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Ex 03

The document outlines an experiment to test an induction type overcurrent relay using a Relay Testing Kit to plot its inverse characteristics. It explains the theory behind the relay's operation, including its adjustable time/current characteristics and the concept of pick-up current. The procedure for conducting the experiment and recording observations is detailed, concluding that the relay operates based on the induction principle to manage excessive current in AC circuits.

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balobristi
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16 views4 pages

Ex 03

The document outlines an experiment to test an induction type overcurrent relay using a Relay Testing Kit to plot its inverse characteristics. It explains the theory behind the relay's operation, including its adjustable time/current characteristics and the concept of pick-up current. The procedure for conducting the experiment and recording observations is detailed, concluding that the relay operates based on the induction principle to manage excessive current in AC circuits.

Uploaded by

balobristi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO.

03
NAME OF THE EXPEIMENT:-

Testing of Induction type based over Current relay using Relay Testing Kit to plot the inverse
characteristics.

OBJECTIVE:-

Testing of Induction type based over Current relay using Relay Testing Kit to plot the inverse
characteristics.

THEORY:-

A non-directional heavily damped induction disc relay which has an adjustable inverse
time/current characteristic with a definite minimum time. The relay has a high torque movement
combined with low burden and low overshoot. The relay disc is so shaped that as it rotates the
driving torque increases and offsets the changing restraining torque of the control spring. This
feature combined with the high torque of the relay ensures good contact pressure even at currents
near pick-up. Damping of the disc movement is by a removable high retentively permanent
magnet. The unique method of winding the operating coil ensures that the time/current
characteristics are identical on each of the seven current taps. Selection of the required current
setting is by means of a plug setting bridge which has a single insulated plug. The maximum
current tap is automatically connected when the plug is withdrawn from the bridge, allowing the
setting to be changed under load without risk of open circuiting the current transformers. The
IDMT relay has an auxiliary unit which is powered by a secondary winding on the electromagnet
through a rectifier and as such a separate auxiliary supply is not required. The disc unit operates
and closes its contacts, the auxiliary element connected across the secondary winding on the
electromagnet operates, and one normally open contact of the auxiliary element reinforces the
disc contact.

Pick-up Current: In all electrical relays, the moving contacts are not free to move. All the
contacts remain in their respective normal position by some force applied on them continuously.
This force is called controlling force of the relay. The current for which the relay initiates it
operation is called pick up current of relay.

Current Setting of Relay: The minimum pick up value of the deflecting force of an electrical
relay is constant. Again the deflecting force of the coil is proportional to its number of turns and
current flowing through the coil. Now, if we can change the number of active turns of any coil,
the required current to reach at minimum pick value of the deflecting force, in the coil also
changes. That means if active turns of the relay coil is reduced, then proportionately more
current is required to produce desired relay actuating force. Similarly if active turns of the relay
coil are increased, then proportionately reduced current is required to produce same desired
deflecting force. Practically same model relays may be used in different systems. As per these
systems requirement the pick-up current of relay is adjusted. This is known as current setting of
relay. This is achieved by providing required number of tapping in the coil. These taps are
brought out to a plug bridge. The number of active turns in the coil can be changed by inserting
plug in different points in the bridge The current setting of relay is expressed in percentage ratio
of relay pick up current to rated secondary current of CT.

For example, an over current relay should operate when the system current just crosses 125% of
rated current. If the relay is rated with 1 A, the normal pick up current of the relay is 1 A and it
should be equal to secondary rated current of current transformer connected to the relay. Then,
the relay will be operated when the current of CT secondary becomes more than or equal 1.25 A.
As per definition, the current setting is sometimes referred as current plug setting. The current
setting of over current relay is generally ranged from 50% to 200%, in steps of 25%. For earth
fault relay it is from 10% to 70% in steps of 10%. Hence, pick up current of the relay is, 1 x
150% = 1.5 A. Now, suppose fault current in the CT primary is 1000 A. Hence, fault current in
the CT secondary i.e. in the relay coil is, 1000 × 1/200 = 5 A. Therefore PSM of the relay is, 5 /
1.5=3.33

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

PROCEDURE:-

 First make sure that the mains supply is „Off‟.


 Connect terminal P (Phase) to terminal 1 and terminal N (Neutral) to terminal 2.
 Connect terminal 1 to terminal 3 and terminal 4 to rheostat terminal R1.
 Connect rheostat terminal R2 to terminal S1 and S2 goes to terminal C1
 Connect terminal S3 to terminal 5 and finally terminal 5 connect to terminals C2 &
terminal 2.
 Connect terminal CB1 to terminal 6 and terminal 7 to terminal NO2.
 Connect terminal CB2 to terminal NO1.
 Now connect terminal 8 & 9 across load terminals 10 & 11.
 Connect the external rheostat to terminal R1 & R2.
 Make sure that the Rheostat is at maximum position.
 Keep the single Phase variac knob is at zero position.
 Connect 15W bulb to bulb holder provided on the control panel.
 Check all the connection once again.
 Connect single phase mains cord to single phase socket provided at the back side of the
control panel.
 Firstly unscrew the cover of relay & set the plug at appropriate position as you want for
example set at 0.5A. After plug setting screw the cover.
 Switch “On” Single Phase Supply as well as MCB.
 If LCD is not „On‟ then use Reset switch.
 Set Single Phase Voltage at 50V through Single Phase Variac (inbuilt), that time switch
should be at „Off‟ position.
 Keep Switch at position “Current Set‟ and set the current through sliding rheostat above
settled plug multiplier value as specified in observation table.
 Now turn the switch at position “Off” ( At this position, circuit will gets open that is,
terminal S3 will neither connect to relay nor to neutral terminal “N”)
 Now turn the switch at position “Relay on” to connect the relay into the circuit and
consequently observe the trip time of the relay. ( At this position, circuit will connect to
the Over Current Relay)
 Record tripping time of the Over Current Relay into observation table.
 After tripping relay, switch set at „Off‟ position & get on the flag of relay provided at
bottom of relay cover.
 Takes number of readings by adjusting the current through rheostat and note down in to
the observation table.

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

Pick Up current is the value at which disc start to rotate.


GRAPH:-

CONCLUSION:-

This Induction Type Over current Relay works on the induction principle and initiates corrective
measures when current in the circuit exceeds the predetermined value. The actuating source is a
current in the circuit supplied to the relay from a current transformer. These relays are used on ac
circuit only and can operate for fault current flow in either direction.

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