  a a 2  b2   xa ----------------------------------------------------
Rest x  a in equation 530x  530y  530
Whole equation divided by 530, we get
R
ax  by  0  ab – ay = 0 ..(i)
  x  y  1
 ab = ay  y = b
 x  y 1 ...(iv)
Ans : x = a, y = b
E
Solving (iii) and (iv), we get
(iv) (a – b)x + (a + b)y = a2 – 2ab – b2 ...(1)
(a + b)(x + y) = a2 + b2 Ans. x  2, y  1
IT

 a  b  x   a  b  y  a 2  b2 ..(2)
Subtract (2) from (1) Q.8 In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD,
A = (2x + 4) , B = (y + 3) , C = (2y + 10)o,
o o
 a  b  x   a  b  y  a 2  2ab  b2
P

D = (4x – 5)o, find the four angles.

2 2
 a  b x  a  b y  a b
    Sol.  ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral
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-----------------------------------------------------
 A  C  1800
2
 a  b    a  b  x   2ab  2b

 a  b  a  b  x   2b  a  b 
2bx  2b  a  b 

 2bx  2b  a  b   x  a  b
Put x   a  b  in equal (3)
 2x + 4 + 14+ 2y + 10 = 180
 a  b  x   a  b  y  a 2  2ab  b2
 2x + 2y + 14 = 1800
2 2
 a  b a  b    a  b y  a  2ab  b
 2x  2y  180 0  14
2 2 2 2
a  b   a  b  y  a  2ab  b
 2x  2y  166

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  x + y = 83 ...(1)

 ABCD is a cyclic is  B  D  1800

 y + 3 + 4x – 5 = 180
 4x  y  2  180 ...(2)
4x  y  182
Solving (1) and (2), we get x = 3 and y = 50
 A = (2x + 4)o = (2 × 33o + 4) = 70o
B = (y + 3)o = (50o + 3) = 53o
C = (2y + 10)o = (2 × 50o + 10) = 110o

IX
D = (4x + 5)o = (4 × 33o + 5) = 127o
Ans : Required angles are 70o, 55o, 110o and 127o

FL
Q.9 A person starts his job with a certain
monthly salary and earns a fixed
increment every year. If his salary was
Rs. 4500 after 4 years of service and
R
Rs. 5400 after 10 years of service. V.V.I.
Sol. Let initial salary and fixed increment beRs. x
E
and Rs. y respectively.
According to first condition
x + 4y = 4500 (1)
IT

According to second condition

x + 10 y = 5400 (2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get
P

x = 3900 and y = 150

Ans. Initial salary and fixed increment is Rs. 3900
JU

and Rs. 150 respectively.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

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SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 CHAPTER : 4 – COORDINATE GEOMETRY
NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q1. Find the distance between the following
AB =  2  12   3  52  12   7 2
pairs of points :
(i) (2,3), (4,1) = 1  4  5 units

(ii) (-5,7), (-1,3) BC = ( 2  2)2  ( 11  3) 2

(iii) (a,b), (-a,-b)
Sol. (i) Let A (2, 3) and B(4,1)
=  4 2   14 2 = 16  196

Using distance formuls = 212 = 2 53 units

IX
AB = (x 2  x1 ) 2  (y 2  y1 ) CA = ( 2  1)2  (11  5) 2

= (4  2) 2  (1  3) 2 =  32   16 2 = 9  256

FL
= 44  8 2 2 Units = 265 units
(ii) Let A (-5,7), and B(-1, 3)  CA  AB + BC
 No. Pts. A,B and C are not collinear.
AB = [ 1  ( 5)]2  (3  7) 2 Q4. Check whether (5, -2), (6,4) and (7,-2)
are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.
= ( 1 5)2  ( 4) 2 = 16  16 Sol. Let A(5, -2) B(6,4) and C(7, -2) be the
R
vertices of a triangle.
= 32  16  2  4 2 units
A (5, -2)
(iii) Let A(a,b), (-a, -b)
E
AB = ( a  a)2  ( b  b) 2
B(6, 4) C (7, -2)
IT

2 2 2 2
=  2a    2b  = 4a  4b Using distance formula
= 4(a 2  b 2 ) = 2 a 2  b 2 units AB = (6  5) 2  (4  2) 2  12   6 2
Q2. Find the distance between the points
P

= 1  36  37 units
(0,0) and (36, 15). Can you now find the
distance between the two towns A nd B BC = (7  6) 2  (2  4)2
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discussed in Section 7.2. = 1  36  37 units

Sol. Let O(0,0), and A(36,15)
CA = (7  5)2  (2  2) 2
Using distance formula.

OA = (36  0)2  (15  0) 2 =  2 2   0 2  4  0  2 units

= 1296  225 = 1521 = 39 sq Units  AB=BC= 37 units

Section 7.2 page 156 Yes,  ABC is an isosceles triangle.
Let A (0, 0), and B (36, 15) Q5. In a classrom, 4 friends are seated at the
points A,B,C and D as shwon in Fig.1.
AB =  36 2  15 2  1521  391sq units
Champa and Chameli, “Don’t you think
Q3. Determine if the points (1,5), (2,3) and ABCD is a square”Chameli disagrees.
(-2, -11) are collinear. Using istance formula, find which of them
Sol. Let A A(1,5), B(2,3) and C(-2, -11) is correct.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 10
(iii) (4, 5), (7, 6), (4, 3), (1,2)
Sol (i) Let A(-1, -2), B(1, 0), C(-1, 2), D(-3, 0)
9
8 Y
(-1, 2)C
B (6, 7)
7

(-3, 0)
D
6

x B(1,0) x
5

A (3, 4) C (9, 4)
(-1, -2) A
4
3

Y
2

D (6, 1) AB = [1  ( 1)]2  [0  (2)]2 = 4  4

1

= 8= 42 = 2 2 Unit

IX
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BC  ( 1  1) 2  (2  0)2 =  2  2   2  2
Sol A(3,4), B(6,7), C(9,4), D(6,1)
= 4  4  8  2 2 Unit
2
AB = (6  3)  (7  4) = 9  9 2

FL
CD  ( 3  1) 2  (0  2) 2
= 18 = 9  2 = 3 2 units
 (2) 2  ( 2) 2 = 4  4
BC = (9  6)  (4  7) 2 2 = 99
 8 2 2 Unit
= 18 = 3 2 units
R
2
DA  ( 3  1) 2   0  2 
CD = (6  9)2  (1  4) 2 = 9  9
2
= 18 = 3 2 units  ( 2)2   2   8  2 2 Unit
E
CA = (6  3) 2  (1  4) 2 = 9  9 AB = BC = CD = DA
 All four sides are equal ...(i)
= 18 = 3 2
IT

Hence AB = BC= CD = DA
AC = ( 1  1) 2  (2  2) 2

 Quad. ABCD is either a sq. or a rombus =  0 2   4 2 = 0  16  4 units

AC = (9  3) 2  (4  4) 2
P

BD = ( 3  1) 2  (0  0) 2
=  6 2   0 2 = 36  0 = 6 units
=  4 2   0  2 = 16  0  4 units
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BD   0  2   6  2 = (6  6) 2  (1  7)2  Diagonal AC = Diagonal BD .....(ii)

= 0  36 = 6 From (i) and (ii), ABCD is a square.

AC = BD (ii) Let A (-3,5), B (3,1), C (0,3) and D (-1, -4)

Y
 From (i) and (ii), all 4 sides are equal. also A(-3, 5)
5
both the diagonals are equal. 4
C(0, 3,)
 ABCD ia square Hence Champa iscorrect. 3
2
Q6. Name the type of quadrilateral formed, 1 B(3, 1)

if any, by the following points, and give X -4 -3 -2 -1 X

-1 1234
reasons for your answer : -2
(i) (-1, -2), (1, 0), (-1, 2), (-3, 0) -3
-4
(-1,-4)D
(ii) (-3, 5), (3, 1), (0, 3), (1-, -4) -5
Y

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Q7. Find the point on the x-axis which is
AB = (3  3) 2  (1  5)2  36  16
equidistant from (2, -5) and (-2, 9).
= 52  13  4  2 13 unit Sol.. Let P (x,0) be any point on x-axis
BC = (3  0)2  (1  3)2   3  2   2  2 Let A(2, -5) and (-2, 9)
 PA = PB A2 =PB2
 PA
 94 = 13 units
(x-2)2+(0+5)2= (x+2)2+(0-9)2
BC + AC = 13  13  2 13  AB x 2  4  4x  25  x 2  4  4x  81
 Pts. A, B, C are collinear 4x  29  4x  85  4x  4x  85  29
Hence ACBD is not a quadrilateral. 8x  56  8x  56  x  7
(iii) Let A(4,5), B (7,6), C (4,3), D (1, 2)
Req. points on x axis is (–7, 0)

IX
Y
7 Q8. Find the values of y for which the
B(7,
6 6) distance between the points P(2, -3) and
, 5)
5 A(4

FL
Q(10,Y) is 10 units.
4
3
sol.  PQ = 10  PQ2 = 10
, 3) (10 - 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 100
2 C(4
D8(1, 2)
1 64 + y2 + 9 + 6y - 100 = 0
 y 2  6y  27  0
R
X O
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 X
Y
 y 2  9y  3y  27  0
 y(y  9)  3(y  9)  0
E
AB = (7  4) 2  (6  5) 2   32  12  (y  9)(y  3)  0
= 9  1  10 units  y  9  0or y  3  0
IT

 y = –9 or y = 3
BC = (4  7) 2  (3  6) 2   3  2    3  2
Q9. If Q (0, 1) is equidistant from P(5, -3)
= 9  9  18  3 2 units and R (x, 6) find the values of x. Also
P

find the distances QR and PR.

CD = (1  4)2  (2  3) 2   32   12
Sol.  QP = QR  QP2 = QR2
 9  1  10 units (5 - 0)2 + (-3 -1)2 = (x - 0)2 + (6 - 1)2
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2
AD = (1  4)2  (2  5) 2   3  2    3  2 52   4   x 2  52

= 9  9  18  3 2 units 25  16  x 2  25  x 2  16
AB = CD = 10 and BC = AD = 3 2 x= 4

Opp.sides are equal Q (0,1), R (x, 6) ; Q(0,1), R( 4,6)

AC = (4  4) 2  (3  5)2   0  2   2  2 QR = (4  0) 2  (6  1) 2   4  2   5  2
= 0  4  2 units QR = 41 units
P(5, -3), R (x, 6) ; P(5, –3), R(4, 6)
BD = (1  7) 2  (2  6)2   6  2    4  2
= 36  16  52  2 13 units
PR  (4  5) 2  [6  ( 3)]2   12   9 2
AC  BD ,  Quad. ABCD is a ||gm  1  81  82 units

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 P(5, -3), R(x, 6) ; P(5, – 3), R(–4, 6)

PR  (4  5)2  [6  ( 3)]2   9  2   9  2
PR  162  2  81  9 2 unit
Q10. Find a relation between x and y such that
the point (x,y) is equaidistant from the
point (3,6) and (-3, 4).
Sol. Lt P (x,y), A(3 ,6), B (-3, 4)
 PA=PB ;  PA
A2 = PB2
(3-x)2 + (6 - y)2 = (x +3)2 + (y – 4)2

IX
9 + x2 - 6x + 36 + y2 - 12y
= 9 + x2 + 6x + 16 + y2 - 8y
 6x  12y  6x  8y  16  36
 12x  4y  20

FL
 3x +y =5 = 3x +y-5 = 0
R
E
IT
P
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SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
Q1. Find the coordinates of the point which  required coordinates of point c is (2, -5/3)
divides the join of (-1, 7) and (4, -3) in (ii) to find the coordinate of point D is
the ratio 2 :3 required ratio is 1: 2 i.e.,
Sol. Let point C (x, y) divides the line segment AD : DB = 2 : 1 the coordinates of
joining the points A (-1,7) and B (4,-3) in ratio point D is given by
of 2 : 3 m1x 2  m 2 x1 m y  m 2 y1
(-1,7) (4, -3)
x and y  1 2
1 : m1  m2 m1  m2
A C(x,y) B
2   2   1   4  2(3)   1
Using Section formula the coordinate of x and y 

IX
1 2 2 1
point c is given by.
4  4 6  1
m x  m2x 1 m y  m 2 y1 x and y 
x 1 2 ;y  1 2 3 3
m1  m2 m1  m2
7

FL
x  0and y 
2  4  3   1 2   3  3  7 3
x ;y 
23 23  required coordinates of points D is
83 6  21 (0, -7/3)
x and y 
5 5 Q3. To conduct Sports Day activities, in your
R
83 6  21 rectangular shaped school ground
x and y 
5 5 ABCD, Lines have been drawn with
5 15 chalk powder at a distance of 1 m each.
E
x   1 and y   3
5 5 100 flower pots have been placed at a
Required coordinates of point c is (1, 3) distance of 1 m from each other along
IT

Q2. Find the coordinates of the points of AD, as shown in Fig. 2. Niharika runs
trisection of the line segment joining 1/4 th
the distance AD on the 2nd kube
(4, -1) and (-2, -3) and oists a green flag. Preet runs 1/5 th
P

(4,-1) 1 2 (-2, -3)

Sol. the distance AD on the eighth line and
A C D B
posts a red flag. What is the distance
Let points C and d devides the line segment
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between both the flags. If Rashmi has to

joining the points A (4, -1) and B (-2, -3) into
post a blue flag exaclly halfway between
3 equal parts to find the coordinates of point
the line segment joiningh the two flags,
C required ratio is AC : CB = 1:2. The
where should she post her flag ?
coordinate of point C is given by
C D
m1x 2  m 2 x1 m y  m2 y1
x and y  1 2 45
m1  m 2 m1  m2 40
35 Niharika
1  2   2   4  1   3   2  1 30 Preet
x and y  25
1 2 1 2 20
15
2  8 3  2
x and y  10
3 3 5
A B
6 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x   2and y 
3 3

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 (2,25) (6, -8) Let C (x, 0) be any pt. on X-axis divides the
Sol. (i)
A B line segment joining the points A(1, –5)
Distance between two flags is given by & B(–4, 5) in the ratio of k : 1, then Cordinate
=  x 2  x1 2   y 2  y1 2 of point C is Given by
 m x  m 2 x1   m1y 2  m 2 y1 
= (8  2)2  (20  25) 2   6  2   5  2 x  1 2 & y   
 m1  m2   m1  m 2 
 x  x2   y  y2  k  5  1   5
x  1  &y   1  m1y2  m 2 y1
 2   2  y 0
m1  m 2 k 1
 28 25  20 
= x  ,y   5k  5

IX
 2 2   0  5k  5  0
k 1
10 45  5k = 5  k=1
x  5; y   22.5 = 5,22.5
2 2 Hence req. ratio is K : 1 = 1 : 1
In the 5th line at a distance of 22.5 m

FL
m1x 2  m 2 x1 1   4   1  1
Q4. Find the ratio in which the line segment now x x
m1  m 2 11
joining the points (-3, 10) and (6, 8)
4  1 3
is divided by (-1, 6). x 
2 2
Sol.
R
(-3,10) K (-1, 6) 1 (6, -8)  3 
Hence coordinate point C is  ,0 
A C B  2 
Let point C(–1, 6) divides the line segment Q6. If (1,2), (4, y), (x, 6) and (3, 5) are the
E
joining the points (–3, 10) and (6, – 8) in the vertices of a parallelogram taken in
ratio of k : 1. Then by using Section Formula order, find x and y.
IT

m1x 2  m 2 x1 m y  m 2 y1 Sol. We know diagonal of a ||gm bisect each other

x and y  1 2
m1  m2 m1  m2  Mid-pt. of AC = Mid pt. of BD
x = -1 and y=6
A(1,2) B(4,y)
k  6  1 3
P

k  8  1  10
1  and 6 
k 1 k 1
6k  3 8k  10
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1  and 6  D(3,5) C(x,6)

k 1 k 1
 -1(k+1) = 6k-3  x 1 2  6   3  4 5  y 
 ,  , 
 -k - 1 = 6k -3  2 2   2 2 

 -k - 6k = -3+1  -7k = -2 x 1 7 8 5 y
 and 
 7k = 2  k=2/7 2 2 2 2

 Req. ratio = k : 1 = 2/7 : 1 = 2 : 7 Ans : x = 6 ; y = 3

Q5. Find the ratio in which the line segment Q7. Find the coordinates of a point A, where
joining A(1,-5) and B(-4, 5) is divided by AB is the diameter of a circle whose
the x-axis. Also find the coordinates of centre is (2, -3) and B is (1, 4).
the point of division. Sol. Let A (x,y) & C be the mid-pt. of AB
(1,-5) K (x, 0) 1 (-4, 5) Midpoint of diameter AB is given by
Sol.
A C B

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 x1  x 2 y  y2 given by
x and y  1
2 2
20 25 7
x  0; y   D (0,5)
2 2 2
(2, -3) The Quardinates C of the mid point AD is
(x,y) A B (1, 4)
C
given by
2  0 25 7
x  1, y  
x 1 y4 2 2 2
2  3 C (-1,7/2)
2 2
x+1=4  x=3; The Quardinates E of the mid point DB is
y + 4 = -6  y = -10 given by

IX
Ans : Req. points is A (3, -10) 02 5  8 13
x  1; y   E (1, 13/2)
Q8. If A and B are (-2, -2) and (2, -4), 2 2 2
respectively, find the coordinates of P Q10. Find the area of a rhombus if its

FL
such that AP =3/7 AB and P lies on the vertices are (3,0), (4,5), (-1, 4) and
line segment AB. (-2, -1) taken in order.[Hint. Area of a
(-2,-2) 3 (x, 0) 4 (2, -4) rhomus = 1/2 (product of it diagonals)]
Sol.
A P B

 AP = 3/7, AB PB = 4/7 AB

Sol. AC =  x 2  x1 2   y 2  y1 2
R
3
AB
= (3  1) 2  (0  4) 2 =  4  2   4  2
AP 7 AP 3
     AP :PB  3:4 = 16  16  32  4 2 units
4
E
PB AB PB 4
7 A(3, 0) B (4, 5)
Hence P(x, y) divides the line segment
IT

joining two points (-2, -2) and (2, - 4) in the

ratio of 3: 4 then point P is given by
D (-2, -1) C (-1, 4)

 m x  m 2 x1   m1y 2  m 2 y1 
x  1 2
P

& y    BD =  x 2  x1 2   y 2  y1 2
 m1  m2   m1  m 2 

3  2  4  2  3    4   4  2  = (4  2)2  (5  1)2 =  6 2   6 2
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x and y 
3 4 34
= 36  36  72 = 2  36  6 2
6  8 2 12  8 20
x  and y    Area of rhombus = 1/2 ×d1×d2
7 7 7 7
1
 2 20  =  ( 4 2 2)  6 2
Ans : Hence cordinate of point is  ,  2
 7 7  = 12 ×2 =24 sq. units
Q9. Find the coordinates of the points which
divide the line segment joining A (-2, 2)
and B (2,8) into four equal parts.
(-2,2) (0, 5) (2, 8)
Sol.
A C D E B
D is the mid-pt of AB, Cis the mid-pt of AD
and E is the mi-pt of DB
The Quardinate D of mid point AB is

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 3
Q.1 Find the area of the triagle whose  6k  18  k  3
vertices are :
Q3. Find the area of the triangle formed by
(i) (2, 3), (–1, 0), (2, -4),
joining the mid-points of the sides of the
(ii) (–5, –1), –3, –5) (5, 2)
triangle whose vertices are (0, -1), (2, 1)
Sol. Let A (2, 3), B(-1, 0) and C(2, -4)
and (0, 3). Find the ratio of this area to
Area of ABC is given by
the area of the given triangle.
1
= X1  Y2  Y3   X 2  Y3  Y1   X3  Y1  Y2  Sol. Let A (0, -1), B (2,1) and C (0, 3)
2
1 The coordinate of D is mid point of AB are

IX
= 2  0   4    1 4  3  2  3  0  
2 02 1  1
x  1, y   0; D(1,0)
1 2 2
2  4    1 7   2  3 The coordinate of E is mid point of BC
2
20 1 3

FL
1 21 x  1, y   2; B(1,2)
= 8  7  6  sq.units 2 2
2 2
The coordinate of F is mid point of AC
(ii) Let A (-5, -1), B (3, -5) and C (5, 2)
00 1  3
Area of  ABC is given by x  0, y  1 F(0,1)
2 2
1 Area of  DEF is given by
R
X1  Y2  Y3   X 2  Y3  Y1   X3  Y1  Y2 
2
1
= X1  Y2  Y3   X 2  Y3  Y1   X3  Y1  Y2 
1 2
= 5  5  2   3  2   1   5  1   5  
E
2 1
= 1 2  1  11  0   0  0  2  
1 2
= 5  7   3  3  5  4 
2 1
IT

1 64
= 1  1  0 = 1sq. units
2
35  9  20   32 sq. units
2 2 A (0, -1)
Q2. In each of the following find the value
P

of ‘k’, for which the points are (1, 0) D F (0, 1)

collinear
B E C
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(i) (7, -2), (5 ,1), (3, k) (2, 1) (0, 3)

(1, 2)
(ii) (8, 1), (k, -4), (2, -5)
Sol. (i) Points are collinear (given) Area of  ABC is given by
if x1(y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) +x3 (y1 – y2) = 0 1
= X1  Y2  Y3   X 2  Y3  Y1   X3  Y1  Y2 
 7 (1 – k) +5 (k + 2) + 3(–2 – 1) = 0 2

 7 – 7k + 5k + 10 – 9 = 0 1
= 0 1  3  2 3   1   0  1  1
 –2k +8 = 0  –2k = –8  k = 4 2
(ii) Let A (8, 1), B (k, -4) and C (2, - 5) 1
= 0  2   2  3  1  2  2 
Pts A, B and C are collinear (given) 2

if x1(y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) +x3 (y1 – y2) = 0 1

= 0  8  0  4 sq units
2
 8  4  (5    k  5  1  2 1  4   0
ar  DEF  1
 8  6k  10  0  Reqd. Ratio =1 : 4
ar  ABC  4

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Q4. Find the area of the quadrilateral whose Mid point of BC is given by
vertices, taken in order, are (-4, -2), x1  x 2 y  y2
x &y  1
(-3, 5), (3, -2) and (2, 3) 2 2
Sol. Let A(-4, -2), B(-3, -5), C(3, -2) and D (2, 3) 3 5 2  2
x  4& y  0
be the vertices of a quadrilateral and AC is 2 2
one of the diagonals. Area of  ABD is given by
Area of  ABC is given by 1
= X1  Y2  Y3   X 2  Y3  Y1   X3  Y1  Y2 
2
1
= X1  Y2  Y3   X 2  Y3  Y1   X3  Y1  Y2 
2 1
= 4  2  0   3  0  6   4  6  2  
1 2
= 4  5  2   3  2  2   3  2  5 

IX
2 1
 4   2   3  6   4  4 
1 21 2
= 12  0  9  sq units .......(i)
2 2 1 1
= 8  18  16   6   3 units
B(-3, -5)
2 2

FL
C (3, -2) ar (ADC) is given by
1
= X1  Y2  Y3   X 2  Y3  Y1   X3  Y1  Y2 
2
A (-4, -2
)
DE(2, 3) 1
= 4  0  2   4  2  6   5  5  0  
R
2
Area of  ACD is given by
1
1
X1  Y2  Y3   X 2  Y3  Y1   X3  Y1  Y2  = 4  2   4  8  5  6 
= 2
2
E
1 1 1
= 4  2  3  3  3  2   2  2  2  = 8  32  30   6   3 sq units
2 2 2
IT

1 From (i) and (ii) median AD of a ABD

 4  5  3  5  2  0
2 divides it into two s of equal area.
1 35
= 20  15  0  sq unitss ......(ii)
P

2 2
ar(ABCD) = ar ( ABC) +ar ( ACD)
21 35 56
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=  =  28 sq.uints
2 2 2
Q5. A median of a triangle divides the
triangle into two triangles of equal areas.
Verify this result for ABC whose
vertices are A (4, -6), B(3, -2) and
C(5, 2) .
Sol. Let A(4, -6), B(3, -2) and C(5, 2) be the
vertices of  ABC
A (4, -6)

B D C
(3, -2) (4, 0) (5, 2)

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 4
Q1. Determine the ratio in which the line  2x  6y  14  0
2x + y -4 =0 divides the line segment Ans. Require Relation is x + 3y - 7 = 0
joining the points A (2, -2) and B (3, 7). Q3. Find the centre of a circle passing
Sol. through the points (6, -6), (3, -7) and
(3, 3).
(2, -2) k (3, 7) Sol. Let P (x, y) be the centre let A (6, –6),
A C B B (3, –7) and (3, 3)
 PA = PB = PC = radius of same Circle

IX
A(6, -6)
Let line 2x + y – 4 = 0 divides the line
segment joining the points A (2, -2) and
B (3, 7) in ratio of k : 1 at point C (x, y) then (x, y) P A(3, -7)

cordinates of point C is given by

FL
C (3, 3)
 m x  m 2 x1   m1y 2  m 2 y1 
x  1 2 & y   
 m1  m2   m1  m 2  PA  PB;  PA 2  PB2
k  3  1 2 k  7  1  ( 2) (x – 6)2 + (y + 6)2 = (x – 3)2 + (y + 7)2
x and y 
k 1 k 1 x2 + 36 – 12x + y2 + 36 + 12y
R
3k  2 7k  2 = x2 + 9 – 6x + y2 + 49 + 14y
x and y 
k 1 k 1  36 – 12x + 36 +12y = 9 – 6x + 49 + 14y
E
Putting the value sof x and y in the given  –12x + 12y + 72 = –6x + 14y + 58
equations 2x + y = 4  –12x + 12y + 6x – 14y = 58 – 72
–6x – 2y = –14  3x + y = 7 (i)
IT

 3k  2   7k  2  
2  4
 k 1   k 1   PB = PC  PB2 = PC2
6k  4  7k  2 13k  2 4 (x – 3)2 + (y + 7)2 = (x – 3)2 + (y – 3)2
4 
 k  1 k 1 1 x2 + 9 – 6x + y2 + 49 + 14y
P

13k + 2 = 4(k + 1) = x2 + 9 –6x + y2 + 9 – 6y

13k + 2 = 4k + 4  13k – 4k = 4 – 2  9 – 6x + 49 + 14y = 9 – 6x + 9 – 6y

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 –6x + 14y + 58 = –6x – 6y +18

2
9k = 2  k =  –6x + 14y + 6x + 6y = 18 – 58
9
 20y = –40  y = –2
2
Hence req. ratio is k : 1 = :1  2 : 9 Put y = –2 in (i), we get
9
Q2. Find a relation between x and y if the 3x + y = 7  3x + (–2) = 7

points (x,y), (1, 2) and (7, 0) are  3x – 2 = 7  3x = 9  x = 3

collinear. Hence Required Center is (3, - 2)

Sol. Given pts. are collinear Q4. The two opposite vertices of a square

If x1(y2 - y3 ) + x2 (y3 - y1) + x3 (y1 - y2) =0 are (-1, 2) and (3, 2). Find the coordi
nates of the other two vertices.
 x  2  0   1(0  y)  7  y  2   0
Sol. Let A (–1, 2), B (x, y), C (3, 2)
 x(2  0)  1(0  y)  7(y  2)  0
 AB = BC ;  AB2 = BC2
 2x  y  7y  14  0

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 13 12
(x + 1)2 + (y - 2)2 = (x –3)2 + (y – 2)2 B
10
C
A(-1, 2) D
P

R 3

6
Q
B (x, y) C (3, 2)

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 D
 x 2  2x  1  y 2  4y  4
2 2 Sol. (i) Taking A as origin, we get coordi
= x  6x  9  y  4y  4
 2x  4y  6x  4y  13  5 nates of are P(4, 6), Q(3, 2),

IX
 8x  8  x  1 R(6, 5)
 x  1 ; 8x  8 (ii) Taking C as origin, the coordinates
In rt.  ABC of  are P(12, 2), Q(13, 6), R(10, 3)
Case I. When P(4, 6), Q(3, 2) and R(6, 5)then

FL
.....(by Phthagoras’ theorem)
AB2+ BC2 = AC2 ar(  PQR) is given by
 (1+1)2 +(y-2)2 +(1-3)2 +(y-2)2 1
= X1  Y2  Y3   X 2  Y3  Y1   X3  Y1  Y2 
2
= (3 + 1)2 + (2 – 2)2
2 2 1
  2   y 2  4  4y   2   y 2  4  4y 4  2  5  3  5  6   6  6  2 
R
=
2
2 2
  4    0 1
 4  3  3  1  6  4
 4  y 2  4  4y  4  y 2  4  4y  16 2
E
1 9
 2y 2  8y  16  16  2y 2  8y  0 = 12  3  24  sq.units.......(i)
2 2
IT

 2y  y  4   0  either y = 0 or y = 4 Case II. When P(12, 2), Q(13, 6), R(10, 3)

Ans Hence rq. pt D (1, 4) and B(1, 0) ar(PQR) is given by
Q5. The Class X student of a seccondary 1
= X1  Y2  Y3   X 2  Y3  Y1   X3  Y1  Y2 
P

school in Krishinagar have been 2

allotted a rectangular plot of land for 1

= 12  6  3  13  3  2   10  2  6 
their gardening activity. Saplings of 2
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Gulmohar are planted on activity. on the 1

 12  3  13 1  10  4 
boundary at a distance of 1 m form each 2

other. There is a triangular grassy Lawn 1 9

= 36  13  4  sq units.........(ii)
in the plot as shown in Fig. 3. The 2 2
From (i) and (ii)
studennts are to sow seeds of flowering
Areas are the same in both the cases.
plants on the remainingh area of the plot.
Q6. The vertices of a  ABC are A (4, 6),
(i) Taking A as origin, find the coordinates
B (1, 5) and C (7, 2). A line is drawn to
of the vertices of the triangle.
Intersect sides AB and AC at D
(ii) What will be the coodinates of the verti
and E respectively, such that
ces of  PQR if C is the origin?
Also calculate the areas of the triangles AD AE 1
  Caculate the area of the
AB AC 4
in these cases. What do you obseve?

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 ADE. (Recall Theorem 6.2 and 19 20  19 20 
x and y  ; E , 
Theorem 6.6) and compare it with the 4 4 4 4 
area of  ABC. (Recall Theorem 6.2 and ar (ADE) is given by
Theorem 6.6). 1
= x1  y2  y3   x 2  y3  y1   x 3  y1  y 2 
2
Y
1  23  13 19  23 
7 = 4   5   5  6   6  
A (4, 6) 2  4  4 4 4 
6 3 D
E
5 1  23  20  13 19  24  23 
B
4 (1, 5) 3 = 4    1   
2  4  4 4 4 
3

IX
2 1 13 19  1  48  52  19 
C (7, 2) =  3      
1 2 4 16  2  16 

X X 1 15 15
123456 =  sq.units
Y 2 16 32

FL
(ii) A(4,6), B(1, 5), C(7, 2), then
AD AE 1 ar (ABC) is given by
(i)   ....(given)
AB AC 4
1
Let AD = 1K, AB = 4K = x1  y2  y3   x 2  y3  y1   x 3  y1  y 2 
2
R
BD = AB –A D = 4K–1k = 3k
1
AD 1K 1 =  4  5  2   1 2  6   7  6  5 
  ,  AD : BD  1: 3 2
BD 3K 3
E
1 1 15
Similarly, AE : EC = 1:3 = 12  4  7   15   sq.units
2 2 2
Using Section formula, the coordinates of
15
IT

D is given by ar  ADE  15 2 1
 32   
m1x 2  m 2 x1 m y  m 2 y1 ar  ABC  15 32 15 16
x and y  1 2
m1  m2 m1  m2 2
P

11  3  4 1 5  3  6  Reqd. Ratio = 1: 16

x and y 
1 3 1 3 Q7. Let A (4, 2), B (6, 5) and C (1,4) be the
1  12 5  18 vertices of  ABC.
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x and y 
4 4 (i) The median from A ;meets BC
13 23  13 23  at D.Find the coordinates of the
x and y  ; D , 
4 4 4 4  point D.
Using section formula the cordinates of point (ii) Find the coordinates of the point
E is given by P on AD such that AP : PD = 2 : 1
m1x 2  m 2 x1 m y  m 2 y1 (iii) Find the coordinates of points Q
x and y  1 2
m1  m2 m1  m2 and R on medians BE and CF
respectively such that BQ : QE
1 7  3  4 1 2  3  6
x and y  = 2 : 1 and CR : RF = 2 : 1
1 3 1 3
(iv) What do you observe ?
7  12 2  18
x and y  (v) If A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C
4 4
(x3, y3) are the vertices of

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  ABC, find the coordinates of m1x 2  m 2 x1 m y  m 2 y1
x and y  1 2
the centroid of the triangle. m1  m2 m1  m2
A (4, 2)
5
2   1 6
2 2 2  3  1 5
x and y 
P
2 1 2 1

1
56 65
x and y 
B (6, 5)
D
7 , 9 C (1, 4) 3 3
2 2
11 11  11 11 
x and y  ;Q  , 
Sol. (i) The cordinates of mid point of BC 3 3 3 3
is given by (b) Mid point of side AB is Given by

IX
x1  x 2 y  y2
x and y  1 A (4, 2)

2 2

)
7/2
5,
F(
6 1 54 1
x and y  R
2
2 2

FL
B (6, 5) C (1, 4)
7 9 7 9
x  and y  D  ,  x 1  x2 y  y2
2 2  2 2 x ;y  1
2 2
(ii) Such that AP : PD = 2 : 1 
Cordinate of point P is given by 46 25
x ;y 
R
2 2
m1x 2  m2 x1 m y  m2 y1
x ;y  1 2 10 7
m1  m 2 m1  m2 x and y  F (5, 7/2)
2 2
E
7 9 Such that CR : RF = 2 : 1
2   1 4 2   1 2
x 2 ;y  2
 The Coordinates of point R is Given
2 1 2 1
IT

by.
74 92
x and y  m1x 2  m 2 x1 m y  m 2 y1
3 3 x and y  1 2
m1  m2 m1  m2
11 11  11 11 
P

x and y  P , 
3 3 3 3 7
2   1 4
(iii) (a) Mid point AC is Given by 2  5  1 1 2
x and y 
2 1 2 1
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1 4 42
x ;y  10  1 74
2 2 x and y 
3 3
A (4, 2)

11 11
x and y  R (11/3, 11/3)
3 3
1 E (5/2, 3)
Q
2
(iv) P = Q = R= G = Centroid of  ABC]
C (1, 4) The point which is common to all the three
B (6, 5)

medians is called the centroid and this point

5 6
x  ;y  divides each median in the ratio 2 : 1
2 2
 P, Q, R are the same points.
5
x  and y  3 E (5/2, 3)
2  X 2  X3 Y2  Y3 
(v) Mid pt. of BC D  , 
such that BQ : QE = 2 : 1  2 2 
 cordinate of point Q is given by

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 A (X1, Y2)
2
2  3
2 PQ   2   1    4   units
 2

G 2
1 2 83 25
=  2  1     9 and
B (X2, Y2) C (X3, Y3)  2  4
D

Since AG : GD = 2 : 1, therfore the 36  25 61 61

=   units
coordinates of centroid G is given by 4 4 2
Distance between Q and R is given by
 x  x3   y  y3 
2 2   1x1 2 2   1y1
 2   2  2
x ,y  2 3 

IX
2 1 2 1 QR =  5  2     4 
2 
x 2  x 3  x1 y  y3  y1
x and y  2 2
3 3  38  25  61
= 9   9  
 2   4  2

FL
 x1  x 2  x 3 y1  y 2  y3 
G = , 
 3 3  Distance between R and S is given by
Q8. ABCD is a rectangle formed by the point 2
3
A (-1, -1), B (-1, 4), C (5,4) and D (5, - 1). RS =  2  52   1  
 2
P, Q, R and S are the mid-points of AB,
R
2
BC, CD and DA respectively. Is the  2  3  25 61
= 9   9 
quadrilateral PQRS a square ? A retangle  2  4 2
E
? or rhombus ? Justify your answer. Distance between S and P is given by
A (-1, -1) P B (-1, 4) 2
3 
 1  2 2    1
IT

SP =
S
2 
Q
Sol.
2
C (5, 4)  3 2  25 61
D (5, -1) R = 9   9 
 2  4 2
P

Coordinates P of mid point AB is given by

PQ = QR= RS = SP
 1  1 1  4   3
Distance between P and R is given by
 ,   P  1, 
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 2 2   2
2
Coordinates Q of mid point BC is given by 23 3
PR = 5   1     
2 2
 1  5 4  4 
 ,   Q  2, 4 
 2 2  =  5  12  36  6 units
Coordinates R of mid point DC is given by
Distance between S and Q is given by
 5  5 1  4   3
 ,   R  5,  SQ =  2  2 2   4   1 
2
 2 2   2
Coordinates S of mid point AD is given by = 0  25  5 units
 5  1 1  1  PR  SQ
 ,   S  2  1
 2 2   Quad. PQRS is rhombus
Distance between P and Q is given by

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 CHAPTER : 5 – QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q1. Check whether the following are quadratic
equations or not
 RHS = x(x + 5) = x2 + 5x

(i) (x + 1)2 = 2(x – 3)  2x2 – x – 1 = x2 + 5x

(ii) x2 – 2x = (–2)(3 – x)  2x2 – x2 – x – 5x – 1 = 0

(iii) (x – 2)(x + 1) = (x – 1)(x + 3)  x2 – 6x – 1 = 0  It is of the form ax2 +
bx + c = 0. Hence, the given equation is a
(iv) (x – 3)(2x + 1) = x(x + 5) quadratic equation.
(v) (2x – 1)(x – 3) = (x + 5)(x – 1)
Sol. (v) LHS = (2x – 1)(x – 3)
(vi) x2 + 3x + 1 = (x – 2)2
 2x2 – 6x – x + 3

IX
3 2
(vii) (x + 2) = 2x(x – 1)
 2x2 – 7x + 3
3 2 3
(viii) x – 4x – x + 1 = (x – 2)
 RHS = (x + 5)(x – 1)
Sol. (i) 2 2
LHS = (x  1)  x  2x  1  x2 + 5x – x – 5

FL
 RHS = 2(x – 3) = 2x – 6  x2 + 4x – 5
 x 2  2x  1  2x  6  2x2 – 7x + 3 = x2 + 4x – 5
 2x2 – x2 – 7x – 4x + 3 + 5 = 0
 x 2  2x  1  2x  6  0
 x2 – 11x + 8 = 0  It is of the form
2 ax2 + bx + c = 0  Given equation is quadratic.
R
 x  7  0  It is of the form of
ax 2  bx  c  0  Give equation is quadratic. Sol. (vi) RHS = x2 – 4x + 4
2
Sol. (ii) RHS = (–2)(3 – x) = – 6 + 2x  LHS = 2 x  3x  1
E
 LHS = x2  2 x  x2 + 3x + 1 = x2 – 4x + 4
 3x + 4x + 1 – 4 = 0
 x 2  2x  6  2x  7x – 3 = 0  It is not of the form
IT

ax2 + bx + c = 0  Given equation is quadratic.

 x 2  2x  6  2x  0
Sol. (vii) LHS = (x  2)3 = x 3  8  6x 2 12x
2
 x  4x  6  0  It is of the form
P

2   A  B 3  A3  B3  3A 2 B  3AB2
ax  bx  c  0  Given equation is quadratic.
2 3
Sol. (iii) LHS = (x – 2)(x + 1)  RHS = 2x(x  1)  2x  2x
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2
 x  x  2x  2  x 3  8  6x 2 12x  2x 3  2x
 x2 – x – 2 3 3 2
 x  2x  6x  12x  2x  8  0
RHS = (x – 1)(x + 3) 3 2
  x  6x  14x  8  0
2
 x  3x  x  3  It is not of the form ax 2  bx  c  0 .
 x2 + 2x – 3 Hence, the given equation is not a
 x2 – x – 2 = x2 + 2x – 3 quadratic equation.
 – x – 2 – 2x + 3 = 0 3 3 2
Sol. (viii) RHS = (x  2) = x  8  6x 12x
 – 3x + 1 = 0  It is not of the form ax2 +
bx + c = 0 .  The given equation is   A  B3  A3  B3  3A 2 B  3AB2
not a quadratic equation. 3 2
 LHS = x  4 x  x  1
Sol. (iv) LHS = (x – 1)(2x + 1)
 x 3  4x 2  x  1  x 3  6x 2  12x  8
= 2x2 + x – 2x – 1
= 2x2 – x – 1  4x 2  6x 2  x  12x  1  8  0

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  2x 2  13x  9  0  It is of form = (x + 26 + 3) yrs = (x + 29) years
ax2 + bx + c = 0  The given equation is a According question condition
quadratic equation.
 (x + 3)(x + 29)= 360
Q.2 Represent the following problem situa-  x(x + 29) + 3(x + 29) = 360
tions in the form of quadratic equations:
 x2 + 29x + 3x + 87 = 360
(i) The area of a rectangular plot is 528
m2. The length of the plot (in metres)  x 2  32x  87  360  0
is one more than twice its breadth.  x2 + 32x – 273 = 0, which is the required
We need to find the length and form of quadratic equation.
breadth of the plot. Sol. (iv) Let the usual speed of the train = x km/hr
(ii) The product of two consecutive Total distance to be travelled = 480 km

IX
positive integers is 306. We need to Time taken by train in usual speed is given
find the integers. 486
Tu  Hr.
(iii) Rohan’s mother is 26 years older x
than him. The product of their ages

FL
Decreased speed of the train = (x – 8) km/ph.
3 years from now will is 360. We Now time taken by train in decreased speed is
would like to find Rohan’s present
480
age. given by hr..
 x  8
(iv) A train travels a distance of 480 km
at a uniform speed. If the speed had  According question condition.
R
been 8 km/h less, then it would have
480 480 480 480
taken 3 hours more to cover the same  = 3   =3
x8 x x 8 x
distance. We need to find the speed
E
of the train.  x  x 8 
Sol. (i) Let breadth of rectangular field = x m  480 1  1  = 3  480  3
 x  8 x   x x 8 
IT

 Length = (2x + 1)m, then according

quesiton conditon.
480  8
 Length  Breadth = Area  480 x  x  8  = 3  3
 x ( x  8)  x 2  8x
 Length×Breadth = 528 m2
P

 (2x + 1) . x = 528 m2  3x2 – 24x = 3840

 3x2 – 24x – 3840 = 0
 2x 2  x  528
x 2 – 8x – 1280 = 0 which is the
JU


 2x2 + x – 528 = 0; Which is the required
required form of quadratic equation.
quadratic equation
Sol. (ii) Let the two consecutive integers be x and Q.3 The altitude of a right triangle is 7cm less
x + 1, then, according question condition than its base. If the hypotenuse is 13cm,
find the other two sides.
 x(x + 1) = 306
Sol. Let base of the right triangle = x m
 x 2  x  306
 Height of right triangle = (x – 7)m
 x2 + x – 306 = 0; which is the required
quadratic equation.
Sol. (iii) Let the present age of Rohan = x yrs.
 Rohan’s mother present age = (x + 26) yrs
 Age of Rohan after 3 yrs. = (x + 3) yrs
 Age of Rohan’s mother after 3 years. According pythagoras theorem

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 2 2 2 Cost of production per article = 2x + 3 = 2  6 +
 AB + BC = AC
 x2 + (x – 7)2 = (13)2 3 = 12 + 3 = Rs. 15

 x2 + x2 – 14x + 49 = 169 Ans : No. of articles are 6 and cost of each

article is Rs. 15
 2x 2  14x  49  169  0
 2x2 – 14x – 120 = 0
 x2 – 7x – 60 = 0
2
 x  12x  5x  60  0
 x  x  12   5  x  12   0

 x  5  x  12   0

IX


Either x  5  0 or x  12  0
 x  5 or x  12
[rejected x = –5 as sides of triangle are never

FL
negative]  consider x = 12
 base = 12cm, and altitude = 12 – 7 = 5cm
Ans : Base = 12 cm, Altitude = 5 cm

Q.4 A cottage industry produces a certain

R
number of pottery articles in a day. It was
observed on a particular day that the cost
of production of each article (in rupees)
E
was 3 more than twice the number of ar-
ticles produced on that day. If the total
IT

cost of production on that day was Rs. 90,

find the number of articles produced and
the cost of each article.
Sol. Let total number of pottery articles produced
P

per day= x According question information.

The cost of each article particular day
JU

= Rs.(2x + 3)
According question condition,
No. of article  cost of each article = total cost
 x (2x + 3) = 90
 2x2 + 3x – 90 = 0
 2x2 + 15x –12x –90 = 0
 x(2x + 15) – 6(2x + 15) = 0
 (2x + 15)(x – 6) = 0
Either (2x + 5) = 0 or (x - 6) = 0
 x = 6 or x = –15/2 (Rejected) Because
not articles can not be negative.
 Number of articles = 6 and

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
Q.1 Find the roots of the following quadratic 4x(4x – 1) –1(4x – 1) = 0

equations by factorization method :
 (4x –1)(4x –1) = 0
(i) x 2  3x  10  0
1 1
(ii) 2x 2  x  6  0  x = 4, 4

(iii) 2x 2  7x  5 2  0 1
Ans. x = is the roots of the equation.
4
2 1
(iv) 2x  x  0 Sol. (v) Given : 100x2 – 20x + 1 = 0
8
 100x2 – 10x – 10x+ 1 = 0
(v) 100x 2  20x  1  0
 10x(10x – 1) – 1(10x – 1) = 0

IX
Sol. (i) Given : x2 – 3x – 10 = 0
 x2 – 5x + 2x – 10 = 0  Eitehr, 10x – 1 =0 and 10x – 1 = 0
 x(x – 5) + 2(x – 5) =0 1 1
 x = 10 , 10
 (x – 5)(x + 2) = 0

FL
Ans. x = 1/10 is the root of the
 Either, x – 5 =0 or x + 2 = 0
given equation.
 x = 5 or x = – 2
Ans. Required roots or, 5,2 Q.2 John and Jivanti together have 45 marbles.
2
Sol. (ii) Given : 2x + x – 6 =0 Both of them lost 5 marbles each, and the
R
2
 2x + 4x – 3x –6= 0 product of the number of they now have is
 2x(x + 2)–3(x + 2)= 0 124. We would like to find out how many
 (x + 2)(2x –3) = 0 marbles they had to start with.
E
 Eitehr, x + 2 =0 or 2x – 3 = 0 Sol. Let John have x marbles & Jivanti has
3 (45 – x) marbles. According to given equation,
 x = –2, x = 2
IT

 (x – 5)(45 – x – 5) = 124
3  (x – 5)(40 – x) – 124 = 0
Ans. Required roots are : – 2,
2  40x  x 2  200  5x  124  0
P

Sol. (iii) Given : 2 x 2  7 x  5 2 = 0   x 2  45x  324  0

 2 x 2  5x  2x  5 2 = 0  x 2  45x  324  0
JU

 x ( 2 x  5)  2 ( 2 x  5)  0 By braking middle term, we get

x = 36 or x = 9
 ( 2x  5)( x  2 ) = 0
Ans. The number of marbles John had = 36
 Either, 2 x  5 =0 or x  2  0 and the number of marbles Jivanti had
5 45 – 36 = 9.
 x= or x   2
2
Q.3 Find two numbers whose sum is 27, and
5
Ans. Required the roots are , 2 product is 182.
2
Sol. Let the first number be x. Therefore,
2 1
Sol. (iv) Given : 2x  x  = 0 second number = (27 – x).
8
2
According to question condition,
 16x  8x  1 = 0
 x(27 – x) = 182
 16x2 – 4x – 4x + 1= 0
 27x – x2 = 182

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  x2 – 27x + 182 = 0  169 = 2x2 – 14x + 49
On braking middle term, we get  2x2 – 14x – 120 = 0
 x = 13 or x 4  x2 – 7x – 60 = 0
On braking middle term, we get
 x = 13 or x = 14
 x = – 5 or x = 12
Case - I : If x = 13 then other number
Since side of triangle is never negative. So re-
= 27 – x = 27 – 13 = 14
jected x   5 and consider x  12
Case - II : If x = 14 then other number Now required sides of the triangle are
= 27 – x = 27 – 14 = 13 BC = 12 cm, and AB = 12 – 7 = 5cm
Ans. Required numbers are 13 and 14. Ans.AB = 5 cm, BC = 12 cm

IX
Q.4 Find two consecutive positive integers, Q.6 A cottage industry produces a certain num-
sum of whose square is 365. ber of pottery articles in a day. It was ob-
Sol. Let first positive integer be x, So, other posi- served on a particular day that the cost of

FL
tive integer = x + 1 production of each article (in rupees) was
According to question condition, 3 more than twice the number of articles
2 2
 x + (x + 1) = 365 produced on that day. If the total cost of
2 2
 x + x + 1 + 2x = 365 production on that day was Rs. 90, find the
2
 2x + 2x – 364 = 0 number of articles produced and the cost
R
2
 x + x – 182 = 0 of each article.
 x = 13 or x = – 14 Sol. Let the number of articles produced be x.
E
Rejected x = – 14 because ( Number is Therefore, cost of production of each article
positive) Therefore, required positive integers (in Rs.) on that particular day = Rs. (2x + 3)
are : x = 13 and x + 1 = 13 + 1 = 14. According to question, condition
IT

Ans. Required numbers or 13 and 14  x(2x + 3) = 90

 2x2 + 3x = 90
Q.5 The altitude of a right triangle is 7cm, less 2x2 + 3x – 90 = 0

P

than its base. If the hypotenuse is 13cm. On breaking middle term, we get
Find the other two sides.
15
Sol. Let the base (BC) of the right triangle = x cm  x = 6 or x =
2
JU

 altitude (AB) = (x – 7) cm
And hypotenuse (AC) = 13cm  Number of articles can not be negative
15
So, x  rejected and consider x  6
2
Hence, number of article produced is 6.
And cost of production of each article.
= Rs. (2x + 3)
= Rs. (2 × 6 + 3)
In right triangle ABC, = Rs. 15
According to Pythagoras theorem, Ans. No of articles is 6 and cost of each ar-
 AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ticle is 15.
2 2 2
 (13) = (x – 7) + (x)
 169 = x2 + 49 – 14x + x2

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 NCERT EXERCISE – 3
Q.1 Find the roots of following quadratic equa- 1 1 1 
tions, if they exist by the method of com- 2  2  4
2x 2 x  
  2  2 
pleting the perfect square : 2 2  1   1 
 4  16 
(i) 2x 2  7x  3  0
1
(ii) 2x 2  x  4  0 2
 x  x2
2
(iii) 4x 2  4 3x  3  0
2 1 1 2 1
(iv) 2x 2  x  4  0  x  x  
2 16 1 16

IX
Sol. (i) We have; 2x 2  7x  3  0  1
2
32  1
 x   
 2x 2  7x  3  4  16
2x 2  7x 3  1 33
2
 
2 2  x   

FL
 4 16
2x 2 7x 3 Taking square roots on both inside.
  
2 2 2
2
 1 33
7 3
2
7 1 7  7  49  x   
 4  16
2
 x  x       
2 2 2 2 4  2  16 
R
1 33
7 49 3 49  x 
2
 x  x   4 4
2 16 2 16
E
 33 1
 7
2
24  49  x 
 x    4 4
 4  16
IT

 33 1 33  4
7
2
25
Either x   
 4 4 4
 x   
 4 16
 33 1  33  4
Taking square root on both the side or x  
4 4 4
P

2
 7 25
 x    Sol. (iii) We have; 4x 2  4 3x  3  0
 4 16
 4x 2  4 3x  3
JU

 7 5
 x     4x 2  4 3x 3
 4 4 

4 4
5 7
 x 
 x 2 4 3x 3
4 4  

4 4 4
5 7 5 7 12
Either x    x    3
4 4 4 4 4  1 3
5 7 2 1  3  
or x     2 2 
4 4 4 2 2 3  2 
 x  3x   3 3 
2 4     
Sol. (ii) We have 2x  x  4  0 
  2  4 
2
 2x  x  4
2x 2  x 4 2 3 3 3
   x  3x   
2 2 4 4 4

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 2
2 (i) 2x 2  7x  3  0 (ii) 2x  x  4  0
 3 3  3 2 2
  x    (iii) 4x  4 3x  3  0 (iv) 2x  x  4  0
 2  4
2
Sol. (i) We have ; 2x 2  7x  3  0
 3 0
 x    Here a = 2, b = – 7, c = 3
 2  4

D = b2 – 4ac = (– 7)2 – 4(2)(3)
2
 3
  x   0 = 49 – 24 = 25
 2 
Since, D > 0, Therefore, the quadratic equa-
Taking square roots on both the side
2 tion 2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0 has distinct roots they
 3

IX
  x    0 are given by
 2 
b  D
3  x
 x 0 2a
2

FL
( 7)  25 7  5
 x   3/2  x = 
2 2 4
Sol. (iv) We have; 2x 2  x  4  0 7  5 12
Either, x=  3
2
 2x  x   4 4 4
75 2 1
R
2x 2  x 4 or x=  
  4 4 2
2 2
1
2x 2 x Ans. The required roots are 3 and
E
   2 2
2 2
Sol. (ii) We have; 2x2 + x – 4 = 0
1 1 1 
2  2  4 
IT

2 1   Here, a = 2, b = 1 and c = – 4
 x  x  2  2 
2  1   1  D = b2 – 4ac = (1)2 – 4(2)(– 4)
 4  16 
= 1 + 32 = 33
P

1 1 2 1
 x2  x   Since D > 0  Therefore, the quadratic equa-
2 16 1 16
2 tion. 2x2 + x – 4 = 0 has distinct roots the are
JU

 1  31
 x    given by:
 4 16
Taking square roots on both the side b  D
 x
2 2a
 1 31
 x   
 4 16 1  33 1  33
 x = 2(2)  4
1 31  31
 x  =
1  33
4 4 2
Either, x 
4
 D in negative
 Equation has no real roots. 1  33
or x=
4

Q.2 Find the roots of the quadratic equtions 1  33 1  33

Ans. and
by applying the quadratic formula. 4 4

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Sol. (iii) We have; 4x 2  4 3x  3  0   x  3 x  5   0
Here, a = 4, b = 4 3 and c = 3 Either x  3  0 or x  7
Either x  3 or x  7
D = b2 – 4ac = (4 3) 2  4(4)(3)
Rejected x = –3 because of age can not be
= 48 – 48 = 0
negative so consider x = 7
Since D = 0 Therefore, the quadratic equation
 Present age of Rehman = 7 years.
has equal roots they are given by :
Ans : Present age of Rehman is 7 Years
b  D
 x
2a Q.4 In a class test, the sum of Shefali’s marks

IX
4 3  0 4 3 in Mathematics and English is 30. Had she
 x=  =  3/2
2 4 8 got 2 marks more in Mathematics and 3
marks less in English, the product would
 3
Ans. The required roots are have been 210. Find her marks in the two
2

FL
subjects.
Sol. (iv) We have; 2x2 + x + 4 = 0
Sol. Let the marks secured by Shefali in Mathemat-
Here, a = 2, b = 1 and c = 4 ics be x  marks secured by Shefali in
2 2
D = b – 4ac = (1) – 4(2)(4) = 1 – 32 = – 31 English = 30  x .
R
Since, D < 0, Therefore, the quadratic eqution According second condition marks obtained by

2x2 + x + 4 = 0, has no real roots Shefali in maths =  x  2  and marks obtaind

in English = 30 – x – 3 = (27 – x)
E
Q.3 The sum of the reciprocals of Rehman’s
According question condition,
age (in years) 3 years ago and 5 years from
 (x + 2)(27 – x) = 210
now is 1/3. Find his present age.
IT

Sol. Let the present age of Rehman = x years  x(27–x) + 2(27–x) = 210
 3 years ago Rehman’s age = (x – 3) years  27x – x2 + 54 – 2x = 210
5 years from now Rehman’s age = (x + 5) yr 2
 x  25x  54  210
P

2
According question condition,  x  25x  54  210  0
2
1 1 1  x  25x  156  0
  =
x 5 x3 3  x2 – 25x + 156 = 0
JU

x 3 x 5 1  x 2  13x  12x  156  0

 ( x  5)( x  3) = 3  x  x  13  12  x  13  0


2x  2

1   x  12  x  13  0
2
x  5x  3x  15 3 Either, x  12  0 or x  13  0
2x  2 1 Either x  12 or x  13
 2 
x  2x 15 3 Case (i) When x = 13, then shafali gets
 x 2  2x  15  6x  6  30  13  17
marks in english.
Case (ii) When x= 12, then shafali gets
 x 2  2x  15  6x  6  0
 x 2  4x  21  0
 30  12   18 marks in english
Ans : Hence marks of Shefali in Maths
 x 2  7x  3x  21  0
and English are : 13, 17 or 12, 18.
 x  x  7   3 x  7   0

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Q.5 The diagonal of a rectangular field is 60  y2 – x2 = 180 ...(1)
metres more than the shorter side. If the According second condition.
longer side is 30 metres more than the x2 = 8y
shorter side, find the sides of the field. Putting x2 = 8y in equation (1), we get
Solution :  y2 – 8y = 180
 y2 – 8y – 180 = 0
 y 2  18y  10y  180  0

 y  y  18  10  y  18   0
Let shorter and longer sides of rectangle ABCD   y  10  y  18   0

IX
be BC and AB respectively Either  y  10   0 or  y  18  0
Let BC = xm  AB = (x + 30)
Either y  18 or y 8 , consider y = 18
and the length of diagonal AC = (x + 60) m If y = 18  x2 = 8y = 8 × 18

FL
 In right angle ABC,  x2 = 144  x = ± 12
2 2 2
AC = AB + BC Either x = 12 and x = –12 (rejected)
(By Pythagorous theorem) Ans : Required numbers are 12 and 18
 (x + 60)2 = (x + 30)2 + x2
R
2 2 2
 x  3600  120x  x  900  60x  x Q.7 A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed.
2
 3600  120x  900  60x  x  0 If the speed had been 5 km/h more, it
2
  x  60x  2700  0 would have taken 1 hour less for the same
E
2
 x  60x  2700  0 journey. Find the speed of the train.
2 Solution :
 x  90x  30x  2700  0
IT

Total distance travelled = 360 km

 x  x  90   30  x  90   0
Let usual uniform speed of train = x km/hr
  x  90  x  30   0 360
Case I : Usual time taken by train = hr.
Either  x  90   0 or x  30  0 x
P

Either x  90 or x 30 and increased speed of train = (x + 5) km/hr

Rejected x  30 because side of rectangle 360
JU

Time taken by train in increased speed = hr..

can not be negative, so consider x = 90. x5
shorter side BC = 90cm and length of According question condition

rectangle AB = 90 + 30 = 120cm 360 360 360 360
  1   =1
x x5 x x5
Ans : Breath = 90 cm, Length = 120 cm
1 1   x5 x 
 360  1  360 1
Q.6 The difference of squares of two numbers  x x5  x x 5
is 180. The square of the smaller number
360  5 1800
is 8 times the larger number. Find the two  1  2 =1
x  x  5 x  5x
numbes.
2
Sol : Let two numbers be x and y suppose x is the  x2  5 x  1800  x 5x 1800  0
2
smaller number and y is the larger number then  x  45x  40x  1800  0
according first condition.  x  x  45   40  x  45  0

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

   x  45  x  40   0 because not satisfied the given condition. So
condisider x = 25  smaller pipe take 25 hr
Either x = 40 or x = – 45; rejected x  45 and larger pipe take  25  10   15hr
because speed cannot be negative Ans : Smaller pipe takes 25 hrs. and larger
consider x = 40. pipe takes 15 hrs.

Ans : Usual speed = 40 km/ph

Q.9 An express train 1 hour less than a pas-
Q.8 Two water pipes together can fill a tank senger train to travel 132 km between
3 Mysore and Banglore (without taking into
9 hours. The larger pipe takes 10hours
8 consideration the time they shop at inter-
mediate station). If the average speed of

IX
less than the smaller one to fill the tank
the express train is 11 km/h more than
separately. Find the time in which each
that of the passenger train, find the aver-
pipe can separately fill the tank.
age speed of the two trains.
Sol. Let smaller pipe takes x hrs. to fill the tank

FL
Sol. Let the speed of passenger train = x km/ph
alone. larger pipe takes to fill the tank alone
 the speed of express train = (x + 11) km/ph
in (x – 10) hr.
132
1 Time taken by passenger train = hrs
Work done by smaller pipe in one hr. = x
R
x
132
1 and time taken by express train = hrs
Work done by larger pipe in one 1 hr. = x  11
x  10
E
According question condition,
1 8
Work done by both pipe in 1 hr. =  132 132
75 75   1  132  132 = 1

8 x 
x 11 x x  11
IT

According question condition, 1 1 

132 
1 1 8 x  10  x 8 
 x x  11 = 1
  
x x  10 75 b
 x x  10  75
g
P

 x  11  x 
 132 = 1
2 x  10 8 2x 10 8  x ( x  11) 
 b 
g 
x x  10 75  x 2 10x 75
132  11 1452 1
JU

 
 8  x 2  10x   75  2x  10  x x 11  x 2 11x 1

 8x 2  80x  150x  750  x 2  11x  1452

 8x 2  80x  150x  750  0  x 2  11x  1452  0
 8x  230x  750  0
 x 2  44x  33x  1452  0
2
 4x  115x  375  0
 x  x  44   33  x  44   0
 4x 2  100x  15x  375  0
 4x  x  2515  x  25  0   x  33 x  44   0
  4x  15  x  25  0 Either  x  33  0 or  x  44   0
Either 4x  15  0 or x  25  0 Either x  33 or x   44
15 15 Rejected x   44 because speed cannot be
Either x = 25 and x  , rejected x 
4 4 negative consider x  33

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  Average speed of two Trains are 33 km/h According second condition,
and 44 km/hr.
y2 = 18 x .....(i)
Ans : 33 km/ph, 44 km/ph.
According first condition,
2
Q.10 Sum of the area of two square is 468m . If
x2 + y2 = 208 .... (ii)
the difference of their perimeter is 24m,
Put y 2 18x in equation (ii), we get
find the sides of the two square.
Sol. Let the sides of two squares be x m and y m  x2 + 18x = 208 (using 1)

let x > y, then According question condition  x2 + 18x – 208 = 0

x2 + y2 = 468 ...(i)  x2 + 26x – 8x – 208 = 0

IX
D x C S y R   x  26   8  x  26   0
  x  26  x  8  0
Either  x  26  0 or  x  8  0

FL
Either x  26 or x  8
A B P Q
Rejected x = – 26 because side of square can
According second condition
not be negative consider x = 8
4x – 4y = 24m
 Side of bigger square is 8 cm
R
 x–y=6  x–6=y ..(ii) Put the value of x in first and we get y = 12
Putting y =(x – 6) in (1), we get and – 12, rejected y = – 12 because side of
square can not be negative y = 12.
E
2

2
x2  y 2  468  x   x  6   468 Ans. Required sides of square of 8cm and
12cm.
2 2
 x  x  36  12x  468
IT

2
 2x  12x  36  468  0
 2x 2  12x  432  0
 x 2  6x  216  0
P

2
 x  18x  12x  216  0
JU

2
 x  x  18  12  x  18   0
  x  12  x  18   0
Either x  12  0 or x  18  0
Either x  12 or x  18
Because side of square can not be negative
consider. x = 18 then the side of other square
will be 12 cm. Ans. 12 cm and 18 cm
Q.11 The sum of the squares of two positive
integers is 208. If the squares of the
larger is 18 times the small number, find
the numbers.
Sol. Let two numbers be x and y. Suppose y > x

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 4
Q.1 Find the discriminant of the following qua-
2 3 2 3
dratic equations. If the real roots exist, Ans. Required roots are ,
3 3
find them.
Sol. (iii) We have; 2x2 – 6x + 3 = 0
(i) 2x 2  3x  5  0 Compare the equation with standard form
(ii) 3x 2  4 3x  4  0 ax 2  bx  c  0, we get
(iii) 2x 2  6x  3  0 a = 2, b = – 6, c = 3
Sol. (i) We have, 2x2 – 3x + 5 = 0 Now D = b2 – 4ac

IX
Compare the equation with standard form = (–6)2 – 4(2)(3)
ax 2  bx  c , we get a = 2, b = – 3, c = 5 = 36 – 24 = 12

FL
Now, D = b2 – 4ac Since, D > 0  The given quadratic
= (–3)2 – 4(2)(5) equation has real and distinct roots

= 9 – 40 = – 31 b  D b  D
Either, x= or x 
2a 2a
R
Since, D < 0  The given quadratic

equation has not real roots.   6   12  6  12

 x= or
2 2 22
Sol. (ii) We have; 3x 2  4 3x  4  0
E
6 2 3 62 3
Compare the equation with standard form  x= or x 
4 4
IT

ax 2  bx  c  0; we get
 x=

2 3 3  or x  2  3  3 
a = 3, b = 4 3, c  4
4 4
2
Now, D = b  4ac
P

3 3 3 3
2  x= or x 
= ( 4 3)  4(3)(4) 2 2
JU

= 48 – 48 = 0 3 3 3 3
Ans. Required roots are ,
2 2
Since, D = 0 The given quadratic
Q.2 Find the values of K for each of the fol-
equation has real and equal roots.
lowing quadratic equations so that they
b b
Either, x= or x  have equal roots.
2a 2a
(i) 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0 (ii) kx(x – 2) + 6 = 0
x=

 4 3  or x    4 3 
 Sol. (i) We have, 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0
2 3 2 3

4 3 4 3 Compare the equation with standard form

 x= or x 
6 6 ax 2  bx  c  0 , we get
2 3 2 3
 x= or x = a = 2, b = k and c = 3
3 3

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Now D = b2 – 4ac Rejected x = – 20 because side can not be
negative consider x = 20
= (k)2 – 4(2)(3)
 breadth = 20m and length = 40m
= k2 – 24
Ans : Length = 40 m and breadth = 20 m
 Equation has real and equal roots

 D=0  k2 – 24 = 0 Q.4 Is the following situation possible ? If so,

determine their present ages. The sum
 k2 = 24  k =  24 of the ages of a mother and her daughter
 k =  6  4  k = 2 6 is 20years. Four years ago, the product
of their ages in years was 48.
Ans. k  2 6 or k = 2 6

IX
Sol. Let the present age of the daughter = x yrs.
Sol. (ii) We have, kx(x – 2) + 6 = 0
present age of the mother = (20 – x) yrs.
2
 kx – 2kx + 6 = 0 4 yrs. ago mothers’s age =  20  x  4 

FL
Compare the equation with standard form = (16 – x) yrs.
4 yrs. ago daughter’s age = (x – 4) yrs.
ax 2  bx  c  0 , we get
According question condition,
a = k, b = – 2k, c = 6
 (x – 4)(16 – x) = 48
R
Now, D = b2 – 4ac
 16x – x2 – 64 + 4x = 48
 D = (– 2k)2 – 4(k)(6)   x 2  20x  64  48  0
E
 D = 4k2 – 24k  – x 2  20x  112  0

 The equation as real and equal roots  x2 – 20x + 112 = 0

IT

D=0  4k2 – 24k = 0 Comparing with equation; ax 2  bx  c  0


a = 1, b = –20, c = 112
 4k(k – 6) = 0  4k =0 or k – 6 = 0
D = b2 – 4ac
P

Either, k =0 or k – 6 = 0  k = 6
= (–20)2 – 4 × 1 × 112
Ans. k  0 or 6 = 400 – 448 = – 48
JU

Q.3 Is it possible design a rectangular mango  D < 0  Equation has no real roots.
groove whose length is twice its breadth, Ans : The given situation is not possible.
and ar ea is 800 m2 ? If so, find its length
Q.5 Is it possible to design a rectangular park
and breadth.
of perimeter 80m and area 400m2 ? If so,
Sol. Let breath of the rectangular mango groove find the length and breadth.
be x m, Therfore length of the rectangular Sol. Let length and breadth of rectangular field be
mango groove = 2x m x and y meters respectivly, then

According question condition, According first condition area = 400m2

 L × B = 800 m2  x × 2x = 800 m2 x  y  400m 2 (i)

 x2 = 400 m2  x =  400m  20 m According second condition

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 Perimeter of rectangular field = 80 m 132
Time taken by passenger train = hrs
x
2(x + y) = 80
132
x + y = 40 m and time taken by express train = hrs
x  11
y = (40 – x) According question condition,

Put y   40  x  in equation (i), we get 132 132

   1  132  132 = 1
x x  11 x x  11
 xy = 400  x(40 – x) = 400
1 1 
 40x – x2 = 400  – x2 + 40x = 400  132   x 11 x 
= 1  132 =1
 x x 11  x(x 11) 

IX
  x 2  40 x  400  0
132  11 1452 1
 2
1  2 
2
 x  40 x  400  0 x  11x x 11x 1
Compare the equation, with standard form  x2 + 11 x = 1452
ax 2  bx  c  0 , we get  x2 + 11x – 1452 = 0

FL
a = 1, b = –40, c = 400  x 2  45x  33x  1452  0

D = b2 – 4ac  x  x  45   33  x  45   0
= (– 40)2 – 4 × 1 × 400   x  33 x  45  0
R
= 1600 – 1600 = 0
Either  x  33  0 or x  45  0
Here D = 0, Therfore equation has real and
Either x  33 or x  45
equal roots they are given by
E
Consider x = 33 and rejected x = – 45 because
b  ( 40) 40 speed can not be negative
 x= = =  20
2a 2 1 2
IT

Ans : 33 km/hr and 44 km/hr

Put x  20 in equaiton (i), we get

x  y  40  20  y  400
P

y  20m , here x  y  20m each.

Hence given recangle is a square. But given
JU

desing is rectangle so it is not possible.

Q.6 An express train takes 1 hour less than a

passenger train to travel 132 km between
Mysore and Banglore (without taking into
consideration the time they shop at inter-
mediate station). If the average speed of
the express train is 11 km/h more than
that of the passenger train, find the aver-
age speed of the two trains.

Sol. Let the speed of passenger train = x km/ph

 the speed of express train = (x + 11) km/ph

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 CHAPTER : 6 – ARITHEMETIC PROGRESSION
NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q1. In which of the following situations, does and so on, Now
the list of numbers involved make an  3x  x
 a 2  a1    x   units
arithmetic progression, and why ?  4  4
(i) The taxi fare after each km when the fare 9x 3x 3x
is Rs. 15 for the first km and Rs. 8 for  a3  a 2    unit
16 4 4
each additional km. Ans. As a 2  a1  a 3  a 2 , this list of numbers

IX
(ii) The amount of air present in a cylinder does not form an A.P.
when a vacuum pump removes 1/4 of the Sol. (iii) Cost of digging the well after 1 metre of
air remaining in the cylinder at a time. digging = Rs. 150 = a 1
(iii) The cost of digging a well after every Cost of digging the well after 2 metres of

FL
metre of digging, when it costs Rs. 150 digging = Rs. 150 + Rs. 50 = Rs. 200 = a 2
for the first metre and rises by Rs. 50 for Cost of digging the well after 3 metres of
each subsequent metre. digging = Rs. 200 + Rs. 50 = Rs. 250 = a 3
and so on, now
(iv) The amount of money in the account every
R
year, when Rs. 10000 is deposited at  a 2  a1 = Rs. 200 – Rs. 150 = Rs. 50

compound interest at 8% per annum.  a 3  a 2 = Rs. 250 – Rs. 200 = Rs. 50

Ans. So this list of numbers forms an A.P. with the
E
Sol. (i) Taxi fair for 1 km = Rs. 15 = a1
first term a = Rs.150 and the common
Taxi fair for 2 km = Rs. 15 + Rs. 8 = Rs. 23 = a 2 difference d = Rs. 50.
Taxi fair for 3 km = Rs. 23 + Rs. 8 = Rs. 31 = a 3 Sol. (iv) Amount of money becomes after 1 year
IT

a 2  a1 = Rs. 23 – Rs. 15 = Rs. 8  8 

Rs. 10000 1   = a1
a 3  a 2 = Rs. 31 – Rs. 23 = Rs. 8  100 
Ans. So, this list of numbers form an arithmetic Amount of money becomes after 2 year
P

progression with the first term a = Rs. 15 and 8 

2

the common difference d = Rs. 8. Rs. 10000 1   = a2
 100 
JU

Sol. (ii) Amount of air present in the cylinder = x Amount of money becomes after 3 years
units (say) = a1
3
 8 
Amount of air present in the cylinder after one Rs. 10000 1   = a3
 100 
time removal of air by the vacuum pump
Now, a 2  a1 is given by
 x  3x
= x    units = a 2 8 
2
 8 
 4 4 
= 10000  1   – 10000 1  100 
 100   
Amount of air present in the cylinder after two
times removal of air by the vacuum pump.  8  8 
= 10000 1  1   1
 100  100 
3x 1  3x  3x 3x 9x
=    =   units = a3  8  8 
4 4 4  4 16 16 = 10000 1   
 100  100 

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 a 3  a 2 is given by Ans.Required terms of the given A.P. are
3 2 4, 1, – 2, –5.
 8   8 
10000 1   – 10000 1   Sol. (iv) Given, a = – 1, d = 1/2
 100   100 
First term of the given A.P. = a = – 1
2
 8   8  Second term = a + d = 1  1/ 2  1/ 2
= 10000 1   1   1
 100   100  Third term = a  2d   1  2  1/ 2 = 0
2 Fourth term = a  3d   1  3 1/ 2  1/ 2
 8   8 
= 10000 1    
 100   100  Ans.Required terms of the given A.P. are

IX
Ans. As a 2  a1  a 3  a 2 , this list of numbers 1,  1/ 2, 0, 1/ 2
does not from in A.P. Sol. (v) Given, a = – 1.25, d = – 0.25
First term of the given A.P. = a = – 1.25
Q2. Write first four terms of the A.P. when the
Second term = a  d  1.25   0.25  1.50

FL
first term a and the common difference d
are given as follows : Third term = a  2d   1.25  2   0.25 
(i) a = 10, d = 10 (ii) a = – 2, d = 0   1.25  0.50 = 1.75
(iii) a = 4, d = – 3 (iv) a = 1, d = 1/2
Fourth term = a  3d 1.25  3   0.25
R
(v) a = – 1.25, d = – 0.25
= 1.25  .75 = 2.00
Sol. (i) Given, a = 10, d = 10
Ans. Required term of the given AP are 1.25,
First term of the given A.P. = a = 10
E
– 1.50, – 1.75, – 2.00.
Second term = a + d = 10 + 10 = 20
Third term = a + 2d = 10 + 2 x 10 = 30 Q3. For the following APs write the first term
IT

Fourth term = a + 3d = 10 + 3 x 10 = 40 and the common difference :

Ans.Required terms of the given A.P. are (a) 3, 1, –1, – 3,.... (b) –5, –1, 3, 7, ...

10, 20, 30, 40. 1 5 9 13

P

(c) , , , ,.... (d) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9,...

Sol. (ii) Given, a = – 2, d = 0 3 3 3 3

First term of the given A.P. = a = – 2 Sol. (a) Given A.P. is 3, 1, –1, – 3, ..........
JU

Second term = a + d = – 2 + 0 = – 2 First term of the given AP is (a) = 3

Third term = a + 2d = – 2 + 2 x 0 = – 2 Common difference (d) = 1 – 3 = – 2

Fourth term = a + 3d = – 2 + 3 x 0 = – 2 Ans. a = 3 ; d =  2

Ans. Required terms of the given A.P. are Sol. (b) Given AP is – 5, –1, 3, 7,....
– 2, –2, – 2, – 2. First term of the given AP is (a) = – 5
Sol. (iii) Given, a = 4, d = – 3 Common difference (d) = –1 – (–5)
First term of the given A.P. = a = 4 = –1 + 5 = 4
Second term = a + d = 4   3 = 1 Ans. a  5; d  4
Third term = a + 2d = 4  2  3 =  2
1 5 9 13
Four therm = a + 3d = 4  3  3  =  5 Sol. (c) Given AP is , , , ,..... ......
3 3 3 3

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 1 5 65 1
First term of the given AP is (a) = a3  a 2  3   
3 2 2 2
5 1 4 Ans. Here, a 3  a 2  a 2  a1 . So, the given list
Common difference (d) =  
3 3 3 of numbers forms an A.P. The next three terms
1 4 of the AP is given by :
Ans. a  ; d 
3 3
1
Sol. (d) Given AP is 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9,........... a 5  a  4d  2  4  2  2  4
2
First term of the given AP is (a) = 0.6
Common difference (d) = 1.7 – 0.6 = 1.1 1 5 9
a 6  a  5d  2  5   2 

IX
2 2 2
Ans. a  0.6; d  1.1
1
Q4. Which of the following are APs ? If they a 7  a  6d  2  6   235
2
form an AP, find the common difference d
Sol. (iii) We have –1.2, – 3.2, – 5.2, – 7.2

FL
and write three more terms.
a1  1.2, a 2  3.2, a 3  5.2
5 7
(i) 2, 4, 8, 16,.... (ii) 2, , 3, ,........
2 2 a 2  a1 = – 3.2 – (– 1.2)
(iii) –1.2, –3.2, –5.2 (iv) – 10, – 6, – 2, 2,....
= – 3.2 + 1.2 = – 2.0
R
(v) 3, 3+ 2, 3+2 2, (vi) 0.2, 0.22, 0.222,
a 3  a 2 = – 5.2 – (– 3.2)
1 1 1
E
(vii) 0, – 4, – 8, – 12 (viii)  ,  ,  , = – 5.2 + 3.2 = – 2.0
2 2 2
(ix) 1, 3, 9, 27, ... (x) a, 2a, 3a, 4a, ... Ans. Here a 3  a 2  a 2  a1 . So, the given of
IT

numbers forms an A.P. with the common

(xi) a, a 2 , a 3 , a 4 ,.... (xii) 2, 8, 18,
difference d = – 2.0. The next three terms of
(xiii) 3, 6, 9, 12,..... AP is given by
a 5  a  4d  1.2  4   2.0    9.2
P

(xiv) 12 , 32 , 52 , 7 2 ,..... (xv) 12 , 52 , 72 , 73,.......

a 6  a  5d  1.2  5   2.0    11.2
Sol. (i) Given sequence is 2, 4, 8, 16,....
a 7  a  6d  1.2  6   2.0  = – 13.2
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a1  2, a 2  4, a 3  8

a 2  a1  4  2  2 Sol. (iv) Given sequence is – 10, – 6, –2, 2, ...

a3  a 2  8  4  4 a1   10, a 2  6, a 3   2, a 4  2

Ans. a 2  a1  a 3  a 2 . So the given list of a 2  a1 = – 6 – (–10) = – 6 + 10 = 4

numbers does not from an A.P.
a 3  a 2 = 2   6  = – 2 + 6 = 4
5 7
Sol. (ii) Given sequence is 2, , 3, ,.... Ans. Here, a 3  a 2  a 2  a1 . So, the given list
2 2
of numbers forms an A.P. with the common
a1  2, a 2  5 / 2, a 3  3, a 4  1/ 2
difference d = 4. The next three terms of the
5 54 1
a 2  a1  2   AP is given by :
2 2 2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 a 5  a  4d   10  4  4  6 a 7  a  6d  0  6  4   0  24  24

a 6  a  5d   10  5  4  10 1 1 1 1
Sol. (viii) We have  ,  ,  ,  ,...
2 2 2 2
a 7  a  6d   10  6  4  14
a1   1/ 2, a 2   1/ 2, a 3   1/ 2, a 4   1/ 2
Sol. (v) We have 3, 3  2, 3  2 2,...
1  1 1 1
a1  3, a 2  3  2, a 3  3  3 2 a 2  a1 =          0
2  2 2 2
a 2  a1 = (3  2)  3  3 2  3  2
a 3  a1 =  1    1    1  1  0
 
a 3  a 2 = (3  2 2)  (3  2)  2 2  2  2 2  2 2 2

IX
Here a 2  a1  a 3  a 2 . So, the given list of Here a 2  a1  a 3  a 4 . So, the given list of

numbers forms an A.P. with the common numbers forms an A.P. with the common

difference d = 2 . The next three terms of difference d = 0. The next three terms of AP

FL
AP given by given by :

a 4  a  3d  3  3  2 = 3  3 2 1 1 1
a 5  a  4d    4  0    0 
2 2 2
a 5  a  4d  3  4  2  3  4 2
1 1 1
 5 0 
R
a 6  a  5d  0
a 6  a  5d  3  5  2  3  5 2 2 2 2
Sol. (vi) We have 0.2, 0,22, 0.222, 0.2222,... 1 1 1 1
a 7  a  6d   6 0   0 
2 2 2 2
E
a1  0.2, a 2  0.22, a 3  0.222, a 4  0.2222
Sol. (ix) Given series is 1, 3, 9, 27,...............
a 2  a1 =0.22 – 0.2 = 0.02
a1  1, a 2  3, a 3  9, a 4  27
IT

a 3  a 2 =0.222 – 0.22 = 0.002

a 2  a1 = 3 – 1 = 2
As a 2  a1  a 3  a 2 . So, the given list of
numbers does not form an A.P. a3  a 2 = 9 – 3 = 6
P

Sol. (vii) We have 0, – 4, – 8, – 12,... Here, a 2  a1  a 3  a 2 . So, the given list of

a1  0, a 2   4, a 3  8, a 4  12 numbers does not form an A.P.

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a 2  a1   4  0   4 Sol. (x) We have a, 2a, 3a, 4a, ....

a 3  a 2   8   4    4 a1  a, a 2  2a, a 3  3a, a 4  4a
a 4  a 3 = – 12 – (– 8) = – 4 a 2  a1 = 2a – a = a
Here a 2  a1  a 3  a 2 . So, given sequence a 3  a 2 = 3a – 2a = a
forms an A.P., with the common difference
Here a 2  a1  a 3  a 2 . So, the given list of
d = – 4. The next three terms of AP is
numbers from an A.P. with the common
given by difference d = 0. The next three terms of AP
a 5  a  4d  0  4  4   0  16  16 given by

a 6  a  5d  0  5  4   0  20  20

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 a 5  a  4d  a  4  a   a  4a  5a Sol. (xiv) Given sequence is 12 , 32 , 52 , 7 2 ,....

a 6  a  5d  a  5  a   a  5a  6a a1  12 , a 2  32 , a 3  52 , a 4  7 2

a 7  a  6d  a  6  a   a  6a  7a 2 2
a 2  a1 = 3  1  9  1  8

Sol. (xi) We have a, a 2 , a 3 , a 4 ,... 2 2

a 3  a 2 = 5  3  25  9  16

a1  a, a 2  a 2 , a 3  a 3 , a 4  a 4 Here a 2  a1  a 3  a 2 , the given list of

a 2  a1 = a 2  a  a(a  1) number does not form an A.P.

a 3  a 2 = a 3  a 2  a 2 (a  1) Sol. (xv) Given sequence is 12 , 5 2 , 7 2 , 73,....

IX
As a 2  a1  a 3  a 2 . So, the given list of the a1  12 , a 2  52 , a 3  7 2 , a 4  73

numbers does not form an A.P. a 2  a1 = 52  12 = 25  1 = 24

FL
Sol. (xii) Given sequence is 2, 8, 18, 32,.... a 3  a 2 = 7 2  52 = 49  25 = 24

a1  2, a 2  8, a 3  18, a 4  32 Ans. Here a 2  a1  a 3  a 2 . So, the given list

or a1  2, a 2  2 2, a 3  3 2, a 4  4 2 of numbers forms an A.P. with common

difference d = 24. The next three terms of AP

R
a 2  a1  8  2  2 2  2  2
given by
a 3  a 2 = 18  8 = 3 2  2 2  2
a 5  a  4d  12  4  24 1  96  97
E
a 4  a 3 = 32  18 = 4 2  3 2  2
a 6  a  5d 12  5  24  1 120 121
Here a 2  a1  a 3  a 2 . So, the given list of
IT

a 7  a  6d  12  6  24  1  144  145
numbers forms an A.P. with the common

difference d = 2 . The next three terms of

P

AP given by

a 5  a  4d  2  4  2  24 2 5 2
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a 6  a  5d  2 5  2  2 5 2 6 2

a 7  a  6d  2 6  2  2 6 2 7 2

Sol. (xiii) Given sequence is 3, 6, 9, 12,...

a1  3, a 2  6, a 3  9, a 4  12

a 2  a1 = 6  3  3( 2  1)

a 3  a 2 = 9  6  3( 3  2)

Here a 2  a1  a 3  a 2 , the given list of

numbers does not form an A.P.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
Q1. Fill in the blanks :  –5= a – 51

a d n an  a = 51 – 5  a = 46
Ans. a = 46
(i) 7 3 8 ...
Sol. (iv) a   18.9; d  2.5; a n  3.6 , n = ?
(ii) –18 ... 10 0
We know that,
(iii) ... –3 18 –5
 a n = a + (n – 1)d

IX
(iv) –18.9 2.5 ... 3.6  3.6 = – 18.9 + (n – 1)(2.5)
(v) 3.5 0 105 ...  3.6 + 18.9 = (n –1)(2.5)

Sol. (i) a = 7 ; d = 3 ; n = 8; a n  ?  22.5 = 2.5n  2.5

FL
We know that,  22.5 + 2.5 = 2.5 n

 an = a + (n – 1)d  25  2.5n  n = 10
Ans. n = 10
 a n = 7 + (8 – 1)3
R
Sol.(v) a  3.5; d  0; n  10.5 , a n  ?
 a n = 7 + (7) 3
We know that,
 a n  7  21  a n = 28  a n  a   n  1 d
E
Ans. an = 28
 a n = 3.5  10.5  1  0
IT

Sol. (ii) a =  18; n = 10; an = 0, d = ?  a n  3.5  9.5  0

We know that,
 a n  3.5  0  a n = 3.5
 a n = a + (n – 1) d
Ans. an = 3.5
P

 0 = – 18 + (10 – 1) d
Q2. Choose the correct choice in the following
 0   18  9d and justify :
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 18 = 9d  d=2 (i) 30th term of the AP : 10, 7, 4, ... is

Ans. d = 2 (A) 97 (B) 77

Sol. (iii) d  3; n  18; a n   5 , a = ? (C) –77 (D) –87

We know that, (ii) 11th term of the AP : –3, –1/2, 2, ... is

 a n = a + (n – 1)d (A) 28 (B) 22

 –5= a + (18 – 1)(–3) 1

(C) – 38 (D)  48
2
 5  a  17  3
Sol. (i) Given AP is 10, 7, 4, .......

a = 10, d  7  10   3

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 a30 = a + 29d = 10 + 29 × (–3) = 18 – 10 = 8 Ans.

= 10 – 87 = – 77 Ans. Hence, the missing term in the boxes

Hence, the correct option is (C). are 18 and 8.

1 Sol. (iii) Let the common difference of the given

Sol. (ii) Given AP is 3, , 2, .......
2 1 19
A.P. be d. a = 5, a 4  9  a4 
1 2 2
a  3, d    3  5 / 2
2  a 4  19 / 2  a + 3d = 19/2
5
a11 =a + 10 d = 3  10  = 22  a  3d  19 / 2  5  3d  19 / 2

IX
2
Hence, the correct option is (B).  3d = 19 / 2  5  3d = 9/2
Q3. In the following AP’s, find the missing  d = 3/2; The missing term is given by
terms in the boxes : a 2  a  d = 5  3/ 2  13 / 2  6 1 2

FL
(i) 2, , 26 3
a 3  a  2d  5  2    5  3  8 Ans.
2
(ii) , 13, ,3
Ans. Hence, missing terms in the boxes
R
1 1
(iii) 5, , ,9 are 6 and8.
2 2

(iv) –4, , , , ,6 Sol. (iv) Let the common difference of the given
E
A.P. be d. a = – 4
(v) , 38, , , , – 22
IT

Sol. (i) Given : a = 2, a3 = 26 ; a 2  ?  a 6  6  a  5d  6

 a 3  26  a + 2d = 26  – 4 + 5d = 6  5d = 6 + 4

 2  2d  26  2d = 26 – 2 = 24  5d = 10  d 2
P

 d = 12, the missing term a 2 given by Therefore, the missing term of AP is given by
 a2 =a + d = 2 + 12 = 14 Ans. a 2  a  d   4  2  2
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Sol. (ii) Let the first term and the common a 3  a  2d   4  2  2   0

difference of the given A.P. be a and b
a 4  a  3d   4  3  2   2
respectively
a 2  13  a  d  13 (i) a 5  a  4d   4  4  2   4

a 4  3  a  3d  3 (ii) Ans. Hence, the missing terms in the boxes

Solving (i) and (ii), we get are –2, 0, 2, 4

a= 18, d = – 5 Sol. (v) Let the first terms and the common
Hence, The missing term a 3 is given by difference of the given A.P. be a and d

a3 = a + 2d  = 18 + 2(–5) respectively

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 a 2  38  a + d = 38 ...(i)  7+(n  1) × 6 = 205
a 6   22  a + 5d = – 22 ...(ii)  7  6n  6  205  6n + 1 = 205
Solving (i) and (ii), we get  6n = 204  n = 34
a = 53, d = – 15 Ans. 34 terms.
Therefore, the missing term is given by 1 31
Sol. (ii) a = 18, d = 15 18   18  5 / 2
2 2
a 3  a  2d  53  2  15  = 53  30  23
a n  47 ; n = ?
a 4  a  3d  53  3  15   53  45  8
We know that,

IX
a 5  a  4d  53  4  15  53  60   7  a   n  1 d  a n  a n   47
Ans. Hence, the missing terms in the boxes are
 a + (n – 1)d = – 47
53, 23, 8, – 7
 18+(n –1) ×  5 / 2  = – 47

FL
Q4. Which term of the A.P 3, 8, 13, 18, ..  (n – 1) ×  5 / 2  = – 47 – 18 = – 65
is 78 ?
  n  1  5 / 2    65
Sol. a = 3, d =  8  3  5 , Let nth term of the
 n – 1 = (–65) ×  2 / 5 
given AP be 78
R
65 2
We know that, n 1 = = 26  n = 27
5
an = a + (n – 1) d  a   n  1  d  a n Ans. 27 terms.
E
 a   n  1 d  a n Q6. Is – 150 a term of 11, 8, 5, 2, ... ? Why ?
Sol. Given series is 11, 8, 5, 2 .............................
IT

 a + (n – 1)d = 78  an= 78 & a = 3, d = 5

a = 11, d = 8 – 11 = –3 Let n th term is 150
 3 + (n – 1) × 5 = 78
 5n – 2 = 78  5n = 80 We know that,
P

 n = 16  a n  a   n  1  d  a   n 1  d  an

 11 + (n – 1) × (–3) = – 150
Ans. 16th term of the given AP is 78
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 –3(n – 1) = – 150 – 11
Q5. Find the number of terms in each of the
 –3(n – 1) = – 161  3(n – 1) = 161
following AP’s :
161 161
(i) 7, 13, 19, ..., 205  n–1=  n= 1
3 3
1 164 2
(ii) 18, 15 , 13,..., 47  n = 3 = 54 3
2
Sol. (i) a = 7, d = 13  7  6; a n = 207; n  ? It is not possible because, number of terms

We know that, cannot be in fraction. Hence – 150 cannot be

a term of the A.P.
 a   n  1 d  a n  a + (n – 1)d = 205
Q7. Find the 31st term of an AP whose 11th

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 term is 38 and the 16th term is 73. Q10. The 17th terms of an AP exceeds its 10th

Sol. a11 = 38,  a + 10d = 38 ...(i) term by 7. Find the common difference.

a16 = 73,  a + 15d = 73 ...(ii) Sol. Let common difference of the AP is d then

Solving (i) and (ii), we get According question condition

a   32 and d  7  a17  a10  7  a17  a10 = 7

 (a + 16d) – (a + 9d)= 7
a31 = a + 30d = –32 + 30 × 7
 a + 16d – a – 9d = 7
= –32 + 210 Ans.178
 7d = 7  d= 1

IX
Q8. An AP consists of 50 terms of which 3rd
term is 12 and the last term is 106. Find Ans. Common difference is 1.

the 29th term. Q11. Which term of the AP : 3, 15, 27, 39, will

Sol. be 132 more than its 54th term ?

a 3 = 12 ; a n =106 and n = 50

FL
a 3  12  a + 2d = 12 ...(i) Sol. Given AP. is : 3, 15, 27, 39,...

 a   n  1  d  a n Let nth term of the given AP is 132 more than

its 54th term. a  3, d  15  3  12
 a + (50 –1)d = 106
R
According question condition.
 a + 49d =106 ...(ii)
a n  a 54  132
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
a   n  1 d   a  53d  132
E
 d  2 and a = 8
3   n  1  12   3  53  12   132
 a 29  a  28d = 8  28  2
3  12n  12  639 , 12n  9  639 ;
IT

= 8 + 56 = 64 Ans. a29 = 64
12n  639  9 , 12n  648 ; n  65 .
Q9. If the 3rd and 9th terms of an AP are 4
and –8 respectively, which term of this AP Ans. 65th term is 132 more than 5th term.
P

is zero? Q12. Two APs have the same common

Sol. a3 = 4, a9 = – 8, Let nth term is zero. difference. The difference between their
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100th term is 100, what the difference

a3  4  a + 2d = 4 ...(i)
between their 1000th term ?
a9   8  a + 8d = – 8 ...(ii)
Sol. Let the common difference of both the A.P,’s
Solving (i) and (ii), we get = d and first terms of both AP’s be a and A
a  4 and d   2 respectively. Let nth term of both AP’s be an
We know that, a n  a   n  1 d and Tn
 0 = 8 + (n – 1) × (–2) then 100th term of 1st A.P. = a100  a  99d
 0 = 8 – 2n + 2 and 100th term of IInd A.P. = T100 = A + 99d
 2n = 8 + 2  2n = 10 Diff. their 100th term = 100 (Given)
Ans. 5th term of the given A.P. is zero.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  a100  T100  100  248 – 12 =4(n – 1)

 (a + 99d) – (A + 99d) = 100  236 = 4(n – 1)  n – 1 = 59

 a + 99d – A – 99d = 100  n = 59 + 1 = 60

 a – A = 100 (i) Ans. Hence, 60 multiples of 4 lies between 10

Now, 1000th term of 1st A.P. a1000= a + 999d and 250.
and 1000th term of IInd A.P. T1000= A + 999d Q15. For what value of n, are nth term of two
Hence, difference between their 1000th terms AP’s 63, 65, 67, ........ and 3, 10, 17, ...

IX
= a1000  T1000 equal.
= (a + 999d) – (A + 999d) Sol. Given AP’s are 63, 65, 67, ... and 3, 10, 17, ....
= a  999d  A  999d
Let nth term of two AP’s be same, suppose

FL
= a  A = 100 (from (i))
nth term of two AP’s be an and a1n . Then for
Ans. a1000  T1000  100
first AP a = 63, d = 65 – 63 = 2
Q13. How many three digit numbers are We know that,
R
divisible by 7 ? a n  a   n  1  d  63   n  1  2
Sol. Three digit numbers which are divisible by
 a n = 63   n  1  2
E
7 are 105, 112, 119, ..., 994
 a n = 63  2n  2
Here, a = 105, d = 112 – 105 = 7 and a n  994
IT

We know that, a n  a   n  1  d  a n = 61  2n

 994 = 105 + (n – 1) × 7 for second AP : 3, 10, 17, a = 3, d = 10 – 3 = 7

 994 – 105 =7 × (n – 1) We know that,

P

 889 = 7 × (n – 1) a n  a   n  1  d
 n – 1 = 127  n  128
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 a n = 3   n  1  7
Ans. Hence, 128 three digit numbers are
divisible by y6.  a n = 3   n  1  7

Q14. How many multiples of 4 lie between 10  a n = 3  7n  7

and 250 ?
 a n = 7n  4
Sol. Multiple of 4 lying between 10 and 250 are :
According question condition
12, 16, 20, ..., 248
a n  a1n  61  2n  7n  4
Here, a = 12 ; d = 16 – 12 = 4, a n = 248
 2n  7n   4  61
We know that; a n = a + (n – 1)d
 5n   65  5n  65
 248 =12 + (n – 1) × 4

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  n 13 Solving equation (i) and (ii), we get
Ans. 13th term of both AP’s will be same. a = – 13, d = 5
Q16. Determine the AP whose third term is 16 Required three terms AP are, –13, –8, –3
and the 7th term exceeds the 5th term Ans. Three number are –13, –8, – 3
by 12. Q19. Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an
annual salary of Rs. 5000 and received an
Sol. a 3  16  a  2d  16 ..(i) increment of Rs.200 each year when did
 6d  4d  12 his income reach Rs. 7000 ?
Sol. According question condition, Yearly income
 2d  12  d  6
of Subha Rao is following :

IX
Put d = 6 in equation (i) , we get a = 4 5000, 5200, 5400, 5600,....
Hence, required AP is 4, 10, 16, 22 .... Here, a = 5000, d = 5200 – 500 = 200
Ans. Thus, the AP is 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, .... a n  7000 n=?

FL
Q17. Find the 20th term from the last term of We know that an =a + (n – 1) d
 7000 =5000 + (n – 1) 200
the AP 3, 8, 13, ..., 253.
 7000 =5000 + 200n – 200
Sol. Given AP; 3, 8, 13, ..., 253
 7000 =4800 + 200n
Here, a = 253; d = 3 – 8 = –5
R
 200n =2200  n = 111
 20th term from the end is given by
Ans. In the 11th year, his income reached by
a n  a   n  1  d Rs. 7,000.
E
a 20  253   20  1   5 Q20. Ramkali saved Rs. 5 in the first week of a
year and then increased her weekly
a 20  253  19   5
IT

savings by Rs. 1.75. If nth week her

a 20  253  95  158 weekly savings become Rs. 20.75, find n.
Ans. 20th term from the end is 158 Sol. According question information. Weekly
Q18. The sum of the 4th and 8th terms of an AP savings of Ramkali is following :
P

is 24 and the sum of the 6th and 10th terms 5, 6.75, 8.50, 10.25,.......
is 44. Find the first three terms of the AP. Here, a = 5, d = 6.75 - 5 = 1.75,
JU

Sol. According first condition an = 20.75 n=?

 a 4  a 8 = 24 We know that; an = a + (n – 1)d
 (a  3d)  (a  7d) = 24  20.75 =5 + (n – 1) (1.75)
 2a  10d = 24  20.75 =5 + 1.75n – 1.75
 a  5d = 12 ...(i)  20.75 =1.75n + 3.25
According second conditon  20.75 – 3.25 = 1.75 n
a 6  a10  44  175.5 = 1.75n  1.75n 17.5
 (a  5d)  (a  9d) =44  n = 1.75  1.75 = 10
 2a  14d = 44 Ans. In the 10th week her saving reached by
 a  7d = 22 ...(ii) Rs.20.75

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 3
Q1. Find the sum of the following APs :
S100  ? n = 10
(i) 2, 7, 12, .... to 10th term. We know that
(ii) – 37, – 33, – 29, .... to 12 terms. n
 Sn = 2a   n  1 d 
2
(iii) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, ......... to 100 terms.
100
1 1 1  S100 =  2a  100  1  d 
(iv) , ,
15 12 10
,.... to 11 terms. 2 
100 [ 2a  99d ]
Sol. (i) Given AP is 2, 7, 12 to 10th term  S100 =

IX
2
Here, a = 2, d = 7  2  5  n = 100, a = 0.6 and d = 1.1

n = 10 S10  ?  S100 = 50 × [2(0.6) + 99(1.1)]

We know that

FL
 S100 = 50 × {1.2 + 108.9}
n
 Sn 
2
2a   n  1 d Ans. S100 = 5505

1 1 1
10 Sol. (iv) Given AP is , , ........ 11 terms
 S10   2a  10  1 d  15 12 10
2 
R
[ n = 1, a = 2 and d = 5] 1, 1  1 54 1
Here a = d= = =
15 12 15 60 60
10 [2a  9d] We know that
S10 = = 5 × [2 × 2 + 9 × 5]
E
2
n
S10 = 5  4  45  5  49  241  Sn = 2a   n  1 d 
2
IT

Ans. S10 = 245 11

 S11 = 2a  11  1  d 
Sol. (ii) Given AP is 37, 33, 29, .... to 12the term 2 

Here, a = – 37, d = 33   37   4 11{2a  10d}

 S11 =
P

2
We know that
 a = 1/15, d = 1/60 and n = 11
1
n
2a   n  1 xd 
JU

 Sn = 11 2  1  10  1 
2   S11 = 2  15 60 
12
 S12 =  2a  12  1  d  11   2  1 
2  S11 = 2 15 6 
12 [ 2a  11d ]
 S12 =  n  12 11   4  5 
2 33
 S11 = 2  30  = 20 Ans.
 S12 = 6 × [2(–37) + 11 × 4]

 S12 = 6 × [–74 + 44] = 6  30  Q2. Find the sums given below :

Ans. S12 = –180 1

(i) 7  10  14  ...  84
2
Sol. (iii) Given AP is 0.6, 1.7, 2.8... to 100 the terms
(ii) 34 + 32 + 30 + ... + 10
Here, a = 0.6, d = 1.7   0.6   1.1

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 (iii) –5 + (–8) + (–11) + ... + (– 230) 13 13
 S13 = [34  10] =  44
2 2
1
Sol. (i) Given series is; 7  10  14 ........ 84  S13 = 13 × 22 = 286 Ans. S13 = 286
2
Let ‘a’ be first term and ‘d’ be the common Sol. (iii) Given series is 5 8   11  ..... 230

Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ the common

21 7 21  14 7
difference then, d =  = 
2 1 2 2 difference then, a = – 5, d = – 3, a n = –230
We know that We know that,
 a n = a + (n – 1)d
a n = a + (n – 1)d

IX
7
 84 = 7 + (n – 1)  – 230 = – 5 + (n – 1) d
2
 230 = 5   n  1   3
7
 84  7   n  1   – 230 = – 5 – 3n + 3

FL
2
7 2  – 230 = – 2 – 3n  230  2   3n
 77   n  1   77    n  1
2 7  – 228 = – 3n  n = 76
 11  2  n  1  22  n  1 We know that ;
R
 n = 23 n
Sn = a  an 
We know that 2

n 76
E
[a  a n ]  S76 = [ 5  (–230)]
 Sn = 2
2
 n = 76, a = 5 and –230
23
 S76 = 38  5  230
IT

 S23 = [7  84]
2
23 2093  S76 = 38 (– 235) = – 8930
 S23 =  91 
2 2 Ans. S76 = 8930
P

1
 S23 = 1046 Ans. Q3. In an AP :
2
JU

Sol. (ii) Given series is 34 + 32 + 30 + .....10 (i) Given a = 5, d = 3, a n  50, find n and

Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ the common Sn .

difference then a = 34, d = – 2, a n = 10 (ii) Given a = 7, a13  35, find d and S13 .

We know that, a n = a + (n – 1) d (iii) Given a12 = 37, d = 3, find a and S12 .

 10 = 34 + (n – 1) (– 2) (iv) Given a 3  15, S10  125, find d and
 10 = 34 – 2n + 2  10 = 36 – 2n a10 .
 –26 = – 2n  n = 13 (v) Given d = 5, S 9 = 75, find a and a 9 .
We know that,
(vi) Given a = 2, d = 8, S n  90, find n
n
 Sn = [a  a n ] and a n .
2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 (vii) Given a = 8, an = 62, Sn = 210, find d.  n = 13/2, a = 2 and d = 7/3

13  7
(viii) Given a n  4, d = 2, S n  14, find  S13 = 14  12  
2 3
n and a.
13 13
(ix) Given a = 3, n = 8, S = 192, find d.  S13 = [14  28] =  42 = 273
2 2
(x) Given l = 28, S = 144, and there are 7
Ans. d = and S13  273
total 9 terms. Find a. 3

Sol. (i) Here a = 5, d = 3, a n = 50 Sol. (iii) Here, a12 = 37, d = 3, a  ? , S12  ?

IX
n ? Sn  ? We know that, a n = a + (n – 1)d

We know that,  a12 = a + (12 – 1) × 3

a n = a + (n – 1)d  37 = a + 11 × 3 ( a12  37 and d  3)

FL
 50 = 5 + (n – 1) × 3  37 = a + 33  a = 37 – 33

 50 – 5 = 3 × (n – 1)  a = 37 – 33 = 4

 45 = 3 × (n – 1)  15 = (n – 1) We know that,
R
 15 + 1 = n  n = 16 n
 Sn =  (a  an )
2
n
We know Sn = [2a  (n  1)d]
E
2 12
 S12 =  (4  37)
2
16
 S16 = [2  5  (16  1)  3)]  n = 12, a = 4, l = 37
IT

2
S16 = 8 × [10 + 15 × 3]  S12 = 6 × 41 = 246

Ans. a = 4 ; S12 = 246
 S16 = 8 × [10 + 45] = 8 × 55 = 440
P

Ans. n = 16 and S16 = 440 Sol. (iv) Here a 3 = 15; S10 = 120; d  ? a10  ?

Sol. (ii) Here a = 7, a13  35 , d  ? ; S13  ? We know that

JU

We know that, a n = a + (n – 1)d n

 Sn = [2a  (n  1)d]
2
 a13 = 7 + (13 – 1)d
10
 S10 = [2a  (10  1)d]
 35 = 7 + 12d  35 – 7 = 12d 2

 12d = 28  d = 7/3  120 = 5 × [2a + 9d]

We know that,  24 = 2a + 9d
n  S10 = 120, n  10 ...(i)
 Sn = [2a  (n  1)d
2
And a 3 = 15  a + 2d = 15 ...(ii)
13  7
 S13 =  2  7  (13 1)   Solving (i) and (ii), we get
2 3

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 6 87 We know that,
d= and a 
5 5 n
Sn = [2a  (n  1)  8]  Sn  90
87  6  2
Now a10 = a + 9d =  9 
5  5  n
 90 = [2  2  (n  1)  8]
2
87 54 87  54 33
a10 =     a = 2, d = 8
5 5 5 5
 180 = n[4 + 8n – 8]
6 33
Ans. d = an a10 
5 5  180 = n[8n – 4]  180 = 8n2 – 4n

IX
Sol. (v) Here d  5, S9  75, a  ? a 9  ?  8n2 – 4n – 180 = 0  2n2 – n – 45 = 0

n  2n2 –10n + 9m – 45 = 0
We know that Sn = [2a  (n  1)d]
2
 2n(n – 5) + 9(n – 5) = 0

FL
9
 S9 =  [2a  (n  1)  5]  Either n – 5 = 0 or 2n + 9 = 0
2
 Either n = 5 or n = 9/2
9
 75 =  [2a  8  5]  S9 = 75 9
2 Rejected n  because number of terms
2
R
 150 = 9 × [2a + 40] d=5
cannot be negative and consider n = 5
150 50
 2a + 40 =  Now, a 5 = a + 4d  a 5 = 2 + 4 x 8
9 3
E
50 50  120 a5 = 2 + 32  a 5 = 34
 2a =  40 
3 3 Ans. n = 5; a n = 34
IT

70 35 Sol. (vii) Here a = 8, a n = 62, Sn = 210, d = ?

 a = 
3 2 3
We know that; a n = a + (n – 1)d
We know that,
P

 62 = a + (n – 1)d  a n  62
a n = a + (n – 1)d
 62 = 8 + (n – 1) d  a = 8
JU

35
 a9 =   9  1 5  62 – 8 = (n – 1)d
2
35  54 = (n – 1) d
 a9 =  85
3 ...(i)
35 We know that
 a9 =  40
3 n
 Sn = [2a  (n  1)d]
35  120 85 2
 a9 = 
3 3 n
 210 = [2  8  (n  1)d]
35 85 2
Ans. a = and a 9 =
3 3  420 = n[16 + (n – 1) d] ...(ii)
Sol. (vi) Here a = 2, d = 8, Sn = 90, n  ?, a n  ?

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  a = 6 – 2n  a = 6 – 2 x 7
 420 = n[16 + 54]
 a = 6 – 14  a = – 8
 420 = 70n  n=6
Ans. n = 7 and a = – 8
Put n = 6 in equation (i), we get
Sol. (ix) Here a = 3, n = 8, Sn = 192, d = ?
 54 = (6 – 1) × d  54 = 5d
We know that,
54
 5d = 54  d =
5 n
 Sn = [2a  (n  1)d]
54 2
Ans. n = 6 and d =
5 8

IX
 192 = [2  3  (8  1)d]  Sn  192
Sol. (viii) Here, a n = 4, d = 2, Sn = – 14 2
 192 = 4  6  7d   a = 3, n = 8
n= ? a=?
 48 = 6 + 7d  6 + 7d = 48

FL
We know that, a n = a + (n – 1)d

 4 = a + (n – 1)2  7d = 48 – 6 = 7d = 42, d = 6

 4 = a + 2n – 2  a n  4, d  2 Ans. d = 6

 4 + 2 = a + 2n Sol. (x) Here, l = 28, Sn = 144, n = 9, a = ?

R
 a + 2n = 6  a = 6 – 2n ...(i) We know that :  l = a + (n – 1)d

We know that  28 = a + (9 – 1)d

E
n  28 = a + 8d
 Sn = [2a  (n  1)d
2
 a  8d  28 ...(i)
IT

n
 – 14 = [2a  (n  1)  2] We know that
2
 – 28 = n[2a + 2(n – 1)] n
 Sn = [2a  (n  1)d]
2
P

 – 28 = 2n [a + (n – 1)]
9
 – 14 = n[a + (n – 1)] ...(ii)  144 = [2a  (n  1)d]  Sn 144, n  9
2
JU

Put a = 6 – 2n in equation (ii), we get  288 = 9 [2a + 8d]  32 = 2a + 8d

 – 14 = n[6 – 2n + n – 1]  2a + 8d = 32  a + 4d = 16 ...(ii)
2
 – 14 = n[5 – n]  – 14 = 5n – n Solving (i) and (ii), we get, a = 4
2
 n – 5n – 14 = 0  (n – 7)(n + 2) = 0 Ans. a = 4
 Either, n – 7 = 0 or n + 2 = 0 Q4. How many terms of the AP 9 + 17 + 25 +
 Either, n = 7 or n = – 2 ... must be taken to give a sum of 636 ?
Rejectd n = – 2, because number of terms Sol. Given AP; 9 + 17 + 25 + .............
can not be negative and consider n = 7 Here, a = 9, d = 17 – 9 = 8, Sn = 636, n = ?
Put n = 7 in equation (i), we get We know that;

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 n  45 – 5 = 15d
Sn  2a   n  1  d 
2 8
 40 = 15d  d=
n 3
 [2a + (n – 1)d] = 636  Sn 636
2
8
n Ans. n = 16 and d =
 [2 × 9+(n –1)(8)] = 636 3
2
Q6. The first term and last term of an AP are
n
 [18 + 8n – 8] = 636 17 and 350 respectively. If the common
2
differnce is 9, how many terms are what is
n
 {8n + 10} = 636 their sum ?
2

IX
Sol. Here a = 17, an = 350 and d = 9 n = ?
 n(4n + 5) = 636 (why)
We know that an = a + (n – 1)d
 4n2 + 5n – 636 = 0
 350 = 17 + (n – 1) × 9
 4n 2  53n  48n  636 = 0

FL
 350 – 17 = 9 × (n – 1)
 n  4n  53 12 4n  53 = 0
 333 = 9   n  1
  n  12  4n  53 = 0
 37  n  1
Either, (n –12 or (4n+53) = 0
 n = 38
R
53
Either, n  12 and n  Hence, there are 28 terms
4
Rejected n = –53/4, because number of terms n
We know that; Sn = (a + an)
E
2
can not be negative and in fraction, consider,
n = 12 38
 S38 = (17  350)
2
IT

Ans. 12 terms makes the sum.  n = 38, a = 17 and n = 350

Q5. The first term of an AP is 5, the last term S38 = 19 × 367 = 6973

is 45 and the sum is 400. Find the number Ans. n  38; S38  6973
P

of terms and the common difference. Q7. Find the sum of first 22 terms of an AP in
Sol. Here a = 5, a n  45, S = 400 which d = 7 and 22nd term is 149.
JU

n Sol. Here, d = 7, an = 149; S22  ?

We know that : Sn = (a  a n )
2
 a 22 149  a + 21d = 149
n
 400 = (5  45)  Sn  400  a + 21 × 7 =149  a + 147 = 149
2
n  a  149 147  a = 2
 400 =  50  25n
2 n
We know that Sn  a  a n 
 a = 5, a n  45 2
 400  25n  n = 16 22
 S22   2  149
We know that an = a + (n – 1)d 2

 45 = 5 + (16 – 1)d  S22 = 11 × [2 + 149]

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  S22 = 11 × 151 = 1661 n
Sn  2a   n  1 d 
2
Ans. S22  1661
17
 S17 = [2a  (17  1)d]
Q8. Find the sum of first 51 terms an AP whose 2
second and third terms are 14 and 18 17
 289 = [2a  16d]
respectively. 2

Sol. Here n =51, a 2 = 14, a 3 = 18  289 = 17(a + 8d)  a + 8d = 17 ...(ii)

a 2 14  a  d  14 .....(i) Solving equation (i) and (ii), we get

d = 2 and a = 1

IX
a 3  18  a  2d  18 .....(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get We know that
a = 10 and d = 4 n
Sn = [2a  (n  1)d]
We know that, 2

FL
n n
Sn = [2a  (n  1)d]  Sn = [2  1  (n  1)  2]
2 2
51 n
 S51 = [2  10  (51  1)4]  Sn =  2  2n  2
2 2
R
51 51 n
 S51 = [20  50  4] =  (20  200)  Sn =  2n   n  n
2 2 2
E
2
51  Sn = n  n  n
 S51 =  220 = 51 x 110 = 5610 Ans.
2  Sn  n 2 Ans. Sn  n 2
Q9. If the sum of 7 terms of an AP is 49 and
IT

Q10. Show that a1 , a 2 , ..., an ,... from an AP

that of 17 terms is 289, find the sum of n where a n is defined as below :
terms. (i) a n  3  4n (ii) a n  9  5n
Also find the sum of first 15 terms in each
P

Sol. Here, S7 =49, S17 = 289

case.
Let ‘a’ be the first term of AP and ‘d’ is the
Sol. (i) Given : a n =3 + 4n
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common difference of AP. We know that,

n Putting n =1, 2, 3, 4, ... in (i), we get
Sn = [2a  (n  1)d]
2 a1  3  4  1  3  4  7
7 a 2  3  4  2  3  8  11
 S7   2a   7  1 d 
2
a 3  3  4  3  3  12  15
7
 49   2a  6d  a 4  3  4  4  3  16  19
2
2 Thus, the sequence (list of numbers) is
 2a  6d  49   2a  6d  14
7 7, 11, 15, 19, ................
 a + 3d = 7 ...(i)
Here a 2  a 1 = 11 – 7 = 4
Again, we know that
a 3  a 2 = 15 – 11 = 4

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 a 4  a 3 = 19 – 15 = 4 What is the sum of two terms ? What is
the second term ? Similarly, find the 3rd
Here, a 3  a 2  a 2  a1 Therefore, the
the 10th and the nth terms.
sequence forms an AP in which a =7 and d = 4
Sol. Given : Sn = 4n  n 2
We know that :
Put, n = 1, 2, 3, 4 ....., in above equation we get
n
Sn  2a   n  1  d  2
2 S1 = 4 1  1  4  1  3
15 S2 = 4(2)  (2) 2 = 8–4=4
 S15 = 2 {2a  14d}
2
15 S3  4  3   3  12  9  3

IX
 S15 = {2 × 7 + 14 × 4}
2
a1  S1  3
15
 S15 = 14  56 = 15
2
× 70 a 2 = S2  S1  4  3  1
2

FL
= 15 × 35 = 525 Put n = 9, 10, in above equation, we get

Ans. S15  525 S9 = 4(9)  (9) 2 = 36 – 81 = – 45

Sol. (ii) Given : a n =9 – 5n S10 = 4(10)  (10) 2 = 40 – 100 = – 60

Putting n = 1, 2, 3, 4,.., in abve equation, we get  Tenth term  a10  = S10  S9

R
a1  9  5  1  9  5  4 = – 60 – (– 45)
a 2  9  5  2  9  10   1 = – 60 + 45 = – 15
E
a 3  9  5  3  9  15   6 Now, Sn 1 = 4(n  1)  (n  1) 2
a 2  a 1   1  4  5
= (4n  4)  (n 2  1  2n)
IT

a 3  a 2  6   1  6  1
= 4n  4  n 2  1  2n
=–5
= 6n  n 2  5
Here, a 3  a 2  a 2  a 1  the sequence form
nth term an  = Sn  Sn 1
P

an AP in which a =4, d = – 5 

We know that = (4n  n 2 )  (6n  n 2  5)

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n = 4n  n 2  6n  n 2  5
Sn   2a   n  1  d 
2 = 5 – 2n
15
 S15 = 2 [2a + 14d]  n = 25 Ans. : a1  3; a 2  4; a n  5  2n

15 Q12. Find the sum of first 40 positive integers

 S15 = 2 [8 + 14(–5)]  a = 4, & d = –5
divisible by 6.
15
 S1 0 = × (– 62) = – 465 Sol. The first 40 positive integers divisible by 6 are
2
Ans. S10   465 6, 12, 18, 24,......., which form an A.P.
a  6, d  12  18  6
Q11. If the sum of the first n terms of an AP is
We know that,
4n  n 2 , what is the first term (that is S )?
1

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 n n
Sn = [2a  (n  1)d] We know that, Sn = [a  a n ]
2 2
40 25
S40 
2
[2 × 6 + (40 – 1)6]  S25  1  49
2
= 20[12 + 39 × 6] 25
 S25 =  50 = 625
= 20 (12 + 234) 2
Ans. The sum of odd numbers between 0 and
= 20 × 246 = 4920
50 = 625.
S40  4920 Ans.

IX
Q15. A contract on construction job specifies a
penalty for delay of completion beyond a
Q13. Find the sum of the first 15 multiple of 8.
certain date as follows : Rs. 2000 for the
Sol. The first 15 multiple of 8 are 16, 24, 32, ... first day, Rs. 250 for the second day, Rs.

FL
which form an A.P. It is given that, a = 8, d = 300 for the third day, etc. the penalty for
each succeeding day being Rs. 50 more
16 – 8 = 8, n = 15.
than for the preceding day. How much
n
We know that, Sn = [2a  (n  1)d] money the contractor has to pay as
2
penalty, if he has delayed the work by 30
R
15
 S15 = [2  8  (15  1)  8] days ?
2
Sol. Required AP is Rs. 200, Rs. 250, Rs. 300, ...
E
15
 S15 = [16  14  8]
2 a = 200, d = 50, n = 30; Total penalty for the
15 delay of 30 days is given by
IT

 S15 = [16  112]

2
n
 Sn   2a   n  1  d 
 S15 =
15
 128 = 15 × 64 = 960 2
2
30
P

 S30   2a   30  1  d 
Ans. The sum of first 15 multiples of 8 = 960 2 
Q14. Find the sum of the odd numbers between 30
 S30 = 2 {2a  29d}
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0 and 50.
Sol. Odd numbers between 0 and 50 are 1, 3, 5,7,...  S30 = 15 × {2 × 200 + 29 × 50}

..... 49, which form an A.P. With a = 1,  S30 = 15 × {400 + 1450}

d = 3 – 1 = 2, a n = 49 = Rs. 27750

We know that, a n = a + (n – 1) d Ans. Total penalty = Rs.27750

 49 = 1 + (n – 1) × 2 Q16. A sum of Rs. 700 is to be used to award

 49 – 1 = 2 × (n – 1) seven prizes. If each prize the first is Rs.
20 less than the next most valuable one,
 48 = 2 × (n – 1)
find the value of each of the prizes.
 n – 1 = 24  n  25
Sol. Since each prize is Rs. 20 less than its

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 preceeding prize, therefore, the values of the Three sectons of class III will plant = 3 ×3=9
seven successive cash prize will form an A.P. Three sec.of class XII will plant = 12 × 3 = 36
Let the first prize be Rs. a. Then So, we get an AP., 3, 6, 9, ..., 36

Successive prize = Rs. (a – 20), Rs. (a – 40), Here a =3, d = (6 – 3) = 3, a n = 36

Rs. (a – 60),....... We know that , a n = a + (n – 1)d

 36 = 3 + (n – 1) × 3
Here first term = a, d = (a – 20) – a = – 20
 36 – 3 = 3 × (n – 1)
n = 7 and Sn = 700
 33 = 3 × (n – 1)
We know that,

IX
 n – 1 = 11  n = 11 + 1 = 12
n
Sn = [2a  (n  1)d] n
2 We know, Sn = (a  a n )
2
7 12

FL
 700 = [2a + (7 – 1)(–20)]  S12 = (3  36)
2 2
7  S12 = 6 × 39 = 234
 700 = [2a + (6)(–20)]
2
Ans. the number of trees planted by the
 1400 = 7[2a – 120]
students = 234.
R
 200 = 2a – 120 Q18. A spiral is made up of successive
 2a = 200 + 120 semicircles, with centre alternately at A
E
and B, starting with centre at A, of raddi
 2a = 320  a = 160
0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.5cm, 2.0cm, ... as shown
Hence value of first prize = Rs. 160 and in figure. What is the total length of such
IT

successive prizes are Rs. 140, Rs. 120, a spiral made up of thirteen consecutive
Rs. 100.... semicircles ? [Take  = 22/7]

Ans. 160, 140, 120, 100, 80, 60, 40

P

Q17. In a school, students thought of planting

trees in and around the school to reduce
JU

air pollution. It was decided that the

number of trees that section of each class
plant will plant will be the same as the
class in which are studying e.g., and Sol. From the above figure,
section of Class I will plant 1 trees, a 1 
l1  r     r  0.5 
section of class II will plant 2 trees and so 2 2
on till class XII. There are three sections l2  r    1     r  1
of each class. How many trees will be
l3  r   3 / 2   r  1.5 
planted by the students ?
 3
Sol. Three sections of class I will plant = 1 × 3 = 3 i.e.,  1 = ,  2 = ,  3 =  ,  4 = 2....
2 2
Three sections of class II will plant = 2 ×3=6 Thus, 1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,... forms an A.P.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

     400 = 41n – n2
 a , d 
2 2 2 n2 – 41n + 400 = 0

Length of the spiral is given by
=  1   2  ...  13  n2 – 25n – 16n + 400 = 0
 n(n – 25)–16(n –25) = 0
n
We know that ; Sn  2a   n  1  d 
2  (n – 25)(n – 16) = 0
13  Either, n – 25 = 0 or n – 16 = 0
 S13 = 2 {2a + 12d}
 Either, n = 25 or n = 16
13   
 S13 = 2 2  2  12  2  If n = 25, then a 25 = a1  (25  1)d

IX
13 = 20 + 24 × (–1)
 S13 =    6
2 = 20 – 24 = – 4
13 which is impossible. Because number of logs

FL
 S13 =  7.5
2
cannot be negative.
91 91 22
 S13 = 2 cm = 2  7 cm If n = 16, then a16 = a  (16  1)d
= 143 cm = 20 + 15 × (–1)
R
Q19. 200 logs are stacked in the following = 20 – 15 = 5
manner: 20 logs in the bottom row, 19 in Ans. The required number of rows are 16 and
the next row, 18 in the row next to it and
E
in the top row there 5 logs.
so on (see figure). In how may rows are
Q20. In a potato race, a bucket is placed at the
the 200 logs and how many logs at in the
starting point, which is 5m from the first
IT

top row ? potato, and the other potatoes are placed

3m apart in a straight line. There are ten
potatoes in the line (see figure). Each
P

competitor starts from the bucket, picks

up the nearest potato, runs back withit,
Sol. In the bottom row = 20 logs
drops it in the bucket, runs back to pick
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In the next row = 19 logs

up the next potato, runs to the bucket to
In the row nest to it = 18 logs drop it in, and she continues in the same
Thus, 20, 19, 18, ... form an A.P. with way until all the potatoes are in the bucket.
a1 =20, a 2 = 19, a 3 = 18, a 4  17,....... What is the total distance the competitor
Here d =19 – 20 = –1 and Sn = 200 has to run.

n
We know that, Sn = [2a1  (n  1)d]
2
n
 200 = [2  20  (n  1)(1)]
2 Sol. Distance run to pick up the Ist potato
 400 = n[40 – n + 1]
= 2 × 5 = 10 m
 400 = n[40 – n]

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Distance run to pick up the IInd potato
= 2 × 8 m = 16m
Distance run to pick up the IIIrd potato

= 2 × 11 m = 22m

Thus, the sequence becomes 10, 16, 22, ... to

10terms. It forms an A.P.

Here, a = 10, d = 16  10   6 and n = 10

IX
Total distance covered by competitor is
given by

FL
 Sn   2a   n  1  d 
2
10
 S10 = 2 {2a  9d} ,

10
 S10   2  10  10  1  6
R
2 

 S10 = 5 × {2 × 10 + 9 × 6}
E
 S10 = 5 × 74m = 370 m

Ans. The total distance run by a competitor =

IT

370m.
P
JU

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 SOLVED NCERT EXERCISE – (MISCELLANEOUS)
Q1. Which term of the AP : 121, 117, 113, ... is According second condition
its first negative term ? a3  a 7  8 ....(i)
Sol. The given A.P. is 121, 117, 113, ...
and (a + 2d)(a + 6d) = 8 ...(ii)
Here, a = 121, d = 117 – 121 = – 4
 (3 – 4d + 2d)(3 – 4d + 6d) = 8
Let the nth term of the given A.P be the first
[Using a = 3 – 4d]
negative term then,
 (3 – 2d)(3 + 2d) = 8  9 – 4d2 = 8

IX
We know that a n  a   n  1  d
1
 d 2  9  8  4d2 = 1  d = ± 2
 a n 121  n  1 4 

 a n 121  4n  4 1
Case I : When d = , then a = 1

FL
2
 a n 125  4n
n
a n is the first negative term of the given We know that, Sn   2a   n  1  d 
 2 
A.P.
16
 S16 = {(2a + (16 – 1)d}
 a n  0  125  4n  0 2
R
 4n   125  4n  125  1
 S16 = 8 2  1  15  
 2
125 1
E
n  n  31
4 4  15  19
 S16 = 8  2    8   76
 32nd term of the given AP is the first  2 2
IT

negative term. Ans.76

Ans. 32nd term of the given sequence is the 1
Case II : When d =  , then a = 5
first negative term. 2
P

We know that
Q2. The sum of the third and the seventh
terms of an AP is 6 and their product is 8. n
Sn   2a   n  1  d 
2
JU

Find the sum of first sixteen terms of the

AP. 16 {2a  (16  1)d}
 S16 =
2
Sol. Let a be the first term and d be the common
difference of the A.P. Then, according first  S16 = 8  2  5  15d 

condition  S16 = 8 1
10  15   2 
 
a3  a7 = 6 ....(i)
 15 
S16 = 8 10  
 (a + 2d) + (a + 6d) = 6  2

 28  8d  6  a  4d  3 5
 S16 = 8  = 20 Ans.
2
and a = 3 – 4d

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Q3. A ladder has rungs 25cm apart. (see Here, a = 1, d = 2 – 1 = 1
figure). The rungs decrease uniformly in
According to the question Sx 1 = S49  Sx
length from 45cm at the bottom to 25cm
at the top. If the top and the bottom rungs x 1
 [2a  (x  1  1)d]
2
are 2½m apart, what is the length of the
49 x
wood required for the rungs? [Hint : = [2a  (49  1)d]  [2a  (x  1)1]
2 2
250
Number ofrungs = +1. x 1
25 [2(1)  (x  2)(1)]

2

IX
49 x
= [2(1)  (48)(1)]  [2(1)  (x  1)d]
2 2
x 1 x(x  1)
 [x] = 1225 
2 2

FL
 x  1)(x) x(x  1)
  = 1225
2 2
x
 (x  1  x  1)  1225
250 2
R
Sol. Number of rungs (n) = 1
25  x2 =1225  x = 1225  x = 35
 1  Hence the required values of x is 35.
 2 2 m  250cm 
E
Q5. A small terrace at a football ground
Hence, there are 11 rungs.
comprises of 15 steps each of which is 50m
IT

The length of the wood required for the rungs long and built of solid concrete.
11 Each step has a rise of 1/4 m and a tread
(S11 ). S11 = (45  25) = 385 cm
2 of 1/2 m. Calculate the total volume of
P

Q4. The houses of row are numbered concrete required to build the terrace.
consecuti-vely from 1 to 49. Show that [Hint : Volume of concrete required to
there is a value of x such that the sum of
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1 1
the numbers of the houses preceding the build the first step =   50m 3 ]
4 2
house numbered x is equal to the sum of
the numbers of the houses following it.
Find this value of x.

Sol. The consecutive numbers on the houses of a

row are 1, 2, 3, ...., 49 Sol. Volume of concrete required to build the first
1 1 25
Clearly this list of number forming an A.P. step =   50m3  m3
4 2 4

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Volume of concerete required to build the
second step

1 1 1 3 25 3
=      50m  m
 4 4 2 2

Volume of concrete required to build the third

1 1 1 1 3 75 3
step =       50m  m and
 4 4 4 2 4
so on.

IX
Thus, the volumes (in m3 ) of concrete

required to build the various steps are

25 25 75
, , ,....

FL
4 2 4
Clearly this list of numbers form an A.P.

25 25 25 25
Here a =  d=  
4 2 4 4
R
And n = 15

 Total volume of concrete required to build

E
the terrace

15
IT

= Sn = S15  [2a  (15  1)d]

2

 n 
 Sn  2 [2a  (n  1)d]
P

 25 25 
= 15(a  7d) = 15   7  
 4 4 
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= (15)(50) = 750 m3

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 CHAPTER : 7 – SIMILAR TRIANGLES
NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q1. Fill in the blanks using the correct word
given in brackets :
(i) All circles are ___. (congruent, similar)
(ii) All squares are ___. (similar,congruent)
(iii) All ___________ triangles are similar.
(isosceles, equilateral)
(iv) Two polygons of the same number of

IX
sides are similar, if (a) their corres-
ponding angles are _________ and (b)
their corresponding sides are _____.

FL
(equal, proportional)
Sol. (i) Similar (ii) similar (iii) equilateral
(iv) (a) equal (b) proportional
R
Q2. Give two different examples of pair of
(i) similar figures
(ii) non-similar figures.
E
Sol. (i) (a) Two hundred rupee notes
(b) Two five-rupee coins
IT

(ii) (a) A triangle and a square.

(b) Rectangle and Triangle

P

Q3. State whether the following quadrilaterals

are similar or not :
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Sol. No, because corresponding angles are not

equal.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
Q1. In figure (i) and (ii), DE || BC. Find EC in Therefore, EF is not parallel to QR.
(i) and AD in (ii).
Solution :

(ii) We have

PE 4 40 8
=   ...(1)
QE 4.5 45 9

P
E F

IX
Sol. (i) In ABC, we have DE || BC
Q R
AD AE 1.5 1
 =  =
DB EC 3 EC PF 8
= ...(2)

FL
[By Basic Proportinal theorem] RF 9
 1.5 EC = 3  EC = 2 cm
From (1) and (2) we have
Sol. (ii) In ABC, we have DE || BC
PE PF
AD AE D 1.8 =
 =  = QE RF
DB EC 7.2 5.4
R
[By Basic Proportinality theorem] Therefore, EF || QR
 5.4 AD = 7.2 × 1.8  AD = 2.4 cm [Using converse of BPT]
E
Q2. E and F are points on the sides PQ and PR
Solution :
respectively of a PQR. For each of the
(iii) We have
IT

following cases, state whether EF || QR:

PE 0.18 18 9
(i) PE = 3.9cm, EQ = 3cm, PF = 3.6cm and =   ...(1)
PQ 1.28 128 64
FR = 2.4cm.
P

PF 0.36 36 9
(ii) PE = 4cm, QE = 4.5cm, PF = 8cm and =   ..(2)
PR 2.56 256 64
RF = 9cm.
JU

P
(iii) PQ = 1.28cm, PR = 2.56cm, PE D E
= 0.18cm and PF = 0.36cm.
Q R
Sol. (i) We have,
From (1) and (2), we have
PE 3.9 1.3
=  ...(1)
EQ 3 1 PE PF
=
PQ PR
PF 3.6 3 1.5
=   ...(2)
PR 2.4 2 1 Therefore, EF || QR

From (1) and (2), we have [Using converse of B.P.T]

PE PF
EQ 
FR

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Q3. In figure, if LM || CB and LN || CD, prove Solution :
AM AN Given: In the given fig. DE||AC and DC||AP.
that  .
AB AD
BE BC
B To Prove : 
EC CP
M Proof : In  BAC, DE ||AC (Given)
A C
L BD BE
  (i)
N DA EC
D (By Basic Proportional Theorem)
Solution: In  BAP, DC ||AP (Given)

IX
Given: In the given figure LM||BC and LN||CD.
BD BC
  (ii)
AM AN DA CP
To Prove : 
AB AD (By Basic Proportional Theorem)
Proof : In ABC, ML || BC From (i) and (ii), we get

FL
MB CL BE BC
 ...(i)  Hence Proved
AM AL EC CP
In  ADC, NL || CD
ND LC Q5. In figure, DE || OQ and DF || OR. Show that
R
  ...(ii)
AN AL
EF || QR.
From (i) and (ii)
E
MB ND
 
AM AN
Adding 1 on both the side, we get
IT

MB DN
 1  1
AM AN Solution :

MB  AM DN  AN Given : In the given figure DE || OQ and DF || OR

P

  To Proof : EF || QR
AM AN
Proof : In POQ, we have DE || OQ
AB AD
 
JU

AM AN PE PD
 = ...(i)
Taking reciprocal of above, we get EQ DO

AM AN [By Basic proportinality theorem]

  Hence Proved
AB AD In POR, we have DF || OR

Q4. In the given fig. if DE||AC and DC||AP. PD PF

 = ...(ii)
DO FR
BE BC
Prove that  [By Basic proportionality theorem]
EC CP

A Comparing (i) and (ii), we get

D
PE PF
=
EQ FR
B E C P

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  EF || QR Hence Proved third side. (Recall that you have proved it
[Using converse of Basic proportinality theo- in Class IX).
rem]
Solution :
(or if a line divide two sides of a triangle in the
same ratio then line is parallel to the third side) Given : In ABC , m is the mid point of AB
and MN || BC.

Q6. In figure, A, B and C are points on OP, OQ A

and OR respectively such that AB || PQ and

AC || PR. Show that BC || QR. m n

IX
B C

To Prove: N is the mid point of AC

Proof :  M is the mid point of AB

FL
Solution : AM = MB.

Given : In the given fig. A, B and C are points on In ABC , MN || BC (Given)
OP, OQ and OR respectively such that AB || AM AN
  (By basic proportional
PQ and AC || PR. MB NC
R
theorem)
To prove : BC || QR
1 AN
Proof : In OPQ, we have AB || PQ (Given)   ( m is the mid pont of
E
1 NC
OA OB AB  AB = MB)
 = (i)
AP BQ
IT

(By Basic Proportional Theorem)  AN = NC

Hence N is the mid point of AC
In OPR, we have AC || PR (Given)
Hence Proved
OC OA
P

 = (ii)
CR AP
Q8. Using Theorem 6.2, prove that the line
(By Basic Proportional Theorem)
joining the mid-points of any two sides of a
JU

Comparing (i) and (ii), we get

triangle is parallel to the third side. (Recall
OB OC that you have done it in class IX).
=
BQ CR
Solution :
 BC || QR
Given : In ABC , M and N are the mid points
Using converse of Basic Proportinality of sides AB and AC
theorem.
A
(if a line divide two sides of a triangle in the
same ratio then line is parallel to the third side) m n

Q7. Using theorem 6.1, prove that a line drawn B C

through the mid-point of one side of a
triangle parallel to another side bisects the

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

To Prove : MN || BC (By Basic Proportional Theorem)
Proof : We have M and N are the mid points From (i) and (ii)
of the sides AB and AC
AO BO AO OC
 AM = MB and AN = NC   
OC OD OB OD
AM 1 (By Alternate theorem)
 ( AM = MB) (i)
MB 1
AO OC
  Hence Proved
AN 1 BO OD
 ( AN = NC) (ii)
NC 1
From (i) and (ii) Q10. The diagonals of a quadrilateral ABCD
AM AN intersect each other at the point O such that


IX
MB NC AO CO
= . Show that ABCD is a
In ABC , points M and N dividing sides BO DO
AB and AC in the same Ratio trapezium.
 MN || BC (By converse of BPT)

FL
Solution :
Hence Proved
Given : a quadrilateral ABCD in which diagonals
Q9. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC
AC and BD intersect each other at O. Such
and its diagonals intersect each other at the
AO CO
that  .
AO CO BO OD
R
point O show that  .
BO DO
D C
E
O E

A B
IT

To prove : ABCD is a trapezium

Solution :
Given : A trapezium ABCD in which AB||CD Const. : Through O draw a line OM || AB.
and whose diagonals AC and BD intersect
Proof : In ABD, we have OM || AB (By Const.)
P

each other at point O.

AO OC AM OB
To prove :   = ...(i)
BO OD DM OD
JU

(By Basic Proportional Theorem)

Const. : Through O, draw a line OE parallel
to AB meeting BC in E. AO CO
 = (Given)
Proof : In ABC, OE||AB (By construction) BO DO

AO BE AO BO
   (By Alternendo) (ii)
 (i) OC DO
OC EC
(By Basic Proportional Theorem) Comparing (i) and (ii), we get
As ABCD is a trapeziun
AM OA
 AB || CD but AB || OE (By Const.) =
DM OC
( OE||CD (By Parallel Axiom)
 OM || DC (by converse of BPT)
In  BCD, OE||DC (By Parallel Axiom)
But OM || AB [By construction]
BO BE
  (ii)
OD EC  AB || DC Hence ABCD is a trapezium.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 3
Q1. State which pairs of triangles in figure, are Solution
similar. Write the similarity criterion used (ii) In ABC and QRP, we have
by you for answering the question and also
AB BC CA 1
write the pairs of similar triangles in the =  =
QR RP PQ 2
symbolic form :
 ABC ~ PQR (By ESS criteria)
P
Solution
A
600
(iii) No. triangle are not similar
(i) 600

Solution

IX
80
0 0
40 80 0 400
Q
B C R (iv) In MNL and QPR, we have
ML MN 1
= =
QR QP 2
(ii)

FL
and NML = PQR = 700 each
 MNL ~ QPR (By SAS criteria)
Solution
(iii)
(v) No. triangles are not similar
R
Solution
(vi) In DEF and PQR, we have
E
 D = P = 700 each
(iv)
 E = Q = 800 each
IT

 F = R = 300 each
 DEF ~ PQR (By AA criteria)
P

(v)
Q2. I n t he g iv e n f ig . ODC ~ OBA
JU

BOC  1250 a nd CDO  700 f i nd

DOC, DCO and  OAB .
D C
(vi) 70º

O 125º

Solution A B
(i) In ABC and PQR, we have Solution :
Given: In the given fig. ODC ~ OBA
 A = P = 600 each
BOC 1250 , CDO  700
 B = Q = 800 each
To find : DOC, DCO and OAD .
0
 C = R = 40 each To proof : In ODC , BOC is a exterior angle
 COB  D  C
 ABC ~ PQR (BY AA criteria)
(Ex. angles sum property of a triangle)

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 T
1250  700 C  C = 550 P

As DOB is a straight line

 DOC  BOC  1800 1 2
Q S R
(By Linear Pair Axion)
Solution :
DOC  1250 1800  DOC  550
QR QT
ODC ~ OBA (By AA criterion) Given : In the given fig.  and 1  2 .
 QS PR
 DOC  AOB  550 (By CPST) To prove : PQS ~ TQR
Proof : In PQR , 1  2 (given)
CDO  OBA  700 (By CPST)
 PQ  PR (i) (sides opp. to equal

IX
DCO  OAB  550 (By CPST) angles of a triangle are equal)
Ans. DOC  550 ,  QR QT
OAB  5500 ,, DOC  550
DCO Now  (given)
QS PR
Q3. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB||CD. QR QT
 (  PQ  PR )

FL
Its diagonal AC and BD meet at O.  QS PQ
Using a similarity criterion, prove that
In QPS and QTR
OA OB
 . QR QT
OC OC   (Proved above)
QS QP
A B
and Q  Q (common)
R
O  PQS  TQR (By SAS criterion)
Hence Proved
E
D C
Q5. S and T are points on sides PR and QR
Solution :
Given : ABCD is a trapezium in which AB||DC. of PQR such that P  RTS. Show
IT

Diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at O. that RPQ ~ RTS .

OA OB Solution :
To prove :  Given : A PQR, S and T are points on the
OC OD
Proof : As AB || CD sides PR and QR. Such that P  RTS
P

 OAB  OCD P
(Pair of alternate angles)
In OAB and OCD
JU

AOB  COD (verti. opp. angles)

OAB  OCD (Proved above) Q R
T
 OAB~ OCD (By CPST)
To prove : RPQ ~ RTS
OA AB OB
   (By CPST) Proof : In RTS and RPQ
OC DC OD
Consider first and last ratio R  R (common)
OA OB T  P (given)
  Hence Proved
OC OD  RTS ~ RPQ (By AA criterian)
Hence Proved
QR QT
Q4. In the given fig.  and 1   2
QS PR Q6. In figure, if ABE  ACD, show that
Show that PQS ~ TQR . ADE ~ ABC.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Proof : Second Part In ABD and CBE
ADB = CEB = 90° [Given]
and ABD  CBE [common]
 ABD ~ CBE (By AA criterion)
Solution. : Hence Proved
Given : In the given fig. ABE  ACD
Proof : Third Part In AEP and ADB
To prove : ADE ~ ABC
AEP = ADB = 90° [Given]
Proof : We have ABE ACD
and PAE = DAB [common]
 AB = AC [By CPCT] (i)
 AEP ~ ADB (By AA criterion)

IX
and AD = AE [By CPCT] (ii)
Hence Proved
Equation (ii) devide by (i), we get
Proof : Fourth Part In PDC and BEC
AD AE
  PDC = CEB = 90° [Given]

FL
AB AC
PCD = ECB [common]
Now,  ADE and  ABC
PDC ~ BEC (By AA criterion)
A  A [common]
Hence Proved
AD AE
and  (proved above)
AB AC
R
Q8. E is a point on the side AD produced
ADE ~ ABC . (By SAS criterrion)
a parallelogram ABCD and BE intersects
Hence Proved
CD at F. Show that ABE ~ CFB .
E
Q7. I n figure, altitude AD and CE of ABC in- Solution :
ter-sect each other at the point P. Show that Given : ABCD is a parallelogram E is a point
IT

(i) AEP ~ CDP (ii) ABD ~ CBE on side AD by producing and BE intersects CD
(iii) AEP ~ ADB (iv) PDC ~ BEC at F.
Solution : E

C
P

D F

B
JU

To prove : ABE ~ CFB

Proof : As ABCD is a parallelogram
Given : In the given fig. AD and CE are altitudes on AD || BC  AE || BC

the sides CB and AB respectively which intersect each (AD and AE are the same line)
other at P. As AE || BC and BE is transversal
To Prove : All above four parts  AEB  CBF (a pair of Alternate
Proof : First Part In  AEP and  CDP interior angles)
AEP = CDP = 90° [Given] In ABE and BFC
and APE = CPD ABE  CBF (proved)
A  C (opp. angles of a ||gm
[vertically opposite angles]
are equal)
 AEP ~ CDP (By AA criteria)  ABE ~ CFB (By AA criterian)
Hence Proved Hence Proved

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Q9. In the given fig. ABC and AMP are two To prove : All above three parts.
right triangles, right angles at B and M Proof :  ABC ~ FEG (given)
respectively, prove that
 A  F, B  E and C  G
CA BC
(i) ABC ~ AMP (ii)  (By CPST)
PA MP
As CD and GH are the bisector of C
C
and G  1  3 and 2  4
M Proof : First Part
As ACD ~ FGH (Proved)
A B P AC CD AD
   (By CPST)
Solution : FG GH FH

IX
Given : In the given fig. ABC and APM Proof : Second Part
are two right angled triangles right angle at B Now, As C  G (given)
and M respectively.
 1
2 C  1
2 G
To prove : (i) ABC ~ AMP
 1  2

FL
CA BC
 (ii)
PA MP Now, In CDB and GHE
Proof : (i) In ABC and APM
1  2 (Proved above)
A  A (common)
B  E (90º each) B  E (given)
DCB  HGE (By AA criterion rule)
R
 ABC ~ AMP (By AA criterian) 
Hence Proved
C  G (given)
(ii) Since ABC ~ AMP (proved above)
E
AB BC AC  1 C  1 G
   (By CPST) 2 2
AM MP AP
consider second and third ratio 3  4
IT

BC AC Now, In ACD and FGH

 Hence Proved.
MP AP 3  4 (Proved above)

Q10. CD and GH are respectively the Bisectors A  F (given)

P

of  ACB and  EGF such that D and  ACD ~ FGH Hence Proved
H lies on sides AB and FE of ABC and
Consider (i) and (iii), ratio we get
FEG respectively. If ABC~ FEG .
JU

Show that. AC CD
  Hence proved
CD AC FG GH
(i)  (ii) DCB ~ HGE
GH FG
(iii) DCA ~ HGE Q11. In the given fig. E is a point on side CB
A F
produced of an isosceles triangle ABC
with AB = AC. If AD  BC and EF  AC,
D H proved that ABD ~ ECF.
3 4 A
1 2
C B G E
F
Solution :
Given : In ABC and EGF , CD and GH are
the b is ect or of ACB a nd EGF and E B D C

ABC  FEG

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Solution : AB BC
Given : In the given fig AB = AC and AD  (given)
PQ QR
and EF perpendicular to BC and AC respectively
and E is a point on side BC (Produce) and B  Q (proved)
To prove : ABD ~ ECF.  ABC ~ PQR (By SAS criterian)
Hence Proved
Proof : In ABC, we have AB = AC
 B C (Opp.  's of equal Q13. D is a point on the BC of  ABC such
sides if a  are equal) t ha t ADC  BAC. P r o v e t ha t
Now in ABD and ECF, CA CB
B  C (Proved)
  CA 2  CB  CD
OR
CD CA
ADB  EFC (90º each)

IX
A

 ABD ~ ECF (By A.A. criteria)

Hence Proved

Q12. Sides AB and BC and median AD of a

FL
B D C
ABC are respectively proportional to
sides PQ and QR and median PM of Solution :
Given : In the given fig. D is a point on side
PQR . Show that ABC ~ PQR .
BC such that BAC ADC.
A P
CA CB
R
To prove : 
CD CA
Prove : In CDA and CAB .
ADC  BAC (Given)
E
B D C Q M R C  C (Common)
Solution :  CDA ~ CAB (By A.A. criterion)
Given : In ABC and PQR, AD and PM are
IT

CD DA CA
   (By CPST)
AB BC AD CA AB CB
medians and   .
PQ QR PM Taking (i) and (iii) ratio, we get
To prove : ABC ~ PQR CD CA

P

Proof : Since AD and PM are the medians CA CB

 BD = DC and QM = MR Taking recriprocal of the above
AB BC AD CA CB

JU

As   (given)  Hence Proved

PQ QR PM CD CA

AB 2BD AD Q14. Sides AB and AC and median AD of

  
PQ 2QM PM ABC are respectivily proportional to
AB BD AD sides PQ and PR and median PM of
   another triangle PQR show that
PQ QN PN
ABC ~ PQR .
BD  DCand QM  MR  A P
In ABD and  P Q M , we have proof
5 1 6 4
AB BD AD
 
PQ QM PM
 ABD ~ PQM (SSS cretrian) B D C Q M R

 B  Q (By CPST) 2 3

Now In ABC and PQR S T

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Solution : Q15. A vertical pole of length 6m casts a
Given : In ABC and PQR , AD and PM are shadow 4m long on the ground and at
AB AC AD the sum time a tower casts a shadow 28m
medians and   long. Find the height of the tower.
PQ PR PM
Sol. Let AB and CD be tower and pole.
To prove : ABC~ PQR
Let height of tower AB be xm.
Cons.: Produced AD and PM to S and T such
A
that AD = DS and PM = MT and join BS
and QT.
D
Proof : In ADC and BDS Tower
AD = DS (By construction) 6m

BD = DC ( AD is a mediam)

IX
E 4m C B
ADC  BDS (vert. opp. s ) 28m
 ADC  SDB (By SAS criterion)  In ECD and EBA
 1  2 (By CPCT) DEC  AEB (common)
and AC = BS (By CPCT) DCE  ABE (90º each)

FL
similarly PMR  TMQ ECD ~ EBA (AA criterian)

 3  4 (By CPCT)
EC CD ED
and PR = QT (By CPCT)    (By CPST)
EB BA EA
AB AC AD
Now   (given) 4 6
R
PQ PR PM  
28 x
AB BS 2AD
 
2PM 
 ( AC = BC D A
PQ QT
E
and PR=QT) (Proved)
AB BS AS

Tower
6m

  
PQ QT PT
IT

AD  DSand PM  MT  E C E B
4 cm 28m
Now ABS and PQT We have proof
 4 x  6  28
P

AB BS AS
  x  42 m.
PQ QT PT
Ans. : Height of Tower is 42m.
 ABS ~ PQT (By SSS criterian)
JU

 5  6 (i) Q16. If AD and PM are medians of triangles

and 2  3 (By CPST) ABC and PQR , respectively where
 1  4 (ii) ( 2  3 ) AB AD
ABC ~ PQR . Prove that  .
Adding (i) and (ii), we get PQ PM
1  5  6  4 A P

A  P
Now In ABC and PQR
AB AC
 (given) B D C Q M R
PQ PR
and A  P (proved above) Solution :
 ABC ~ PQR (SAS criterian Rule) Given : ABC ~ PQR , AD and PM are
Hence Proved medians.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 AB AD
To prove : 
PQ PM
Proof. ABC ~ PQR (given)
AB BC AC
   (by CPST)
PQ QR PR
and A P , B  Q & C  R
AB BC
As  (given)
BQ QR
AB 2BD

2QM 
 ( AD and PM are
PQ

IX
medians) ( BD=DC and QM=MR)
AB BD
 
PQ QM
Now, In ABD and PQM

FL
AB BD
 (Proved above)
PQ QM
and B  Q (given)
 ABD ~ PQM (SAS creterian rule)
R
AB BD AD
   (By CPST)
PQ QM PM
Consider I and IIIrd ratio, we get
E
AB AD
  Hence Proved
PQ PM
IT
P
JU

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 4
Q1. Let ABC ~ DEF and their areas be, 2
ar  AOB AB2  2CD 
respec-tively 64cm 2
and 121cm .2   
ar  COD  CD2 CD 2
If EF = 15.4cm, find BC.
( AB = 2CD)
Solution :
ar  AOB 4CD 2 4
 
It is given that:ABC ~ DEF. ar  COD  CD2 1

ar (ABC) BC 2 Ans : ar  AOB  : ar  COD  4 :1

 ar ( DEF) = (By area theorem)
EF 2 Q3. In figure, ABC and DBC are two triangles

IX
BC2 on the same base BC. If AD intersects BC
64
 =
121 (15.4) 2 ar ( ABC) AO
at O, show that ar ( DBC)  DO .
Taking square roots on both the sides, we get

FL
A
8 BC
 =
11 15.4
x y
B C
15.4  8 O
 BC = = 11.2cm
11
R
Ans : BC = 11.2 cm D
Solution :
Q2. Diagonals of a trapezium ABCD with AB || Given : ABC and DBC lise on same base
E
DC intersect each other at the point O. If BC diaonal AD intersect BC at O.

AB = 2CD, find the ratio of the areas of tri- ar ( ABC ) AO

To Prove : ar ( DBC )  DO
IT

angles AOB and COD.

Const. Draw AX and DY  's to BC.
Solution :
1
Proof : Area  ABC  BC  AX (i)
Given : ABCD is a trapezium such that AB||CD and 2
P

AB = 2CD 1
Area  DBC  BC  DY (ii)
2
To Find : Ratio of area of AOB and COD dividing (i) by (ii), we get
JU

D C 1
Area  ABC BC  AX
O  2
Area  DBC 1
BC  DY
2
A B

Solution : Area  ABC  AX

 (iii)
As AB || CD and AC is a transversal Area  DBC  DY
 ACD  CAB
Now in AOX and DOY .
(Pair of alternate inter a angles)
AXO DYO (90º each)
In ’s AOB and COD,
AOX  DOY (Vert. opp. s )
AOB  COD (Vertically opp  's )
 AOX ~ DOY (By AA critaria)
OAB  OCD (Alternate int.  's )
 AOB ~ COD (By A.A. similarity) AO OX AX
  (By CPST)
DO OY DY

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 A
Consider first and last ratio.
AX AO
  F E
DY DO

AX AO B C
D
 Put  in (iii), we get
DY DO Solution :

Area  ABC  AO Given: In ABC, D E and F are the mid point

 Hence Proved of sides BC, AC and AB respectively.
Area  DBC  DO
To Find: area of DEF : ar  ABC
Q4. If the areas of two similar triangles are equal,
Proof: In ABC, and F, D, E are the mid-point
prove that they are congruent.
of sides AB, BC and AC respectively.

IX
Solution :
AF AE 1
  
FB EC 1
( F and E are the mid point of sids AB

FL
and AC  AF = FB and AE = EC)
 FE ||BC (By converse of B.P.T.)
Given : ABC ~ DEF and ar(ABC) = ar(DEF)
 FE ||BD (BD is a part of BC) (i)
To prove : ABC DEF
Similar DE||AB (By converst of B.P.T.)
R
Proof :  ABC ~ DEF (Given)
 DE||FB (FB is a part of AB) (ii)
ar  ABC  AB2 AC2 BC 2
   =  From (i) and (ii) FEDB is a parallelogram
ar  DEF DE 2
E
DE 2 EF2
Similarly FEDB is a parallelogram
 ar(ABC) = ar(DEF)
 B  E and C  F (opp. angles of
IT

1 AB2 AC 2 BC 2 a parallelogram equal)

 =  
1 DE 2 DF2 EF2
Now, In DEF and ABC
2 2
 AB = DE  AB = DE B  E (proved above)
P

 AC2 = DF2  AC = DF F  C (proved above)

and BC2 = EF2  BC = EF  DEF  ABC (By AA criterion rule)

JU

Now, in ABC and DEF ar  DEF DE 2 1/ 2AB 1

2

  
AB = DE [Proved Above] ar  ABC  AB 2
AB 2
4

AC = DF [Proved Above] Hence, ar  DEF : ar  ABC 1:4.

and BC = EF [Proved Above] Q6. Prove that the ratio of the areas of two simi-
 ABC DEF [By SSS Cong.Rule] lar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio
Hence Proved of their corresponding medians.

Q5. D, E and F are respectively the mid-points

of sides of BC, AC and AB of ABC. Find
the ratio of the areas DEF and ABC.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Solution : D a C
60º
Given : ABC ~ DEF. AP and DQ are medians a a 2
a a 2

drawn on sides BC and EF respectively. a B

A
60º
2 60º
ar(ABC) AP a 2 F
To prove : ar( DEF)  a
DQ 2
60º a
Proof :  ABC ~ DEF (Given)
E
A  D; B  E and C  F
(By CPST) ar  ABE  1
To Prove : 
AB BC AC ar  ACF 2
and   (By CPST)
DE EQ DF

IX
Proof : Let side of square ABCD be a unit. We
ar(ABC) B 2 know diagonals of a square = side 2
 ar( DEF) = DE 2 ...(i)
AC  2a

(By area theorem)
Since AEB and AFC are equilateral

FL
AB BC ABE ~ ACF (By A.A. similarity)
We have, = [ ABC ~ DEF] 
DE EF
AB 2BP ar  ABE  AB2 a2
 
 = ( AP and DE are ar  ACF AC2 2
DE 2EQ  a 2  
R
medians  BP = PC and EQ = QF)
AB BP ar  ABE  a2 1
 =  
DE EQ ar  ACF 2a 2
2
E
Now, in ABP and DEQ ar  ABE  1
  Hence Proved
AB BP ar  ACF  2
= (Proved above)
IT

DE EQ
B = E (Given)
 ABP ~ DEQ (By AA rules)
P

AB AP
 = (By CPST) (ii)
DE DQ
JU

AB AP
Put  in (i), we get
DE DQ

ar(ABC) AP 2
ar( DEF) = DQ 2

Q7. Prove that the area of an equilateral triangle

described on one side of a square is equal to
half the area of the equilateral triangle de-
scribed on one of its diagonals.
Solution :
Given : ABCD is a square an equilateral ABE is
described on the side AB of the square and equi-
lateral ACF is described on the diagonal AC.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 5
Q1. Sides some triangles are given below. Q2. PQR is a triangle right angled at P and
Determine which of them are right triangle. M is a point on QR such that PM  QR .
In case of a right triangle, write the length Show that PM 2  QM.MR .
of its hypotenuse.
Solution :
(i) 7cm, 24cm, 25cm Given : PQR is a right angled triangle Right
(ii) 3cm, 8cm, 6cm Angle at P.
(iii) 50cm, 80cm, 100cm P

(iv) 13cm, 12cm, 5cm 1 2

Solution:

IX
(i) Let AB = 7cm, BC = 24cm and 3
AC = 25cm. A Q M R
2 2
AB = (7) = 49 To Prove : PM  QM. MR2
25
7cm

cm

FL
2 2
BC = (24) = 576
Proof : As QPR  900 (given)
2 2
AC = (25) = 625
B 24cm C  1  2  900 (i)
Here clear AC2 = AB2 + BC2
Given triangle is right triangle and length of In PQM , P  Q  M  1800
hypotenuse is 25cm. (By angle sum property of a  )
R
Solution:
 1  3  900 1800
(ii) Let AB = 3cm, BC = 8cm and AC = 6cm
AB2 = (3)2 = 9
A  1  3  900 (ii)
E
From (i) and (ii), we get
BC2 = (8)2 = 64
6c
3cm

 1   2   2  3
AC2 = (6)2 = 36
IT

 2  3
Here AB2 + AC2  BC2 B 8cm C
The given triangle is not right angled. Now In PQM and PMR
Solution: 2  3 (proved above)
P

(iii) Let AB = 50cm, BC = 80cm and AC =100cm. PMQ  PMR (90º each)
A
AB2 = (80)2 = 2500  PMR ~ QMP (AA critaria)
JU
10
m

BC2 = (80)2 = 6400 PM MR PR

50 c

0c

   (By CPST)
m

QM MP QM
AC2 = (100)2 = 10000
Consider I and II ratio
Here AC2 = AB2 + BC2 B 80cm C
PM MR
the given triangle is right angled  
QM PM

Solution:  PM 2  QM  MR Hence proved

(iv) Let AB = 13 cm, BC = 12 cm and AC=

A Q3. In the given fig. ABD is a triangle right
5 cm
angled at A and AC  BD . Show that
AB2 = (13)2 = 169
56
m

AB2 = BC ×BD
13 c

(i)
cm

BC2 = (12)2 = 144

AC2 = (5)2 = 25 (ii) AC2  BD. DC
Here AB2 = AC2 + BC2 B 126cm C (iii) AD2  BD. CD
the given triangle is right angled triangle

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Solution :
Proof : Third part ADC and ADB
Given : ABC is a right angled  right angle
D  D (common)
at A. Such that AC BD
To prove : Given part in above question C  A  900 (each)
Proof : First Part In ABC and ABD  DCA ~ DAB

D DC CA DA
   (By CPST)
DA AB DB
C
Consider (i) and (iii) ratio

1
DC DA

2 DA DB
B A

IX
AD2  DC.DB Hence Proved
B  B (common)
C  A (90º each)
Q4. ABC is an isoceles triangle right angled
 BCA ~ BAD (By AA criterion)
at C . Prove that AB2  2AC2 .

FL
BC CA BA Solution :
   (By CPST)
BA AD BD Given : ABC is a right angle  right at C such
Consider (i) and (ii) ratio that AC = BC
BC BA A
 
BA BD
R
 AB2  BC.BD Hence Proved
E
Proof : Second part In and ABC
0 C B
BAD  90 (Given)
To prove : AB2  2AC2
 2  1  900 ..(i)
IT

In ACD , Proof : In right ACB ; By Pathagorous theorem

1  3  C 1800 AB2  AC2  CB2

(angle sum property of a triangle) AB2  AC2  AC2 ( (AC = BC)
P

0
1  3  90 180 0
 C  90 
0
AB2  2AC2 (using given)
0
 1  3  90 ..(ii) Hence Proved
JU

From (i) and (ii)

2  1  1  3 Q5. ABC is an Isoceles Triangle with

 2 3 AB = AC if AB 2  2AC2 , Prove that

Now In ABC and ADC ABC is a right Triangle.
2  3 (Proved above) Solution :
Given : ABC is a triangle such that AB = AC
ACD  ACB = 900 (each)
and AB2  2AC2
 DCA ~ ACB (By AA critarion rule)
B
DC CA DA
   (By CPST)
AC CB AB
Consider (i) and (ii) ratio
DC CA
   AC2  CB.DC
AC CB
C A
Hence Proved

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

To prove : ABC is a right angled triangle. To Prove : AB2  BC2  CD2  AD2  AC2  BD2
Proof : AB2  2AC2 (given) Proof : We know diagonals of a rhombus bisects
each other at right angles i.e. AO = OC
 AB2  AC2  AC2
and BO = OD or AO  1 and
2 AC
 AB2  AC2  BC2 ( AC = BC)
Hence ABC is a right angled  BO  1
2 BD and AOB  90o
(By converse of Pythagoras theorem) In right AOB ’ By Pythagoras Th.)
Hence Proved
AB2  AO2  BO2
Q6. ABC is an equilateral triangle of side 2a. 2
AB 2   1 2 AC    1 2 BD 
2

Find each of its altitudes.

AB2  1 AC 2  1 BD2

IX
Solution : 4 4
Given : ABC is an equilateral triangle such that AC2  BD2
AB = BC = AC = 2a  AB2 
4
A

FL
4AB2  AC2  BD2
2a 2a
AB 2  AB 2  AB 2  AB 2  AC 2  BD 2
AB2  BC2  CD2  AD2  AC2  BD2
B M 2a C
(  AB  BC  CD  AD )
R
To find : Length of AM. Hence Proved
Sol.  ABC is an equilateral    drawn
from any vertex to opp side, Bisect the Q8. In the given fig. O is a point in the
E
opposite side i nt e r i o r of t r i a ng l e ABC,
 BM  MC  a OD  BC, OE  AC and OF  AB so
that
IT

In Right ABM ; By Pythagoras Th.)

(i) OA 2  OB2  OC2  OD 2  OE 2  OF2
AB2  AM 2  BM 2
 AF2  BD 2  CE 2
2
 2a 2  AM 2 a 
(ii) AF2  BD2  CE 2  AE 2  CD2  BF2
P

 4a 2  AM 2 a 2  4a2 a2 AML Solution :

Given : O is a point inside of  ABC such that
 AM 2  3a 2  AM  3a = 3a
JU

OE, OF and OD  's to the sides AC, AB

and BC respectively.
Q7. Prove that the sum of the squares on the
sides of a rhombus is equal to the sum A

of the squares on the diagonals.

OR
AB 2  BC2  CD2  AD2  AC2  BD2 E
F
D
B
D
A C C
O
To prove : Above two parts.
B Const. : Joing OA, OB and OC
Solution : Proof : 1st Part In Right OAF ;
Given : A rhombus ABCD diagonals AC and OA2  OF2  AF2 (By Pythagoras Theorem)
BD intersect each other at O.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  AF2  OA2  OF2 (i) AC2 = AB2 + BC2
In Right OBD ; By Pythagoras Theorem [Using pythagoras theorem]
OB2  OD2  BD2 BC2 = AC2 – AB2

 BD2  OB2  OD2 (ii) = (10)2 – (8)2

In Right OCE ; By Pythagoras Theorem = 100 – 64 = 36

BC = 6m
OC2  OE 2  EC2
Ans. Hence, the distance of the foot of the ladder
 CE 2  OC2  OE 2 (iii)
from base of the wall = 6m.
Add. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get

IX
AF2  BD 2  CE 2
Q10. A guy wire attached to a vertical pole of
 OA2  OF2  OB2  OD2  OC2  OE2
height 18m is 24m long and has a stake
AF2  BD 2  CE 2
attached to the other end. How far from the

FL
 OA 2  OB2  OC2  OF2  OD 2  OE 2
base of the pole should the stake be driven
Proved
Proof : 2nd Part so that the wire will be taut ?

We have proof AF2  BD 2  CE 2 Sol. In right triangle ABC, we have

R
 OA 2  OB2  OC2  OF2  OD2  OE 2
 AF2  BD 2  CE 2

OA2 OE3 OC 2 OD2 OB2 OE2 

E
=

 AF2  BD2  CE 2
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
IT

 AE 2  CD 2  BE 2 [By Pythagraos theorem]

(using Right  is OAE, ODC and OBE)
 (24)2 = (18)2 + BC2
Hence Proved
 576 = 324 + BC2
P

Q9. A ladder 10m long reaches a window 8m  BC2 = 576 – 324  BC2 = 252

above the ground. Find the distance of the  BC = 252

JU

foot of the ladder from base of the wall.  BC = 6 7m

Hence, the stake should be driven 6 7m for
from the base of the pole so that the wire will
be taut.

Q11. An aeroplane leaves an airport and flies

ground
due north of a speed of 100km/hr at the
Solution : Let AC is the ladder C is the foot of the same time, another aeroplane leaves the
ladder such that AC = 10m, A is the position same airport and flies due west at a
speed of 1200 km/hr. How far apart will
of the window and AB is the wall.
1
Now, in right triangle ABC, be the two plans after 1 hours ?
2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Sol. Distance travelled by an aeroplan which  AB  ED  6m
1 and BD  AE  12m
is flying due west in 1 hour is given
2
 CE  CD  ED
3
by OB = 1200  km  1800km. CE  11  6  5m.
2
( Distance = speed × time) In Right AEC , By Pythagoras theorem
A
1500km North
AC2  AE 2  EC2
2 2
AC2  12    5
1800km East

IX
B O AC2  144  25

AC2  169  AC 13cm

Distance travelled by an aeroplane which Ans. 13cm.

FL
1
is flying due North in 1 hours is given Q13. P and Q are points on the sides CA and
2
CB respectively of a ABC right angled
3 at C. Prove that AQ 2  BP 2  AB 2  PQ 2 .
by OA  1000  km  1500km.
2 Solution :
R
( Distance = speed × time) Given : A right triangle ABC, right angled
In Right OAB , By pythagoras theorem at C.P and Q are the points on side AC
and BC.
AB2  AO2  OB2
E
A
2 2
AB2  1500   1800 
P
AB2  2250000  3240000
IT

AB2  5490000 B Q C

AB  5490000
To prove : AQ2  BP2  AB2  PQ2
P

= 300 61 km. Proof : In right ABC

AB2  AC2  BC2 (By Pythagoras) (i)

JU

Q12. Two poles of height 6m and 11m stand

on a plane ground, if the distance between In right PCQ
the feet of the poles is 12m, find the
distance between their tops. PQ2  PC2  CQ 2 (By Pythagoras) (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
C

5m AB2  PQ2  AC2  BC2  PC2  CQ2

A E
12m 11m
  
AB2  PQ 2  AC2  CQ2  PC2  BC2 
6m

B
6m
D
AB2  PQ2  AQ2  BP2 .
12m
(using right  AQC and PBC )
Sol. Let AB and CD two poles. Draw AE  CD
AQ2  BP2  AB2  PQ2 . Hence Proved
As ABDE is a rectangle

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Q14. The perpendicular AD on the base BC A
of a  ABC intersects BC at D so that
DB = 3CD. Prove t ha t
2AB 2  2AC2  BC2 .

A
B D M C

Solurion :
Given : ABC is an equilateral triangle the
s ide BC is t r is ect ed at D . i. e. ,
C 1 2
B D BD= BC  CD = BC

IX
3 3
Solution :
To Prove : 9AD2  7AB2
Given : The perpendicular AD on the base BC
of a  ABC intersects BC at D so that Const. : Draw AM  BC

FL
DB = 3 CD. Proof : Since ABC is an equilateral triangles
To prove : 2AB2 = 2AC2 + BC2 and AM  BC . Therefore BM = MC.

Proof :  DB = 3 CD, therefore BD : CD = 3 : 1 In right  ABM ; (By pathagoras Theorem)

 CD = 1/4 BC and BD = 3/4 BC AB2  AM 2  BM 2 (i)

R
In right triangle ABD In right ADM ; (By pythagoras Theorem)
2 2 2
AB = AD + BD ....(i)
AD 2  AM 2  DM 2
E
In right ADB, (By Pythagoras theorem)
AC2 = AD2 + DC2 AM 2  AD 2  DM 2
IT

 AD2  AC2  DC2 Put AM 2  AD 2  DM 2 in (i), we get

Put AD 2  AC 2  DC 2 in (i), we get AB2  AD 2  DM 2  BM 2

AB2 = AC2 – CD2 + BD2
P

AB2 = AC2 – CD2 + (3CD)2

2
AB2  AD2  BM 2  DM2 A  B 
2

[Given BD = 3CD] AB2  AD2   BM  DM BM  DM
JU

AB2 = AC2 – CD2 + 9D2

AB2  AD2   CM  DM BM  DM
2 2 2
AB = AC + 8CD
AB2 = AC2 + 8 × (1/4 BC)2 BM  MC 
AB2 = AC2 + 8 × 1/16 BC2 AB2  AD2  CD  BD
AB2 = AC2 + 1/2 BC2
2 1
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 / 2 AB2  AD2  BC  BC (from given)
3 3
2AB2 = 2AC2 + BC2 Hence proved
2
AB2  AD 2  BC2
Q15. In an equilateral triangle ABC, the side 9
BC is trisected at D. Prove that: 9AD 2  2BC 2
AB2 
9AD2 =7AB2 . 9

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 9AB2  9AD2  2BC2
9AB2  9AD 2  2AB2 (  AB  BC  AC )
7AB 2  9AD2 Hence Proved

Q16. In an equilateral triangle, prove that

three times the square of one side is
equal to four times the square of one of
its altitudes.
Sol : Given : ABC is an equilaterd and AM  BC .
To prove : 3AB2  4AM 2

IX
Proof :  ABC is an equilaterd   Perpendicular
AM Bisect BC i.e. BM  MC or

1
BM  BC
2

FL
A

R
B M C

In Right ABM ; By Pythagoras Theorem

E
AB2  AM 2  BM 2
2
1 
AB2  AM 2   BC 
IT

2 
1
AB2  AM 2  BC2
4
P

1
AB2  AM 2  AB2  AB  BC 
4
4AM 2  AB 2
JU

AB2 
4
4AB2  4AM 2  AB2
4AB2  AB2  4AM 2
3AB2  4AM 2 Hence proved

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 SOLVED NCERT EXERCISE – (MISCELLANEOUS)
Q1. In the given fig. PS is the bisector of DN are perpendiculars on the sides AC,
QS PQ AB and BC respectively.
QPR of PQR. Prove that  .
SR PR To prove : Note from question (i) and (ii)
Solution :
Given : In the given fig. PS is the Bisector of Proof : In DMBN ; M  B N  900
QPS i.e. 1  2 (given)
T

3  By angle some property of a D  900

P E

1 2 (i) In BMDN, M  B  N  D  900

IX
Hence quadrilateral DMBN is a rectangle
4

 MB = DN and DM = BN
Q S R

QS PQ  BD Perpendicular to AC
To prove : 
SR PR BDC  900  1  2  900 (i)

FL

Const. Through R draw a line TR || PS interseting
PQ at T by producing. In DCM , By angle sum property of a
Proof : As PS||RT, QT and PR are transversals
1  3  M  1800
 2  4 (i) (a pair of Alternate
interior angles)  a 3  900  1800
R
and 1  3 (ii) (a pair of
1  3  900 (ii)
corresponding angles)
From (i) and (ii) From (i) and (ii), we get
E
4 3 ( 1 2 ) 1  2  1  3  2  3
In  PRT, where proof 3  4 Now In CMD and BMD
IT

 PR  PT (sides opposite to 2  3 (proved above)

equal  ' s of a  are equal) DMB  DMC (90º each)
In QRT, PS||RT (By construction)
 CMD ~ DMB (By AA criterian)
QS QP
P

  (By basic P.Th.) CM MD CD

SR PT    (By CPST)
QS QP DM MB DB
  ( PT  PR proved) Consider (i) and (ii) ratio
JU

SR PR
Hence Proved CM MD
 
Q2. In the given fig. D is a point on Hypotenuse DM MB
AC of ABC, DM  BC, BD  AC  DM 2  CM  MB
and DN  AB. Prove that
 DM 2  CM  DN ( MB  DN )
(i) DM 2  DN  MC (ii) DN2  DM. AN
A Hence proved
6 (ii) Do yourself as first.
D 4
N
1 2
5 Q3. ABC, ACB  900 and side AC is
3 produced to D such that segment BD is
C M B
perpendicular to segment AD. Prove
Solution :
that :
Given : in the fig. ABC is a right angled 
AB 2  BC2  AC2  2CA  CD.
right angle at B such that BD, DM and

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 B AC2  AD2  BC2  BD2  2BC.BD

 
AC2  AD 2  BD 2  BC2  2BC.BD

AC2  AB2  BC2  2BC.BD

A C D A right  ABD; AB 2  AD 2 BD
Solution :
AC 2  AB2  BC2  2BC.BD
Given : A ABC in which ACB  900 and
Hence Proved
BD  AC
To prove : AB2  BC2  AC2  2CA  CD Q5. In Figure, AD is a median of a triangle ABC

IX
Proof : In right  BDA , (By Pythagoras and AM BC. Prove that
Theorem)
AB2  BD2  AD2
2

FL
AB2  BD 2   AC  CD 

 AD  AC CD

AB2  BD2  AC2  CD2  2AC.CD

2
2 2  BC 
2
 2 2
AB  BD  CD  AC  2AC.CD 2
(i) AC = AD  BC  DM   
R
 2 
AB2  BC2  AC2  2AC.CD 2
2 2  BC 
(In right BCD, BC 2  BD2  CD 2 ) (ii) AB = AD  BC  DM   
E
 2 
AB2  BC 2  AC2  2CA  CD
2 1 2
Hence Proved (iii) AC2  AB 2 = 2AD  BC
2
IT

Solution :
Q4. In ABC, B  900 and AD is drawn
perpendicular to BC. Prove that : Given : In ABC , AD is a median and AM  BC

AC2  AB2  BC2  2BC.BD. To prove : Note all above three parts
P

A Proof : As AD is median  BD = DC
(i) In right triangle ACM, we have
JU

AC2 = AM2 + MC2 [Using Pythagoras]

2 2
AC 2 = AM + (MD + DC)
B D C ( MC = MD  DC )
Solution:
Given : A ABC in which B  900 and AD 2 2 2
AC 2 = AM + MD + DC + 2MD.DC
is perpendicular to BC.
In right AMD
To Prove : AC2  AB2  BC2  2BC.BD
Proof : In right ADC ; (By Pythagoras Th.) AD2  AM 2  MD2

AC2  AD2  DC2 2

2 1  1
2 AC = AD   2 BC   2DM. 2 BC
2

AC2  AD 2   BC  BD   
(  DC = BC  BD) 2 1 2
= AD  BC  BC.DM Proved (i)
4

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 (ii) In right triangle ABM, we have BM  CN (proved)
AB2 = AM2 + BM2 M  N (90º each)
[using pythagoras]  AMB  CND (RHS cons. rule)

AB2 = AM2 + (BD – MD)2  AM = DN (By CPCT)

In obtuse ADC ; By acute angle theorem
 BM  BD  MD 
AC2  AD2  DC2  2AD  DN (i)
2 2 2
AB = AM + BD + MD – 2BD.MD
2
In acute ABD ; By acute angle theorem
2 2 2
AB2 = (AM + MD ) + BD – 2BD.MD BD2  AB2  AD2  2AM  AD (ii)

(In right  AMD; AD 2  AM 2 MD 2 ) Adding (i) and (ii)

IX
AC2  BD2  AD2  DC2  AB2  AD2
2
2 1  1
(  AM  DN 2AD.DN  2AM.AD )
AB2 = AD   2 BC   2  2 BC.DM
 
AC2  BD2  AB2  BC2  CD2  AD2
 1 

FL
 BD  BC  ( AD  BC )
 2  Hence Proved
1
AB2 = AD2  BC2  BC.DM ...(ii) Q7. In the given fig. two chords AB and CD
4
intersect each other at the point P. Prove
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
R
that
1 (i) APC ~ DPB (ii)
AC2  AB2  2AD 2  BC2 AP.PB  CP.PD
2 Solution :
E
Q6. Prove that the sum of the squares of the Given : In the given fig. chord AB and CD
diagonals of a parallelogram is equal to intersect each other at P.
the sum of the squares of its sides. To prove : Above both parts
IT

Solution :
Given : ABCD is a parallelogram Proof : (i) 
Consider arc CB

B C  1  2 (  's in the same segment)

P

O
JU

A M D N

In APC and DPC

To Prove : AB2  BC2  CD2  AD2
1  2 (proved above)
 AC2  BD2
and 3  4 (vertically opp. angles)
Cons. : Draw BM and CN  's to the side AD
Proof : As ABCD is a parallelogram  PAC ~ PDB (AA criterian)

 AB  CD and AD  BC (ii) As we have proved PAC ~ PDB

As AD || BC (opp. sides of || gm) PA AC PC
   (By CPST)
 BM = CN (Distance between PD DB PB
parallel lines always equal)
PA PC
In AMB and CDN  
PD PB
AB  CD (given)

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  PA  PB  PC  PD E

Hence Proved 4

A
Q8. In the given fig. two chords AB and CD 1 2
of a circle insect each other at the point
P (when produced) out side the circle.
3
Prove that
B D C
(i) PAC ~ PDB (ii) PA. PB  PC.PD
To prove : AD is the Bisector of A i.e.
Sol. :
Given : Two Chords AB and CD of a circle 1  2
intersect externally at Point P
Cons.Through C Draw a line CE || AD, intersecting

IX
AB at a point E by producing.
B
Proof : In BCE , AD || CE

BD BA
2   (i) (By BPT)

FL
A D
DC AE
1
P C BD AB
But  (ii) (given)
DC AC
To prove : (i) PAC ~ PDB
From (i) and (ii), we get
R
(ii) PA.PB = PC.PD
Proof : (i) As ABDC is a cyclic quadrilateral AB AB
 
1  2 (Ex. angle is equal to the AE AC

E
sum of opp interior angle)  AE  AC (  Numerater are equal)
In PAC and PBD
In AEC, we have proof AE = AC
IT

P  P (common)
 3  4 (angles opp to equal
1  2 (proved)
side of a  are equal)
 PAC ~ PDB (AA criterian)
As AD || EC, BE and AC are Transversal
P

(ii) As we have proved PAC ~ PDB

 1  4 (Pair of corr angles) (iii)
PA AC PC
   (By CPST)
JU

PD DB PB and  2  3 (Pair of alternate

PA PC interior) (iv)
 
PD PB  we have proof 3  4
 PA  PB  PC  PD  1  2 ( 3  4 )
Hence proved From (iii) and (iv)
Hence AD is the Bisecter of A
Q9. In the given fig. D is a point on side BC Hence Proved
BD AB
of ABC such that  . Prove
CD AC Q10. Nazima is fly fishing in a stream. The tip
that AD is the Bisecter of  BAC . of her fishing rod is 1.8m above the
Solution : Given : In the given fig. surface of the water and the fly at the
BD AB end of the string resets on the water 3.6

CD AC m away and 2.4m from a point directly

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 under the tip of the rod. Assuming that
her string (from the tip of her rod to the
fly) is taut, how much string does she
have out (see fig.) ? If she pulls in the
string at the rate of 5cm per second,
what will be the horizontal distance of
the fly from her after 12 seconds ?

IX
FL
Sol. (i) In right angled ABC, AB = 1.8cm,
BC = 2.4cm.  By pythagoras theorem

 AC2  AB2  BC2

R
2 2
AC2  1.8    2.4   3.24  5.76  9

 AC  9 3 m
E
Hence the original length of the string AC
(when taut) is 3m.
IT

(ii) When Nazima pulls in the string at the

rate of 5cm/sec, then the length of the
string decreases = 5 x 12cm = 60cm
P

= 0.60 m in 12 seconds.
 Remaining length of the string (AD)
JU

after 12 seconds pull =  3  0.60   2.40m

Now in right angled ABD,

AD2  DB2  AB2

 DB2  AD2  AD2

2 2
 BD2   2.4   1.80   2.52m

 DB  2.52 m 1.587m
 Horizontal distance (DE) of the
fly from Nazima
= 1.587  1.2  m  2.787m  2.79m

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 — Notes —
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IX
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SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 CHAPTER : 8 – TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q1. In ABC, right angled at B, AB = 24cm, 3
Q3. If sinA = , calculate cosA and tanA.
4
BC = 7cm. Determine
Sol. Let us draw a right angle triangle, right angled
(i) sinA, cosA
25cm
(ii) sinC, cosC. 24cm
P
at B. We know that; sin  
H
Sol. Let AB = 24cm
P 3 BC
BC = 7cm sin A = = 
H 4 AC
Using Pythagoras Theorem, we get Let BC = 3K, AC = 4K

IX
AC = 25cm
Now where K is a positive number.
7K
P BC 7 In right triangle  ABC;
(i) sinA = = 
H AC 25
AC2 = AB2 + BC2

FL
B AB 24
cosA = = 
H AC 25 (By Pythagoras theorem)
P AB 24
(ii) sin C = =  (4K)2 = (3K)2 + (BC)2
H AC 25
B BC 7 16K2 = 9K2 + BC2
cos C = = 
R
H AC 25 CB2 = 16K2 – 9K2

Q2. In figure, find tan P – cot R. CB2 = 7K2  CB = 7K

E
B AB 7K 7
Now, cosA = =  
H AC 4K 4
IT

P BC 3K 3
and tanA = =  
B AB 7K 7
5K

Sol. Let PQ = 12K and PR = 13K Q4. Given 15 cotA = 8, find sinA and secA.
P

In right triangle PQR Sol. Let us draw a right triangle ABC, right angled
PR2 = PQ2 + QR2 at B. It is given that : 15cot A = 8  cot A  815
JU

 (13K)2 = (12K)2 + QR2 8 B B

 cot A = = =
(By Pythagorous theorem) 15 P BC

 169K2 = 144K2 + QR2

 QR2 = 169K2 – 144K2
 QR2 = 25K2  QR = 5K

P QR 5K 5
Now tan P = =  
B PQ 12K 12 Let AB = 8K, BC = 15K
P QR 5K 5 In right triangle ABC
cot R = =  
B PQ 12K 12
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
 5
 tanP – cotR =  0 Ans. (By Pathagorous theorem)
12 12

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 = (8K)2 + (15K)2 H AC 13K 13
cosec= =  
P BC 5K 5
= 64K2 + 225K2
Q6. If A and B are acute angles such that
AC2 = 289K2  AC = 17K
cosA = cosB, then show that A = B. B
P BC 15K 15
Now, sin A = =   Sol. Consider a right  ABC right angled at C
H AC 17K 17
H AC 17K 17 B AC
secA = =  = cos A  
B AB 8K 8 H AB C

13 B BC
Q5. Given sec = , calculate all other cos B  
12 H AB

IX
trigono-metric ratios. Now according question condition
Cos A = cos B
Sol. Let us draw a right angle triangle ABC right
AC BC
H  = AC = BC
angled at B. We know that : sec   AB AB
B

FL
In ABC, we have proof AC = BC
13 H AC  A   C
sec =  
12 P AB
[angle to equal sides of a triangle are equal]
Let AB = 12K and AC = 13K
Hence Proved
where k is a positive number,
R
7
Q7. If cot = , evaluate :
8
(1  sin )(1  sin )
BK (i) (1  cos )(1  cos )
E
5K
(ii) cot 2 
Sol. (i) Consider a right angle triangle ABC, right
IT

12K

angled at B. Let BAC 

In right triangle ABC :
7 B BC
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 Here, cot =  
8 P AB
P

(By Pathagorous theorem) Let AB = 7K, BC = 8K

2 2 2
 (13K) = (12K) + BC
JU

 169K2 = 144K2 + BC2 113 K

 BC2 = 169K2 – 144K2

 BC2 = 25K2  BC = 5K
B AB 12K 12 In right triangle ABC.
Now, cos= =  
H AC 13K 13 AC2 = AB2 + BC2
P BC 5K 5 (By Pythagoras theorem)
tan= =  
B AB 12K 12
AC2 = (8K)2 + (7K)2
B AB 12K 12
cot= =   AC2 = 64K2 + 49K2
P BC 5K 5
P BC 5K 5  AC = 113 K
sin= =  
H AC 13K 13 P BC 8K 8
Now, sin =   
H AC 113K 113

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 B AB 7K 7
cos = = =  1  tan 2 A
H AC 113 K 113 Now, LHS =
1  tan  A
(1  sin )(1  sin ) (1  sin 2 ) 2
Now, (1  cos )(1  cos )  3 9
(1  cos2 ) 1   1
 4   16
= 2 9
 8 
2 3 1
64 1   16
1   1 4
 113  113
= 2
= 49
 7  1 16  9
1   113
 113  16 16  9 7
= 16  9  
16  9 25

IX
113 64 16
113 64 49
= 113   Ans. 2 2
RHS = cos A  sin A
113 49 113 49 64
113 2 2
 4 3
=    

FL
2
 B  AB  7K  49
2  5 5
(ii) cot2=      =   = Ans.
 P   BC  8K  64 16 9 16  9 7
=   
Q8. If 3cotA = 4, check whether 25 25 25 25
Hence,LHS = RHS
1  tan 2 A  cos 2 A  sin 2 A
or not.
1  tan 2 A
R
Q9. In triangle ABC right angled at B, if
Sol. We have; 3 cot A = 4 1
tan A  , find the value of
4 B AB 3
E
 cot A = = =
3 P BC (i) sinA cosC + cosA sinC
Let AB = 4K and BC = 3K (ii) cosA cosC – sinA sinC.
IT

1 P BC
Sol. In figure, tanA = = =
3 B AB
5K
P
JU

AC2 = AB2 + BC2

(By Pythagoras theorem)

Let BC = k and AB = 3k
= (4K)2 + (3K)2 In right triangle ABC.
= 16K2 + 9K2 AC2 = AB2 + BC2

AC2  25k 2  AC 5k (By Pythagoras theorem)

P BC 3K 3 = 3k2 + k2 = 4k2
Now, tan A = =  
B AB 4K 4
 AC2 = 4k 2  AC 2k
B AB 4K 4
cos A = =   P K 1
H AC 5K 5  sin A  = 
H 2K 2
P BC 3K 3
and sinA = = AC  5K  5 B BC K 1
H  cos C    
H AC 2K 2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 B AB 13K 3  PR =25 – 12 = 13
 cos A    
H AC 2K 2 We find,
P AB 3K 3 P QR
 sin C     12
H AC 2K 2 sinP = = =
H PR 13
(i) sinA cosC + cosA sinC B PQ 5
cosP = = =
 1  1   3  3  H PR 13
=   
 
 2  2    
 2  2  P QR 12
and tanP = = PQ =
2 B 5
 1 2  3 
=   
2  
 2  Q11. State whether the following statements are

IX
13 true or false. Justify your answer.
= =1
4 4
(ii) cosA cosC – sinA sinC (i) The value of tan A is always less than1.

1 3 12
(ii) secA = for some value of angle A.

FL
=   5
2 2
(iii) cosA is the abbreviation used for the
3 3
=   0
4 4 cosecant of angle A.
(iv) cotA is the product of cot and A.
R
Q10. In PQR, right angled at Q, PR + QR =
4
(v) sin = for some angle .
25cm and PQ = 5 cm. Determine the 3
Perpendicular
E
values of sinP, cosP and tanP.
Sol. (i) False, since tan A  and
Base
Sol. In figure, PQ = 5cm
perpendicular may be longer than base.
IT

PR + QR = 25cm Hypotenuse
13 (ii) True, since, sec A  and
Base
i.e., PR = 25 – QR (i)
hypontenuse being the longest side may
In right triangle PQR be 12/5 times the base.
P

12
2 2 2 (iii) False, since cosA is the abbreviation used
PR = PQ + QR
for the cosine of angle A.
(By Pythagoreous theorem)
JU

(iv) False, since cotA is used as an

 (25 – QR)2 = (5)2 + QR2
abbreviation for ‘the cotangent of the
(Using result (i)) angle of A’.
 625 – 50QR + QR2 = 25 + QR2 (v) False, since the hypotenuse is the longest

  252  2  25  QR   QR 2  25  QR 2 side in the right triangle. As such that the

 625  50QR  25 value of sinA is always less than 1 (or, in

particular equal to 1)
 625  50QR
 600  50QR
 50 × QR = 600  QR = 12cm
and PR  25  QR

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
Q1. Evaluate of the following expression.
1 1 2 32 34
(i) sin 60° cos30° + sin30° cos60° 2 3 2 3
 2  1 1  4  3  2 3
(ii) 2tan2 45cos2 30sin2 60 3 2 2 3
cos 45 
(iii) (VVI)
sec 30   cos ec30  3 34 (3 3  4)(3 3  4)
 
sin 30   tan 45   cos ec60  43 3 (3 3  4)(3 3  4)
(iv)
sec 30   cos 60   cot 45  2

5 cos 2 60  4 sec 2 30  tan 2 45  3 3 4 23

2
3 4
(v)  2
sin 2 30 cos 2 30 3 3 4 2

IX
Sol. (i) We have; sin60° cos30° + sin30° cos60°
27  16  24 3 43  24 3
 = Ans.
3 3 1 1 27  16 11
   
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Sol. (v) We have; 5cos 602 4sec 302  tan 45

FL
2
 3   1 2 sin 30  cos 30
 
 2 
   =   1 = 1 Ans.
   2 4 4
 1 2  2 2
5   4   (1) 2
Sol. (ii) We have 2 tan2 45  cos2 30  sin2 60 2  3
 2

 3 2  3 2 1  3 
2

   
R
2
 2(1) 
 2 
 
 
  2  2 
   2 

3 3 833 8 5  4  4 1 5  16  1
 = 2 Ans.
E
 2  =

4 3

4 3
4 4 4 4 13 13
cos 45 4 4 4 4
Sol. (iii) We have;
sec 30  cos ec30
IT

15  64  12 67
1 1 12 12 67
 1 3  4 = 12 Ans.
2 2
  2  = 4 4
22 3
  (2)
P

 3 3 Q2. Choose the correct option and justify :

2 tan 30
1 3 3 (i) 
  = 2 62 2 1 tan 2 30
   
JU

2 22 3
(A) sin60° (B) cos60°
3 32 62 2
  (C) tan60° (D) sin30°
2 62 2 2 62 22 62 2 1 tan 2 45 
(ii) =
2 18  2 6 1 tan 2 45 
2 2

2 6   2 2 (A) tan90° (B) 1 (C) sin45° (D) 0
(iii) sin2A = 2sinA is true when A =
2 18  2 6 6 2  2 6
 
24  8 16 (A) 0° (B) 30° (C) 45° (D) 60°
2 tan 30


2 3 2 6 = 3 2 6 (iv)
1 tan 2 30

16 8
(A) cos60° (B) sin60°
sin 30  tan 45  cos ec 60
Sol. (iv) We have;
sec 30  cos 60  cot 45 (C) tan60° (D) sin30°

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Sol. (i) Option (A) is correct. 1
 tan(A – B) =
3
 1 
2   tan  A  B  tan300
2 tan 30  3
 2 =  A – B =30°..(ii) ( tan 300  1/ 3 )
1  tan 30  1 2
1 
 3 Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2 2 A + B = 600
3 3 23 3
 = 4 =  Put A = 450 in equation (i), we get
1 1 4 3 2 3
3 3 45° + B = 60°  B = 15°
3 3 3 3 3
 2 3 3  2  3 = 2 Ans. A 450 and B  1500

IX
sin60° = 3 / 2 (from Table) Q4. State the following are true or false. Justify

Sol. (ii) Option (D) is correct your answer.

1  tan 2 45 1  (1) 2 (i) sin(A + B) = sinA + sinB

FL
 =
1  tan 2 45 1  (1) 2 (ii) The value of sin increases as  increases.
11 0 (iii) The value of cos increases as  increases.
  0
1 1 2 (iv) sin = cos for all values of .
Sol. (iii) Option A is correct (v) cotA is not defined for A = 0°.
R
When A = 0°, then Sol. (i) False: When A = 60°, B = 30°
0
LHS = sin 2A = sin 2 x 0 = sin 0 = 0 LHS = sin(A + B) = sin(60° + 30°)
= sin 90° = 1
E
RHS = 2sinA = 2sin0° = 2 × 0 = 0
RHS =sinA + sin B = sin60° + sin30°
Sol. (iv) Option (C) is correct.
3 1 3 1
=  
IT

 1  2 2 2
2  i.e. LHS  RHS
2 tan 30  3
 2 = (ii) True : We know that sin0° = 0,
1  tan 30  1 2
1  1 1
 3 sin 300   0.5 sin 450   0.7;
P

2 2
2 2 2 3
3 3  3 sin 600   0.8 and sin 90 1
 1 = 2
JU

1 3 1 2 i.e., value of sin increases as  increases

3
3 3 from 0° to 90°.
3 3 3 (iii) False : We know that cos0° = 1,
2 3 
 = 3 1
3 2 3 3 3 cos30° = = 0.87 and cos45° =
2 2
3 3 1
 = 3 = 0.7 cos60° = = 0.5 and cos90° = 0
3 2
We know tht tan 600  3 i.e., value of cos decreases as 

decreases from 0° and 90°
Q3. If tan( A  B )  3 and tan( A  B )  1 ;
3 1
(iv) False : We know that sin30° =
0  A  B  90; A > B, find A and B. (VVI) 2
Sol. tan(A + B) = 3 (Given) 3
 and cos30° = i.e., sin30°  cos30°
2
 tan  A  B   tan 600 ( tan 60 0  3 ) 1 1
(v) True cot 0° = tan 0 =
0
 A + B = 60°...(i)
i.e., not defined.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 3
Q1. Evaluate Q4. If tanA=cotB, prove that A + B = 90° (VVI)
sin 18 tan 26 Sol. We have; tanA = cotB
(i) (ii) tanA = tan(90° – B)
cos 72 cot 64 
(iii) cos 48° – sin 42° { tan(90  )  cot }
(iv) cosec 31° – sec 59°  A = 90° – B
sin 18 sin 18  A + B = 90° Proved
Sol. (i) =
cos 72 cos( 90  18)
Q5. If sec4A = cosec(A – 20°), where 4A is an
sin 18 acute angle, find the value of A.
= = 1 Ans.
sin 18 Sol. We have; sec 4A = cosec (A – 20°)
 cos(90   )  sin   cosec(90° – 4A) = cosec (A – 20°)

IX
{ cos ec (90  )  sec }
tan 26 tan 26
Sol. (ii) =  90° – 4A = A – 20°
cot 64 cot( 90  26)
 5A = 110°  A = 22° Ans.
tan 26
= = 1 Ans.
tan 26 Q6. If A, B and C are interior angles of a

FL
 cot(90  )  tan  triangle ABC, then show that
Sol. (iii) cos48° – sin42° = cos(90° – 42°) – sin42°
 B C  A
= sin42° – sin42° = 0 sin  cos (VVI)
 2  2
 cos  90  sin 
0
Sol. (iv) cosec 31° – sec 59° Sol. In ΔABC : A  B  C  180
R
= cosec 31° – sec(90° – 31°) (Angles sum property of a triangle)
= cosec31° – cosec 31° = 0 Whole equation devided by 2
 sec(90  )  cos ec A  B  C 180
E
 
Q2. Show that 2 2
(i) tan 48° tan 23° tan 42° tan 67° = 1 A B C
    90
IT

(ii) cos 38° cos 52° – sin 38° sin 52° = 0 2 2 2

Sol. (i) tan48° tan23° tan42° tan67° = LHS B C A
   90 
= tan48° × tan23° × tan(90° – 48°) 2 2 2
× tan(90° – 23°)
B  C  A 
P

= tan48° × tan23° × cot48° × cot23°  = 90 

2  2 
= tan 480.cot 480.tan 230.cot 230  1 Apply sin on both the sides, we get
 A
JU

= 11 1 Ans.  cot .tan   1  B C 

 sin = sin 90   
 2   2
(ii) cos38° cos52° – sin38 sin52° = LHS
= cos38°.cos(90° – 38°) – sin38°  B C  A
 sin  cos
. sin(90° – 38°)  2  2
= cos38° × sin38° – sin38° × cos38° = 0 { sin( 90  )  cos }
 cos  90     sin  , sin  90     cos  Q7. Express sin 67° + cos 75° in terms of
trigono-metric ratios of angles between 0°
Q3. If tan2A = cot (A – 18°), where 2A is an and 45°. (VVI)
acute angles, find the value of A. (VVI)
Sol. We have : sin67° + cos75°
Sol. tan 2A = cot (A – 18°)
= sin(90° – 23°) + cos(90° – 15°)
 cot(90° – 2A) = cot(A – 18o)
= cos23° + sin15°  sin  90    cos 
0
 cot(90  )  tan 
 90° – 2A = A – 18° cos  900     sin 
 3A = 108°  A = 36° Ans.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 4
Q1. Express the trigonometric ratios sinA, Proof : (i) sin A in terms of sec A

secA and tanA in terms of cotA. We know : sin 2 A  cos 2 A  1

Proof : (i) secA in terms of cotA  sin 2 A 1  cos 2 A

2 2
We know that : sec A  1  tan A 1  1 
 cos A 
2
 sin A  1 
sec 2 A  sec A 
2 1 1 
 sec A  1   tan   
cot A 
2 cot   2 sec 2 A  1
 sin A 
sec 2 A
2 cot 2 A  1
 sec A  sec 2 A  1
cot 2 A

IX
 sin A 
sec 2 A
cot 2 A  1
 sec A  sec 2 A  1
cot 2 A  sin A 
sec A

FL
1  cot 2 A
 sec A  Proved 1
cot A Proof : (ii) We know: cosA = Proved
sec A
Proof : (ii) sec A in terms of cotA
Proof : (iii) tan A in terms of sec A
We know that : We know that :
2 2
 sec A  1  tan A
1  tan 2 A  sec2 A
R
1  1  2 2
 tan A   tan A  sec A 1
2
 sec A  1  2 
cot A  cot A 
2
E
 tan A  sec A  1 Proved
2 cot 2 A  1
 sec A  Proof : (iv) Prove cos ecA in terms of sec A
cot 2 A
1
IT

1  cot 2 A We know : cos ecA  ...(i)

 sec A  sin A
cot 2 A We know that :
1  cot 2 A sin 2 A  cos2 A  1
 sec A  Proof
P

cot 2 A 2 2
Proof : (iii) sinA in terms of cotA  sin A  1  cos A
1  1 
1 2
 cosA  
JU

We know : sin A   sin A  1 

cosecA sec 2 A  secA 
We know that : sec 2 A  1
2 2  sin 2 A 
 1  cot A  cosec A sec 2 A
 cos ec2 A  1 cot 2 A
sec 2 A  1
 sin A 
 cos ecA  1  cot 2 A sec2 A

Put cosecA  1  cot 2 A in (i) sec 2 A 1

 sin A 
sec A
1
 sin A  Proved Put the value of sin  in (i)
1  cot 2 A
1
Q2. Write all the other trigonometric ratios of  cosecA =
2
sec A  1
A in terms of secA. sec A

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 sec A (ii) (1 + tan + sec)(1 + cot – cosec) = (VVI)
 cosecA =
sec 2 A  1 (A) 0 (B) 1
Proof : (v) cot A in terms of sec A (C) 2 (D) –1
1
We know : cot A  ...(i) (iii) (secA + tanA) (1 – sinA) = (VVI)
tan A
We know that : (A) secA (B) sinA
1  tan 2 A  sec2 A (C) cosecA (D) cosA
 tan2 A  sec2 A 1 1 tan 2 A
(iv)
2 1 cot 2 A
 tanA  sec A 1
(A) sec2 A (B) –1

IX
Put the value of tanA in (i)
1 (C) cot2 A (D) tan2 A
cotA = Proved
sec 2 A  1 Sol. (i) Correct option is (B)
Q3. Evaluate

FL
2 2
 9 sec2A – 9 tan2A
sin 63  sin 27
(i)  9(sec2A – tan2A)
cos 2 17  cos 2 73
 9×1=9 (  sec2 Atan 2 A 1 )
(ii) sin25° cos65° + cos25° sin65°
Sol. (ii) Correct option is (C)
R
sin 2 63  sin 2 27
Sol. (i) We have;  (1 + tan + sec) (1 + cot – cosec)
cos 2 17  cos 2 73
 sin  1   cos  1 
 1  1  
E
 cos  cos    sin  sin  
sin 2 (90  27)  sin 2 27

cos 2 (90  73)  cos 2 73  cos  sin  1  sin  cos  1
   
 cos    sin  
IT

 sin  90    cos  cos 90     sin   {(cos  sin )  1} {(cos  sin )  1}

cos   sin 
cos 2 27  sin 2 27 1
Let sin  + cos  = A & 1 = B
P

 = =1
cos 2 17  sin 2 17 1 (cos  sin )2  (1) 2

cos  sin 
 sin 2
  cos2   1
  a  b  a  b   a 2  b 2
JU

Sol. (ii) We have; sin25° cos65° + cos25° sin65°

cos 2   sin 2   2 cos  sin   1

 sin25°.cos(90° – 25°) + cos25°. cos   sin 
1 2cossin 1
sin(90° – 25°)  = 2 sin2 cos2 1
cossin
 sin25° × sin25° + cos25° × cos25° 2sin  cos 
 2 Proved
 sin2 25° + cos2 25° = 1 sin .cos 

( sin 2 cos 2  1 ) Sol. (iii) Correct option is (D)

Q4. Choose the correct option. Justify your  (secA + tanA)(1 – sinA)
 1 sin A 
choice:     (1  sin A)
 cos A cos A 
(i) 9sec2A – 9tan2A =
(1  sin A)
  (1  sin A )
(A) 1 (B) 9 (C) 8 (D) 0 cos A

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 (1  sin A)(1  sin A) (ix) (cosecA – sinA)(secA – cosA) =

cos A
1
  a  b  a  b   a 2  b 2 tan A  cot A

(1) 2  (sin A ) 2 1  sin 2 A  1 tan 2 A  1 tan A 2

2

cos A
=
cos A (x) 


2     tan A

 1 cot A  1 cot A 
cos 2 A = cosA cos2 A 1sin2 A

cos A Sol. (i) LHS = (cos ec  cot ) 2 (VVI)
2
Sol. (iv) Correct option is (D)  1 cos   1 cos  2
 
  sin  sin   =  
 sin  
1  tan 2 A sec 2 A
 =
1  cot 2 A cos ec 2 A (1 cos)2 (1  cos ) 2

IX
 =
sin2  1  cos 2 
( 1  tan 2   sec 2 
1  cot 2   cosec 2 )  sin 2  1 cos 2  
(1  cos ) 2

FL
 1  1 1  cos 
  (sec A   =
2
 cos A  sin A
2 (1  cos )(1  cos ) 1  cos 
=
cos A

 1  cos 2 A 1  a 2  b 2 a  b a  b
 2  cos ecA  )
 sin A  sin A  LHS = RHS Proved
 sin A 2 cos A  1  sin A
R
 = tan A 2  tan 2 A Sol. (ii) LHS =
 
 cos A 
1  sin A cos A

(cos A ) 2  (1  sin A) 2
2 sin A 
 tan A   tan A Proved (1  sin A)  (cos A)
E
cos A
Q5. Prove the following identities : cos 2 A  1  sin 2 A  2 sin A
 (1  sin A)  (cos A)
1 cos 
IT

(i) (cos ec  cot  ) 2  (VVI)

1 cos 
cos 2 A  sin 2 A  1  2sin A  cos A
cos A 1 sin A 
(ii)   2 sec A 1  tan A  cos A 
1  sin A cos A
sin2   cos 2  1
P

tan  cot  2(1  sin A)

(iii)   1 sec  cos ec 2  2sinA
1  cot  1  tan   (1 sinA)  cosA = (1  sin A)  cos A
JU

2  1 
(iv)
1 sec A

sin 2 A
(VVI)  cos A
= secA   secA 
sec A 1  cos A  cosA 
tan   cot 
Sol. (iii) LHS = (VVI)
cos A  sin A  1 1  cot  1  tan 
(v)  cos ecA  cot A,
cos A  sin A  1
 sin    cos    sin  
1 sin A   
 cos     sin  
  tan  cos  
(vi)  sec A  tan A (VVI)   
1  sin A  cos    sin  
1   1   cot   cos  
 sin    cos    sin  
sin   2sin 3 
(vii)  tan  (VVI)  sin    cos  
2 cos3   cos     
 cos     sin  
(viii) (sinAcosecA)2 (cosAsecA)2   sin   cos    cos   sin  
   
 sin    cos  
7tan2 Acot 2 A

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 sin   sin  cos   cos  cot A  1  cosecA
  
cos   (sin   cos ) sin   (cos  sin ) cot A  1  cosecA

sin2  cos2 
(cosecA  cot A)  1
  
cos   (sin  cos) sin   (cos  sin ) 1  cot A  cos ecA 
sin2  cos2  (cosecA  cot A)  (cosec2 A  cot 2 A)
   {1  cot A  cos ecA}
cos   sin   cos  sin  sin  cos 

2 2
(cos ec 2   cot 2   1)
sin   sin   cos   cos 
 cos   sin   (sin   cos ) (cos ecA  cot A)  (cos ecA  cot A) 
(cos ecA  cot A)
sin 3   cos 3  
 sin  cos (sin   cos ) 1  cot A  cos ecA 

IX
(sin  cos )  (sin2   cos2   sin  cos ) { (a  b )(a  b )  a 2  b 2 }
 cos   sin   (sin  cos ) (cosecA  cot A)  {1  (cosecA  cot A)}
 {1  cot A  cosecA}
3 3 2 2
a  b  (a  b)(a  b  ab

FL
(cos ecA  cot A)  {1  cos ecA  cot A}
2 2 

sin   cos   sin  cos  1  cot A  cos ecA 
cos   sin 
 cosec A + cot A = RHS Proved
 sin 2 cos 2  1
1  sin A
1  sin  cos  1 Sol. (vi) LHS = (VVI)
R
 = 1 1  sin A
cos  sin  cos  sin 
Rationalize the denominater by 1  sinA
1  1  1 
  1 = 1   
cos  .sin   cos    sin  
E
(1  sin A )(1  sin A )
 (1  sin A)(1  sin A)
 1  sec  cos ec  LHS = RHS Proved
sin 2 A 1 cos2 A (1  sin A ) 2 (1  sin A) 2
IT

Sol. (iv) RHS =

1 cos A  = 1 cos A 
(1) 2  (sin A) 2
=
1  sin 2 A
1cosA1cosA
  sin2   1 cos2 
1cosA 2
(1  sin A) 2 1 sin A 
P

1  1   =  
cos 2 A  cos A 
 1cos A 1  cos   
sec A  sec  
JU

sec A 1 1 sin A 1  sin A

  LHS Proved  =
sec A cos A cos A cos A
cos A  sin A  1  xy x y
Sol. (v) LHS =
cos A  sin A  1
(VVI)    
 z z z
[Dividing the Nr and Dr by sinA]  sec A + tanA = RHS Proved

cos A  sin A 1 sin   2 sin 3 

Sol. (vii) LHS = (VVI)
sin A 2 cos 3   cos 

cos Asin A 1
sin 2sin 3  sin   {1  2 sin 2 }
sin A  =
2cos3 cos  cos   {2 cos 2   1}
cos A sin A 1
  sin   {cos 2   sin 2   2 sin 2 }
sin A sin A sin A
 
cos A sin A 1 cos   {2 cos 2   (cos 2   sin 2 }
 
sin A sin A sin A
( cos 2   sin 2   1)

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 sin   {cos 2   sin 2 } sin  1
 = 2
cos   {cos 2   sin 2 } cos  cos 2 A  sin A = tan2 A = RHS
 1 cos 2 A
= tan  = RHS Proved 2
sin A
Sol. (viii) (sin A  cos ecA ) 2  (cos A  sec A ) 2
 2
 {sin 2 A  cos ec2 A  2 sin A  cos ecA}   
 1 tan A 2  1 tan A 
{cos 2 A  sec 2 A  2 cos A  sec A} (ii)   =
 1 cot A  1 1 
2 2 2 2  tan A 
 {sin A  cosec A  2}{cos A  sec A  2}
 sin  cos ec  1  2
  1tanA  2
 cos   sec   1   tan A 1  tan A  

IX
 
  tanA1    tan A  1

2 2 2 2  
 2  2  (sin A  cos A)  sec A  cosec A  tanA 

 2  2  1  sec2 A  cos ec2 A 2

  tan A  tan A  1  2

FL
 sin 2
A  cos 2 A  1   tan A  1
    tan A 
 
 5  (tan 2 A  1)  (cot 2 A  1)  tan 2 A Proved
2 2
Sol. (ix) Second Method
 7  tan A  cot A = RHS Proved
LHS =  cos ecA  sin A  sec A  cos A 
 sec 2   tan 2   1, 
R
 2 2
  1  1 
 cosec   cot   1     sin A    cos A 
 sin A   cos A 
Sol. (ix) LHS = (cosecA – sinA) (secA – cosA)
E
 1   1   1  sin 2 A   1  cos 2 A 
   sin A   cos A      
 sin A   cos A 
 sin A   cos A 
 1  sin 2 A   1  cos 2 A 
IT

  sin A    cos A  cos 2 A sin 2 A

     .
sin A cos A
cos 2 A  sin 2 A = sinA cosA  cos A.sin A

sin A cos A
P

1
sin A.cos A sin A.cos A RHS =
 2 tan A  cot A

1 sin A  cos 2 A
JU

1
1 1 
  sin A cos A
2 2
sin A  cos A sin A cos2 A
2 
 cos A sin A
sin A.cos A cos A sin A
1
1 1 

sin A cos A

tan A  cot A sin A  cos2 A
2

 cos A.sin A
cos A sin A
1 cos A . sin A
 = RHS Proved 
tan A  cot A sin 2 A  cos 2 A
 1 tan 2 A  sec 2 A
Sol. (x) (i) LHS = 

  cos A.sin A  sin 2
  cos2   1 
2  2
 1 cot A  cos ec A

 1  tan   sec 

2 2

 2 2 
and 1 cot   cos ec 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 CHAPTER : 9 – APPLICATION OF TRIGONMETRY
NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q1. A circus artist is climbing a 20m long rope, In right BCD
B CD
which is tightly stretched and tied from the  cos    = cos 30°
H x
top of a vertical pole to the ground. Find
8 3
the height of the pole, if the angle made  x =  3x  16
2
by the rope with the ground level is 30°.
16 3 16 3
 x=  =
(See figure). 3 3 3
In right DCB

IX
P h
 tan    8
= tan 30°
B
h 1
 8 =  3h  8

FL
3
Sol. Let AB be pole and AC be rope such that AC
8 3 8 3
= 20cm and ACB = 30°, let height f pole AB  h=  =
3 3 3
be h m.
 Height of the tree, AC is given by
In right ABC
R
 AC = AB + BC = h + x
P AB
 sin    sin 30° =
AC 8 3 16 3 24 3
H  AC =  =
3 3 3
E
1 h
 2 = 20  2h = 20  AC = 8 × 1.732 = 13.84 m

 h = 10 m Ans : Height of tree is 13.8 m

IT

Ans : Height of pole is 10m.

Q3. A contractor plans to install two slides for
Q2. A tree breaks due to the storm and the the children to play in a park. For the
P

broken bends so that the top of the tree children below the age of 5 years, she
touches the ground making an angle of 30° prefers to have a slide whose top is at a
with the ground. The distance from the foot
JU

height of 1.5m, and is inclined at an angle

of the tree to the point where the touches
of 30° to the ground, whereas for elder
is 8m. Find the height of the tree.
children, she wants to have a steep slide
Sol. Let the CBA be tree of height (h + x)m.
at a height of 3m, and inclined at an angle
Let the height of the tree after broken part be
h m. of 60° to the ground. What should be the
length of the slide in each case ?

Sol.

In right ABC
8m
P AB
Let AB = BD = x and CD = 8m [given]  sin    sin 30° =
AC
H

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 1 1.5 the ground is 60°. Find the length of the
 2 = AC  AC = 2 × 1.5 = 3m
string, assuming that there is no slack in
the string.
Sol. Let kite at point C, such that BC = 60 m and
CAB = 60o, we have to find AC.
In right PQR In right ABC

P PQ BC 60
 sin    sin 60° =  sin  =  sin 60o =
H PR AC AC

3 3 3 60 120  3
 =  AC = C
 =  3 PR = 6

IX
2 PR 2 AC 3 3
60m
6 3 6 3 120 3
 PR =   PR = = 2 3m  AC = = 40 3
3 3 3 3 )60
o
B
A
Ans : Length of slide for children is 3m and Ans : Length of string is 40 3 m

FL
length of slide for elder is 2 3m .
Q6. A 1.5 m tall boy is standing at some
Q4. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower distance from 30 m tall building. The angle
from a point on the ground, which is 30m of elevation from his eyes to the top of
R
away from the foot of the tower is 30°. Find the building increases from 30o to 60o as
the height of the tower. he walks towards the building. Find the
E
distance he walked towards the building.
Sol. Let AB be boy and CD be tower such that AB
Sol.
IT

= 1.5m are CD = 30m. CAE = 30° and CFE

Let AB be tower and C is a point 30m away = 60°.

from tower such that ACB = 30°.

P

28.5 m

In right ABC
P AB
 tan    tan 30° =
BC
B
JU

1 h
 =  3h = 30
3 30 As ABDE is a rectangle.

30 3 30 3  AB = ED = 1.5m [opp. sides of a

 h=   h = 3 = 10 3 m
3 3 CE = CD – ED rectangles are equal]
Ans : Height of the tower is 10 3 m . CE = 30 – 1.5 = 28.5 m
In right CEF
Q5. A kite is flying at a height of 60m above
P CE
the ground. The string attached to the kite  tan    tan 60° =
FE
B
is temporarily tied to a point on the 28.5
 3 = FE  3FE  28.5
ground. The inclination of the string with

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 20  h
28.5 3 28.5 3  DB = ...(ii)
 FE =   FE = 3
3 3 3 Equating (i) and (ii), we get
= 9.5 3 m 20  h
 = 20  20 + h = 20 3
In right AEC 3
P CE  h = 20 3  20 
 tan    tan 30° = 20( 3  1)
B AE
 20(1.732 – 1)  20(.73) = 14.60
1 28.5
 = AE =
3 AE  28.3 3 Ans : Height of transmission tower is 14.60m.

 AF = AE – FE
Q8. A statue 1.6m tall stands on the top of
AF = 28.5 3  9.5 3

IX

pedestal. From a point on the ground, the
 AF = 19 3m
angle of elevation of the top of the statue
Ans : Distance walked is 19 3m
is 60° and from the same point the angle

FL
Q7. From a point on the ground, the angles of of elevation of the top of the pedestal is

elevation of the bottom and the top of a 45°. Find the height of the pedestal.
transmission tower fixed at the top of a Sol. AB is a pedestal of height of h m on which a

20m high building are 45° and 60° respec- statue of height AD = 1.6m stands on it.
R
tively. Find the height of the tower.
Sol. Let AB be building and AC be transmission
E
Tower such that AB = 20m. Let height of the
tower AC be h m.
IT

ACB = 45°, DCB = 60°

In right ABC
P

P AB
 tan    BC
= tan 45°
B
JU

h
ADB = 45° and CDB = 60°  BC = 1  BC = h ...(i)
In right ABD In right DBC
P AB P
 tan    tan 45° = DB
B DB  tan    tan 60° =
BC
B
20 h  1. 6
 1 = DB  DB = 20 m ...(i)  = 3
BC
In right DBC h  1. 6
 = 3 [using (i)]
P BC h
 tan    tan 60° =
DB
B  3h = h + 16  h ( 3  1) = h
20  h 16 3 1
 3 = DB  3DB = 20 + h h= 

3 1 3 1

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 16( 3  1) road, which is 80m wide. From a point
 h=
( 3 ) 2  (1) 2 between them on the road, the angles of
elevation of the top of the poles are 60°
 h=
16( 3  1) 16 3  1
=
 
3 1 2 and 30°, respectively. Find the height of

16(1.732  1) the poles and the distance of the point from

 h=
2 the poles.
= 8 × 2.73 = 21.84 m Sol. Let AB = CD = h m and BD = 80m such that
Ans : Height of the pedestal is 21.84m CED = 30° and AEB = 60°

IX
Q9. The angle of elevation of the top of the
building from the foot of the tower is 30°
and the angle of elevation of the top of the
tower from the foot of the building is 60°.

FL
If the tower is 50 m high, find the height In rightCED
of the building. P CD
 tan    tan 30° =
DE
B
Sol. AB is tower of height 50m and CD is a build-
1 h
R
ing of height h such that  =  DE = 3h m
3 DE
ACB = 60°, DBC = 30° [given] In right ABE
P AB
E
 tan    tan 60° =
EB
B

 3= h  3EB = h
IT

EB
h
EB =
3
From right ABC, Now, DB = DE + EB
P

P AB 3h h 3h  h
 tan    tan60° =
BC  80 =   80 =
B 1 3 3
JU

50 50
 BC = 3  BC = 4h
3  80 =  4h = 80 3
3
In right DCB,
P  h = 20 3
DC
 tan    BC
= tan 30°
B  Height of each pole = 20 3 m
BC 50 3 50 Now DE = 3h = 3  20 3
 h=  h=  =
3 3 3 3 = 60m
[using (i)]
Ans : The distance of point E is 60 m away
50
Ans : Height of building is m. from pole CD
3
Q10. Two poles of equal heights are standing Q11. A TV tower stands vertically on a bank of

opposite each other on either side of the a canal. From a point on the other bank

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 directly opposite the tower, the angle of Q12. From a top of a 7m high building , the angle
elevation of the top of the tower is 60°. of elevation of the top of a cable tower is
From another point 20m away from this 60° and the angle of depression of its foot
point to the line joining this point to the is 45°. Determine the height of the tower.
foot of the tower, the angle of elevation of Sol. AB is the tower of height (h + 7)m and CD is
the top of the tower is 30° (see figure). the building 7m high such that
Find the height of the tower and the width
of the canal.

IX
FL
ACE = 60°, ECB = 45°
Sol. Let AB be TV Tower. Let C and D are two
points on the plane. Such that ACB = 60°  CBD = 45°[Pair of alternate angle]
and ADB = 30° and DC = 20m. Let height In right CDB,
R
of TV tower be h m. P CD
In right ABC,  tan    tan 45° =
DB
B
P h
 tan  
E
 tan 60° = 7
B BC  DB = 1  DB = 7m
h h
 3=  BC = m i.e. CE = DB = 7m
BC 3
IT

In right ABD In right AEC,

P AB P AE
 tan    tan 30° =  tan    tan 60° =
B BD B CE
P

1 h h
 =  BD = 3h m  7 = 3 or h= 7 3m
3 BD
Hence, height of the tower = (h + 7) m
JU

Now, DC = DB – BC
= ( 7 3  7) m
3h h 3h  h
 20 =   20 = = 7( 3  1) m
1 3 3
= 7 × 2.73
2h
 20 =  2h = 20 3 = 19.11 m
3
Ans : Height of tower is 19.11 m
 h = 10 3
 height tower = 10 3 m
Q13. As observed from the top of a 75m tall
h 10 3
width of canal CB = = light house, the angles of depression of
3 3
= 10 m two ships approaching it are 30° and 45°.
Ans : Width of canal = 10m and height of If one ship is directly behind the other,
tower is 10 3 m. find the distance between the two ships.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Sol. Let AB is a light house 75m high.

Let C and D be the two ships such that

XAD = 30° = ADB
and XAC = 45° = ACB As ABEF is a rectangle.

IX
[Alternate angles]  AB = FE = 1.2m
From right angle ABC, Now HD = HC – DC
P 75 = 88.2 – 1.2

FL
 tan    tan 45° =
BC
=1
B = 87 m
75
 1  BC = 75 m In right ADC
BC
P HD
From right angled ABD,  tan    tan 60° =
AD
B
R
P 75
 tan    tan 30° = 70 70
B DB  3 = AD  AD = m
3
1 75
E
In a right AFG
 =  BD = 75 3
3 BD P GF
Now, CD = BD – BC
 tan    tan 30° =
AF
B
IT

 CD = 75 3 – 25  75 e j
3 1

1 70
= AF  AF = 70 3m
 CD = 75 (1.73 – 1)  75 × .73 3

= 54.75 m 70 3 70

P

 DF = AF – AD  1
Ans : The distance between two 3

ships is 54.75m. 210  70 140 3 140 3

 DF= =  = m
JU

3 3 3 3

Q14. A 1.2m tall girl spots a balloon moving with 140 3

Ans : Distance travelled by ballon is m
3
the wind in a horizontal line at a height of
88.2 m from the balloon from the eyes o Q15. A straight highway leads to the foot of a
the girl at any instant is 60°. After some tower. A man standing at the top of the
time, the angle of elevation reduces to 30° tower observes a car at an angle of de-
(see figure). Find the distance travelled pression of 30°, which is approaching the
by the balloon the interval. foot of the tower with a uniform speed. Six
Sol. Let AB be height of the girl is 1.2m and HC is seconds later, the angle of depression of
the height of the balloon is 88.2m th car is found to be 60°. Find the time

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 taken by the car to reach the foot of the
distance BQ
tower from this points.  TBQ = 
speed h
Sol : Let PQ be the Cliff. Q is the shore. A and B 3 3
are the two positions of the boat. h
o
Let PAB = XPA = 30 h 3 3
TBQ  3    3 min
(a pair of alternate interior s)  h 3 h
3 3
and PBQ = XPB = 60o
Ans : Total time taken by boat = 9 min
(a pair of alternate interior s)
Let PQ = h m Q16. The angles of elevation of the top of a

IX
tower from two points at a distance of 4m
and 9m from the base of the tower and in
the same straight line with it are comple-

FL
mentary. Prove that the height of the tower
is 6m.
Sol. Let AB be tower of height h m such that
In right PBQ BC = 4m, BD = 9m.
R
PQ h Let ACB = ADB = 90 – .
 tan 60o   3
BQ BQ
E
h
 3 BQ = h  BQ  (i)
3
In right PQA
IT

P PQ
 tan    tan 30o 
B QA
1 h
 In right ABC
P

  AQ = 3h (ii)
3 AQ
P h
3h h  tan    tan =
4
...(i)
 B
Now, AB = AQ - BQ =
JU

1 3 In right ABD
3h  h 2h h h
AB    tan (90° – ) = 9  cot = 9 ...(ii)

3 3 Mutliply (i) and (ii), we get
Dis tan ce AB h h
 Now speed =  tan × cot = 
Time 6m 4 9

2h h2
1=  h2 = 36
36
3  speed  2 h  1
 speed = h = 6m tan .cot   1
6 3 63
Ans : Height of tower is 6m.
h
 speed = m/s
3 3
Time taken by boat to cover distance BQ.

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SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 CHAPTER : 10 – CIRCLES
NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q.1 Fill in the blanks:
(i) The centre of a circle lies in ...............
of the circle (interior / exterior).
Ans : interior
(ii) A point, whose distance from the
centre of the circle is greater than its
radius lies in ............... of the circle.

IX
(exterior / interior). Ans : exterior
(iii) The longest chord of a circle is a
............... of the circle. Ans : diameter

FL
(iv) An arc is a ............... when its ends are
the ends of diameter. Ans : semi circle
(v) Segment of a circle is the region between
arc and ............... of the circle.
Ans : chord
R
(vi) A circle divides the plane, on which it
lies, in ............... parts. Ans : three
E
Q.2 Write true and false. Give reason for
your answers.
IT

(1) Line segment joining the centre of any

point on the circle is a radius of the
circle.
P

Ans : True
(2) A cirlce has finite number of equal
JU

chords. Ans : False

(3) If a circle is divided into three equal arcs,
each is a major arc. Ans : False
(4) A chord of a circle, which is twice as
long as its radius, is a diameter of a
circle. Ans : True
(5) Sector is the region between the chord
and its corresponding arc. Ans : False
(6) A circle is a plane figure.
Ans : True

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
Q1. Recall that two circles are congruent
if they have the same radii. Prove
that equal chords of congruent circles
subtend equal angles at then centre.

O O

IX
A B C D

Given : Two circles C  O, r   C  Or  and AB = CD

To prove : AOB  CO'D

FL
Proof : In AOB and CO ' D
OA = O'C (radii of cong.  )
OB = O'D (radii of cong.  )
AB = CD (given)
R
 AOB  CO'D (By SSS cong. rule)
 AOB  CO'D (By CPCT)
Hence Proved
E
Q.2 Prove that if chords of congruent
IT

circles subtend equal angles at their

centres, then the chords are equal.
P

O O'

A B C D
JU

Given. Two circles C  O, r   C  Or  and

AOB  CO'D
To Prove. AB = CD
Proof : In OAB and O 'CD
OA = O'C (radii of cong.  )
OB = O'D (radii of cong.  )
AOB  CO'D (given)
 OAB  O'CD (by SAS cong. rule)
 AB = CD (By CPCT)
Hence, Proved

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 3
Q1. Draw different pairs of Cirles how To prove : OO’ is the right bisector of AB.
many points does each pair have in Const. : Join OA, OB, O’A and O’B.
common.
Proof. : In ΔOAO' and OBO ' .
OA = OB (radii of same  )
(i) (ii)
O'A = O'B (radii of same  )

A
OO' = OO' (Common)
A
 OAO'  OBO' (by SSS Cong. rule)
(iii) (iv)  AOM = BOM (By CPCT)

IX
B
Now, In OAM and OBM.
Solution:
OA = OB (radii of same circle)
Ans. In (i) and (ii), the number of common
points = 0 in (iii) the number of common OM = OM (common)

FL
point = 2 in (iv) the number common AOM = BOM (Proved above)
point = 1. Thus, the maximum number
of common points are two.  OAM  OBM (By SAS cong. rule)
 AM = MB and OMA  OMB
Q2. Suppose you are given a circle. Give (by CPCT)
R
a construction of find its centre. But, OMA  OMB  1800
(By linear pair Axiom)
0
2OMA 180  OMA  900
E
We have proof AM = MB and OM is
perpendicular to chord AB.
IT

 OO’ is the right bisector of common

Solution:
Step (i) Consider 3 points A, B and C on chord AB.
the circle. Join AB and BC. Hence proved
P

Step (ii) Draw right bisector of chord

AB and BC. Let us name it l and
m intersecting each other at O.
JU

Step (iii) O is the required centre of the

given circle.

Q3. If two circles intersect at two points.

Prove that their centres lies on the
perpendicular bisector of the common
chord.
1
A

O )) 1 O'
2 M

Solution:
Given : Two circles with centre O and O’
intersect each other at A and B.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 4
Q1. Two circles of radii 5 cms & 3cm In  OPM and OQM
intersect at two points and the distance OP = OQ (Proved above)
between their center is 4cm. Find OPM  OQM (90º each by cons.)
length of their common chord.
OM = OM (common)
 OPM  OQM (By RHS cons. rule)
 PM = MQ (By CPCT) (i)
Again: AB = CD (given)
1/2AB = 1/2 CD (  from centre to
the chord bisect the chord)
Solution: AP = DQ (ii)
Let two circles with centre O and O’

IX
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
inter sect each other at A and B such PM + AP = MQ + DQ
that OA  5cm, and OO'  4cm . AM = MD (iii)
 The radiuis of smaller circle is 3cm Now AB = CD (given) (i)
and the distance between the centre is and AM = MD (proved above) (ii)

FL
4cm.  The centre of smallar circle i.e. Subtract (ii) from (i), we get
a must be lies inside of the bigger circle AB - AM = CD - MD
Now OA2 = (5)2 = 25 BM  CM Hence proved
(OO')2 = (4)2 = 16
(O'A)2 = (3)2 = 9 Q3 If two equal chords of a circle intersect
R
2 2
Now (OO') + (O'A) = 16 + 9 = 25 within the circle prove that the line
2 2
joining the point of intersection to the
Hence  OA   OO' 2   AO' centre makes equal angle with the chord.
0
 AO'O  90 (By phythagoras trippled V.V.I
E
similarly we can proof BO 'O  900
Now AO 'O  BO'O 1800
IT

 Points A, O and B are collinew. Hence

centre of circle with radius 3cm lies on
common chord AB.
 AB = 2AO = 2 x 3 = 6cm Given : In a circle C(O, r) two equal chords
AB and CD intersect each other at P.
P

Q2. If two equal chords of a circle intersect To Prove : OPD  OPB or 1   2

within the circle, prove that the segments
of one chord are equal to corresponding Const. : Draw OM  CD and ON  AB .
JU

segments of the other chord. V.V.I Proof :  chords AB = CD (given)

A  OM = ON (equal chords of a 
P are equidistance from the centre of  )
C
In OMP and ONP
O
M OM = ON (proved above)
B
Q M  N (90º each)
D OP = OP (common)
Solution:
 OMP  ONP (By RHS cong. Rule)
Given : In circles C(O, r) two equal chords AB
and CD intersect each other at point M.  1   2 or OPD = OPB
To prove : AM = MD and CM = BM. (By CPCT)
Const.:Draw OPAB and OQ  CD and join OM. Hence proved
Proof. :  chords AB = CD (Given) Q4. If a line intersects two concentric
 OP  OQ circles (circles with the same centre)
(equal chords of a circle are equidistance with centre O at A, B, C and D.
f r om t he cent r e of t he ci r cl e) Prove that AB = CD. V.V.I

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  1 = 12 (By CPCT)
l Now in ABM and CBM
O D AB = AC = 6cm (each)
C
M 1 = 2 (Prove above)
B BM = BM Common)
l A
 ABM  CBM
Solution: (By SAS Cong Rule)
Given : Two concentric circles with centre O AM = BM (By CPCT)

and a line l intersecting these circles at
and AMB = CMB (By CPCT)
points A, B, C and D respectively.
But AMB + CMB = 180°
To prove : AB = CD
(Linear Pair)

IX
Const. : Draw OM  l 2AMB = 180°

Proof : For outer circle. AD is a chord and  AMB = 90°.
OM  AD  AM = DM (i) Hence BO is the right bisector of chord
( from centre to the chord bisect the chord) AC.

FL
For inner circle BC is a chord and
Area of OBC  s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
OM  BC  BM = MC (ii)
( from centre to the chord bisect the chord) a bc 556
 s  s
Subtract (ii) from (i), we get 2 2
AM  BM  MD  MC 16
s  S = 8 cm
R
AB = CD 
2
Hence Proved
Area of OBC  8 8  5 8  5  8  6 
Q5. Three girls Reshma, Salma and
E
Mandeep are playing a game by = 8  3 3  2 = 144  12cm 2 (i)
standing on a circle of radius 5 cm 1
drawn in a park. Reshma throws a Again, ar(OBC) = × Base × Height
IT

2
ball to Salma, Salma to Mandeep,
Mandeep to Reshma if the distance 1
ar  OBC   OB  CM
between Reshma and Salma and 2
between Salma and Mandeep is 6m
P

1 5
each. What is the distance between =  5  cm = cm (ii)
Reshma and Mandeep. 2 2
Equating (i) and (ii) we get
JU

5 12  2
12  CM  CM 
2 5
 CM = 4.8cm
Now, AC = 2 MC ( AM=MC)
AC = 2(4.8)  AC = 9.6cm Ans
Solution:
Let A, B and C are positions of Resma, Q6. A circular path of radius 20cm is
Salma and Mandeep join OA, OC and situated in a colony. Three boys Ankur,
OB Sayed and David are sitting at equal
In OAB and OCB distances on its boundry each having
AB = BC = 6cm (each) Given a toy telephone in his hand to talk
OA = OC (radii of same  ) each other. Find the length of the
OB = OB (Common) string of each phone.
 OAB  OCB

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 A

Ankur
m
2 0c
B C
D

Solution: David
Let A,SayedB and C are the positions of
Ankur, Sayed and David on the circular
path. Since Ankur, Sayed and David are
sitting at a equal distance.
 AB = BC =AC

IX
 Median AD is the right bisector of
chord BC.
 BO = OC
and ADB = ADC > 90
in an equilateral triangle centroid and

FL
circumcentre is the same point.
We know that centeroid of a triangle
divide a median in the ratio.
 AO : OD = 2 : 1
R
 AO = 2OD
 2OD = 20  OD = 10 cm
In right OBD
E
OB2  OD2  BD2
(By pythagoreous theorem)
IT

2 2
  20   10   BD2

 400  100  BD2

P

 BD2  400 100  300

 BD  300  BD  10 3 ,
JU

 BC = 2BD = 2 10 3 = 20 3m
 BC  20 3 m
Ans. : Hence length of the string of each
phone = 20 3

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 5
Q1. In the given fig. A, B and C are three To find : CQD and CPD
points on a circle with centre O such Sol.  Length of chord CD is equal to the
o o radius of circle.
that BOC  30 and AOB  60 . If
D is a point on the circle other than  CD = OC = OD = r (given) (i)
the arc ABC, find  ADC . Hence OCD is an equilateral triangle
B  COD  600
 subtend COD at the centre and
 CD
A C
60º 30º
 CPD in the remaining part of the circle

IX
O
 COD  2CPD .
D 600  2CPD  CPD  300
Solution:  PCQD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

FL
Given : In the given fig. A, B and C are three  P  Q  1800  300  Q  1800
points on the circle. Such that AOB  600 and  Q  1800  300  Q  1500
BOC  300 . Find ADC . Ans :  P=30º and  Q =150º
Proof : AOC  AOB  BOC
R
AOC = 600  300  90
0
Q3 In the given figure PQR  1000 where
 makes AOC at the centre
 arc AC P, Q and R are points on a circle with
and ADC in the remaining part of the centre O. Find OPR.
E
circle.  AOC  2ADC
900  2ADC ; ADC  45o
IT

Ans :  ADC = 45º

Q2. A chord of a circle is equal to the

Solution:
P

radius of the circle. Find the angle

Major arc PR subtends POR at the
subtended by the chord at a point on
centre of the circle and PQR in the
the minor arc and also at point on the
JU

remaining part of the circle.

major arc.
 ref. POR = 2PQR = 2 × 100
M ajor arc
P = 200°C
 POR = 360° – 200° = 160°
O
In OPR , OP = OR (radii of same  )
 1  2 (angles opp. to the equal
C D
Q
Minor sides of a  are equal)

Solution: In OPR ,
Let a chord CD is equal to the radius of the O  P  R  1800
given circle. Suppose point Q on minor arc CD (Angle sum properties )
.
and point P on major arc DC
1600  1  2  1800 ,

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 1  2  1800  1600 (1  2 ) Now arc BC makes BAC and BDC

 21  200 , 1  100 in the same segment.

o
Ans : OPR  100  BAC  BDC  110 each
Ans : BAC  110o
Q4. I n t he g iv e n f ig . ABC  69o ,
Q6. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral whose
ACB  31o . Find  BDC .
diagonals intersect at point E. If

DBC  70o , BAC  30o , f i nd

 BCD further, if AB = BC,

IX
find ECD

Solution:
In ABC ,

FL
A + B + C = 180°
(Angle sum properties )
A + 69° + 31° = 180° Solution:
A + 100° = 180°  A = 80°
(i) arc DC subtends two angles CBD and
R
 , makes  BAC and  BDC
Now arc BC
CAD in the same segment.
in the same segment.
 DAC  DBC  700 (each)
E
BAC = BDC = 80° (each)
Now, DAB  700  300  1000
0
Ans : BDC  80
 ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
IT

 A  C  1800
Q.5 In the given fig. A, B, C and D are
1000  C  1800  C = 800
the points on the circle. AC and BD
intersect at point E such that BEC (ii) In ABC, AB = BC (given)
P

= 130° and ECD = 20°. Find  BAC .  BCA  BAC = 30o

A D
(angles opposite to equal sides)
E
JU

130º 20º
BCD  800  BCE  DCE  800 ,
B C 300  DCE  800  DCE  500 .
Ans : ECD  500
Solution: s
Q7. If diagonals of a cyclic are diameters
Given : A, B, C and D are the points on the
of the circle through the vertices of
circle. AC and BD intersect at point E s
the , prove that it is a rectangle.
such that BEC  130 and ECD  20 .
0 0
C
D
To find : find BAC
O
Proof : In CED, CEB  D  C
A B
(ex. angle sum property of a triangle)
o
130o  D  20o  D  110

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Solution:  3  4 (angles opp. to equal sides
Given. : ABCD is a cyclic diagonals AC and of a triangle are equal)
BD are the diameters of quadrilateral Now, DEC is a straight line
ABCD.  2  3  1800
To prove : ABCD is a rectangle.  1  4  1800
( 1  2 and 3 = 4 )
Proof :  DB & AC are the diameter of the
 A  C  1800 ( the sum of opp.
circle,  A  B  C  D  90o angles of given trapezium ABCD is
(angles in a semi -circle is a right angle) supplementary,  trapesium ABCD is

IX
cyclic).
 opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral
ABCD are equal, so it is a parallelogram, Hence Proved

since each angle of this parallelogram is

Q9. Two circles intersect at two points B

FL
equal to 90o so it is a rectangle.
and C. Through B, two line segments
Hence proved.
ABD and PBQ are drawn to intersect
Q8. If the non-parallel sides of a trapezium the circles at A, D, P and Q

are equal. Prove that it is cyclic (r > n). re s p e c t i v e l y. P ro v e t ha t

R
A ACP  QCD .
B
1 P D
B
E
1 3
2 3 4 A O O' Q
D E C
2 4
IT

Solution: C

Given : ABCD is a trapezium such that AD = BC

Solution:
To prove : ABCD is a cyclic trapezium. Given : Two circles with centre O and O’
P

Const. : Through B draw a line BE || AD

intersect each other at points B and C.
Proof :  AB || CD (opp. sides of trapezium)
Two lines AD and PQ drawn through B
JU

 AB || DE (DE is a part of CD) intersecting these circles at points. A, D,

Now in quadrilateral ABED
P and Q respectively.
AB || DE & AD || BE (by construction)
To prove : ACP = QCD
 quad. ABED is a parallelogram Proof : For circle with centre O, arc AP makes
 1   2 (opp. s of a IIgm)
ACP & ABP in the same segment.
 AD = BE (opp. sides of a IIgm)(i)  ABP  ACP or 1=2 (i)
But AD = BC (given (ii) For circle with centre O’ arc DQ makes
From (i) & (ii), we get
DBQ & DCQ in the same segment.
BC = BE
 DBQ = DCQ or 3 = 4 (ii)
In BEC , But AD and PQ are the intersecting lines.
we have proof BE = BC

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  ABP  DBQ or 1 =3 Given : Two right angles ABC and ADC lies
(verti. opp. angles)(iii) on the same hypotenuse AC.
But 1 = 2 and 3 = 4 Proved above
To prove : CAD  CBD.
 2 = 4
Proof :As line segment AC makes two equal angles
or ACP = DCQ Hence Prove
ABC and ADC in the same side of AC,
Q.10 If circles are drawn taking two sides
 points A ,D , C & B are con-cyclic
of a triangle as diameter, prove that
or ABDC is a cyclic (By theorem).
the point of intersection of these
Now arc CD makes two angle CAD
circles lies on the third side.
and CBD in the same segment.

IX
A

  CAD   CBD
O O
(Angles in the same segment of a circle
B C
D are equal) Hence Proved

FL
Solution:
Given : Let ABC, two circles are drawn with Q.12 Prove that the cyclic parallelogram is
AB and AC as diameter intersecting a rectangle.
each other at D.
R
Given : ABCD is a cyclic parallelogram
To prove : D lies on the side BC
D C
Proof : For circles with AB as diameter
E
ADB  900 (angle in semi circle) (i) O

For circle with AC as diameter A B

IT

ADC  900 (angle in semi-circle) (ii)

Adding (i) and (ii), we get To prove : Parallelogram ABCD is a rectangle
Proof :  ABCD is a parallelogram
ADB  ADC  900  900
P

 A  C & B  D
ADB  ADC  1800
(opp.  ’s of parallelogram are equal)
 Points B, D and C are collinear..
Again, ABCD is a cyclic parallelogram
JU

 BDC is a straight line Hence, point

 A  C  1800  2A  1800
D lies on BC.
Hence Proved  A  90o  A  C 
 One angle of cyclic parallelogram is
Q11 ABC and ADC are two right triangles equal to 90o, so it is a rectangle.
Hence Proved
with common hypotenuse AC. Prove
that CAD  CBD.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 6
Q1. Prove that the line of centres of two in-  Points L, M and O will be collinear.
tersecting circles subtends equal angles Let OL = x cm MO =(6 – x) cm
at the two points of intersection.
In right angle ALO,
Solution:
r2 = x2 + (2.5)2 ...(i)
Given : Two circles with centres A and B
intersect each other at C and D. (By pythagoras theorem)
In right angle CMO,
r2 = (6 – x)2 + (5.5)2 ...(ii)
(By pythagoras theorem)

IX
From (i) and (ii) , we get
To prove : ACB = ADB x2 + (2.5)2 = (6 – x)2 + (5.5)2
Const : Join CD intersecting AB at O. or x2 + 6.25 = 36 + x2 – 12x + 30.5
Proof : In ACB and ADB or 6.25 = 36 – 12x + 30.25

FL
AC = AD (radii of same  ) or 12x = 66.25 – 6.25
BD = BC (radii of same  )
or 12x = 60  x = 5
AB =AB (Common)
 ACB  ADB (SAS Cong Rules) Put x = 5 in (i), we get
 ACB = ADB (By CPCT) 5
2
R
2 2 2 2
[ Hence Proved]  r =(5) + (2.5)  r = 25   
 2
25 2 100  25
or r 2  25   r 
E
Q2. Two chords AB and CD of lengths 5 cm
4 4
and 11 cm respectively of a circle are par-
allel to each other and are on opposite 125 5 2
 r2 =  r = cm. Ans
IT

sides of its centre. If the distance between 4 2

AB and CD is 6 cm, find the radius of the Q3. The lengths of two parallel chords of a
circle. circle are 6 cm and 8 cm. If the smaller
chord is at distance 4 cm from the centre,
P

Solution :
what is the distance of the other chord
Let a circle with centre O such that Chord from the centre?
AB = 5cm, Chord CD = 11cm.
JU

Draw OL AB and OM CD.

M
Solution:
Let A circle with centre O such that Chord
AB = 6cm and Chord CD = 8cm. Draw OP 
As perpendicular from the centre bisects a AB and OQ CD. As OP and OQ are  ’ss
chord, therefore AL = BL = 2.5cm and CM = to the chord AB and CD AP = PB = 3 cm
MD = 5.5cm. and CQ = QD = 4 cm
Let the radius of the circle be r cm.  Chords AB || CD.  Points P, O and Q will
 Chords AB || CD be collinear.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Let OQ =x and radius = r cm In ODA,
In right triangle AOP, OD = OA (radii of same circle) 
o
 ODA  OAD  x each
OA2 = OP2 + AP2
In OEC,
r2 = 42 + (3)2 OE = OC (radii of same circle)
(By Pythagoras theorem)   OEC  OCE  x o each
Now In  BAC;
 r2 = 25  r = 5cm
B + A + C = 180°
Now in right triangle OCQ, B  x  y  x  y  180o
OC2 = OQ2 + CQ2 (Angle sum property of a )
  B  2x  2y  180o (i)
r2 = x2 + 42

IX
 ADEC is a cyclic quadrilateral
or 52 = x2 + 42  A  E  180o
or 25 = x2 + 16  2x + y + z = 180o (ii)
or 25 – 16 = x2 From (i) and (ii), we get

FL
B  2x  2y  2x  y  z
or x2 = 9  x = 9 3
B  y  z  2y  B  z  y (iii)
Ans. 3cm.
In  AOC; AOC  180o  2y (iv)
Q4. Let the vertex of an angle ABC be located In DOE : EOD 1800  2z (v)
R
outside a circle and let the sides of the Subtract (v) from (iv)
angle intersect equal chords AD and CE  0
 0
 AOCEOD  180  2 y  180  2z 
with the circle. Prove that  ABC is equal  AOC – EOD  2z  2y
E
to half the difference of the angles sub-   AOC  EOD   2  z  y 
tended by the chords AC and DE at the  1 2  AOC  EOD   z  y
centre.  1 2  AOC  EOD   B From (iii)
IT

Solution: Hence Proved

Given : The vertex B of an ABC lies out-
side the circle. The sides BA and BC of the Q5. Prove that the circle drawn with any side
P

angle intersect. Chords AD and CE with the of a rhombus as diameter, passes through
circle and AD = CE. the point of intersection of its diagonals.
Solution:
JU

B
Given : A rhombus ABCD in which a circle
is drawn with AB as diameter. Diagonals AC
D E and BD intersect at O.
z z
x x To prove : The circle passes through O.
O
x x
y y
A C

To prove :ABC = 1 2 (AOC – DOE)

Proof : Let OAD = x and OAC = y
 AD = EC (Given)
 AOD  EOC (equal chord subtends Proof : We know that angle in a semicircle is
equal angles at the centre) a right angle. NowAOB = right angle

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 ( Diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other To prove : (i) AC and BD are diameters.
at right angles). Therefore the circle passes (ii) ABCD is a rectangle.
through the point of intersection of its diagonals Proof : (i) In OAB and OCD
i.e., the point O. OA = OC (Given)
Q6. ABCD is a parallelogram. The circle OB = OD (Given)
through A, B and C intersect CD (pro- and AOB = COD
duced if necessary) at E. Prove that AE = (Vertically Opposite angle)
AD.
 OAB  OCD
Solution: (By SAS cong. rules)
Given : ABCD is a parallelogram. A circle

IX
 AB = CD (By CPCT)
passes through A, B and C and intersects CD
(i) Similar we can proof
(or produced) at E.
AD = BC

 opposite sides of ABCD are equal

FL
A =C and B = D
(opposite angles of ||gm)
To prove : AE = AD Now ABCD is a cyclic ||gm
Const : Join A and E  A + C = 180°
R
Proof :  ABCE is a cyclic quadrilateral.  2A = 180°  A = 90°
 AEC + ABC = 180° Similarly B = C = D = 90° (each)
or AED + ABC = 180° ...(i)
E
 arc DB and arc AC is a semicircle.
Now EDC is a straight line.
 AC and BD are diameter..
 ADE + ADC = 180°
(If an arc subtend a right angle in alterate
IT

or ADE + ABC = 180° ...(ii)

segment then arc is semicircle)
[ ADC = ABC ]
Comparing (i) and (ii), we get (ii)  Each angle of ||gm ABCD is each 90°.
AED + ABC = ADE + ABC  ABCD is a rectangle.
P

or AED = ADE Q8. Bisectors of angles A, B and C of a tri-

As sides opposite to equal anglels of AED
angle ABC intersect its circumcircle at
are equal. Therefore, AE = AD.
JU

D, E and F respectively. Prove that the

Hence Proved
angles of the triangle DEF are (90o – 1 2 A)
Q7. AC and BD are chords of a circle which
bisect each other. Prove that : (90o – 1 2 B) and (90o– 1 2 C).
(i) AC and BD are diameter. Sol. Given : A ABC in which AD, BE and CF
(ii) ABCD is a rectangle.
are the bisectors of A , B and C respec-
Solution:
tively. Intersect circle at point D, E and F re-
Given : A circle whose chords AC and BD
spectively.
bisect each other at O.
i.e., AO = OC and OD = OB.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 To prove :
In PBQ, we have
D =90° – ½A E = 90° – ½B;
F = 90° – C P = Q
Proof :  AD, BE and CF are the bisectors  BP = BQ
of A , B and C respectively..
[Sides opposite to equal angles of a radius are
1  2, 3  4 and 5  6
equal]
We have 1 = 2 = ½A
3 = 4 = ½B Q10. In any triangle ABC, if the angle bisector
5 = 6 = ½C of  A and perpendicular bisector of BC
 makes ADE and ABE in the intersect, prove that they intersect on the
arc AE
circumcircle of the triangle ABC.
same segment ADE = 3 ...(i)

IX
 makes ADF and C in same
arc AF Sol. Given : A ABC in which bisectors of A
segment ADF = 6 ...(ii) and perpendicular bisector of BC intersect
each other at P.
Adding (i) and (ii), we get

FL
ADE + ADF = 3 + 6 A

 D = ½B + ½C 1 2
 D = ½(B + C) O
3 4
 D = ½(180° – A) B C
M
 D = 90° – ½A
R
P
Similarly, we can proof
E =90° – ½B ; F = 90° – ½C To Prove : P lies on the circumcircle of ABC
E
Q9. Two congruent circles intersect each Const. : Join OB and OC
other at points A and B. Through any line Proof : In OBM and OMC
IT

segment PAQ is drawn so that P, Q lie on OB = OC (radii of some)

the two circles. Prove that BP = BQ.
OBM  OMC  900 each common)
Sol. Given : Two congruent circles intersect each
other at A and B. Through A, a line-segment OM = OM
P

PAQ is drawn so that P, Q lie on the two  OMB  OMC (By RHS rule)
circles. 3  4 (By CPCT)

JU

 Arc BC makes BOC at the centre and

BAC in the remaining part of the circle
 BOC  2 BAC ,

To prove : BP = BQ BAC = ½BOC

Const : Join A and B Multiply both side by 1 2 , we get
Proof :  Two circles are congruent, there-
 ½BAC = ½(½BOC) , 1 = ½3
fore AB is their common chord i.e., AB has
same length for both circles. Which is possible only when BP is a chord of
circle with centre O  ABPC is cyclic i.e.
 ar AB = arc BA
the bisector of A and  bisector of side
We know that in a circle or in congruent circle
BC intersect each other on the circumcircle
equal area substand equal angles at the circle. of the triangle ABC.
 P = Q

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 CHAPTER : 11 – GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS
NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q1. Draw a line segment of length 7.6 cm and Step (iii) Along AX mark off points A1 , A 2 , A 3
divide it in the ratio 5 : 8. Measure the two
parts. such that AA1  A1A 2  A 2 A3 .
Sol. Steps of construction : Step (iv) Join A3 B. From A 2 draw A 2 B' || A3 B
Step (i) Draw AB = 7.6 cm meeting AB at B' .
Step (ii) At a draw an acute BAX below base Step (v) Through B' draw B'C ' || CB meeting
AB.
AC at C ' . Thus, AB'C ' is the required

IX
7.6cm triangle, each of whose sides is  2 / 3 rd
A C B
4.5cm of the corresponding sides of the ABC.
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5 Q3. Construct a triangle with sides 5 cm, 6 cm

FL
A6
A7
A8
and 7 cm and then another triangle whose
A9 sides are 7/5 of the corresponding sides of
A10
A11
A12
the first triangle.
A13
x
Sol. Step of construction
Step (i) Construct a ABC in which AB = 7 cm,
R
Step (iii) On AX make 5 + 8 i.e. 13 equal parts AC = 5 cm, BC = 6 cm.
and mark them as A1 , A 2 , A3 , A 4 ....A13 Step (ii) At A draw an acute BAX below base
AB.
Step (iv) Join B to A13 . From A5 draw A 5 C ||
E
Step (iii) Along AX, mark off 7 points
A13 B . C is the required point of division
A1 , A 2 , A 3 , .....A 7 . Such that AA1 
and AC : CB = 5 : 8.
A1A 2  A 2 A3  A3 A 4  ......  A 6 A 7.
IT

On measuring, we get AC = 3.1 cm, CB

= 4.5 cm.
C'

Q2. Construct a triangle of sides 4 cm, 5 cm and C

P

6 cm and then a triangle similarly to it whose

sides are 2/3 of the corresponding sides of
the first triangle.
JU

A B'
Sol. Step of contruction : B
A1
Step (i) Construct a ABC in which AB = 6 cm, A2
A3
AC = 4 cm, BC = 5 cm. A4
Step (ii) At A draw an acute BAX below base A5
A6
AB. A7
x

Step (iv) Join A 5 B From A7 draw A 7 B' || A 5 B

C'
meeting produced part of AB at B' .
Step (v) From B' , draw B'C' || BC intersecting
B'
A B
the extended line segment AC at C ' .
A1
Thus, AB'C ' is the required triangle
A2
each of whose sides is 7/5 of the
A3
corresponding sides of the triangle
x
ABC.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Q4. Construct an isosceles triangle whose base is Step (ii) Draw any ray BX making an acute angle
8 cm and altitude 4 cm and then another with BC on the side opposite to the vertex
A.
1
triangle whose sides are 1 times the
2
Y
corresponding sides of the isosceles triangle.
A
Sol. Step of construction :

m
A´

5c
Step (i) Draw a line segment BC = 8 cm.
0
Step (ii) Draw a perpendicular bisector AD (4cm) 60
B C
of BC. 6 cm C´

Step (iii) Joining AB and AC we get isosceles B1

B2
ABC .
B3

IX
B4
X
A1

A Step (iii) Along BX, mark off 4 points B1 , B2 , B3

FL
and B4 on BX such that BB1  B1B2 =
B2 B3  B3 B4 .

B Step (iv) Join B4 C and draw a line through B3

D C C´
parallel to B4 C intersecting BC to C ' .
B1
R
Step (v) Draw a line through C ' parallel to the
B2
line CA to intersect BA at A ' .
B3
Then A 'BC ' is the required triangle.
E

Step (iv) Construct an acute CBX downwards. Q6. Draw a triangle ABC with side BC = 7cm,
IT

Step (v) Along BX mark off 3 equal points B  450 , A  1050 . Then, construct a
B1 , B2 , B3 such that 4
triangle whose sides are times the
BB1  B1B 2  B2 B3 . 3
corresponding sides of ABC.
P

Step (vi) Join C to B2 and draw a line through

B3 parallel to B2 C intersecting the A´
JU

extended line segment BC at C ' .

A
Step (vii) Again draw a parallel line C 'A ' to AC
1050
cutting BP at A ' .
Step (viii) A 'BC ' is the required triangle. 450 C
B C´
7 cm
B1
Q5. Draw a triangle ABC with side BC = 6 cm, B2
0
AB = 5 cm and ABC = 60 . Then B3

3 A7
construct a triangle whose sides areof the x
4
corresponding sides of the triangle ABC.
Sol. Steps of Construction : In ABC,
Sol. Step of construction :
Step (i) Draw a triangle ABC with sides BC = 6 A  B  C  1800
cm, AB = 5 cm and ABC  600 .
1050  450  C  1800

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 150  C 1800  C  300 B5 parallel to B3C intersecting the
Step (i) Draw a triangle ABC with side BC = 7 extended line segment BC at C’.
Step (vi) Again we draw C'A ' parallel to AC.
cm,  B  450 ,  C  30 0 .
Thus, A 'BC ' is the required triangle.
Step (ii) Draw any ray BX making an acute angle
with BC on the side opposite to the
vertex A.
Step (iii) Along BX, mark off 4 points B1 , B2 , B3
and B4 on BX such that BB1  B1B2 =
B2 B3  B3 B4 .
Step (iv) Join B3 to C and draw a line through

IX
B4 parallel to B3C , intersecting the
extended line segment BC at C ' .
Step (v) Draw a line through C ' parallel to CA

FL
intersecting the extended line segment BA
at A ' .
Then A ' BC ' is the required triangle.

Q7. Draw a right triangle in which the sides (other

R
than hypotenuse) are of lengths 4 cm and 3
cm. Then construct another triangle whose
5
sides are times the corresponding sides of
E
3
the given triangle.
Sol. Steps of construction:
IT

Step (i) Draw line BC = 4cm. Draw BA = 3cm

line segment with 900 at B.

A´
P
JU 3 cm

900

B 4cm C C´
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5 X

Step (ii) Join AC to form right  ABC.

Step (iii) Construct an acute CBX downwards.
Step (iv) Along BX mark off 5 equal points
B1 , B2 , B3 , B4 , B5 such that
BB1  B1B2  ....  B 4 B5
Step (v) Join C to B3 and draw a line through

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
Q1. Draw a circle of radius 6 cm. From a point In right POQ
10cm away from its centre, construct the pair
PO 2  PQ 2  OQ2
of tangents to the circle and measure their
lengths. PO 2  OQ 2  PQ 2
Sol. Steps of construction: PQ 2  PO 2  OQ 2

Q PQ = OP 2  OQ2

=  6 2   4 2
O M P
= 36  16  20 cm

IX
R
= 4.47 cm

Step (i) Construct a circle of radius 6 cm.

Q3. Draw a circle of radius 3 cm. Take two points
Step (ii) Join PO and bisect it. Let M be the mid- at a distance 7 cm from its centre. Draw

FL
point of PO. tangents to the circle from these two points P
Step (iii) Taking M as centre and MO as radius, and Q.
draw a circle. Let it intersect the given
circle at the points Q and R.
C A
R
Step (iv) Join PQ and PR. PQ and PR are the
required two tangents. Q
N M
P

Step (v) By measuring PQ = PR = 8 cm. O

E
D B

Q2. Construct a tangent to a circle of a radius 4

Sol. Steps of Constructon :
IT

cm from a point on the concentric circle of

radius 6 cm and measure its length. Also Step (i) Bisect PQ. Let M be the mid-point of PO.
verify the measurement by actual calculation. Step (ii) Taking M as centre and MO as radius,
draw a circle which intersect the given
Sol. Steps of construction :
P

circle at the points A and BG.

Step (i) Join PQ and bisect it. Let M be the mid-
Step (iii) Join PA and PB. Now, PA and PB are the
point of PO.
required two tangents.
JU

Step (ii) Taking M as centre and MO as radius, Step (iv) Bisect QO. Let N be the mid-point of QO.
draw a circle. Let it intersect the given Step (v) Taking N as centre and NO as radius,
circle at the point Q and R. draw a circle. Let it intersect the given
circle at the points C and D.
Step (vi) Join QC and QD. Then QC and QD are
Q
the required two tangents.
O M P

R
Q4. Draw a pair of tangents to a circle of radius 5
cm which are inclined to each other at an angle
of 600 .
Step (iii) Join PQ. By measurement PQ = 4.5 cm Sol. Steps of Construction :
Then PQ is the required tangent. Step (i) Draw a circle with radius 5 cm.
By actual calculation, Step (ii) Join radius OA make AOB=1200

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 A through B, C, D is drawn. Construct the
tangents from A on this circle.
P
0
60 1200 Sol. Steps of construction :

X
B A
X

Step (iii) At A and B draw two perpendicular. D

O

Step (iv) Let both  ' s intersect eachother at P.. 90 0

0
E
90 900

Step (v) PA and PB are the required tangent and

X
B C
APB=600 . 8 cm M O

IX
Reason :
As AOB=1200 , PAO=900
PBO=900 Step (i) Draw BC = 8 cm at B make right angle
 APB = 600 (By angle sum property

FL
XBC
of a quadrilateral.
Step (ii) Make CU + AB = 6 cm from ray BX and
Q5. Draw a line segment AB of length 8 cm. join AC.
Taking A as centre, draw a circle of radius 4 Step (iii) Now ABC is the required right triangle
cm and taking B as centre, draw another ABC
R
circle of radius 3 cm. Construct tangents to Step (iv) Draw BD  from B to on AC.
each circle from the centre of the other circle. Step (v) Draw right bisector of line segment BC.
Sol. Steps of construction :
E
Let it intersect BC at M.
Step (vi) Consider M as centre and OB as radius
R
C P draw a circle passes through B, D.
IT 3cm
4cm

M Step (vii) Join AM and Bisect it let bisector

A B
8cm intersect AM at O.
P Q Step (viii) Consider O as centre and OA as radius
P

S
draw a circle. Let this circle intersect
previous circle at point B and E.
Step (i) Draw a line segment AB = 8 cm.
Step (ix) Join AB and AE, AB and AE are the
JU

Step (ii) Draw a circle with centre A and radius 4

required.
cm. Draw another circle with centre B
and radius 3 cm.
Step (iii) Draw right bisecter of line segment AB Q7. Draw a circle with the help of a bangle. Take
intersecting AB at M. a point outside the circle. Construct the pair
of tangents from this point to the circle.
Step (iv) Taking M as centre and AM as radius
draw a circle which intersects the circles Step (i) Consider three points O, C and E on the
at P, Q, R and S. given circle.

Step (v) Join AP, AQ, BR and BS. These are

required tangents.
Q6. Let ABC be a right triangle in which AB =
6cm., BC = 8 cm and B = 900 . BD is the
perpendicular from B on AC. The circle

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 m

C E

O E

l B A

D
F

Step (ii) Join DC and CE and draw right bisect of

IX
CD and CE. Let us name it l and m
intersecting each other at O. O is the
required centre of the given circle.
Step (iii) Consider any point P out side the circle

FL
and join PO.
Step (iv) Draw right bisector of PO. Let us name
it intersecting PO at M.
Step (v) Consider M as centre and PM as radius
draw a circle. Let this circle intersect the
R
circle draw with the help of Bangle at
points B and A.
E
Step (vi) Join PA and PB, PA and PB are the
required Tangents.
IT
P
JU

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 CHAPTER : 12 – AREA RELATED TO CIRCLES
NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q1. The radii of two circles are 19cm and 9cm archery target marked with its five scoring
respectively. Find the radius of the circle, areas from the can be out words as gold, red
which has circumference, equal to the sum blue and white. The diameter of the region
of the circumferences of the two circles. representing Gold score is 21cm and each
Sol. Let r be the radius of bigger circle whose of the other bonds is 10.5 cm wide. Find the
circumference is equal to the sum of the area of each of the fire scoring regions.
circumference of two circles of radius 19cm and

IX
9cm.
According to question condition
2r = 2r1  2r2

FL
 2r = 2 × 19 + 2 × 9
 2r = 2 × (19 + 9) Sol Let the radii of gold, red, blue, black and white
 2r = 2 × 28 regions be r1, r2, r3, r4 and r5 respectively, then
 r = 28cm Ans 21
R
r1 = = 10.5 cm
Area of the bigger cirlce = r 2 2

22 r2 = 10.5 + 10.5 = 21
=  28  28
E
7
r3 = 21 + 10.5 = 31.5 cm
= 2464 cm2. Ans.
r4 = 31.5 + 10.5 = 42 cm
IT

Q2. The radii of two circles are 8cm and 6cm

r5 = 42 + 10.5 = 52.5 cm
respectively. Find the radius of the circle
Scoring Area of Gold portion,
having area equal to the sum of the area of
A1 = r12 = 3.14 × 10.53
P

the two circles.

= 346.5 cm2.
Scoring Area of Red portion,
JU

A 2 = ( r22  r12 )
= 3.14(212 – 10.52)
Sol. Let the radius of the biggest circle = r cm = 1039.5 cm2.
According to question condition, Scoring Area of Blue portion,

r 2 = r12  r22 A 3 = ( r32  r22 )

2
= 3.14(31.52 – 212)
r =  × 8 +  × 6
2 2
= 1732.5 cm2.
2
r =  (8 + 6 )
2 2
Scoring Area of Black portion,
 r 2 = 82 + 6 2
2 2
2 A 4 = ( r4  r3 )
r = 64 + 36 = 100
 r = 10 cm Ans = 3.14(422 – 31.52)

Q3. In the given depicts figure, depicts an = 2425.5 cm2.

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 Scoring Area of White portion, 2r
 r= =2 Ans
( r52  r42 ) r
A5 =
= 3.14(52.52 – 422)
= 3118.5 cm2. Ans

Q4. The wheels of a car are of diameter 80cm

each. How many complete revolutions does
each wheel make in 10 minutes, when the
car is travelling at a speed of 66 km per hour.

IX
Sol. Diameter of wheel = 80cm
 Radius of wheel = 40cm
Time = 10 min = 10 / 60 Hr

FL
Distance travelled in one revolution = 2r

= 2 × 40 = 80 cm

= 80 ×3.14 = 251.20 cm
R
Distance travelled in 10 minutes is given by
Distance = Speed × Time

10
E
= 66  = 11 kms
60

= 11×105 cm 1km=105 m 
IT

Required no. of revolution is given by

Distance travelled in 10 min

=
P

Distance travelled in one revolution

11 105
 = = 4375 revolution
251.20
JU

Ans : Required number of revolutions are 4375

Q5. Tick the correct answers in the following: “If

the perimeter and the area of a circle are
numerically equal, then the radius of circles:

(a) 2 units (b) 11 units

(c) 4 units (d) 7 units

Sol. (a) 2 units

Reasons :
2r = r 2

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 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
Q1. Find the area of a sector of a circle, with radius
6cm and of angle of 60°.
Sol. r = 6 cm,  = 60o

cm
0
90

10
 A B
Area of sector =  r 2
360
Sol. (a) Area of minor segment
=
60
 3.14  6  6 F r   1 r
2
I
360
= 18.84 cm2. Ans
= GH 360 2 2
sin  JK
.  102  90
314 1
b g

IX
2
Q2. Tick the correct answer in the following : =  10  sin 90
360 2
Area of sector of a circle with radius R and of
= 78.5 – 50
angle  is
= 28.5 cm2. Ans

FL
p p
(a)  2 R (b)  2 R 2 (b) Area of major segment
180 180
=Area of circle – Area of minor segment
p p
(c)  2R (d)  2R 2
360 720 =  r2 – 28.5
p = 3.14 × (10)2 – 28.5
 2R 2
R
Sol. (d)
720
= 3.14 × 100 – 28.5
= 314 – 28.5
Q3. The length of the minute hand of a clock is
E
= 285.5 cm2 Ans
14cm. Find the area swept by minute hand in
five minute.
Q5. In a circle of radius 21cm, an arc subtends
IT

Sol. In 60 minutes, the angle covered = 360°.

an angle of 60° at the centre. Find
 In one minute the angle covered
(i) Length of the arc
360
P

= = 6° (ii) Area of the sector formed by the arc

60
Angle subtended by minute needle at the (iii) Area of segment formed by the
corresponding chord.
JU

centre in 5 minute = 5 × 6 = 30o

Also radius = Length of minute hand
= 14 cm
Area swept by minute needle in 5 minute

 r 2  30o 22
= = o
  14  14
360 360 7

= 51.3 cm2. Ans Sol. (i) r = 21 cm,  = 60o

Q4. A chord of circle of radius 10cm subtends a 

Length of arc AYB =  2 r
360
right angle at the centre. Find the area of
60o 1 22
(a) minor segment (b) major segment = o
 2r =  2   21 = 22 cm
360 6 7

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 (ii) Area of sector formed by the arc = 707.14 – 21.474
 60 22 = 685.66 cm2. Ans
=  r 2 =   21  21
360 360 7
= 231 cm2. Ans Q7. A chord of a circle of radius 12cm
(iii) Area of minor segment is given by subtends an angle of 120° at the centre. Find
r 2  1 2 22 21  21  60 the area of the corresponding segment of
=  r sin  = 
360 2 7 360 the circle.


1
2
b g
2
21  sin 60o

= 231 – 190.953

IX
12 cm

= 40.04 cm2 Ans

Q6. A chord of circle of radius 15cm, subtends an

FL
Sol. In AOB, OL  AB
angle of 60° at the centre. Find the areas of
In AOL, and OLB
the corresponding minor and major segments
OA = OB (radii of same circle)
of the circle.
OL = OL (common)
R
 OLA = OLB (90o each)
 OLA  OLB (RHS only)
E
 AOL = BOL = 60o (By c.p.c.t)
In rt OLA
IT

Sol. Area of minor segment AYBA

AL 3 AL
2 sin 60° = = =
r  1 2 OA 2 12
=  r sin 
360 2 2 AL = 12 3 = AL = 6 3

P

=
22 21  21  60 1
7

360 2
2
b g
 15  sin 60o  AB = 2 AL
(  from centre to the chord bisect the chord)
22 22  60 1 3
JU

=    225  AB = 2 × 6 3 = 12 3
7 360 2 2
Again inn rt OAL
=117.86 – 96.126
=21.474 cm2 Ans OL 1 OL
cos 60° =  =
OA 2 12
OL = 6 cm
(ii) Area of major segment
Area of segment AMBA
= Area of cicle – Area of minor segment
= Area of sec. OAMB – Area of OAB
=  r2 – 21.474
 r 2 1
=
22
7
b g
2
 15  21474
.
=
360 2
  AB  OL

120o 2 1
22  225 = r  12 3  6
=  21.474 360o 2
7

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 =
1 22

3 7
b g
2
 12  6 3  6 Q9. A brooch is made with silver wire. If the
diameter of the circle is 35 mm. The wire is
= 150.857 – 62.35
also. Used in making 5 diameter which
= 88.507 cm2 Ans
divided the circle into 10 equal sectors. Find
(i) total length of the required silver wire.
Q8. A horse is tied to a pole at one-corner of a
(ii) area of each sector of the brooch.
square grass field of side 15m by means of
5m long rope. Find
(i) the area of the part of the field in which

IX
the horse can graze.
(ii) the increase in the grazing area of the
rope wire 10m long instead of 5m.
360
(Use  = 3.14) Sol. Central angle of each sector = = 36°

FL
10
Diameter of circle = 35 cm
C A O
35
Radius of circle =
2
B
D
R
(i) Total length of the wire
= Circumference + Length of 5 diamater
Sol. Since field is in the shape of square =2r + 5 × 2r
E
 each vertices angle is equal to 90o = 2
22 35
  10 
35
7 2 2
(i) Area of field grazed by horse when length
IT

= 285 mm Ans
of rope is 5 m is given by
(ii) Area of sec. of each brooch is given by

Area of sector OBA = .r 2
360 
=  r 2
P

360
90
=  3.14  5  5
360 36o 22 35 35
= o
  
A1 = 19.62 m2. Ans 360 7 2 2
JU

385
(ii) Area of field grazed by horse when length = mm 2 = 96.25 mm2 Ans
4
of rope is 10 m is given by

Area of new sector OCD =  r 2 Q10. An umbrella has 8 ribs, which are equally
360
90 spaced, assuming umbrella to be a flat circle
=  3.14  10  10
360 of radius 45cm. Find the area between two
2
A2 = 78.5 m . Ans consecutive ribs of the umbrella.
Increase in the area ABCD is given by 360
Sol. Angle between two ribs = = 45°
= A2 – A1 8
Radius of each sector = radius of circle
= 78.5 – 19.625 = 45 cm
= 58.875 cm2. Ans

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 Q12. To Warn ships of under water rocks, a light

house throws a red coloured light over a

sector of 80° angle to a distance of 16.5km.

Find the area of the sea over which the ships

Area between two consecutive ribs area warned.

 Sol. = 80° and r = 16.5 km
= Area of sector OAB = .r 2
360 O
45 22
=   45  45
360 7

IX
A B
44550
= cm2.
56
Area of sea over which the ship’s area is warned
= 795.535 cm2. Ans
= Area of sector OAB

FL
Q11. A car has two wipers which do not overlap. 
=  r 2
360
Each wiper has a blade fo length 25 cm
sweeping through an angle of 115°. Find the 80o
=  314
.  16.5  16.5
360o
total area cleaned at each sweep of the blade.
R
= 189.97 km2. Ans
Sol. Length of wire act as a radius of sector
 Radius of sector = 25 cm Q13. Tick the correct answer in the following :
E
o
and sector angle  = 115
Area of sector of angle P of a circle radius
R is
IT

A B
p p
(A)  2R (B)  2 R 2
180 180
O
p p
P

(C)  2 R (D)  2 R 2
360 720
Area of each sweep for each wiper
= Area of sector OAB Sol. Correct answer is D.
JU


= .r 2 Q14. A round table corner has six equal designs
360
115 as shown in fig., if the radius of the corner is
=  3.14  25  25
360 28 cm, find the cost of making the designs
158125 at the r ate of Rs. 0.35 per / m2.
= cm2
252
 Total area sweep by both wiper (use 3 = 1.7)
2  158125
=
252
O
158125 2 cm
= cm 28 60o
(

126
A
= 1254.96 cm2 Ans
X
B
Sol. Radius of circle = 28 cm

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Angle subtend by each design at the centre is given
360
by = = 60o
6
Area of each design = Area of sector OAXB
– Area of AOB

 r 2 1 2
=  r sin 60o
360 2

= 
b g
22 28  60 1
2
2
  28 
3
b g
7 360 2 2

IX
22 28  28  60 1 3
=    28  28 
7 360 2 2
= 410.66 – 333.2 = 77.46 cm2

FL
Cost of making one design
= 77.46 × 0.35 = Rs. 27.11
Cost of making six designs = 6 × 27.11
= Rs. 162.68 Ans
R
E
IT
P
JU

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 NCERT EXERCISE – 3
Q1. Find the area of the shaded region if PQ are 7cm and 14cm respectively and AOC
= 24cm, PR = 7cm and 0 is the centre of the = 40°.
circle.

Sol. As PQ is a diameter QPR = 90°

(angle in semi - circular is right angle)

1
 Area of PQR = × PR × PQ
2
Sol. Radius OB (r1) = 7 cm
1

IX
A1 = × 24 × 7 = 84 cm2
2 Radius OA (r2) = 14 cm

AOC = 40o = 

Area of shaded region = Area of sector OAC

FL
– Area of sector OBD

r22  r12 
= 
360 360
In right PQR, By Pythagores Theorem
R
 2 2
QR2 = RP2 + PQ2 A= r2  r1
360
QR = PR 2  PQ 2 40 22 2
 (14  7 2 )
E
=
360 7
= 242  7 2 = 25cm 1 22
=  (14  7)(14  7)
9 7
IT

25
 radius, r = = 12.5 cm 1 22
2 =   21  7
9 7
1 2
Area of semicircle = .r 154
2
P

= cm2
3
1 22
A2 =   12.5  12.5 = 51.3 cm2. Ans
2 7
JU

68.75
= cm2 Q3. Find the area of the shaded region in adja-
28
 Required area = A2 – A1 cent figure, if ABCD is a square of side 14cm

6875 and APC and BPD are semicircles.

=  84
28

FG 6875  2352 IJ
= H 28 K
4523
= cm2
28 14
Sol. Radius of semicircle (r) = = 7cm
Q2. Find the area of the shaded region where the 2

radii of two concentric circles with centre O Side of square (x) = 14cm

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Required area Find the remaining area of square.
= Area of square ABCD – 2 × (Area of Sol. Side of square (x) = 4cm
semi - circle) 2
Radius of a quadrant of the circle = = 1cm
2
= Area of square ABCD – (Area of one
circle) A B

( two semi - circle is equal to one circle)

= x2 – r2
22 D C
= 14  14  77
7

IX
= 196 – 154 = 42cm2. Ans Required area

= Area of square – 4(area of a quadrant of

Q4. Find the area of the shaded region where the radis 1cm) – (Area of circle of radius 1cm)

FL
circular arc of radius 6cm has been drawn, = x × x – 2 (Area of circle of radius 1cm)
with vertex 0 of an equilateral triangle OAB
[ 4 quadr. of circle with radius 1 cm give One
of side 12cm as centre.
complete circle of radius 1 cm]
Sol. As AOB is an equilateral triangle each
= 4 × 4 – 2r2
R
o
vertex angle is 60
= 16 – 2 × 3.14 × 12

= 16 – 6.28
E
O
= 9.72 cm2. Ans
(
cm

o
60
6

IT

C D
Q6. In a circular table covers of radius 32cm a
A B
12 cm design is formed leaving an equilateral
P

Required area = Area of circle + Area of equilat- traingle ABC in the middle. Find the aera of

eral triangle – Area of sector OCD. the design (shaded area).

JU

3 2 60
= r 2  a  .r 2
4 360
22 3 1 22
=  66   12  12   × 62
7 4 6 7
L 792 36 3 132 O D

= M 7  1  7 P
N Q Sol. ABC is an equilateral triangle. Let AD  BC. O

 660  2 is the point of intersection of three medians.

=  7  36 3  cm Ans
 
 AO : OD = 2 : 1

Q5. From each corner of a square of side 4cm, a (centroid divide median in the ratio of 2 : 1)

quadrant of radius 1cm is cut and also a circle 32 2

= 
of diameter 2cm is cut in the middle. OD 1

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 = OD = 16 cm Sol.  side of square = 14 cm

AD = AO + OD  radius of quadrant = 7 cm

AD = 32 + 16 = 48 cm Required area

OB = OA = OC = r (32 m each) = Area of square – 4 × Area of one quadrant

F r I 2

= side – 4 G
H 4 JK = (side)
(Radius of same circle) 2 2
–  r2
In right  OBD, By pythagoras theorem
1 22
OB2 = OD2 + BD2 = 14  14  4   .  7  7 
4 7 
(32)2= (16)2 + BD2

IX
= 42 cm2 Ans
2
1024= 256 + BD
= 1024 – 256 = BD2
Q8. In figure, depicts a racing track whose left
= 768 = BD2  BD = 16 3 cm
and right ends are semicircular.

FL
BC = 2 BD
S R
(  from centre to the chord bisect the chord)
D C
BC = 2 × 16 3 cm = 32 3 cm
Required Area = Area of circle – Area of ABC
R
=  r2 – Area of ABC
A B
22
=  32  32 – Area of ABC
7
E
P Q
22528 1
= – × BC × AD
7 2 The distance betweeen the two linear
IT

22528 1 parallel line segemnts is 60m and they are

=   32 3  48
7 2 each 106m long, the track is 10m wide.
FG 22528  768 3IJ cm Find
= H 7 K 2
P

(i) the distance around the track, along

22528 its inner edge.
=  768 3 Ans
7
JU

(ii) the area of the track.

Sol. (i) The distance around its inner edge

Q7. In the adjacent figure ABCD is a square of
=AB + CD + 2 (Perimeter of two semi
side 14cm, with centre A, B,C and D four
cirlces are drawn such that each circle touch circles ith radius 30 m

externally two of the remaining three circles. = 106 + 106 + 2(r)

Find the area of the shaded region. 22
= 106  106  2   30
7

1320 1480 1320

= 212  
7 7
2804
= = 400 400 7 Ans
7

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 S 106 m R as centre, is drawn with radius equal to half
10 m the length of the sides of triangle. Find the
A B
area of the shaded region. ( 3 = 1.73205)
P Q

(ii) Area of track

= Area of rectangle APQB + Area of
rectangle RSDC + Area of one ring
= 2 Area of rectangle APQB + Area of ring
Sol.  ABC is an equilateral triangle,

= 2l × b × ( r12  r22 )  A = B = C = 60o (each)

IX
= 2lb + (402 – 302) 3 2
Area of equilateral triangle = a
4
22
= 2  106  10   700 According to question condition
7

FL
= 2120 + 2200 = 4320 m2. 3 2
 a = 17320.5
4

Q9. In the adjacent figure, AB and CD are the 4

a2 =  17320.5
3
two diameters of a circle (with centre O) per-
R
pendicular to each other and OD is the di- 4  17320.5
a2 =
17320
. .5
ameter of smaller circle. If OA = 7cm, find
4  173205  10000
E
the area of the shaded region. a2 =
173205
B a2 = 40000
IT

a= 40000 = 200
D O C
Radius of the circle is equal to the half of the
P

length of the side of triangle .

A
 Radius of circle = 100 cm
Sol. Required area
JU

Required area
= Area of cicle with diamater 7 cm + [Area
= Area of ABC– 3(Area of one sector)
of semi circle of OBCA – Area of ABC]
F r  I
2

2 1 2 1
=  r1   r2  AB  OC
= 17320.5  3  GH 360 JK
2 2

7 7  2 1
=      7   14  7 = 17320.5 – 3 ×
.  100  60
314 b g 2

2 2 2 2 360

= 38.5 + 77 – 49 = 17320.5 – 15700

= 66.5 cm2 Ans = 1620.5 cm2 Ans

Q10. The area of an equilateral triangle ABC is Q11. On a square handkerchief, nine circular de-
17320.5 cm2 with each vertex of the triangle signs of each of radius 7cm are made. Find

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 the area of the remaining portion of handker- r 2 1
=   OA  OD
4 2
chief.

A B =
22 35

. b g 2


4
 35
. 2
7 4 2

77 1
=   3.5  2
8 2

77 7 49 2
=  = cm
8 2 8
D C
= 6.125 cm2 Ans
Sol. Diamater of each circular design

IX
Q13. In the adjacent figure, a square OABC is in-
= 2 × 7 = 14 cm
scribed in a quadrant OPBR. If OA = 20cm.
Diamater of 3 circular design Find the area of the shaded region.

FL
= 3 × 14 = 42 cm

side of square = 42 cm
from the fig., it is clear that the diamater of 3 cir-
cular design is equal to the side of square.
R
Area of remaining portion

= Area of square of ABCD – Area of Sol. Diagonal OB = OA 2  AB2

E
nine circular design = 20 2  20 2
= (side)2 – 9(r2)
= 400  400 =
IT

800
22
= 42 × 42 – 9 × ×7×7 = 20 2 cm
7
Diagonal of a square is equal to the radius of quad-
= 1764 – 1386 = 378 cm2 Ans
P

rant , r = 20 2 cm

Q12. In the adjacent figure, OACB is a quadrant  Radius of quadrant OPBR = 20 2 cm

JU

Required area
of a circle with centre O and radius 3.5cm. If
= Area of quadrant – Area of square
OD = 2cm, find the area of (i) quadrant OACB
(ii) shaded area.
=
 r2
b g 2
 side =  
20 2e j 2

 20  20
4 4
B
C
800
D . 
= 314  400
4
= 628 – 400 = 228 cm2. Ans

Q14. AB and CD are regions of two concentric

Sol. (i) Radius of Quadrant = 3.5 cm
circles of radius 21cm and 7cm and centre
Area of shaded region
= Area of quadrant – Area of OAD O. If AOB = 30°. Find the area of the
shaded region.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  r2 1
X =   BC  AB
4 2

22 14  14 1
X =    14  14
7 4 2
X = 154 – 48 = 56 cm2 (i)
o
Sol. Sector Angle = 30
Area of shaded region
Radius of sector OAB (r1) = 21 cm
Radius of sector OCD (r2) = 7 cm = Area of semi - circle AQCA – Area of
= 30°, r1  21cm , r2  7cm region X
Required area

IX
= area of sector OAB – Area of sector OCD =
1
2
 r2 – 56 =
1 22

2 7
e j
 7 2
2
 56

=
 r12   r22 
360

360
=
360
d
 2 2
r1  r2 i =
1 22
  98  56
2 7

FL
=
30
( r 2  r22 ) =
360 1
1 22 2

12 7
d
21  7 2 i = 154 – 56 = 98 cm2 Ans

=
1 22

12 7
b gb
21  7 21  7 g Q16. Calculate the area of the shaded region com-
R
mon between the two quadrants of circle of
1 22
=   28  14 = 102.67 cm2 Ans radius 8cm each.
12 7
E
Q15. ABCP is a quadrant of a circle of radius 14cm.
With AC as diameter, a semicircle is drawn.
IT

Find the area of shaded portion.

Sol. In rightABC, By Pythagoras theorem

P

AC2 = AB2 + BC2 Sol. Required area

(Using Pythagoras Theorem) = [Area of sector ABED – Area of ABD]

JU

AC = 14 2  14 2 = 14 2 + [Area of sector CDFB – BCD]

Radius of semi circle AQCA = 2 area of sector ABED – 2 area of  ABD

 Both sector and both triangles are same
AC 14 2
= = = 7 2 cm therefore their areas are equal
2 2
= 2[ar of sector ABED – ar of ABD]

  2 1 
= 2  360  r  2 AB.AD 
 

 90 22 1 
= 2  360  7  8  8  2  8  8
 
Area of region APCA is given by
LM 352  32 OP
= Area of quadrant APCB – Area of  ABC
= 2
N 7 1Q
SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846
 LM 352  224 OP = 256 cm 2
A B
= 2
N 7 Q 7 Ans

SOLVED EXAMPLES
D C
Ex.4 In fig., two circular flower beds have been
shown on two sides of a square lawn ABCD Sol. Area of square ABCD
of side 56 m. If the centre of each circular = 14 × 14 cm2 = 196 cm2
flower bed is the point of intersection O of

IX
14
the diagonals of the square lawn, find the sum Diamater of each circle = cm = 7 cm
2
of the areas of the lawn and the flower beds. 7
So, Radius of each circle = cm
Sol. 2

FL
So, area of one circle
22 7 7 2
A B = r2 =   cm
7 2 2

O 56 cm 154 77
cm2
R
= cm =
4 2
D C Therefore, area of the four circles
E
77
=4× cm2 = 154 cm2
2
Total Area is given by
Hence, area of the shaded region
IT

= Area of sector OAB + Area of sector

= (196 – 154) cm2 = 42 cm2
ODC + Area of  OAD + Area of  OBC

FG 90  22  28  56  90  22 × 28 × 56 +
H 360 7
P

=
360 7

1 1 I
 56  56   56  56J m
K 2
JU

4 4

1 22 22 FG IJ
=
4
 28  56
7

7 H
 2  2 m2
K
=
7  56
7
b
22  22  14  14 m2 g
= 56 × 72 m2

= 4032 m2 Ans

Ex.5 Find the area of the shaded region in the fig.,

where ABCD is a square of side 14 cm.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 CHAPTER : 13 – SURFACE, AREA & VOLUME
NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q1. 2 cubes each of volume 64 cm3 are joined  22   2
=   2  7  7  (7  6)  cm
end to end. Find the surface area of the re-   
sulting cuboid. = (44  13) cm 2 = 572cm
2

Sol. Let ‘a’ be the length of a side of a cube.Then Ans : 572 cm2
Volume of one cube = 64cm3
 a3 = 64 cm3 Q3. A toy is in the form of a cone of radius 3.5cm
 a = 4cm mounted on a hemisphere of same radius.
The total height of the toy is 15.5cm. Find

IX
the total surface area of the toy.
Sol. Let r cm be the radius, h cm be the height and l
On joining the cubes, a cuboild is formed. Then cm be the slant height of the cone, then
the length of the resulting cuboid (l) = 2  4  8cm

FL
The breadth of the resulting cuboid (b) = 4 cm
The height of the resulting cuboid (h) = 4 cm
Now, Surface area of the resulting cuboid
= 2  h  bh  h 
R
= 2  8  4  4  4  8 4 
= 2  32  16  32 
= 2  80   160cm 2 Ans : 160 cm2
E
Q2. A vessel is in the form of a hollow hemi-
sphere mounted by a hollow cylinder. The
IT

diameter of the hemisphere is 14cm and the r = 3.5cm and h = (15.5 – 3.5)cm = 12cm
total height of the vessel is 13cm. Find the
Now, l = r 2  h 2  l = (3.5)2  (12) 2
inner surface area of the vessel.
P

 = 12.25  144   = 156.25  12.5cm

Now,
JU

The total surface area of the toy

= CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cone
2
= 2r  r
= r[2r  ]
22
Sol. Let r cm be the radius of the cylinder and h cm =  3.5[2  3.5  12.5]
7
be the height of the cylinder, then
2
r =7 cm and h = (13 – 7) cm = 6 cm = [11(7  12.5)]cm
the inner curved surface area of the vessel = 2
= [11  19.5]cm
C.S.A of hemisphere + C.S.A of cylinder
= (2r 2  2 rh)cm 2 = 214.5cm 2
= [2r(r  h)]cm 2 Ans : 214.5 cm2
Q4. A cubical block of side 7cm is surmounted

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 by a hemisphere. What is the greatest di-  Greatest diamter of Hemisphere = 
ameter the hemisphere can have ? Find  Radius of Hemisphere = /2
the surface area of the solid.
l l/2 l/2

3.5cm l
3.5cm 3.5cm 2
l

7 cm

IX
7 cm

7 cm l

Required surface area of the solid is given by

Sol. Let a be the length of an edge of the cube. = Surface area of the cubical wooden block

FL
Then a = 7cm – area of the base of the hemi sphere
Greatest diameter of the hemisphere + curved surface area of the hemisphere
= Length of an edge of the cube = 7cm
= 6x 2  r 2  2r 2
 Diameter of the hemisphere = 7 cm
2 2
= 6x  r
R
 Radius of the Hemisphere = 7/2 cm
2
Total surface area of the solid is given by 2 
= 6x  r  
= Surface area of the cube + curved 2
E
surface area of the hemisphere – base 2  2 2  2
= 6   Ans : 6  
area of the hemisphere 4 4
IT

2 2 2
= 6x  2r  r
= 6x 2  r 2 Q6. A medicine capsule is in the shape of a cyl-
2 inder with two hemispheres stuck to each
2 22  7 
= 6  7    of its ends (see figure). The length of the
P

7 2 entire capsule is 14mm and the diameter of

22 49 th capsule is 5mm. Find its surface area.
= 6  49  
7 4
JU

22  7
= 294 
4
= 294  38.5
Ans : 332.5 cm2 Sol.  Diameter of capsule = 5 mm
Q5. A hemispherical depression is cut out from Radius of the hemisphere, = 2.5mm
one face of a cubical wooden block such that  Radius of the cylindrical part = 2.5 mm and
the diameter  of the hemisphere is equal height of the cylindrical part
to the edge of the cube. Determine the sur- h = 14  2.5  2   h = (14 – 5) mm = 9 mm
face area of the remaining solid. Now,
Sol. It is given that, Edge of the cube =  Surface Area of Capsule is given by
Now, the greatest diameter of hemisphere
= CSA of cylinder + CSA of two hemisphere
= length of an edge of the cube =  ends

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 = 2rh  2(2r 2 ) mm2  44  2
=   7  m = 44 m2
= (2rh  4r 2 )mm 2  7 

= (2rh  4r 2 )mm 2 and Cost of the canvas of the tent

= 2r  h  2r  = Rs. (500 × 44)

= Rs. 22,000
22
= 2  2.5 9  2  2.5 Ans : Rs. 22,000
7
22 Q8. From a solid cylinder whose height is 2.4cm
= 2  2.5  14
7 and diameter 1.4cm, a conical cavity of the
= (44  2.5  2) mm 2 same height and same diameter is hollowed

IX
= 220 mm 2 Ans : 220mm2 out. Find the total height area of the re-
maining solid to the nearest cm2 .
Q7. A tent is in the shape of a cylinder sur-
mounted by a conical top. If the height and O
diameter of the cylindrical part are 2.1m

FL
and 4m respectivley, and the slant height h
of the top is 2.8m, find the area of the can-
vas used for making the tent. Also, find the A
r
B
cost of the tent at rate Rs. 5.00 per m2(Note
that the base of the tent will not be covered
R
Sol. Let r cm be the radius h cm be the height of the
with canvas). cylinder, then r = 0.7cm and h = 2.4cm
In this problem heriant and radius of cone will
E
be same  h = 2.4 cm and r = 0.7 cm

Now, = r2  h2
IT

= (0.7) 2  (2.4)2

= 0.49  5.76
P

Sol. Let r m be the radius and m be the slant eight = 6.25 = 2.5cm
of the cone, then r = 2m, and = 2.8m
Now,
JU

Let r m be the radius and h m be the height of

the cylinder, then r = 2cm and h = 2.1m Total surface area of the remaining solid
Area of the canvas used to make Tent = (C.S.A of cylinder) + (C.S.A
= CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder of cone) + (area of upper
base of the cylinder)
= r  2 rh
2
= r(  2h)m 2 = 2rh  r  r
= r  2h    r 
 22  2
=   2{2.8  2(2.1)} m
7  22
=  0.7  2  2.4  2.5  0.7
7
 44  2
=  (2.8  4.2)  m
 7  = 2.2  4.8  2.5  0.7 

= 2.2  8   17.6 cm
2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 = 17.6 cm2 Ans : 17.6
2
cm

Q9. A wooden article was made by scooping

out a hemisphere from each end of a solid
cylinder, as shown in figure. If the height
of the cylinder is 10cm, and its base is of
radius 3.5cm, find the total surface area of
the article.

IX
FL
R
Sol. Let r cm be the radius and and h cm be the
height of cylinder, then r = .35cm and h = 10cm
E
In the case radius of the Hemisphere is equal
to the radius of cylinder i.e. 3.5 cm.
Total Surface area of the article is given by
IT

= Curved Surface Area of

the cylinder + 2(Curved
Surface area of hemi-
P

sphere)

= 2rh  2(2r 2 )
JU

= 2 rh  4r 2

= 2rh  4r 2

= [2r(h  2r)] cm 2
= [(2 × 22/7 × 3.5) (10 +
2 × 3.5)] cm2

 22  2
=  2   3.5 17  cm
 7 
= 374 cm2. Ans : 374 cm2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
Q1. A solid is in the shape of a cone standing on Sol. Let r cm be the radius and h1 cm be the height
a hemisphere with both their radii being of a cone, then, r = 1.5cm, and h = 2cm  It is a
equal to 1cm and the height of the cone is
composed fig  radius of cylinderical part is also
equal to its radius. Find the volume of the
1.5 cm.
solid in terms of .
Sol. Let r cm be the radius of the hemisphere, then r Height of the cyclinderical portion h2 is given by
= 1cm. So radius of cone is also 1 cm. h2 = 12 – 2 × 2 = 12 – 4 = 8 cm
Hence, the volume of air contained in the model
that Rachel made is given by

IX
= Vol. of cylindrical part +

Vol. of two conical part

2 1 2

FL
= r h2  2  r h1
3
Now, Volume of solid
2 2 
= Vol. of hemisphere +Vol. of cone = r  h2  h1 
 3 
2 3 1 2
= r  R h
R
22  2 
3 3 =  1.52  8   2 
7  3 
1 2
= r  2r  h 
3
E
22  4
=  2.25  8  
1 2 7  3
= r  2 1  1
3 = 66 cm3 Ans : 66 cm3
IT

1
=   1 3
3 Q3. A gulab jamun, contains sugar syrup up to
1 about 30% of its volume. Find approxi-
=  3   Ans :  cm3
P

3 mately how much syrup would be found in

Q2. Rachel, an engineering student, was asked 45 gulab jamuns, each shaped like a cylin-
to make a model shaped like a cylinder der with two hemispherical ends with length
JU

with two cones attached at its two ends by 5cm and diameter 2.8cm (see figure).
using a thin aluminium sheet. The diam-
eter of the model is 3cm and its length is
12cm. If each cone has a height of 2cm,
find the volume of air contained in the model
that Rachel made. (Assume the outer and
inner dimensions of the model to be nearly
the same).

Sol. Let r cm be the radius of hemispherical part,

then, radius of cylindrical is also r cm  radius
of Hemispher = radius of cylinder = 1.4 cm

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Sol. Let , b and h be respectively the length, breadth
and height of a cuboid, then
= 15cm
b = 10cm
and h = 3.5 cm
Height of the cylinderial part is given by
Let r cm be the radius and h cm be the height of
= 5 – 2 ×1.4
concical part, then r = 0.5cm and h = 1.4cm
= 5 – 2.8
Now,
= 2.2 cm
Hence, the volume of wood in the entire stand
Now,
= Volume of cuboid – (Volume of 4 cone)

IX
Volume of each Gulab Jamun is given by
 1 2 
= Vol. of cylindrical + 2(Vol. of hemi- =    b  h  4  r h 
 3 
spherical part
 4 22 

FL
2 2 3 = 15  10  3.5    0.5  0.5  1.4 
= r h  2  r  3 7 
3
2 4 3 = (525  1.466) cm3 = 523.534 cm 3
= r h  r
3 Ans : 523.53 cm3

2 4 
R
= r  h  r  Q5. A vessel is in the form of an inverted cone.
 3 
Its height is 8cm and the radius of its top,
22 2 4 
=  1.4   2.2   1.4  which is open, is 5cm. It is filled with water
E
7  3 
upto the brim. When lead shots, each of
= 25.05 cm3 which is a sphere of radius 0.5cm are
Volume of syrup found in 45 Gulab Jamuns
IT

dropped into the vessel, one-fourth of the

= 45 × 30% of volume of each Gulab Jamun water flows out. Find the number of lead
shots dropped in the vessel.
 30 
=  45   25.05 cm3 Sol. Let r cm be the radius and h cm be the height of
 100 
P

the cone. Then r = 5cm and h = 8cm.

= 338.175cm3 (app.) Ans : 338.175 cm3
JU

Q4. A pen stand made of wood is in the shape of

a cuboid with four conical depressions to
hold pens. The dimensions of the cuboid are
15cm by 10cm by 3.5cm. The radius of each
of the depressions is 0.5cm and the depth
is 1.4cm. Find the volume of wood in the Now, Volume of water in cone
entire stand. (see figure). 1 2 1 2
= r h =   5   8
3 3
1
=   25  8
3
200  3
= cm
3
Volume of water flows

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 1 r = 8cm
= of the volume of water in cone
4
1 200  3 50  3 B
60 cm

= 4  3 cm  3 cm

Let radius of the lead short (spherical) be R cm.

Then R = 0.5cm
Now, volume of spherical lead shot A

220 cm
4 3 4
= R  (0.5)3
3 3
4 5 5 5

IX
=    24 cm
3 10 10 10
25  3
= cm Total weight (at the rate of 8 gm per 1cm3)
150
Therefore, 111532.8  8

FL
= kg
1000
Required number of lead shots is given by
= 111.5328 × 8 kg
Vol. of water flows out
= Vol. of one lead shot = 892.2624 kg
Ans : 892.2624 kg
50  25 
R
=   100 Ans. 100
3 150 Q7. A solid consisting of a right circular cone of
Q6. A solid iron pole consists of a cylinder of height 120cm and rad ius 60cm standing on
E
height 220cm and base diameter 24cm, a hemisphere of radius 60cm is placed
which is surmounted by another cylinder of upright circular cylinder full of water such
height 60cm and radius 8cm. Find the mass
that it touches the bottom. Find the volume
IT

of the pole, given that 1cm3 of iron has

of water left in the cylinder, if the radius of
approxi- mately 8g mass. [Use  = 3.14]
the cylinder is 60cm and its height is 180cm.
Sol. For cylindrical part A; h = 220cm, r = 12cm.
Sol. Let r cm be the radius and h cm be the height of
P

Volume of cylindrical part A is given by

a cone, then r = 60cm, h = 120cm
=   (12)2  220 cm 3 Volume of solid is given by
3
=  × 144 × 220 cm
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= volume of cone + volume of hemisphere

For cylindrical part B; h = 60cm, r = 8cm.
1 2 2 3 3
Volume of cylindrical part B is given by =  r h  r  cm
3 3 
=   (8)2  60 cm 3 1 2
3 = r  h  2r  cm3
=  × 64 × 60 cm 3
Total volume of I ron pole is given by 1 2
=   60  120  2  60  cm3
= Volume of cylinder A + Volume cylinder B 3
= ( × 144 × 220 +  × 64 × 60) cm3 1
=  602 120  120  cm3
= {144  220  64  60} cm 3 3

= 35520 cm 3 1
=  3600  240cm3
3
= 35520×3.14cm3
= 288000  cm3
= 111532.8 cm 3

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 O Let R cm be the radius and h cm be the height
of cylindrical part R = 2/2 = 1cm, h = 8 cm

Then, Volume of cylinderical part = R 2 h

= (3.14  1  1  8) cm 3

= (25.12) cm3
180 cm

A r = 60 cm B

Quantity of water = (321.4  25.12) cm3

= 346.52cm3
Hence, answer is not correct.
C D

IX
r = 60 cm

2cm
Let R cm be the radius and H cm be the height
of a cylinder, then R = 60cm, H = 180cm 8cm

FL
Now, Volume of Cylinder is given by
D
= R2H = (  60  60  180) cm3
= (   64800) cm 3 = 648000  cm3 8.5 cm

Hence, Volume of water left in the cylinder

R
= Vol. of cylinder – Vol. of solid
= (1648000 – 288000] cm3

 22 
= 360000 cm3 =  360000   cm3
E
 7 
7920000
=  1.131m3
IT

7000000
Ans : 1.131 m3

Q8. A spherical glass vessel has a cylindrical

P

neck 8cm long, 2cm diameter; the diameter

of the spherical part is 8.5cm. By measuring
JU

the amount of water it holds, a child finds

its volume to be 345 cm3. Check whether
she is correct, taking the above as the
inside measurements, and  = 3.14.
Sol. Let r cm be the radius of the spherical glass.
Then r = 8.5 / 2 cm
4 3
Now, Volume of a spherical part = r
3
4 8.5 8.5 8.5  3
=   3.14     cm
3 2 2 2 

 7713.41  3
=  cm = 321.4cm 3
 24 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 3
Q1. A metallic sphere of radius 4.2cm is melted
 r13  r23  r33 = R 3
and recast into the shape of a cylinder of
radius 6cm. Find the height of the cylinder.  63  83  103  R 3
Sol. Let r cm be radius of the sphere. Then r = 4.2cm  216 + 512 + 1000 = R3
Let R cm be the radius and h cm be the height at  R3 =1728  R = 12 cm
the cylinder. Then R = 6cm and h = ? Hence, radius of sphere = 12cm
 Since sphere is recast into the shape of a Ans : 12 cm
cylinder. So, volume remains same
Q3. A 20m deep well with diameter 7m is dug
4 3 and the earth from digging is evenly spread
r = R 2 h

IX
i.e.,
3 out to a platform 22m by 14m. Find the
height of the platform.
Sol. Let r m be the radius and h cm be the height of
the well (cylindrical shape). Then

FL
4.2cm
A

r = 7/2 m and h = 20 m

r = 6cm

D C

4
  4.2  4.2  4.2   6  6  h
R
3 7m 20m
14m

4  4.2  4.2  4.2

h=
6 63
E
A B
22 m
296.352
=  2.74cm
108
IT

Ans : 2.74 cm Let height of the platform be h meter

Q2. Metallic spheres of radii 6cm, 8cm and Now,
10cm, respectivley, are melted to form a
Volume of earth taken from well = volume of
single solid sphere. Find the radius of the
P

platform
resulting sphere.
Sol. Let r1 , r2 and r3 be the radius of metallic
 r2h= l × b × h
spheres, then r1  6cm, r2  8cm, r3  10cm .
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Let R cm be the radius of the single solid sphere. 22 7  7

   20  22  14  h
Since, three metallic spheres are formed from a 7 2 2

single solid sphere, so their volumes are equal. 5

  h  h = 2.5 m
2
Ans : 2.5 m
R Q4. A well of diameter 3m is dugged 14 m deep.
r1 = 6 r2 = 8 The earth taken out of it, has been spread
1 2 3 evenly all around it n the shape of circular
ring, with 4 m to form an embankment. FInd
4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 the height of the embankment.
 r1  r2  r3  R
3 3 3 3 Sol. Let r m be the radius and h cm be the height of
4 3 3 3 4 3 the well (cylindrical shape). Then
 (r1  r2  r3 )  R
3 3

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 r = 1.5m
R = 1.5+4

15 cm
h=? 1.5m 4m
R = 5.5 m

r = 6cm

14 m
Let r cm be the radius and h cm be the height of
D = 3m
a cone, then
Volume of ice cream in one cone is given by

r = 3/2 m and h = 14m

IX
For embankment, D = 12 cm D = 12 cm
r = 6 cm
Inner radius (r) = 1.5 m (is equal to radius of
well) h = 12 cm

FL
Outer radius (R) = 1.5 + 4 = (5.5 m)
Let height of the embankment be H meter
Now Volume of earth taken from well = volume 1 2 2 3 3
=  r h  r  cm
of earth is used to make embankment 3 3 
R
2 2 2

 r h   R  r  H  =
1 2
 r  h  2r  cm3
3
2 2

2
 1.5   14  5.5  1.5  H  1 2
  3 12  2  3 cm3
E
=
 1.5 × 1.5 × 14 = 7 × 4 × H 3
 A 2  B2   A  B  A  B   1
  =  9 12  6  cm3
IT

3
1.5  1.5  14
H= = 1.125 m 1
74 =  9  18cm3  54  cm3
3
Ans : Height of embankment = 1.125 m
Therefore, the required no. of such cones
P

Q5. A container shaped like a right circular Vol. of icecream cylindrical container
cylinder having diameter 12cm and height = Vol. of icecream in one cone
JU

15cm is full of ice-cream. The ice-cream is

540
to be filled into cones of height 12cm and = = 10 Ans : 10 cones
54
diameter 6cm, having a hemispherical shape
on the top. Find the number of such cones Q6. How many silver coins 1.75cm in diameter
which can be filled with ice-cream. and of thickness 2mm, must be melted to
Sol. Let R cm be the radius and H cm be the height form a cuboid of dimensions 5.5 × 10cm ×
of a container, then R = 6cm and H = 15cm 3.5cm ?
Therefore, Vol. of icecream in cylindrical Sol. Let r cm be the radius and h cm be the thickness
container is given by of the silver coin (cylindrical in shape).
2
= R H Then, r = 1.75 / 2 cm
= (   6  6  15) cm3 and h = 2/ 10 = 0.2 cm
Now, volume = r 2 h
= 540  cm3

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  1.75  1.75  Now, Volume of cone
=     0.2
 2  2 

  0.6125  3

h = 24cm
=   cm
 4 
= 0.153125 cm3
r=?
22 3.36875
= 0.153125 × =  2 1
7 7 = r h =  r 2  24
3 3
= 0.478125 cm3
= (8r 2 ) cm3
Let , b and h are respectively the length, breadth
Since sand of bucket is emptied on the ground
and height of the cuboid.Then

IX
and a conical heap of sand is formed. So, volume
= 5.5cm, b = 10cm and h = 3.5cm
remains same.
Now,Volume of cuboid = × b × h
i.e., × 18 × 18 × 32 = 8r2
= (5.5  10  3.5) cm3
18  18  32

FL
= 192.5cm3  r2 =
8
Hence, Required number of silver coins 10368
=  1296
Volume of cuboid 192.5 8
= =  400  r = 1296  36cm
Volume of one coin 0.48125
R
Ans : 400 coins Now   h 2  r 2 = 242  362

Q7. A cylindrical bucket, 32cm high and with = 576  1296 = 1872  43.26 cm
radius of base 18cm, is filled with sand. This Ans : 36 cm
E
bucket is emptied on the ground and a
Q8. Water in a canal 6m wide and 1.5m deep is
conical heap of sand is formed. If the height
flowing with a speed of 10 km/h. How much
IT

of the conical heap is 24cm, find the radius

area will it irrigate in 30 minutes, if 8cm of
and slant height of the heap.
standing water is needed ?
Sol. Let r cm be the radius cm be the height of the
Sol. We have,
bucket (cylindrical).Then r = 18cm and h = 32
P

Width of the canal = 6m

Now, Volume of sand in bucket Depth of the canal = 1.5m
r = 18cm
It is given that the water is flowing with velocity
JU

10 km/hr. Therefore, length of the water per hour

= 10 km = 10,000 m
Volume of water fed by canal in one hour is =
h = 32cm
l × b × h = 6 × 1.5 × 10,000 = 90,000 m3
Volume of water fed by canal in 30 min (half
hour) is given by = 45000 m3
Suppose x m2 area is irrigated in 1/2 hr.
8
= r 2 h Then, x = 45000
100
= (18)2(32)
45000  100
= (  18  18  32) cm3  x=
8
Let r cm be the radius and h cm be the height of  x = 562500
the conical heap. Then r = ? and h = 24cm Ans : 562500 m2 area in 1/2 hour.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Q9. A farmer connects a pipe of internal
diameter 20cm a canal into a cylindrical tank
in her field, which is 10m in diameter and
2m deep. If water flows through the pipe at
the rate of 3 km/h, in how much time will
the tank be filled?
Sol. Let r m be the radius and h m be the height of
the cylindrical tank. Then, r = 5cm and h = 2m
Now, Volume of cylindrical tank
= r2h =   52  2  50 m 3

IX
Diameter of pipe = 20 cm
10
radius = 10 cm = m
100

FL
Canal

3 km /hr = 3000 m/hr

D = 20 cm; r = 10 cm
R
2m
E
10 m
IT

speed of water = 3 km / hr = 3000 m / hr

Volume of water fed by pipe in one hour
2
 10 
P

2 3
=  r h =     3000 m = 30  m 3
 100 
Required time to fill the tank is given by
JU

volume of water in cylider

volume of water fed by pipe in 1 hr.

50  5
 hr
30  3 = 1 hour 40 minutes.
Ans : 1hour 40 minutes

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 4
Q1. A drinking glass is in the shape of frustum r

of a cone of height 14cm. The diameters of

its two circular ends are 4cm and 2cm. Find

m
h

l = 4c
the capacity of the glass.
2cm

=   R  r 
= R  r

IX
4cm
= (R  r)
= 4(9 + 3)
Sol. Let R and r be the radii of bigger and smaller
= 4 × 12
ends of the frustum and h be its height. Then

FL
= 48 cm2
 2 Ans : 48 cm2
R  2cm, r   1cm and h = 14cm
2 2
h 2 Q3. A fez, the cap used by the Turks, is shaped
Now, Volume = [R  R.r  r 2 ]
3 like the frustum of a cone (see figure). If
R
1 22 its radius on the open side is 10cm, radius
=   14[(2)2  2  1  (1) 2 ]
3 7 at the upper base is 4cm and its slant height
15cm, find the area of material use for
E
1
= 44(4 + 2 + 1) making it.
3
44  7 308
IT

= = 102.66 cm3
3 3
Ans : 102.66 cm3
P

Q2. The slant height of a frustum of a cone is

4cm and the perimeters (circumference) of
its circular ends are 18cm and 6 cm. Find Sol. Let R and r be respectively the radii of bigger
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the curved surface area of the frustum.

and smaller ends of the frustum and  be the
Sol. Let R and r be the radii of bigger and smaller
slant height , then R = 10cm, r = 4cm and = 15.
ends of the frustum, and  be the slant height,
then = 4cm.
Perimeter of bigger end = 18cm
 2R = 18
 R = 9
Perimeter of smaller end = 6cm
 2r = 6
 r = 3 cm Area of material required to make fez
= C.S.A. of frustum + Area of top
Now, Curved Surface of the frustum

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 =    R  r   r 2 cm2 2
=    R  r   r cm
2

2 2
=     R  r   r  cm  2
=    R  r   r cm2

2 2
=   15 10  4   4  cm
 2
= 3.14 20  20  8   8 cm 
2

=   15  11  16 cm 2
2
= 3.14  20  28   64  cm
2
=   210  16 cm  226  cm2
= 3.14  560  64  cm2
= 226  3.14 and 710.285cm 2
2
2 2 = 3.14  624  cm
Ans : 710 cm
7 = 1959.36cm 2

IX
Q4. A container opened from the top is made Cost of requierd sheet to make container
up of a metal sheet is in the form of a 1959.36  8
frustum of a cone of height 16cm with radii = = Rs. 156.75
100

FL
of its lower and upper ends as 8cm and
20cm respectively. Find the cost of the milk Volume of frustum
which can completely fill the container, at h 2
= [R  R.r  r 2 ]
the rate of Rs. 20 per litre. Also, find the 3
cost of metal sheet used to make the 22 16
[(20)2  20  8 (8) 2 ]
R
container , if it costs Rs. 8 per 100cm2 . =
73
[Take  = 3.14] 2  16
= [400  160  64]
21
E
20cm
216
= 624  10459.43 cm3
21
IT

h = 16cm
= 10.45943 litres
Now,
Cost of the milk which can completely fill the
8 cm
P

container at the rate of 20 per litre

Sol. Let R and r be respectively the radii of bigger = 10.46 × 20
and smaller ends of the frustum, then
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= Rs. 209.20
R = 20cm, r = 8cm Ans : cost of milk is Rs. 209 and cost of
Let and h be respectively the slant height and metal is Rs. 156.75.
height of the frustum then h = 16 cm
Q5. A metallic right circular cone 20cm high and
and = h 2  (R  r) 2
whose vertical angle is 60° is cut into two
= 2 2 parts at the middle of its height by a plane
16  (20  8)
2
parallel to its base. If the frustum so
= 162  12 
obtained be drawn into a wire of diameter
= 256  144 1
cm, find the length of the wire.
= 400 = 20cm 16
Area of sheet required to make container Sol. In figure, cone ABC is cut out by a plane parallel
= C.S.A of frustum + base area to the base ABCD is the frustum so obtained.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 According equation condition
C r
M D
= volume of wire = volume of frustum
10 2
r cm  1    7000
    h 
3  32  9
10
R cm   7000 32  32
R 3  h= × cm
A N
4cm
B 9 
7168000
It is given that BAC = 60°, ONB = 30° =  7964.44 m
9
In right triangle OMD,
Ans : 7964 m
MD OC
tan 300  

IX
OA OA
10
 3r  10  r  cm
3
In right triangle ONB

FL
In  AOF
P o R 1
tan   = tan 30  D= cm
B 20 16
1 1
1 R r= ´
 16 2
R
3 20 1
= cm
32
3R  20
Wire
20
E
R
3
 Volume of the frustum is given by
IT

h 2
= [R  Rr  r 2 ]
3
  20  2 20 10  10  2 
  10       
P

=
3   3  3 3  3  

  10  400 200 100 

 
JU

=  
3  3 3 3 
  10  400  200  100 
=  
3  3 
  10  700  7000 3
=  cm ...(iii)
9 9
1
 Diameter of wire = cm
16
 1 1
 Radius of the wire =   cm
16 2 32
Let h be length of the wire
2
 1 
 Volume of wire =     h
 32 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 SOLVED NCERT EXERCISE – (MISCELLANEOUS)
Q1. A copper wire, 3mm in diameter, is wound surface area of the double cone so formed.
about a cylinder whose length is 12cm and (Choose value of  as found appropriate).
diameter 10cm, so as to cover the curved Sol. In right triangle CAB
surface of the cylinder. Find the length and BC2 = AB2 + AC2
mass of the wire, assuming the density of [using Pythagoras theorem]
2
copper to be 8.88 g per cm . A
l2 =

m
Sol. Length of the cylinder = 12cm = 120 mm 4 cm

3c
r

=
l1
 Number of rounds to cover 3mm = 1 B C
h1 h2

IX
120
= = 40
3 A'
 BC2 = 32 + 42  BC2 = 9 + 16
 BC2 = 25 cm  BC = 5 cm

FL
Now, in AOB and CAB :
12 cm

AOB = CAB (90° each)

B = B [common]
10 cm
 AOB ~CAB (By AA critaria)
R
Let r cm be the radius of the cylinder. Then AO OB AB
  
AC AB CB
10
E
r= = 5 cm (The ratio of corresponding
2 of similar triangles are proportion)
 Length of the wire in completing one round Consider, (i) & (iii) ratio
IT

= 2r = 2(5) = 10 cm

OA AB r 3
 Lenght of the wire in completing the whole =  =
AC CB 4 5
surface (40 rounds) = 10 × 40 = 400 cm 5 r = 12 cm  r = 2.4 cm
P

Radius of the copper wire Consider, (ii) & (iii) ratio

3 3 OB AB h1 3
= mm  cm =  =
JU

2 20 AB CB 3 5
2
5h1 = 9cm  h1 = 1.8 cm
 3 
 Volume of wire =    (400)  h2 =BC – OB  5  1.8  3.2cm
 20 
 h 2  3.2 cm
= 9 2 cm3
Now,
 2
Mass of wire = 9  8.88 Volume of the double cone so formed is given

= 79.92  2 m by
= Volume of cone ABA ' Volume of cone
Ans : 79.92 2 m
ACA '

Q2. A right triangle, whose sides 3cm and 4cm 1 2 1

= r1 h1  h1  r 2 h 2
3 3
(other than hypotenuse) is made to revolve
about its hypotenuse. Find the volume and 1 2
= r  n1  n 2 
3

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 1 2
Since, the cistern is filled upto the brim. Therefore,
=    2.4  1.8  3.2 
2 Volume of the cistern
1 = Vol. of the water left in the cistern +
=   5.76  5
3 vol. of the bricks
= 9.6  9.6  3.14  30.14cm3
 n 
Surface area of double cone so formed  1980000 = 129600   1096.875 
= Surface area of cone ABA ' + Surface area  17 
of cone ACA ' + 1096.875 x
= r1  r 2  n = 1792.410

= r   1   2  Hence total no. of bricks = 1792 (app.)

22

IX
=   2.4  3  4    2.4  7 Q4. In one fornight of a given month, there was
7
a rainfall of 10cm in a river vallye. If the
= 22  2.4  2.75 cm2 area of the valley is 7280 km2 , show that
Q3. A cistern, internally measuring 150cm × the total rainfall was approximately

FL
120cm × 110cm, has 129600 cm3 of water equivalent to the addition to the normal
width. Forms bricks are placed in the water water of three rivers each 1072 km long,
until the cistern is full to the brim. Each 75m wide and 3m deep.
brick absorbs one-seventeenth of its own Sol. Volume of rainfall one for night is given by
volume water. How many bricks can be put
in without over-flowing the water, each brick 10
R
= 7280 
being 22.5cm × 7.5cm × 6.5cm. 100  1000
Sol. Volume of water in the cistern = 0.7280 km3
E
= 129600 cm3 Volume of three rivers
Let ,b and h are the length, breadth and height
 75 3  3
of the cistern.Then =  3  1072    km
IT

 1000 1000 
= 150 cm, b = 120cm and h = 110cm
Now, volume of cistern =   b  h = 0.7236 km3

= 150 × 120 × 110 Ans : The two are approximately equivalent.

P

= 1980000cm3
Q5. An oil funnel made of tin sheet consists of a
 Volume of cistern to be filled
cylindrical portion 10cm long attaced to a
JU

= Volume of cistern – Volume of water in cistern

frustum of a cone, if the total height is 22cm,
= (1980000 – 129600) cm3 diameter of the cylindrical portion is 8cm
= 1850400 cm3 and tehe diameter of one top of the funnel
Volume of one brick = 22.5 × 7.5 × 6.5 is 18cm, find the area of the tin required to
= 1096.875 cm3 make the funnel. (see figure).
Let the total number of brisk be n.
Then, water observed by n bricks
n  2
=   1096.875  cm
 17 
 Volume of the water left in the cistern

 n  3
= 129600   1096.875  cm
 17 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Sol. Let R and r be respectively the radii of the bigger Q6. Derive the formula fo the curved surface
and smaller ends of the frustum, then area and total surface area of the frustum of
18 8 a cone.
R=  9cm; r =  4cm;
2 2 Sol. Let h be the height,  the slant height and r1
Let and h be respectivley the slant height and and r2 the radii of the circular bases of the
height of frustum, then frustum ABBA shown in figure such that
h = total height – height of cylindrical part r1  r2 .
= 22 cm – 10cm
= 12cm

and = h 2  (R  r) 2

IX
= (12)2  (9  4)2 r2 m

= 144  25

FL
= 169  13cm
Now,
Curved surface area of frustum
= r(R + r)
R
22 Let the height of the cone VAB be h1 and its
=  13(9  4)
7 slant height be 1 i.e., VO = h1 and VA = VB =
22 1 .
E
=  13  13
7
 VA' = VA – AA' = 1  
= 531.14cm 2
IT

and VO' = VO – OO' = h1  h

Let r1 and h1 be respectively the radius and
Here, VOA ~ VO'A'
height of cylindrical part.
Then, r1 = 4cm and h1 = 10cm VO OA VA
 = 
P

VO OA VA

Now,
h1 r1 
Curved Surface area of the cylinder  =  1
h1  h r2 1  
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= 2r1h1
h1  h r2 1  
22  = 
  2 h1 r1 1
=  2   4  10  cm
 7 
h r2 
= 251.43cm 2  1
h1 = r 1 
1 2

Hence, h r  r
 = 1  2 and 1 2
Area of the required h1 r1 1 r1

= Curved surface area of frustum + h r1  r2  r1  r2

 = and 
h1 r1 1 r1
curved surface area of cylinder
hr1 r1
= 531.14 + 251.43  h1 = r  r and 1  r  r
1 2 1 2
= 782.57 cm2. ...(A)

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Now, Height of the cone VA'B' Sol. Let V be the volume of the frustum of cone.
hr1 hr2 Then,
= h1  h  r  r  h  r  r ...(B)
1 2 1 2 V = Vol. of cone VAB – Vol. ofcone VA'B'
Slant height of the cone VA'B'
1 2 1 2
r1 r2  V  r1 h1  r2 (h1  h)
= 1    r  r    r  r
3 3
...(C)
1 2 1 2 1 2 2
Let S denote the curved surface area of the  V  {h1r1  (h1  h)r2 }
3
frustum of cone. Then
  hr13   hr23  
S = Lateral (curved) surface area of cone  V   
3  r1  r2   r1  r2
 

 

VAB – Curved surface

IX
area of cone VA'B'  h 3 3 
 V  3  r  r (r1  r2 ) 
 S = r11  r2 (1  ) 1 2 
r1 r  h
 S = r1.  r2 . 2 2 2 
r1  r2 r1  r2  V  3  r  r (r1  r2 )(r1  r1r2  r2 ) 

FL
1 2 
[Using (A) and (C)]
 2
 V h(r1  r1r2  r22 )
 r2  r22  3
 S=  1 
 r1  r2  Thus, the volume of the frustum of the cone is
 
R
 = (r1  r2 ) given by

Curved surface area of the frustum 1 2 2

 V  (r1  r1r2  r2 )h
3
E
= (r1  r2 )
Hence Proved
Total surface area of the frustum
= Lateral (curved) surface area +
IT

Surface area of circular bases

= (r1  r2 )  r12  r22
= {(r1  r2 )  r12  r22 }
P

Hence Proved
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Q7. Derive the formula for the volume of the

frustum of a cone. Using the symbol as
explained.

r2

r2

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SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 CHAPTER : 14 – PROBABILITY
NCERT EXERCISE – 1
Q1. Complete the following statements : Q5. If P(E) = 0.05, what is the probability of
(i) Probability of an event E + Probability ‘not E’ ?
of the event ‘not E’ = ........... Sol. It is given that :
(ii) Probability of an event that cannot P(E) = 0.05, then
happen is ............ Such an event is Probability of ‘not E’ 1 – P(E)
called ...........
 P(E) = 1 – 0.05 = 0.95
(iii) The probability of an event that is
certain to happen is ............ Such an
event is called ........... Q6. A bag contains lemon flavoured candies
(iv) The sum of the probability of all the only. Malini takes out one candy without

IX
elementry events of an experiment is looking into the bag. What is the
........... probability that she takes out.
(v) The probability of an event is greater (i) an orange flavoured candy ?
than or equal to ........... and less than (ii) a lemon flavoured candy ?

FL
or equal to ........... Sol. (i) 0, because the bag contains the lemon
Sol. (i) 1 flavoured candies only.
(ii) 0, imposssible event, (ii) 1, because the bag contains lemon
(iii) 1, sure or certain event, flavoured candies only.
(iv) 1
Q7. It is given that in a group of 3 students,
R
(v) 0, 1
the probability of 2 students not having
the same birthday is 0.992. What is the
Q2. Which of the following experiments have probability that the 2 students have the
E
equally likely outcomes ? Explain same birthday.
(i) A driver attempts to start a car. The Sol. Probability that the 2 students have the same
car starts or does not start. birthday.
(ii) A player attempts to shoot a
IT

= 1 – Probability that 2 students have the same

basketball. She/he shoots or misses
birthday
the shot.
(iii) A trial is made to answer a true-false = 1 – 0.992
question. The answer is right or = 0.008
P

wrong.
(iv) A baby is born. It is a boy or a girl.
Q8. A bag contains 3 red balls and 5 black balls.
Sol. (i) (iii) and (iv)
A ball is drawn at random from the bag.
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What is the probability that the ball drawn

Q3. Why is tossing a coin considered to be a is (i) red ? (ii) not red ?
fair way of deciding which team should Sol. Number of red balls in the bag = 3
get the ball at the beginning of a football Number of black balls in the bag = 5
game ?
Total number of black balls in the bag = 3 + 5 =
Sol. When we toss a coin, the outcomes are equally 8.
likely. So, the result of an individual coin toss is
completely unpredictable. i.e., n(s) = 8
(i) Let A be the falvourable outsomes of get-
ting red balls, then
Q4. Which of the following cannot be the
probability of an event ? n(A) = 3
(a) 2/3 (b) – 1.5 n(A) 3
(c) 15% (d) 0.7 Therefore, P(A) = n(S) =
Sol. (B) –1.5 cannot be the probabiltiy of an event 8
because 0  P(E)  1. Let B be the favourable outcomes of get-
ting ‘not red’ balls. Then

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 n(B) = 5 ting a 50 p coin, then
Therefore, n(A) = 100
Therefore,
n(B) 5
P(B) = n(S)  8
n(A) 100 5
P(A) = n(s)  180  9
Q9. A box contains 5 red marbles, 8 white
marbles and 4 green marbles. One marble (ii) Let B be the favourable outcomes of get-
is taken out of the box at random. What ting ‘not a Rs. 5 coin’. Then
is the probability that the marble taken out
n(B) = 170
will be (i) red ? (ii) white ? (iii) not green?
Sol. Number of red marbles = 5 Therefore,

IX
Number of white marbles = 8 n(A) 170 17
Number of gree marbles = 4 P(B) = n(s)  180  18
Total number of marbles = 5 + 8 + 4 = 17
(i) Let A be the favourable outcomes of get- Q11. Gopi buys a fish from a shop for his

FL
ting red marble, then aquarium. The shopkeeper takes out one
n(A) = 5 fish at random from a tank containing 5
Therefore, male fish and 8 female fish (see figure in
text book). What is the probability that the
n(A) 5 fish taken out is a male fish ?
P(A) = n(s)  17
Sol. Number of male fish = 5
R
(ii) Let B be the favourable outcomes of get- Number of female fish = 8
ting white marbles, then n(B) = 8 Total number of fish = 13
Therefore, i.e., n(s) = 13
E
n(B) 8 Let A be the favourable outcomes of getting a
P(B) = n(s)  17 male fish. Then
IT

n(A) = 5
(iii) Let C be the favourable outcomes of get-
ting ‘not green’ marble, then n(A) 5
Therefore, P(A) = 
n(C) = 5 + 8 = 13 n(s) 13
P

Therefore,
n(C) 13 Q12. A game of chance consists of spinning an
P(C) = n(s)  17 arrow which comes to rest pointing of the
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numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (see figure)

Q10. A piggy bank contains hundred 50p coins, and these are equally likely outcomes.
fifty Re 1 coins, twenty Rs. 2 coins and
ten Rs. 5 coins. If it is equally likely that
one of the coins will fall out when the bank
is turned upside down, what is the
probability that the coin (i) will be 50 p
coin ? (ii) will not be a Rs. 5 coin?
Sol. Number of 50 p coins = 100
Number of Re. 1 coins = 50 What is the probability that it will point at
Number of Rs. 2 coins = 20 (i) 8 ?
Number of Rs. 5 coins = 10 (ii) an odd number ?
(iii) a number greater than 2 ?
Total Number of coins = 180
(iv) a number less than 9 ?
i.e., n(s) = 180 Sol. Total number of possible outcomes in the game
(i) Let A be the favourable outcomes of get- = 8.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 (i) Let A be the favourable outcomes of get- n(E) 3 1
ting 8. Then P(E) = n(S)  6  2
n(A) = 1
Therefore, (ii) Let F be the favourable outcomes of get-
ting a number lying between 2 and 6, then
n(A) 1 F = {3, 4, 5}
P(A)= n(s)  8
 n(F) = 3
(ii) Let B be the favourable outcomes of get- Therefore,
ting an odd number. Then
n(F) 3 1
B = {1, 3, 5, 7} P(F) = n(S)  6  2
i.e., n(B) = 4

IX
Therefore, (iii) Let G be the favourable outcomes of get-
ting an odd number, then
n(B) y 1 G = {1, 3, 5}
P(B) = n(s)  8  2
 n(G) = 3

FL
(iii) Let C be the favourable outcomes of get- Therefore,
ting a number greater than 2. Then
n(G) 3 1
C = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} P(G) = n(S)  6  2
i.e., n(C) = 6
Therefore,
R
Q14. One card is drawn from a well-shuffled
n(C) 6 3 deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of
P(C) = n(s)  8  4
getting
E
(iv) Let D be the favourable outcomes of get- (i) a king of red colour
ting a number less than 9. Then (ii) a face card
D = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} (iii) a red face card
(iv) the jack of hearts
IT

i.e., n(D) = 6 (v) a spade

Therefore, (vi) the queen of diamonds
Sol. Total number of all possible outcomes = 52
n(D) 8
P(D) = n(s)  8  1 i.e., n(S) = 52
P

(i) Let E be the favourable outcomes of get-

ting a king of red colour, then
Q13. A die is thrown once. Find the probability of n(E) = 2
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getting
Therefore,
(i) a prime number
(ii) a number lying between 2 and 6; n(E) 2 1
(iii) an odd number. P(E) = n(S)  52  26
Sol. If we throw a die once, then possible outcomes
(s) are (ii) Let F be the favourable outcomes of get-
ting a face card, then
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
n(F) = 12
 n(S) = 6
Therefore,
(i) Let E be the favourable outcomes of get-
ting a prime number then n(F) 12 3
E = {2, 3, 5} P(F) = n(S)  52  26

 n(E) = 3 (iii) Let G be the favourable outcomes of a

Therefore, red face card, then
n(G) = 6

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Therefore i.e., n(S) = 4
n(G) 6 3 (a) Let A be the favourable outcomes that
P(G) = n(S)  52  26 the picked up card is an ace then
n(A) = {1}
(iv) Let H be the favourable outcomes get- Therefore,
ting a jacks from the hearts, then
Therefore, n(A) 1
P(A) = n(S)  4
n(H) 1
P(H) = n(S)  52 (b) Let A be the favourable outcomes that
the picked up card is queen, then
(v) Let I be the the favourable outcomes of n(B) = 0

IX
getting a spade, then
Therefore,
n(I) = 13
Therefore, n(B) 0
P(B) = n(S)  4  0
n(I) 13 1

FL
P(I) = n(S)  52  4
Q16. 12 defective pens are accidentally mixed
(vi) Let J be the favourable outcomes of get- with 132 good ones. It is not possible to
ting then queen of diamonds, then just look at a pen and tell whether or not
n(J) = 1 it is defective. One pen is taken out at
Therefore, random from this lot. Determine the prob-
R
ability that the pen taken out is a good one.
n(J) 1 Sol. Number of defective pens = 12
P(J) = n(S)  52
Number of non-defective pens = 132
E
Total number of pens = 12 + 132 = 144
Q15. Five cards-the ten, jack, queen, king and Let ‘A’ be the favourable outcomes of getting
ace of diamonds, are well-shuffled with
IT

the pen taken out is a good one. Then

their face downwards. One card is then n(A) = 132
picked up at random.
(i) What is the probability that the card n(A) 132 11
Therefore, P(A) = n(S)  144  12
is the queen ?
P

(ii) If the queen is drawn and put aside,

what is probability that the second
card picked up is (a) an ace ? (b) a Q17. (i) A lot of 20 bulbs contain 4 defective
JU

queen ? ones. One bulb is drawn at random

Sol. It is given that the total number of cards from the lot. What is the probability
that this bulb is defective ?
=5
(ii) Suppose the bulb drawn in (i) is not
ie.., n(S) = 5
defective and is not replaced. Now
(i) If the Queen is drawn and put aside then one bulb is drawn at random from the
possible outcomes become 4 rest. What is the probability that this
E = {1} bulb is not defective ?
 n(E) = 1 Sol. Total number of bulbs = 20
Therefore, i.e., n(S) = 20
(i) Let A be the favourable outcomes of get-
n(E) 1 ting defective bulbs. Then
P(E) = 
n(S) 5 n(A) = 4
(ii) If the Queeen is drawn and put aside then Therefore,
possible outcomes become 4

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 n(A) 4 1 The die thrown once. What is the
P(A) = n(S)  20  5 probability of getting (i) A ? (ii) D ?

(ii) Total number of bulb = 19 Sol. Total number of faces in a die = 6

Let B be the favourable outcomes of get- i.e., n(S) = 6
ting non defective bulbs. Then (i) Let E be the favourable outcomes of set-
n(B) = 19 – 4 = 15 ting A. Then
Therefore, n(E) = 2
Therefore,
n(B) 15
P(B) = n(S)  19 n(E) 2 1
P(E) = n(S)  6  3

IX
Q18. A box contains 90 discs which are num- (ii) Let A be the favourable outcomes of set-
bered from 1 to 90. If one disc is drawn at ting D. Then
random from the box, find the probability n(D) = 1
that it bears (i) a two-digit number (ii) a

FL
Therefore,
perfect square number (iii) a number di-
visible by 5. n(D) 1
P(D) = n(S)  6
Sol. Total number of discs in the box = 90
i.e, n(S) = 90
(i) Let A be favourable outcomes of getting
R
Q20. Suppose you drop a die at random on the
a two digit number. Then rectangular region shown in figure. What
n(A) = 81 is the probability that it will land inside the
Therefore, circle with diameter 1m ?
E
n(A) 81 9
P(A) = n(S)  90  10
IT

(ii) Let B be the favourable outcomes of get-

ting a perfect square number. Then
Sol. Area of rectangular region
B = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64,
81} = 3 × 2 = 6m2
P

i.e., n(B) = 9 Diameter of the circle = 1m

Therefore, 1
 Radius = m
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n(B) 9 1 2
P(B) = n(S)  90  10 2
1
2  2
So, Area = r      m
(iii) Let C be the favourable outcomes of set- 2 4
ting a number divisible by 5.
Now, Probability that the die will land inside
Then, n(C) = 18
4 
Therefore, the circle = 
6 24
n(C) 18 1
P(C) = n(S)  90  5
Q21. A lot consists of 144 ball pens of which 20
are defective and the others are good.
Q19. A child has a die whose six faces show the Nuri will buy a pen if it is good, but will
letters as given below : not buy it if it is defectve. The shopkeeper
draws one pen at random and gives it to
A B C D E A her. What is the probability that
(i) She will buy it ?

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 (ii) She will not buy it ? (ii) Let B be the favourable outcomes of get-
Sol. Total number of ball pens = 144 ting the sum as 3. Then
i.e., n(S) = 144 B = (1, 2), (2, 1)
(i) Let A be the favourable outocmes of buy- i.e., n(B) = 2
ing ball pen by her. Then Therefore,
n(A) = 144 – 20 = 124
n(B) 2 1
Therefore, P(B) = n(S)  36  18
n(A) 124 31
P(A) = n(S)  144  36 (iii) Let C be the favourable outcomes of get-
ting the sum as 4. Then
(ii) Let B be the favourable outcomes of not C = (2, 2), (1, 3), (3, 1)

IX
buying a ball pen. Then, i.e., n(C) = 3
P(B) = 1 – P(A) Therefore,
31 5 n(C) 3 1
= 1 
P(C) = n(S)  36  12
36 36

FL
(iv) Let D be the favorable outcomes of get-
Q22. Refer to Example 13. (i) Complete the ting the sum as 6. Then
following table :
E = {(1, 4), (4,1), (2, 3), (3, 2)}
Event :
(v) Let E be the favourable outcomes of get-
Sum on 2 dice Pr obability
R
ting the sum as 6. Then
2 1 36
3 E = {(1, 5), (2, 4), (4, 2), (3, 3)}
4 i.e., n(E) = 5
E
5 Therefore,
6
n(E) 5
7 P(E) = n(S)  36
IT

8 5 36
9 (vi) Let F be the favourable outcomes of get-
10 ting the sum as 7. Then
11 F = {(1, 6), (6, 1), (2, 5), (5, 2),
P

12 1 36 (3, 4), (4, 3)}

(ii) A student argue that 'there are 11 i.e, n(F) = 6
possible outcomes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
Therefore,
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9, 10, 11 and 12. Therefore, each of

1 n(F) 6 1
them has a probability . Do you P(F) = n(S)  36  6
11
agree with this argument ? Justify (vii) Let G be the favourable outcomes of get-
your answer. ting the sum as 8. Then
Sol. Total number of possible outcomes = 36
G = (2, 6), (6, 2), (3, 5), (5, 3),
i.e., n(S) = 36 (4, 4)
(i) Let A be the favourable outcomes of get- i.e., n(G) = 5
ting sum as 2. Then
Therefore,
A = (1, 1)
i.e., n(A) = 1 n(G) 5
P(G) = n(S)  36
Therefore,
n(A) 1 (viii) Let H be the favourable outcomes of get-
P(A) = n(S)  36 ting the sum as 9. Then

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 H = (3, 6), (6, 3), (4, 5), (5, 4) Sol. If we toss a one rupee coin then possible out-
i.e, n(H) = 4 comes are
Therefore, S = {HHH, TTT, HHT, HTT, THH, THT,
TTH}
n(H) 4 1 i.e., n(S) = 8
P(H) = n(S)  36  9
Let A be the favourable outcomes of losing
(ix) Let I be the favourable outcomes of get- the game. Then
ting the sum as 10. Then A = {HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH}
I = (4, 6), (6, 4), (5, 5) i.e., (A) = 6
i.e., n(I) = 3
n(A) 6 3
Therefore, Therefore, P(A) = n(S)  8  4

IX
n(I) 3 1
P(I) = n(S)  36  12
Q24. A die is thrown twice. What is the
(x) Let J be the favourable outcomes of get- probabiltiy that (i) 5 will not come up

FL
ting the sum as 11. Then either time ? (ii) 5 will come up at least
J = (6, 5), (5, 6) once ?
Sol. Wehn a die is thrown, then possible outcomes
i.e, n(J) = 2 are
Therefore,
 (1,1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1,5) (1, 6) 
n(J) 2 1
R
(2,1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2,5) (2, 6) 
P(J) = n(S)  36  18  
 (3,1) (3, 2) (3,3) (3, 4) (3,5) (3, 6) 
 (4, 6) 
(xi) Let K be the favourable outcomes of get- S = (4,1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4,5)
 (5,1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5,5) (5, 6) 
E
ting the sum as 12. Then
(6,1) (6, 2) (6,3) (6, 4) (6,5) (6, 6) 
K = (6, 6)
Therefore, i.e, n(S) = 36
IT

(i) Let A be the favourable outcomes that 5

n(K) 1
P(K) = n(S)  36 will not come up either time.

 (1,1), (1, 2), (1,3), (1, 4), (1, 6) 

'Sum or 2 dice ' Probability (2,1), (2, 2), (2,3), (2, 4), (2, 6) 
P

2 1 36  
A   (3,1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 6) 
3 2 36 (4,1), (4, 2), (4,3), (4, 4), (4, 6) 
 (6,1), (6, 6) 
4 3 36  (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4),
JU

5 4 36
i.e., n(A) = 25
6 5 36
7 6 36 Therefore,
8 5 36 n(A) 25
9 4 36 P(A) = n(S)  36
10 3 36
11 2 36 (ii) Let B be the favourable outcomes that 5
12 1 36 will come at least once. Then

 (1,5), (2,5), (3,5), (4,5) 

Q23. A game consists of tossing a one rupee  
B   (5,5) (6,5), (5,1), (5, 2) 
coin 3 times and noting its outcome each (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6) 
time. Hanif wins if all the tosses give the
same result, i.e., three heads or three tails, i.e., n(B) = 11
and loses otherwise. Calculate the Therefore,
probability that Hanif will lose the game.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 n(B) 11
P(B) = n(S)  36

Q25. Which of the following arguments are

correct and which are not correct ? Give
reasons for your answer.
(i) If two coins are tossed simultaneously
there are three possible outcomes
two heads, two tails or one of each.
Therefore, for each of these

IX
1
outcomes, the probability is .
3
(ii) If a die is thrown, there are two
possible outcomes-an odd number of
an even number. Therefore, the

FL
probability of getting an odd number
1
is .
2
Sol. (i) If two coins are tossed at the same time
the possible outcomes are :
R
S = (H, H), (H, T), (T, H),(T,T)
i.e., n(S) = 4
E
1
So, the probability of each occurrence =
4
Thus, the given statement is wrong.
IT

(ii) If a die is thrown once, the possible out-

comes are
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
i.e., n(S) = 6
P

Let A be the favourable outcomes of get-

ting add number. Then
A = {1, 3, 5}
JU

i.e., n(S) = 3
Therefore,
n(A) 3 1
P(A) = n(S)  6  2

Thus, the given statement is correct.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
Q1. Two customers Shyam and Ekta are vis- 2 5
iting a particular shop in the same week 3
(Tuesday to Saturday). Each is equally 3 5 9
likely to visit the shop on any day as on 6 7 8 8 9 9 12
another day. what is the probability that What is the probability that the total score
both will visit the shop on is (i)even ? (ii) 6 ? (iii) at least 6 ?
(i) the same day ? (ii) consecutive days? Sol. Numbe rof the possible outcomes = 36
(iii) different days ?
i.e, n(S) = 36
Sol. Total possible ways of visiting shop by them
5 × 5 = 25 (i) Let A be the favourable outcomes tht the
total score is even. Then
(i) They can visit the shop on a 11 week days
Tuesday to Saturday n(A) = 18

IX
Let A be the favourable outcomes of vis- Therefore,
iting shop by them on the same day = 5
n(A) 18 1
Then, n(A) = 5 P(A) = n(S)  36  2

FL
n(A) 5 1 (ii) Let B be favourable outcomes tehat the
Therefore, P(A) = n(S)  25  5
total score is 6. Then
(ii) Let B be the favourable outcomes of vis- n(B) = 4
ing shop on the different days by them Therefore,
= 25 – 5 = 20 days
n(B) 4 1
R
i.e., n(B) = 20 P(B) = n(S)  36  9
Therefore,
(iii) Let C be the favourable outcomes that
E
n(B) 20 4 total score is least 6. Then
P(B) = n(S)  25  5
n(C) = 15
(iii) Shyam T W Th F Therefore,
IT

Ekta W Th F S n(C) 15 5
P(C) = n(S)  36  12
Ekta T W Th F
P

Shyam W Th F S
Q3. A bag contains 5 red balls and some blue
Let A be the favourable outcomes of vis- balls. If the probability of drawing a blue
iting shop on consecutive days ball is double that of a red ball, determine
JU

Then n(A) = 8 the number of blue balls in the bag.

Therefore, Sol. Number of red balls in the bag 5
Let number of blue balls in the bag = x
n(A) 8
P(A) = n(S)  25 Total number of balls in the bag = x + 5
i.e., n(S) = x + 5
Let A be the favourable outcomes of getting
Q2. A die is numbered in such a way that its red balls, then
faces show the numbers 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 6. n(A) = 5
It is thrown two times and the total score
in two throws in noted. Complete the fol- n(A) 5
Therefore, P(A) = 
lowing table which gives a few values of n(S) x  5
the total score on the two throws : Let B be the favourable outcomes of getting
Number in first throw blue balls, then
+ 1 2 2 3 3 6 n(B) = x
1 2 3 3 4 4 7
2 3 4 4 5 5 8

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 n(B) x x6
Therefore, P(B)= n(S)  x  5  =x
3
According to question,  3x = x + 6
P(B) = 5P(A)  2x = 6

x 5  x= 3
 = 2 Hence, the number of white balls = 3
x 5 x 5

5  10  Q5. A jar contains 24 marbles, some are green

 =  
x 5  x 5 and others are blue. If a marble is drawn
x = 10 at random from the jar, the probability that


IX
2
it is green is . Find the number of blue
Q4. A box contains 12 balls out of which x are 3
black. If one ball is drawn at random from balls in the jar.
the box, what is the probability that it will Sol. Total number of marbles in the jar = 24
be a black ball ? i.e., n(S) = 24

FL
If 6 more black balls are put in the box, Let number of blue balls in the jar be x.
the probability of a black ball is now double
Then, the number of green balls in the jar
of what it was before. Find x.
Sol. Number of white balls in the box = x = 24 – x
Total number of balls in the box = 12 Let A be the favourable outcomes of getting
blue balls. Then
R
i.e., n(S) = 12
n(A) = x
(i) Let A be the favourable outcomes of get-
ting white ball, then n(A) x
Therefore, P(A) = n(S)  24
E
n(A) = x
Therefore, Let B be favourable outcomes of getting green
balls. Then
IT

n(A) x
P(A) = n(S)  12 n(B) = 24 – x

(ii) Number of white balls in the box = x + 6 n(B) 24  x

Therefore, P(B) = n(S)  24
Total number of balls in the box = 12 + 6
P

= 18 According to the given condition :

i.e., n(S) = 18
2
JU

Let B be the favourable outcomes of get- P(B) =

3
ting new white balls, then
n(B) = x + 6 24  x 2
 =
Therefore, 24 3
n(B) x  6  3(24 – x) = 2 × 24
P(B) =  72 – 3x = 48
n(S) 18 
 – 3x = 48 – 72
Now according to question
 – 3x = – 24
P(B) = 2 P(A)
 x= 8
x6 x Hence, the number of blue balls in the jar = 8.
 = 2 
18  12 

x6 x
 =
18 6

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 CHAPTER : 15 – STATISTICS
QUESTION : 1 NCERT EXERCISE – 1
A survey was conducted by a group of students as a part of their environment awareness

programme, in which they collected the following data regarding the number of plants in 20
houses in a locality. Find the mean number of plants per house.

Number of plants 0  2 2  4 4  6 6  8 8  10 10  12 12  14
Number of houses 1 2 1 5 6 2 3

IX
Which method did you use for finding the mean, and why ?
SOLUTION :

FL
Number of plants Number of houses Class marks fi  x i
(fi ) (xi )
02 1 1 1
24 2 3 6
R
46 1 5 5
68 5 7 35
8  10 6 9 54
E
10  12 2 11 22
12  14 3 13 39
Total fi  20 fi x i  162
IT

Here, we have
fi = 20, f i x i = 162
P

fi x i 162
Now, x = f
  8.1
i 20
JU

Ans : Hence, the mean number of plants per house = 8.1

We have used the direct method for finding the mean because numerical values of x i and fi are
small.

QUESTION : 2
Consider the following distribution of daily wages of 50 workers of a factory.

Daily wages ( in Rs.) 100  120 120  140 140  160 160  180 180  200
Number of wor ker s 12 14 8 6 10

Find the mean daily wages of the workers of the factory by using an appropriate method.
SOLUTION :

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 x i  150
Daily wages Number of workers Class marks di  x i  150 u i  fi  u i
20
(in Rs.) fi xi
100  120 12 110 40 2 24
120  140 14 130 20 1 14
140  160 8 a  150 0 0 0
160  180 6 170 20 1 6
180  200 10 190 40 2 20
f i  50 f i x i  12

Here, we have

IX
fi = 50, f i u i = 12, h = 20
and A = 150
fi u i  12 
Now, x = A  f  h  150     20  150 – 4.8 = 145.20.
i  50 

FL
Ans : Hence, the mean daily wages of the workers of the factory isRs. 145.20.

QUESTION : 3
R
The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a locality. The
mean pocket allowance is Rs. 18. Find the missing frequency f.
E
Daily pocket allowance ( in Rs.) 11  13 13  15 15  17 17  19 19  21 21  23 23  25
Number of children 7 6 9 13 f 5 4
IT

SOLUTION :

Daily pocket allowance No. of Children Mid­value

P

C.I. fi xi fi xi
11  13 7 12 84
13  15 6 14 84
JU

15  17 9 16 144
17  19 13 18 234
19  21 f 20 20f
21  23 5 22 110
23  25 4 24 96
fi  44  f fi x i  752  20f

Here, we have x = 18, fi  44  f and fi x i  752  20f

f i x i
We know, x =
f i

752  20f
 18 =
44  f

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  18(44 + f) = 752 + 20f

 792 + 18f = 752 + 20f

 18f – 20f = 752 – 792

 – 2f = – 40

 f = 20

Ans : Hence the missing frequency is 20.

IX
QUESTION : 4
Thirty women were examined in a hospital by a doctor and the number of heart beats per
minute were recorded and summarised as follows. Find the mean heart beats per minute for

FL
these women, choosing a suitable method.

No. of heart beats per min ute 65  68 68  71 71  74 74  77 77  80 80  83 83  86

Number of women 2 4 3 8 7 4 3

SOLUTION :
R
x i  75.5
E
No. of heart beats No. of women Class mark u i  fi  u i
3
per min ute fi xi
65  68 2 66.5 3 6
IT

68  71 4 69.5 2 8
71  74 3 72.5 1 3
74  77 8 75.5  A 0 0
P

77  80 7 78.5 1 7
80  83 4 81.5 2 8
83  86 2 84.5 3 6
JU

Total fi  30 f i u i  4

We have, A = 75.5, h = 3, fi = 30,  fi u i =4

fi u i
Now, x = A h
f i

4 4
= 77.5   3  75.5 
30 10
= 75.5 + 0.4 = 75.9
Ans : Hence, the mean heart beats per minute is 75.9.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

QUESTION : 5
In a retail market, fruit vendors were selling mangoes kept in packing boxes. These boxes
contained varying number of mangoes. The following was the distribution of mangoes
according to the number of boxes.

Number of mangoes 50  52 53  55 56  58 59  61 62  64
Number of boxes 15 110 135 115 25

Find the mean number of mangoes kept in packing box. Which method of finding the mean
did you choose ?

IX
SOLUTION :

di
C.I. fi xi d i  x i  57 u i  fi ui

FL
2
50  52 15 51 6 3 45
53  55 110 54 3 1.5 165
56  58 135 57  A 0 0 0
59  61 115 60 3 1.5 172.5
62  64 25 63 6 3 75
R
f i  400 fi u i  37.50

Here, we have
E
fi = 400, f i u i = 37.50, A = 57 and h = 2

f u 37.50 37.50
A  i i  h  57   2  57 
IT

Now, x = fi 400 200

= 57 + 0.1875 = 57.1875 Ans

QUESTION : 6
P

The table below shows the daily expenditure on food of 25 households ina locality.

Daily Expenditur e (in Rs.) 100  150 150  200 200  250 250  300 300  350
JU

Number of households 4 5 12 2 2

Find the mean daily expenditure on food by a suitable method.

SOLUTION :

di
C.I. fi xi di  x i  225 u i  fi u i
50
100  150 4 125 100 2 8
150  200 5 175 50 1 5
200  250 12 225  A 0 0 0
250  300 2 275 50 1 2
300  350 2 325 100 2 4
f i  25 fi u i  7

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Here, we have

fi = 25, f i u i = – 7

A(assumed mean) = 225 and h = 50

fi u i 7
Now, x = A  h = 225   50
f i 25
= 225 – 14 = 211

Ans : Hence, the mean daily expenses is 211.

QUESTION : 7

IX
To find out the concentration of SO2 in the air (in parts per million, i.e., ppm), the data was
collected for 30 localities in a certain city and is presented below :

Concentration of SO2 0.00  0.04 0.04  0.08 0.08  0.12 0.12  0.16 0.16  0.20 0.20  0.24

FL
(in ppm)
Frequency 4 9 9 2 4 2
Find the mean concentration of SO2 in the air.
SOLUTION :
R
di
Concentration of Frequency Class marks di  x i  0.14 u i  fi u i
SO2 (in ppm) (fi ) (xi ) 0.04
0.00  0.04 4 0.02 0.12 3 12
E
0.04  0.08 9 0.06 0.08 2 18
0.08  0.12 9 0.10 0.04 1 9
0.12  0.16 2 0.14  A 0 0 0
IT

0.16  0.20 4 0.18 0.04 1 4

0.20  0.24 2 0.22 0.08 2 4
fi  30 fi ui  31
P

Here, we have
fi = 30, f i u i = – 31, h = 0.04 and A = 0.14
JU

fi u i  31 
Now, x = A  h = 0.14     (0.04)
f i  30 

= 0.14 – 0.041 = 0.099 ppm.

Ans : Hence, the mean concentration of SO2 in the air is 0.099 ppm.

QUESTION : 8
A class teacher has the following absentee record of 40 students of a class for the whole
term. Find the mean number of days a student was absent.

Number of days 0  6 6  10 10  14 14  20 20  28 28  38 38  40
Number of students 11 10 7 4 4 3 1

SOLUTION :

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Number of days Number of students (f i ) Class mark (x i ) fi x i
06 11 3 33
6  10 10 8 80
10  14 7 12 84
14  20 4 17 68
20  28 4 24 68
28  38 3 33 99
38  40 1 39 39
Total f i  40 fi x i  499

Here, we have f i  40 and f i x i  499

IX
f i x i
Now, x = f
i

499
= = 12.47

FL
40
Ans : Hence, the mean number of days a student was absent is 12.48.

QUESTION : 9
R
The following table gives are literacy rate (in percentage) of 35 cities. Find the mean literacy
rate.
E
Literacy rate ( in %) 45  55 55  65 65  75 75  85 85  95
Number of cities 3 10 11 8 3

SOLUTION :
IT

x i  70
Literacy rate No. of cities Class mark di  x i  70 u i  fi u i
(in %) (fi ) (x i ) 10
P

45  55 3 50 20 2 6
55  65 10 60 10 1 10
65  70 11 70  A 0 0 0
JU

75  85 8 80 10 1 8
85  95 3 90 20 2 6
fi  35 fi ui  2

Here, we have
fi = 35, f i u i = – 2, h = – 10 and A = 70

fi u i  2  4
Now, x = A  h = 70     10  70 
f i  35  7

= 70 – 0.57 = 69.43%

Ans : Hence, the mean literacy rate is 69.43%.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 2
QUESTION : 1
The following table shows the ages of the patients admitted in a hospital during a year :
Age ( in years ) 5  15 15  25 25  35 35  45 45  55 55  65
No. of patients 6 11 21 23 14 5
Find the mode and the mean of the data given above. Compare and interpret the two measures
of central tendency.

SOLUTION :

IX
Case I : Finding the mode

Here, the maximum class frequency is 23 and the class corresponding to frequency is 35-45.

So, the model class is 35-45.

FL
Thus, we have

Modal Class = 35 – 45

l = 35
R
f1 = 23, f 0 = 21, f 2 = 14

and h = 10
E
Now, substituting these values in the formula of mode, we get

 f1  f 0   23  21 
Mode =    2f  f  f   h = 35     10
IT

 1 0 2  2  23  21  14 

 2  2
= 35     10 = 35 
 46  35  11
P

= 35 + 1.818 = 36.818
Case II : Finding the median
JU

di
C.I. fi xi di  x i  30 u i  fi u i
10
5  15 6 10 20 2 12
15  25 11 20 10 1 11
25  35 21 30  A 0 0 0
35  45 23 40 10 1 23
45  55 14 50 20 2 28
55  65 5 60 30 3 15
fi  80 fi u i  43

 f u  43
Now, (x) = A   i i   h  30   10
 fi  80

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 43
= 30  = 30 + 5.373 = 35.373
8
Ans : Hence, the mode of the given data is 36.818 while mean is 35.373.

Interpretation : Maximum number of patients admitted in the hospital are of the age 36.818 years,
while an average age of patients admitted to the hospital is 35.373 yrs.

QUESTION : 2
The following data gives the information on the observed lifetimes (in hours) of 225 electrical
components :

IX
Lifetimes (in hours) 0  20 20  40 40  60 60  80 80  100 100  120
Frequency 10 35 52 61 38 29
Determine the modal lifetimes of the components.

FL
SOLUTION :
Here, the maximum class frequecy is 61 and the class corresponding to frequency is 60 -80. So the
modal class is 60- 80.
Thus, we have
R
Modal Class = 60 – 80
= 60, h = 20, f1 = 61
E
f0 = 52 and f2 = 38
Now, substituting these values in the formula of mode, we get
IT

 f1  f0 
Mode =    h
 2f1  f0  f 2 
 61  52 
= 60     20
P

 2  61  52  38 
 9 
= 60     20
JU

122  90 
9 45
= 60   20  60 
32 8
= 60 + 5.625 = 65.625
Ans : Hence, the modal life-times of the components are 65.625 hrs.

QUESTION : 3
The following data gives the distribution of total monthly household expenditure of 200
families of a village. Find the modal monthly expenditure of the families. Also, find the
mean monthly expenditure :

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Expenditur e ( in Rs.) Number of families
1000  1500 24
1500  2000 40
2000  2500 33
2500  3000 28
3000  3500 30
3500  4000 22
4000  4500 16
4500  5000 7

SOLUTION :

IX
Here, the maximum class frequency is 30 and the class corresponding to frequency is 3000-3500.
So, the modal class = 1500 - 2000
Thus, we have modal calls =1500 - 2000

FL
 = 1500
f1 = 40, f0 = 24, f2 = 33, h = 500
Now, substituting these values in the formula of mode, we get
R
 f1  f0 
Mode =    h
 2f1  f 0  f 2 
E
 40  24   16 
= 1500    500 = 1500   80  57   500
 2  40  24  33   
IT

16  500 8000
= 1500   1500 
23 23
= 1500 + 347.83 = 1847.83
P

Ans : Hence, the modal monthly expenditure of the familities is Rs. 1847.83.

Finding Mean
JU

di
Expenditure No. of families Class Mark d i  x i  3250 u i  fi ui
(in Rs.) (fi ) (xi ) 500
1000  1500 24 1250 2000 4 96
1500  2000 40 1750 1500 3 120
2000  2500 33 2250 1000 2 66
2500  3000 28 2750 500 1 28
3000  3500 30 3250  A 0 0 0
3500  4000 22 3750 500 1 22
4000  4500 16 4250 1000 2 32
4500  5000 7 4750 1500 3 21
fi  200 fi u i  235

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Here, we have fi  200, fi u i  235, h  500 and A  3250

 f u   235 
Now, x =
A   i i   f  3250     500
 fi   200 

235  5 1175
= 3250   3250  = 3250 – 587.50 = 2662.50
2 2
Ans : Hence, the mean monthly expenditure is Rs. 2662.50

QUESTION : 4
The following distribution gives the state-wise-student ratio in higher secondary schools of

IX
India. Find the mode and mean of this data. Interpret, the two measures.

No. of students per teacher 15  20 20  25 25  30 30  35 35  40 40  45 45  50 50  55

No. of States / U.T. 3 8 9 10 3 0 0 2

FL
SOLUTION :
No. of students per teacher 15  20 20  25 25  30 30  35 35  40 40  45 45  50 50  55
No. of States / U.T. 3 8 9 10 3 0 0 2

Here, the maximum class frequency is 10 and the class corresponding to frequency is 30 - 35. So, the
R
modal class = 30 -35

Thus, we have
E
modal class= 30 – 35,   30, f1  10, f 0  9, f 2  3 and h  5

Now, substituting these values in the formula of mode, we get

IT

 f1  f0 
mode =    h
 2f1  f 0  f 2 
P

 10  9  1 5
= 30     5  30   5  30 
 2  10  9  3  8 8
= 30 + 0.6 = 30.6
JU

Finding mean :

di
No. of students No. of states / U.T. Class mark d i  x i  37.5 u i  fi ui
per teacher (fi ) (x i ) 5
15  20 3 17.5 20 4 12
20  25 8 22.5 15 3 24
25  30 9 27.5 10 2 18
30  35 10 32.5 5 1 10
35  40 3 37.5 0 0 0
40  45 0 42.5 5 1 0
45  50 0 47.5 10 2 0
50  55 2 52.5 15 3 6
Total f i  35 f i u i  58

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Here, we have f i  35, fi u i  58, h  3, A  37.5

f u 58 
Now, x =
A  i i  h = 37.5   5
f i  35 

= 37.5 – 8.3 = 29.2 Ans

Interpretation : Most states / U.T have a student teacher ratio of 30.6 and on an average, this ratio
is 29.2.

QUESTION : 5

IX
The given distribution shows the number of runs scored by some top batsmen of the world
in one-day international cricket matches. Find the mode of the data.

FL
Runs scored Number of batsmen
3000  4000 4
4000  5000 18
5000  6000 9
6000  7000 7
7000  8000 6
R
8000  9000 3
9000  10000 1
10000  11000 1
E
SOLUTION :
IT

Here, maximum class frequency is 18 and the class corresponding to frequency is 4000-5000. So, the
modal class = 4000-5000.
fi u i
Now, x = A h
f i
P

Thus, we have
JU

Modal class = 4000 - 5000,   4000, f1  18, f 0  4, f 2  9 and h = 1000

Now, substituting these values in the formula of mode, we get

 f1  f 0 
Mode =    2f  f  f   h
 1 0 2

 18  4 
= 4000    100
 2  18  4  9 

14000
= 4000  = 4000 + 608.7 = 4608.7
23
Ans : Hence, the mode of the data is 4608.7

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

QUESTION : 6
A students noted the number of cars passing through a spot on a road for 100 periods each
of 3 minutes and summarised it in the table given below. Find the mode of the data :

No. of cars 0  10 10  20 20  30 30  40 40  50 50  60 60  70 70  80
Frequency 7 14 13 12 20 11 15 8

SOLUTION :
Here, maximum class frequency is 20 and the class corresponding to frequency is 40 - 50.
So, the modal class = 40 - 50.
Thus, we have modal class = 40 - 50,   40, f1  20, f0  12, f 2  11 and h  10

IX
Now, substituting these values in the formula of mode, we get

 f1  f 0 
Mode =    2f  f  f   h
 1 0 2

FL
 20  12  80
= 40     10  40 
 2  20  12  11  17
= 40 + 4.7 = 44.7
Ans : Hence, the mode of the data is 44.7 cars.
R
E
IT
P
JU

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 3
QUESTION : 1
The following frequency distribution gives the monthly consumption of electricity of 68
consumers of a locality. Find the median, mean and mode of the data and compare them.

Monthly consumption 65  85 85  105 105  125 125  145 145  165 165  185 185  205
(in units)
No. of consumers 4 5 13 20 14 8 4

SOLUTION :
Finding Median

IX
Monthly consumptio n Number of consumers Cumulative frequency
(in units ) fi
65  85 4 4

FL
85  105 5 9
105  125 13 22
125  145 20 42
145  165 14 56
165  185 8 64
R
185  205 4 68
Total n  68
E
n
(i) n = 68, gives = 34
2
So, we have the median class (125 – 145)
IT

l = 125, n = 68, f = 20, cf = 22, h = 20

n 
 2  cf 
P

Median = l +   h
 f 
 
JU

 34  22 
= 125     20 = 137 units Ans : Median = 137 units
 20 

[Note : Take C.f. of proceeding median class.]

(ii) Modal class is (125 – 145) having maximum frequency   125, f1  20, f 0  13, f2  14 and h  20

1 0 f f 
Mode = l +    2f  f  f   h
 1 0 2

 20  13 
= 125     20
 40  13  14 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  7 
= 15     20
 40  27 

140
= 125 
13
= 125 + 10.76 = 135.76 units Ans : Mode =135.76 units
(iii)

x i  135
Monthly consumption No. of consumers Class mark u i  fi  u i
20
(in units) fi xi
65  85 4 75 3 12

IX
85  105 5 95 2 10
105  125 13 115 1 13
125  145 20 135 0 0
145  165 14 155 1 14

FL
165  185 8 175 2 16
185  205 4 195 3 12
Total fi  68 f i u i  7

fi = 68, a = 135, h = 20 and  fiui  7

R
By step-deviation method,

1 1
 fi ui = 135  20  7
E
mean = a  h  
f i 68

35
= 135  = 135 +2.05
IT

17
= 137.05 units Ans : 137.05 units

Comparison : On comparison we find that three measures are approximately the same in this case.
P

QUESTION : 2
JU

If the median of the distribution given below is 28.5, find the values of x and y.

Class Interval 0  10 10  20 20  30 30  40 40  50 50  60 Total

Frequency 5 x 20 15 y 5 60

SOLUTION :

Class Interval Frequency c.f.

0  10 5 5
10  20 x 5x
20  30 20 25  x
30  40 15 40  x
40  50 y 40  x  y
50  60 5 45  x  y
Total 60

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Median = 28.5 lies in the class-interval (20-30). Then median class is (20-30)
So, we have l = 20, f = 20, c.f. = 5 + x, h = 10, n = 60

n 
 2  cf 
Median = l +  f   h
 
 

 30  (5  x)  25  x
28.5 = 20     10  8.5 =  17 = 25 – x  x = 8
 20  2
From the given table, we have

IX
5 + x + 20 + 15 + y + 5 = 60 i.e., x + y + 45 = 60 or x + y = 15
 y =15 – x = 15 – 8 = 7, i.e. y = 7 Ans : x = 8, y = 7

QUESTION : 3

FL
A life insurance agent found the following data for distribution of ages of 100 policy holders.
Calculate the median age, if policies are only given to persons having age 18 years onwards but
less than 60 years.
R
Age ( in years ) Number of policy holders
Below 20 2
Below 25 6
E
Below 30 24
Below 35 45
Below 40 78
IT

Below 45 89
Below 50 92
Below 55 98
Below 60 100
P

SOLUTION :
JU

Age (in years) No. of Policy holders Cumulative frequency

fi C.f .
Below 20 22 2
20  25 (6  2)  4 6
25  30 (24  6)  18 24
30  35 (45  24)  21 45
35  40 (78  45)  33 78
40  45 (89  78)  11 89
45  50 (92  89)  3 92
50  55 (98  92)  6 98
55  60 (100  98)  2 100
Total n  100

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  100 
Since n = 100 therefore,   th observation i.e., 50th observations which lies in the class 35-45.
 2 
Thus the median class = 35-45.
Here, l = 35, n = 100, f = 33, cf = 45, h = 5

n 
 2  cf 
Median = l +   h
 f 
 

 50  45 
= 35   5
 33 

IX
25
= 35  = 35 + .76
33
= 35.76 years .

FL
Ans : Hence median is 35.76 years
QUESTION : 4
The length of 40 leaves of a plant are measured correct to the nearest millimetre, and the
data obtained is represented in the following table :
R
Length (in mm) 118  126 127  135 136  144 145  153 154  162 163  171 172  180
Number of leaves 3 5 9 12 5 4 2
E
Find the median life time of a lamp.
SOLUTION :
IT

Length Number of leaves Cumulative frequency

fi
117.5  126.5 3 3
126.5  135.5 5 8
P

135.5  144.5 9 7
144.5  153.5 12 29
153.5  162.5 5 34
JU

162.5  171.5 4 38
171.5  180.5 2 40
n  40

n
We have n = 40 so   th observations = 20th observations  median lies in the group 144.5 – 153.5.
2

Thus, median class is 144.5 – 153.5

Here, l = 144.5, f = 12, cf = 17, n = 40, h = 9

n 
 2  cf 
Median = l +   h
 f 
 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  20  17  9
= 144.5     9 = 144.5 +
 12  4
= 146.75 mm
Ans : Hence, the median length of the leaves is 146.75mm

QUESTION : 5
The following table gives the distribution of the life time of 400 neon lamps :
Life time(in hrs) 1500 2000 2000 2500 2500 3000 3000 3500 3500 4000 4000 4500 4500 5000
Number of lamps 14 56 60 85 74 62 48

IX
Find the median life time of a lamp.
SOLUTION :

FL
Life time Number of lamps Cumulative frequency
(in hours) fi c.f .
1500  2000 14 14
2000  2500 56 70
2500  3000 60 130
3000  3500 86 216
R
3500  4000 74 290
4000  4500 62 352
4500  5000 48 400
E
n  400

n
IT

We have n = 400 so   th observations = 200th observations  median lies in the group 3000 – 3500.
2

Thus, median class is 3000 – 3500

Here, l = 3000, f = 86, cf = 130, n = 400, h = 500

P

n 
 2  cf 
JU

Median = l +   h
 f 
 

{200  130}
= 3000   500
86

35000
= 3000 
86
= 3000 + 406.98 = 3406.98 hours

Ans : Hence, the median lifetime of a lamp = 3406.97 hours.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

QUESTION : 6
100 surnames were randomly picked up from a local directory and the frequency distribution
of the number of letters in the English alphabets in the surnames was obtained as follows :

Number of letters 1  4 4  7 7  10 10  13 13  16 16  19
Number of surnames 6 30 40 16 4 4

Determine the median number of letters in the surnames. Fid the mean number of letters in
the surnames ? Also, find the modal size of the surnames.

SOLUTION :

IX
Number of letters Number of surnames Cumulative frequency
fi c.f .
1 4 6 6

FL
47 30 36
7  10 40 76
10  13 16 92
13  16 4 96
16  19 4 100
n  100
R
n
We have n = 100 so   th observations = 50th observations  median lies in the group 7 – 10.
E
2

Thus, median class is 7 – 10

IT

Here, l = 7, n = 100, f = 40, cf = 36, h = 3

n 
 2  cf 
Median = l +   h
 f 
P

 

 50  36 
JU

= 7 3
 40 
21
= 7 = 8.05 Ans : 8.05
20
QUESTION : 7
The distribution below gives the weights of 30 students of a class. Find the median weight of
the students.

Weight ( in kg ) 40  45 45  50 50  55 55  60 60  65 65  70 70  75
No. of students 2 3 8 6 6 3 2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

SOLUTION :

Weight Number of students Cumulative frequency

(in kg) fi c.f
40  45 2 2
45  50 3 5
50  55 8 13
55  60 6 19
60  65 6 25
65  70 3 28
70  75 2 30

IX
n  30

n
We have n = 30 so   th observations = 15th observations  median lies in the group55 – 60.
2

FL
Thus, median class is 55 – 60
Here, l = 55, n = 30, f = 6, cf = 13 and h = 5

n 
 2  cf 
Median = l +   h
R
 f 
 

15  13 
E
= 55   5
 6 
5
IT

= 55 
3
= 55 + 1.67 = 56.67 kg Ans : 56.67 kg
P
JU

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 NCERT EXERCISE – 4
QUESTION : 1
The following distribution gives the daily income of 50 workers of a factory.
Daily income (in Rs.) 100  120 120  140 140  160 160  180 180  200
Number of wor ker s 12 14 8 6 10

Convert the distribution above to a less than type cumulative frequency distribution, and
draw its ogive.
SOLUTION :

IX
Daily income (in Rs.) Number of workers
Less than 120 12
Less than 140 26

FL
Less than 160 34
Less than 180 40
Less than 200 50
R
On the graph, we will plot the points
(120, 12); (140, 26); (160, 34); (180, 40); (200, 50)
E

QUESTION : 2
IT

During the medial chekup of 35 students of a class, their weights were recorded as follows:

Weight ( in kg ) Number of students

P

Less than 38 0
Less than 40 3
Less than 42 5
Less than 44 9
JU

Less than 46 14
Less than 48 28
Less than 50 32
Less than 52 35

Draw a less than type ogive for the given data. Hence obtain the median weight from the
graph and verify the result by using the formula.
SOLUTION :
To draw the ‘less than’ type ogive, we plot the points (38, 0), (40, 3), (42, 5), (44, 9), (46, 14), (48, 28),
(50, 32) and (52, 35) on the graph.
n 35
Here   17.5
2 2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

Locate 17.5 on the y-axis. From this point, draw a line parallel to the x-axis cutting the curve at a point.
From this point, draw a perpendicular to the x-axis. The point of intersection of this perpendicular with
the x-axis determines the median of the given data as 46.5 kg.

 Median from the graph = 46.5 kg.

Median calculations :

Weight (in kg) No. of students Cumulative frequency

0  38 0 0
38  40 3 3
40  42 2 5

IX
42  44 4 9
44  46 5 14
46  48 14 28
48  50 4 32
50  52 3 35

FL
n  35

R
E
IT
P
JU

n
We have n = 35. So   th observation = 17.5th observations. So, median lies in the group of 46 – 48
2
i.e. Median class is (46 – 48) [See in the table]
n
We have l = 46,  17.5, cf = 14, f = 14 and h = 2.
2
Substituting these values in the formula of median, we get

n 
 2  cf 
Median = l +   h
 f 
 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  35 
 2  14 
= 46   2
 14 
 

17.5  14 
= 46   2
 14 
1
= 46  = 46.5 kg
2
Verification : We find that the median weight obtained from the graph is the same on the median

IX
weight obtained by using the formula.

QUESTION : 3

FL
The following table gives production yield per hectare of wheat of 100 farms of village.

Pr oduction yield ( in kg / ha ) 50  55 55  60 60  65 65  70 70  75 75  80
Number of farms 2 8 12 24 38 16

Change the distribution to a more than type distribution, and draw its ogive.
R
SOLUTION :
More than type distribution
E
More than 50 100
More than 55 98
More than 90 90
IT

More than 78 78
More than 70 54
More than 75 16
P
JU

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846