Mzumbe University

Department of Education and Teaching

Educational Measurement and Evaluation

Question:

Find an achievement test in your field (preferably a multiple-choice item test) and do the

following:

a. Delineate content test is based on and draw up a blueprint for the test.

b. Follow the test development steps discussed in the course and critique the test.
 A. Achievement Test

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DODOMA CITY COUNCIL (DCC)

MARIA DE MATTIAS SECONDARY SCHOOL

COMMERCE TEST, FORM TWO

TIME : 1 :00HRS FEBRUARY 2022

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Answer ALL questions from this paper

For each of the following choose the best correct answer from the alternative given below
according to the demand of each question
1. Which of the following commercial activity help cover against unforeseen perils or
risk:
a) Advertising
b) Banking
c) Warehousing
d) Insurance
2. Which the following the best definition of commerce
a) Stock control in industries
b) Exchange and distribution of goods and services
c) Selling of consumer goods only
d) Selling of durable goods only
3. Which is the correct statement that explain that price elasticity is 0.25
a) Inelastic
b) Elastics
c) Perfect inelastic
d) Perfect elastic
4. In which the following industries deal with assemble already manufactured goods
and producing finished
a) Producing industries
 b) Constructive industries
c) Extractive industries
d) Manufacturing industries
5. Which of the following statement is true about commerce is a part
a) Trade
b) Economics
c) production
d) exchange
6. Which is main purpose of commerce
a) Make profit
b) Help customers
c) Help manufacturers
d) Bridge the gap between producer and consumer
7. Goods can mainly be classified as
a) durable goods and perishable goods
b) consumer goods and producer goods
c) consumer goods and economic goods
d) producer goods and free goods
e) producer goods and economic goods.
8. Which is the example of normal goods
a) Furniture
b) Tv
c) Clothes
d) Fish
9. What is the most correct definition of domestic trade
a) Buying goods within the country
b) Buying and selling goods with other countries
c) Buying and selling goods within the country
d) Selling goods within the country
10. Mr. Juma is the businessman who trade in agricultural product, his variable cost is
20% of total cost, of the total cost is 6000. What is the fixed cost
a) 1200
b) 6000
c) 4800
d) 7200

11. Who is the last link person on the commerce flow chart who is the final link person
a) Retailer
b) Consumer
c) Producer
 d) Wholesaler
12. Suppose you are self-employed in carpentry activities but you have spent two days
to produce dining table for your family; In which category does the production of
such table be grouped?
a) Indirect production
b) Direct production
c) Tertiary production
d) Direct services
13. Suppose you have attended a commercial debate with debate motion “aids to trade
is not necessary element of commerce”. Which option will you choose as correct to
oppose the motion?
a) Aids to trade support production and not commerce.
b) Aids to trade attract more buyers hence, low price for the goods.
c) Aids to trade facilitate trade to take place smoothly.
d) Aids to trade act as a link between commerce and production.
14. Mr. Mashikolo is an entrepreneur who own a retail shop at city center where there
are so many retails shop. “She succeeded in her business because she believes in
their self and her ability to achieve the goals set”. Which characteristics of
entrepreneur is described by such statement?
a) Goals settler
b) Long term commitment
c) Creative
d) Self confidence
15. Identify the appropriate international trade term which fit for the following
transactions; Tanzania has bought goods of Tsh.30 million from Canada
a) export trade
b) import trade
c) export
d) import
16. One of the form students argued that some characteristics of department stores and
multiple shops are similar. Which statement proves that the argument is correct
a) They all work under one roof and one management
b) They all sell the product of one manufacturer only
c) They all sell on cash basis and have centralized management
d) They all adopted centralized buying and decentralised selling
e) They are located in different areas and each branch has its branch manager
17. Find the price elasticity of demand using proportionate change method for maize
when demand falls from 800 kg to 600 kg due to increase in price from shs 40 per
kg to shs 60 per kg?
a) 3 4
 b) 4 −3
c) 20 21
d) 21 −20
18. Which is the correct classification of production
a) constructive, extractive and manufacturing industries
b) industries, commerce and direct services
c) industries, trade and aids to trade
d) home trade, aids to trade and direct services
19. Which of the following metrics is not a constant factor while moving upwards along
the supply curve?
a) The price of the commodity
b) The number of sellers
c) Expected future prices
d) Cost of the resources used for producing that commodity
20. Which of the following characteristics differentiate demand curve from supply
curve.
a) Upward sloping
b) Downward sloping
c) Vertical sloping
d) Horizontal sloping
21. The basic factors of production comprise the following:
a) land, labour and organization.
b) land, labour, organization and capital.
c) land, organization and capital.
d) land, labour and capital.
e) land, organization, capital and production.
22. Which of the following is the correct term about the meaning of variable cost
a) Remain fixed even if the product increase
b) change with the level of resource
c) sum of fixed cost and variable cost
d) different between total cost and fixed cost
23. Which of the following is the main problem of batter trade
a) problem of transport and communication system
b) problem of value of money
c) problem of double coincidence
d) problem of indivisibility of some items
24. The total goods consumer is willing to purchase at particular period of time is refers
as
a) Quantity demanded
b) price elasticity of demand
 c) Market demand
d) consumer demand
25. Which the following the correct statement about classification of trade
a) Export, and import trade
b) home trade and foreign trade
c) Wholesale and retail trade
d) Export, import and entrepot trade
26. Who is the retailer selling the good service where many people pass
a) mangoes retailer
b) market retailer
c) cash and carry retailer
d) road side seller
27. Under which the services provided by teachers, lawyers and police to their customer
are categorized
a) personal services
b) direct services
c) indirect service
d) public service
28. Ms. maganga’s total sales during the year 2018 was Tsh. 160,00/=. if her gross profit
was 20% of sales, what was the cost of goods sold during the year in Tsh.?
a) 128000
b) 32000
c) 192000
d) 160000
29. Which set presents large scale retailers
a) mobile, multiple shops and single shops
b) super markets, tied shops and mobile shops
c) multiple shops, super markets and mail order shops
d) single, multiple shops and department stores
30. What factor of production is characterised by value appreciation
a) labour
b) land
c) capital
d) entrepreneurship
Proposed Solution

i. Identification of the test and description of the source

The test was for the commerce subject, a Form Two class, and it was a monthly assessment for

February 2022. The test was obtained from Maria De Mathias Secondary School located in

Dodoma, Tanzania. The commerce subject teacher from the department of business studies was

contacted and assisted in acquiring the test. The test was a formative assessment consisting of 30

multiple-choice items. It was constructed to help the teacher, school, and students identify

strengths, weaknesses, and diagnose learning difficulties so that instructional strategies could be

improved to make informed decisions about enhancing students’ performance for the National

Summative Assessment, which is held at the end of the year.

ii. Development of blueprint

Before developing a blueprint, the following procedures were observed and considered

Table: Show the summary of action verb, skills, and learning objective for each question

Question Verbs used Level of Learning objective

number (anonymous) classification
(Bloom) “Student will be able to”
1 Identify Knowledge Identify function of commercial activity
2 Define Knowledge Define the commerce
3 Explain Comprehension Explain types of price elasticity
4 Define-Recall Knowledge Define different types of industries
5 Identify-Recall Knowledge Define scope of commerce
6 Identify/selects Knowledge Mention importance of commerce
7 Classify Analysis Classify types of goods
8 Example Comprehension Give examples of normal goods
9 Definition Knowledge Define domestic trade
10 Apply Application Calculate production cost
11 Identify Knowledge Draw and label the commerce flow chart
12 Examples/infer comprehension Examples of production activities
13 Choose/selects knowledge Describe the importance of aids to trade
14 Describe Comprehension Explain characteristics of entrepreneurship
15 Identify Knowledge Identify international transaction
 16 Similarities Analysis Compare departmental and multiple shop
17 Apply Application Calculate price elasticity of demand
18 Classify Analysis Classify production
19 Identify Knowledge Mention factors affecting supply
20 Differentiate Analysis Differentiate demand curve and supply curve
21 Identify Knowledge Identify factors of production
22 Define Knowledge Define variable cost
23 Recall Knowledge Mention problem of barter tared
24 Recall-define Knowledge Define terms used in quantity demanded
25 Classify Analysis Classify trade
26 Identify-Recall Knowledge Define different types of retailers
27 Examples Comprehension Give example of services
28 Apply Application Calculate business gross profit
29 Classify Analysis Classify types of retailers
30 Identify Knowledge Identify features of factors of production

Table: Grouping and classifying the similar/same learning objectives for each content under skills
Contents/ topics Learning objectives Skills No: of
“Student will be able to” questions
Concepts of Identify, and define term used in concepts of Knowledge 9
commerce
commerce; states importance of commerce
and problem of barter trade
Classify trade Analysis 1
Production Define types of industries, and production Knowledge 4
cost; identify factors of production
Give examples of goods and services Comprehension 3
Calculate production costs Application 1
Classify production and types of goods Synthesis 2
Demand and Define terms used in quantitative demand; Knowledge 2
supply
states factors affecting supply and demand
Explain types of price elasticity Comprehension 1
Calculate production costs Application 1
Differentiate demand and supply curve Synthesis 1
Retail trade Identify and define different types of small- Knowledge 1
scale retailer
 Calculate business gross profit Application 1
Analyze the types of large-scale retailer Analysis 2
Entrepreneurship Explain characteristics of entrepreneurship Comprehension 1

Number of questions in each content/topic

Content Question number Total questions
Introduction to commerce 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15, 23, 25 10
Production 4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 18, 21, 22, 27, 30 10
Demand and supply 3, 17, 19, 20, 24 5
Retail trade 16, 26, 28,29 4
Entrepreneurship 14 1
Total 30

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐

Weightage of the contents = x100
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠 (𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠)

Contents/topics Total questions Weightage of the contents

Concepts of commerce 10 10
x100 = 33.3%
30
Production 10 10
x100 = 33.3%
30
Demand and supply 5 5
x100 = 16.7%
30
Retail trade 4 4
x100 = 13.3%
30
Entrepreneurship 1 1
x100 = 3.4%
30
Total 30 100%

Table: Number of items for each objective and its percentages

Contents Knowledge Comprehensio Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluati Total
n on
Concepts of 9 1 10
commerce
9 1
x100=80% 10
x100=10%
10
Production 4 3 1 2 10
4 3 1 2
x100=40% x100=30% x100=10% x100=20%
10 10 10 10

Demand and 2 1 1 1 5
supply
2 1 1 1
x100=40% x100=20% x100= 20% x100=20%
5 5 5 5
Retail trade 1 1 2 4
 1 1 2
x100=25% x100=25% x100=50%
4 4 4
Entrepreneurs 1 1
hip 1
x100=100%
1

Total 16 5 3 6 30

Commerce test blueprint, February 2022

Class: Form Two Time: 1hr
Maximum marks: 30 marks Exam: Monthly test
Contents “Students will be able”

Knowledge Comprehensio Application Analysis Synthe Evaluat

n sis ion

Concepts of ...to identify, and ...to classify

commerce define term used in trade
concepts of
commerce; states
A B importance of
commerce and C D
problem of barter
trade
33.3% 10 90% 9 10% 1
Production ...to define types of …to give …to ...to classify
industries and cost; examples of calculate production
identify factors of goods and production and types of
production services costs goods
33.3% 10 40% 4 30% 3 10% 1 20% 2
Demand and ...to define terms ...to explain …to …to
supply used in types of price calculate differentiate
quantitative elasticity price demand and
demand; Lists elasticity of supply curve
factors affecting demand and
supply and supply
demand
16.7% 5 40% 2 20% 1 20% 1 20% 1
Retail trade …to identify and ...to …to analyze
define different calculate the types of
types of small- business large-scale
scale retailer gross profit retailer

13.3% 4 25% 1 25% 1 50% 2

Entrepreneurs …to explain
hip characteristics
of
 entrepreneursh
ip

3.4% 1 100% 1

Percentage of the B Number of items C Percentage of the 10 D Number of the test

A total test covering in the total test “row” items testing items for the
this topic covering this topic this objective objective

iii. General impression of test in terms of coverage of skills

The test assessed four skills out of the six skills of Bloom taxonomy. Skills tested were not

balanced in terms of number of questions for each skill assessed. It is more impressed that the first

two skills of lower-level thinking were more assessed compared others, but also the last two skills

of higher-level thinking were totally not assessed. 21 (70%) out 30 test items were from knowledge

and comprehension, only 9 (30%) were from application and analysis, and 16 out 21 were for

knowledge while 5 for comprehension. The number of questions for each topic were also not

reasonably balanced, as most of the questions (66.67%) were from two topics which were concepts

of commerce and production. The test succeeded to observe the rule of thumb which state that the

lower class should be assessed more the lower- thinking skills which are knowledge and

comprehension as test compiled the rule as 70% of the items were from lower thinking skills

Suggestions of how test can be improved

The number of items and skills should be balanced according to emphasis or importance (syllabus).

There should be slightly different in number of items assessed from each topic. To ensure that the

test is balanced the teacher was supposed to use blueprint method to reduce biasness in

constructing the test items and skills according to syllabus emphasis. Furthermore, some items

were written not following principle of constructing multiple choice items such the use of

incomplete statement and negative statement. Again, direction for the test was not clearly stated,

all these must be improved. Although it commendable that lower class should be assessed more
on the lower-level thinking skills which are knowledge and comprehension but this does not mean

that higher thinking skills should not be assessed, so the test items was supposed to include some

few questions for higher thinking skills. Moreover, the test items were supposed to be arranged in

accordance to the level of difficulty from easy, medium to difficult questions