SATYAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Satyam Nagar, Aralvoimozhy, Kanyakumari

District Tamil Nadu - 629 301
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi
Affiliated to Anna University,
Chennai

E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.satyamedu.org

LABORATORY RECORD

DEPARTMENT OF

This is to certify that, this is the bona-fide record of the work done
by Mr./Mrs. Reg. No.

in the Semester / Year

Laboratory during

Facuilty Member In charge Head of Department

Submitted before the Board appointed by the Anna University for conduct of MBA

Practical Examination held at Satyam College of Engineering and Technology on

External Examiner Internal Examine

BA4212 DATA ANALYSIS AND BUSINESS MODELING

(LABORATORY ) L TP C 0 0 4 2

OBJECTIVE :

to have hands-on experience on data analysis for business modeling.

S.No. Details of experiments Signature

Name
1 Descriptive Statistics
2 Parametric Tests
3 Non-parametric Tests
4 Correlation & Regression
5 Forecasting
6 Portfolio Selection
7 Risk Analysis & Sensitivity Analysis
8 Revenue Management
9 Transportation & Assignment
10 Networking Models
11 Queuing Theory
12 Inventory Models
Spreadsheet Software and Data Analysis Tools

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

1. Deep knowledge about the nature of data and conducting hypothesis testing using various
data analysis techniques
2. Facilitates to identify the relationship between variables using data analytical tools
3. Provides understanding about forecasting in real time business world using analytical
tools
4. Ability to conduct Risk and sensitivity analysis and portfolio selection based on business
data
5. Enhances knowledge about networking, inventory models and queuing theory using data
analytical tools
REFERENCES:

1. David R. Anderson, et al, "An Introduction to Management Sciences: Quantitative approaches

to Decision Making", (13th edition) South-Western College Pub, 2011.

2. William J. Stevenson, CeyhunOzgur, "Introduction to Management Science with

Spreadsheet", Tata McGraw Hill, 2009.

3. Hansa Lysander Manohar, "Data Analysis and Business Modelling using Microsoft Excel"
PHI, 2017.

4. David M. Levine et al, “Statistics for Managers using MS Excel" (6th Edition) Pearson,2010.

5. Minnick, C. WebKit for Dummies. John Wiley & Sons, (2012).

 SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies)
Ex. No: 1 General Experiment

Date: (CREATING A DATA FILE)

AIM:

To practice entering the Data in SPSS

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Go to All programs SPSS  SPSS statistics and click to open SPSS main window.

Step 2: Go to File  Open  Data to open the data sheet.

Step 3: It will ask for the destination to store the file. Select the destination folder in the

computer and name the document and click on save to save the statistics document file.

Step 4: Go to variable screen from the bottom toolbar of the sheet.

Step 5: Type the Variable Name, Type, Width, Decimal Points required and other required

information to create the variable.

Step 6: Use the same procedure for creates the required data variables.

Step 7: Go to data view table and type the data on the variable in the sheet.

RESULT:

Data have been stored in the table.

Ex. No:2a DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS (FREQUENCIES)
Date:

AIM:
To make Frequencies analysis using SPSS
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment No.
1
Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu.
Step 3: Now click Descriptive Statistics Frequencies from the Analyze sub – menu.
Step 4: Select the Variable1 from frequency table and take it to the Variable(s) list box by
clicking  button.
Step 5: Keeping all other options unchanged, click OK to execute command.
Step 6: The output will be published in a new window.
OUTPUT:
Frequencies
Statistics

AGE EDUCATION GENDER EXPERIENCE

Valid 10 10 10 10
N
Missing 0 0 0 0

Mean 3.0000 2.2000 1.3000 3.0000

Std. Error of Mean .47140 .38873 .15275 .47140

Std. Deviation 1.49071 1.22927 .48305 1.49071

AGE

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

< 20 2 20.0 20.0 20.0

20-25 2 20.0 20.0 40.0

25-30 2 20.0 20.0 60.0

Valid
30-40 2 20.0 20.0 80.0

>40 2 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 10 100.0 100.0

 EDUCATION

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

High school 4 40.0 40.0 40.0

Graduate in Arts and Science degree 2 20.0 20.0 60.0

Valid Graduate in professional degree 2 20.0 20.0 80.0

Post graduate degree 2 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 10 100.0 100.0

GENDER

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Male 7 70.0 70.0 70.0

Valid FeMale 3 30.0 30.0 100.0

Total 10 100.0 100.0

EXPERIENCE

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

< 1 year 2 20.0 20.0 20.0

1-5 years 2 20.0 20.0 40.0

5-10Year 2 20.0 20.0 60.0

Valid
10-20 YEAR 2 20.0 20.0 80.0

>20 YEARS 2 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 10 100.0 100.0

RESULT:
Descriptive Statistics (Frequencies) is conducted and the result is identified.
Ex. No: 2b DESCRIPTIVES

Date:

AIM:
To make Descriptive analysis using SPSS

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment No.
1
Step 2: Click Analyze  Descriptive Statistics  Descriptives
Step 3: Holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key to select Variable and move them into the Variable(s)
list box by clicking  button.
Step 4: Click the Options button to get the dialogue box.
Step 5: Select the desired statistics by clicking the appropriate check boxes. Minimum,
Maximum, Mean and Standard Deviation are selected by default. Here, we shall keep the
default selection of statistics.
Step 6: Keeping default value for Display Order click the Continue button to go back to the
previous dialogue box  click the OK button to execute the command.
Step 7: Following output shall be displayed in the Output Viewer Window
OUTPUT:

Descriptive Statistics

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

AGE 10 1.00 5.00 3.0000 1.49071

GENDER 10 1.00 2.00 1.3000 .48305

EDUCATION 10 1.00 4.00 2.2000 1.22927

EXPERIENCE 10 1.00 5.00 3.0000 1.49071

Valid N (listwise) 10

RESULT:
You see the title Descriptive followed by the Descriptive Statistics table and the result is
identified.
Ex No. 2c (CROSSTABS) [an observation of Cross-tabulation]
Date:

AIM:
To make Crosstabs analysis using SPSS
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Exp No. 1
Step 2: Click Analyze  Descriptive Statistics  Crosstabs
Step 3: Select Variable1 and move it to the Rows list box and select Variable2 and move it to
the Columns list box.
Step 4: Click the Cells button to get the dialogue box.
Step 5: This allows you to add additional values to your table. Click the check box to select
Observed, Expected in the Counts frame; and the Row, Column and Total in the Percentage
frame.
Step 6: Click the Continue button to go back to the previous dialogue box and then click the
OK button to execute the command.
Step 7: Following output shall be displayed in the Output Viewer Window

OUTPUT:
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

AGE * EXPERIENCE 10 100.0% 0 0.0% 10 100.0%

AGE * EXPERIENCE Crosstabulation

EXPERIENCE Total

< 1 year 1-5 years 5-10Year 10-20 YEAR >20 YEARS

Count 2 0 0 0 0 2

Expected Count .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 2.0

AGE < 20 % within AGE 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%

% within EXPERIENCE 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0%

% of Total 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0%

 Count 0 2 0 0 0 2

Expected Count .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 2.0

20-25 % within AGE 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%

% within EXPERIENCE 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0%

% of Total 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0%

Count 0 0 2 0 0 2

Expected Count .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 2.0

25-30 % within AGE 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%

% within EXPERIENCE 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0%

% of Total 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0%

Count 0 0 0 2 0 2

Expected Count .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 2.0

30-40 % within AGE 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%

% within EXPERIENCE 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 20.0%

% of Total 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 20.0%

Count 0 0 0 0 2 2

Expected Count .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 2.0

>40 % within AGE 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%

% within EXPERIENCE 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 20.0%

% of Total 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% 20.0%

Count 2 2 2 2 2 10

Expected Count 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.0

Total % within AGE 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 100.0%

% within EXPERIENCE 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

% of Total 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 100.0%

RESULT:
The output will display a heading Crosstabs followed by two tables – Case Processing
Summary and Variable1 * Variable2 Cross-tabulation and the result is identified.
Ex No.3a (HYPOTHESIS – PARAMETRIC) (One Sample t-Test)
Date:

When sample is less than 30 and population standard deviation is not known, t-distribution is
used instead if standard normal distribution. The dataset for our example of bulb life as claimed
by the manufacturer is shown in the following table: (H0: µ = 3000 & H1: µ ≠ 3000)

Users Bulb life Users Bulb life

1 2789 6 2600
2 2800 7 2895
3 2300 8 3175
4 3100 9 2500
5 2750 10 2400
AIM:

To make One Sample t – Test analysis using SPSS

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Enter data given in the table above in the data editor and save it as bulblife.sav.

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu.

Step 3: Now click Compare MeansOne–Sample t–Test from the Analyze sub – menu. A
dialogue box appears;
Step 4: Select the variable Bulb-Life (in hours) and move it in the Test Variable(s) box by
clicking  button.
Step 5: Type the hypothesized population mean value (in our example, 3000) in the Test Value
box.
Step 6: Click OK button to execute command.
Step 7: The output will be published in a new window.
OUTPUT:
T-Test
One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Bulblife 10 2730.90 285.681 90.340

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 3000

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower Upper
Bulblife -2.979 9 .015 -269.100 -473.46 -64.74

RESULT:
You will see the title t-Test followed by two tables – One Sample Statistics & One Sample
Test and the result is identified.
Ex No. 3b (Independent Sample t-Test)

Date:

AIM:

To make Independent Sample t – Test analysis using SPSS

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Exp No. 1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Now click Compare MeansIndependent Sample t–Test from the Analyze sub –
menu to get the dialogue box;

Step 4: Select the Variable and move it in the Test Variable(s) box by clicking  button.

Step 5: Click Define Groups assign code 0 to Group1 and 1 to Group 2and click Continue
button to return to previous dialogue box.

Step 6: Click the Options button to select the Confidence Interval. The dialogue box will
appear;

Step 7: Since the chosen value of α is 0.05, we keep the value of Confidence Interval of 95%.

Step 8: Click Continue and the OK button to execute the command.

Step 9: The output will appear in the output viewer window.

OUTPUT:
T-Test

Group Statistics

Users N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

0 0a . . .
Bulblife
1 1 2789.00 . .

a. t cannot be computed because at least one of the groups is empty.

RESULT:

You see the title t-Test followed by two tables – Group Statistics & Independent Sample Test
and the result is identified
Ex No. 3c (Paired Sample t-Test)
Date:

AIM:
To make Paired Sample t – Test analysis using SPSS

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment No.
1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Now click Compare MeansPaired Sample t–Test from the Analyze sub – menu to
get the dialogue box;

Step 4: Holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key to select two variables and shift them to Paired
Variable(s) list box by clicking  button in the centre.

Step 5: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.

Step 6: Keeping the default value of Confidence Interval Percentage click Continue button
to go to the previous dialogue box  and then click OK to execute command.

Step 7: The output will appear in the output viewer window.

OUTPUT:
T-Test
Paired Samples Statistics

Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Users 5.50 10 3.028 .957

Pair 1
Bulblife 2730.90 10 285.681 90.340

Paired Samples Correlations

N Correlation Sig.

Pair 1 Users & Bulblife 10 -.128 .725

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences t

Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower Upper

Pair 1 Users - Bulblife -2725.400 286.084 90.468 -2930.052 -2520.748 -30

RESULT:
The output displays three tables – Paired Samples Statistics, Paired Samples Correlations &
Paired Sample Test under the title t-Test and the result is identified.
Ex No. 3d (One-Way ANOVA)
Date:

AIM:
To make One-Way ANOVA analysis using SPSS

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Exp No. 1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Now click Compare MeansOne-Way ANOVA from the Compare Means menu to
get the dialogue box;

Step 4: Select and bring the variable1 to the Dependent List box and Select variable2 and bring
it to the Factor Text box by clicking  button in the centre.

Step 5: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.

Step 6: Select Descriptive, Homogeneity of variance test and Means plot click Continue
button to go to the previous dialogue box  and then click OK to execute command.

Step 7: In the output viewer window, table for the descriptive and ANOVA will be displayed

OUTPUT
Oneway
Descriptives

Bulblife

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum

Lower Bound Upper Bound

1 1 2789.00 . . . . 2789 2789

2 1 2800.00 . . . . 2800 2800

3 1 2300.00 . . . . 2300 2300

4 1 3100.00 . . . . 3100 3100

5 1 2750.00 . . . . 2750 2750

6 1 2600.00 . . . . 2600 2600

7 1 2895.00 . . . . 2895 2895

8 1 3175.00 . . . . 3175 3175

9 1 2500.00 . . . . 2500 2500

10 1 2400.00 . . . . 2400 2400

Total 10 2730.90 285.681 90.340 2526.54 2935.26 2300 3175

 ANOVA

Bulblife

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 734522.900 9 81613.656 . .

Within Groups .000 0 .

Total 734522.900 9

RESULT:

The output displays three tables – Descriptives, Test of Homogeneity of Variances &
ANOVA- under the title One-way, and one graph under the title Means Plot and the result is
identified.
Experiment No.4a HYPOTHESIS – NON-PARAMETRIC (Runs Test)

Date:

AIM:

To make Runs Test analysis using SPSS

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Exp No. 1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Now click Non-parametric Legacy Dialogues  Runs to get the dialogue box;

Step 4: Select Variable and move it to Test Variable List box by clicking  button.

Step 5: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.

Step 6: Select the desired statistics by clicking the appropriate check boxes Descriptive and
Quartiles Check boxes. Here, we shall keep the default selection of statistics.

Step 7: Click Continue button to go to the previous dialogue box  and then click OK to
execute command.

Step 7: The output will be displayed in the output viewer window.

OUTPUT
NPar Tests

Descriptive Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum Percentiles

25th 50th (Median) 75th

Bulblife 10 2730.90 285.681 2300 3175 2475.00 2769.50 2946.25

Users 10 5.50 3.028 1 10 2.75 5.50 8.25

 Runs Test

Bulblife Users

a
Test Value 2770 6

Cases < Test Value 5 5

Cases >= Test Value 5 5

Total Cases 10 10

Number of Runs 6 2

Z .000 -2.348

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 1.000 .019

a. Median

RESULT:

The output displays two tables – Descriptive Statistics and Runs Test are displayed under the
heading NPar Tests and the result is identified.
Experiment No. 4b (Chi – Square Test)

Date:

AIM:

To make Chi – Square Test analysis using SPSS

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Exp No. 1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Click Descriptive StatisticsCrosstabs to get the dialogue box.

Step 4: Select Variable1 and move it to the Rows list box and select Variable2 and move it to
the Columns list box.
Step 5: Click Statistics button to get the dialogue box.
Step 6: This allows you to add additional values to your table. Click the check box to select Chi-
Square  click Continue to return to the previous dialogue box.
Step 7: Keeping all other options unchanged, click OK button to execute the command.
Step 8: The output will be appear in output viewer window.
OUTPUT:
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

Users * Bulblife 10 100.0% 0 0.0% 10 100.0%

 Users * Bulblife Crosstabulation

Count

Bulblife

2300 2400 2500 2600 2750 2789 2800 2895 3

1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Users
6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 90.000a 81 .231

Likelihood Ratio 46.052 81 .999

Linear-by-Linear Association .147 1 .701

N of Valid Cases 10

a. 100 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .10.

RESULT:
Three tables – Case Processing Summary and Variable1 * Variable2 Cross-tabulation and
Chi-Square Tests– are generated under the heading Crosstabs on executing the command for
Chi-square test and the result is identified.
Ex No. 4c (Mann-Whitney U Test)

Date:

AIM:

To make Mann-Whitney U Test analysis using SPSS

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Exp No. 1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Click NonparametricLegacy2 Independent Samples to get the dialogue box.

Step 4: Select Variable and move it to Test Variable List box by clicking  button.

Step 5: Click Define Groups assign code 0 to Group1 and 1 to Group 2and click Continue
button to return to previous dialogue box.
Step 6: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.
Step 7: Select Descriptive and Quartiles options in Statistics frame by clicking them.
Step 8: Click Continue button to go back to the previous dialogue box and keeping all other
options unchanged.
Step 9: Click OK to execute the command.
Step 10: The output will be appear in output viewer window.
OUTPUT
NPar Tests

Descriptive Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum Percentiles

25th 50th (Median) 75th

AGE 10 3.0000 1.49071 1.00 5.00 1.7500 3.0000 4.2500

EXPERIENCE 10 3.0000 1.49071 1.00 5.00 1.7500 3.0000 4.2500

EDUCATION 10 2.2000 1.22927 1.00 4.00 1.0000 2.0000 3.2500

GENDER 10 1.3000 .48305 1.00 2.00 1.0000 1.0000 2.0000

Mann-Whitney Test

Ranks

GENDER N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

.00 0a .00 .00

AGE Male 7 4.00 28.00

Total 7

.00 0a .00 .00

EXPERIENCE Male 7 4.00 28.00

Total 7

.00 0a .00 .00

EDUCATION Male 7 4.00 28.00

Total 7

a. Mann-Whitney Test cannot be performed on empty groups.

RESULT:
Under the title – Npar Test, a table – Descriptive Statistics are displayed. Just below this table,
two more tables – Ranks and Test Statistics are displayed under the heading Mann-Whitney
Test and the result is identified.
Experiment No. 4d (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test)

Date:

AIM:

To make Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test analysis using SPSS

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment No.
1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Click NonparametricLegacy 2 Related Samples to get the dialogue box.

Step 4: Holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key to select two variables and shift them to Test Pairs list
box by clicking  button in the centre.

Step 5: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.

Step 7: Select Descriptive and Quartiles by clicking on respective check boxes.
Step 8: Click Continue button to go back to the previous dialogue box and keeping all other
options unchanged.
Step 9: Click OK to execute the command.
Step 10: The output will be appear in output viewer window.
OUTPUT

NPar Tests

Descriptive Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum Percentiles

25th 50th (Median) 75th

AGE 10 3.0000 1.49071 1.00 5.00 1.7500 3.0000 4.2500

GENDER 10 1.3000 .48305 1.00 2.00 1.0000 1.0000 2.0000

EXPERIENCE 10 3.0000 1.49071 1.00 5.00 1.7500 3.0000 4.2500

EDUCATION 10 2.2000 1.22927 1.00 4.00 1.0000 2.0000 3.2500

Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

Ranks

N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Negative Ranks 0a .00 .00

Positive Ranks 0b .00 .00

EXPERIENCE - AGE
Ties 10c

Total 10

Negative Ranks 2d 2.00 4.00

Positive Ranks 5e 4.80 24.00

EDUCATION - GENDER
Ties 3f

Total 10

a. EXPERIENCE < AGE

b. EXPERIENCE > AGE

c. EXPERIENCE = AGE

d. EDUCATION < GENDER

e. EDUCATION > GENDER

f. EDUCATION = GENDER

Test Statisticsa

EXPERIENCE - AGE EDUCATION -

GENDER

Z .000b -1.709c

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 1.000 .088

a. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

b. The sum of negative ranks equals the sum of positive ranks.

c. Based on negative ranks.

RESULT:
Descriptive Statistics table is displayed under the heading Npar Tests and two more tables –
Ranks and Test Statistics are displayed under the heading Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and
the result is identified.
Ex No. 4e (Kruskal - Wallis Test)

Date:

AIM:

To make Kruskal - Wallis Test analysis using SPSS

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Exp No. 1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Click NonparametricLegacy K Independent Samples to get the dialogue box.

Step 4: Select the Variable1 and move it in the Test Variable(s) and Variable2 in the
Grouping Variable box by clicking  button.

Step 5: Click Define Rangetype in 1 in Minimum and 3 in Maximum and click Continue
button to return to previous dialogue box.

Step 6: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.

Step 7: Select Descriptive and Quartiles by clicking on respective check boxes.
Step 8: Click Continue button to go back to the previous dialogue box and keeping all other
options unchanged.
Step 9: Click OK to execute the command.
Step 10: The output will be appear in output viewer window.
OUTPUT
Kruskal-Wallis Test
Ranks

GENDER N Mean Rank

Male 7 5.21

AGE FeMale 3 6.17

Total 10

Male 7 5.21

EXPERIENCE FeMale 3 6.17

Total 10

Male 7 6.36
EDUCATION
FeMale 3 3.50
 Total 10

Test Statisticsa,b

AGE EXPERIENCE EDUCATION

Chi-Square .214 .214 2.030

df 1 1 1

Asymp. Sig. .643 .643 .154

a. Kruskal Wallis Test

b. Grouping Variable: GENDER

RESULT:
Descriptive Statistics table is displayed under the heading Npar Tests and two more tables –
Ranks and Test Statistics are displayed under the heading Kruskal-Wallis Test and the result is
identified.
Experiment No. 5 CORRELATION
Date:

AIM:
To make correlation analysis using SPSS
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment
No.1
Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Click CorrelateBivariate to get the dialogue box.

Step 4: Holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key to select two or more variables and move these variables
to the Variables box by clicking  button in the centre.

Step 5: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.

Step 6: To find out Means and standard deviations for each of the selected variables, select
appropriate check boxes in the Statistics frame.
Step 7: Click Continue button to go back to the previous dialogue box and keeping all other
options unchanged.
Step 8: Click OK to execute the command.
Step 9: The output will be appear in output viewer window.
OUTPUT

Correlations

Descriptive Statistics

Mean Std. Deviation N

AGE 3.0000 1.49071 10

GENDER 1.3000 .48305 10

EDUCATION 2.2000 1.22927 10

EXPERIENCE 3.0000 1.49071 10

 Correlations

AGE GENDER EDUCATION EXPERIENCE

Pearson Correlation 1 .154 .424 1.000**

AGE Sig. (2-tailed) .670 .221 .000

N 10 10 10 10

Pearson Correlation .154 1 -.487 .154

GENDER Sig. (2-tailed) .670 .154 .670

N 10 10 10 10

Pearson Correlation .424 -.487 1 .424

EDUCATION Sig. (2-tailed) .221 .154 .221

N 10 10 10 10
**
Pearson Correlation 1.000 .154 .424 1

EXPERIENCE Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .670 .221

N 10 10 10 10

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

RESULT:
Under the major heading – Correlations, a table titled Correlations is displayed and the result
where identified.
Experiment No. 6 Regression
Date:

AIM:
To make Multiple Regression analysis using SPSS
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment
No.1
Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Click RegressionLinear to get the dialogue box.

Step 4: Select Variable1 and move it to Dependent text box and holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key
to select two or more Variables and bring these variables to the Independent(s) list box by
clicking  button in the centre.

Step 5: Keeping other options unchanged  click OK button to execute command.

Step 6: The output will be appear in output viewer window.

OUTPUT

Regression

Variables Entered/Removeda

Model Variables Entered Variables Removed Method

EDUCATION, AGE,
1 . Enter
GENDERb

a. Dependent Variable: EXPERIENCE

b. All requested variables entered.

Model Summary

Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the

Estimate

1 1.000a 1.000 1.000 .00000

a. Predictors: (Constant), EDUCATION, AGE, GENDER

 ANOVAa

Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Regression 20.000 3 6.667 . .b

1 Residual .000 6 .000

Total 20.000 9

a. Dependent Variable: EXPERIENCE

b. Predictors: (Constant), EDUCATION, AGE, GENDER

Coefficientsa

Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig.

Coefficients

B Std. Error Beta

(Constant) .000 .000 . .

AGE 1.000 .000 1.000 . .

1
GENDER .000 .000 .000 . .

EDUCATION .000 .000 .000 . .

a. Dependent Variable: EXPERIENCE

RESULT:
Under the title Regression, four tables – Variables Entered and Removed, Model Summary,
ANOVA and Coefficients – will be displayed and the result where identified.
Ex No. 7 FORECASTING
Date:

Calculates, or predicts, a future value by using existing values. The predicted value is a y-value
for a given x-value. The known values are existing x-values and y-values, and the new value is
predicted by using linear regression. You can use this function to predict future sales, inventory
requirements, or consumer trends. The dataset for our example of Tata Consultancy Services
Profit since March 2009 - 2012 is shown in the following table;
A B
Known X
Known Y
1 Time Period
Profit (in Rs. Cr.)
(Duration)
2 4696.21 March 2009
3 5618.51 March 2010
4 7569.99 March 2011
5 10975.98 March 2012

Syntax: FORECAST(x, known_y's, known_x's)

* The FORECAST function syntax has the following arguments:
 X Required. The data point for which you want to predict a value.
 Known_y's Required. The dependent array or range of data.
 Known_x's Required. The independent array or range of data.

AIM:
To describes the formula syntax and usage of the FORECASTfunction in Microsoft Excel.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Click Start  All Programs  Microsoft Office  Microsoft Office Excel 
Spreadsheet will appear on your screen.
Step 2: Enter data given in the table above in the spreadsheet.
Step3: Type the predict value of known x in B6th Cell as “March 2013”
Step 4:Type the FORECAST formula in A6th Cell as “=FORECAST (B6, A2:A5, B2:B5)”
press ENTER.
Step 5: The Predicts a value for y given an x value of March 2013 is shown in A6th Cell.
OUTPUT
A B
Known Y Known X
Profit (in Rs. Time Period
1 Cr.) (Duration)
2 4696.21 Mar-09
3 5618.51 Mar-10
4 7569.99 Mar-11
5 10975.98 Mar-12
12413.74665 Mar-13

RESULT:
We get the predict value of known y using forecast analysis for the year March 2013.
Ex No. 8 REVENUE MANAGEMENT
Date: Linear Programming – Minimizing & Maximizing

AIM:

To obtain feasible solution through Linear Programming using TORA

Problem
(i) Minimize Z = 2x1 + 3x2
Subject to x1 + x2≥ 5
x1 + 2x2≥ 6 and x1, x2≥ 0

(ii) Maximize Z = 3x1 + 2x2 + 5x3

Subject to x1 + 2x2 + x3 ≥ 430
3x1 + 2x3 ≤ 460
x1 + 4x2 ≤ 420 and x1, x2,x3 ≥ 0
PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Select TORA in windows

Step 2: Press any key to continue and select Linear Programming
Step 3: Enter new problem and give title (E.g. Linear Programming)
Step 4: Enter the Variables (X1…) and Constraints count
Step 5: Press Y for Yes and N for No for the queries
Step 6: Enter the user names for variables
Step 7: Type the objective function values as available in the problem
Step 8: Enter the Constraint Values for men and raw material
Step 9: Save the file and press enter, it shows solve and modify menu
Step 10: Select solve Option – Procedure – Automated Procedure and press Enter
Step 11: Select view solution/sensitivity summary from the Optimum menu and it displays the
optimum solution summary in the window.

RESULT:
We get the output for Linear Programming.
Ex No. 9a TRANSPORTATION & ASSIGNMENT
Date:

AIM:
To obtain Optimum Transportation cost using TORA

Problem
Distribution Centres
Availability
D1 D2 D3 D4
Origin S1 11 13 17 14 250
S2 16 18 14 10 300
S3 21 24 13 10 400
Requirements 200 225 275 250

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select TORA in windows
Step2: Press any key to continue and select Transportation problem
Step3: Enter new problem and give title (E.g. Sink)
Step4: Enter the Source and Destinations count
Step5: Press Y for yes and N for No for the User defined names
Step6: Enter the user names for Source and Destination if you pressed Y
Step7: Type the Supply (3) and Demand (4) values as available in the problem
Step8: Enter the Source values for different destinations
Step9: Save the file and press enter, it shows solve and modify menu
Step10: Select solve Option – Procedure – Automated Procedure and press Enter
Step11: Select view solution/sensitivity summary from the Optimum menu and it displays the
optimum solution summary in the window.
RESULT:
We get the output for Transportation Problem.
Ex No. 9b Assignment Problem
Date:

AIM:
To obtain Optimal Assignment using TORA

Problem
Machines
M1 M2 M3 M4
J1 5 7 11 6
JOBS
J2 8 5 9 6
J3 4 7 10 7
J4 10 4 8 3

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select TORA in windows
Step 2: Press any key to continue and select Transportation problem
Step 3: Enter new problem and give title (E.g. Machine)
Step 4: Enter the Source and Destinations count
Step 5: Press Y for yes and N for No for the User defined names
Step 6: Enter the user names for Source and Destination if you pressed Y
Step 7: Type the Supply (4) and Demand (4) values as 1
Step 8: Enter the Machine values for different Operators
Step 9: Save the file and press enter, it shows solve and modify menu
Step 10: Select solve Option – Procedure – Automated Procedure and press Enter
Step 11: Select view solution/sensitivity summary from the Optimum menu and it displays the
optimum solution summary in the window.

RESULT:
We get the output for Assignment Problem.
Ex No. 10 NETWORKING MODELS
Date:

AIM:

To determine the Critical Path for the projects using TORA

Data

Activity 1-2 1-3 1-5 2-3 2-4 3-4 3-5 3-6 4-6 5-6

Duration 8 7 12 4 10 3 5 10 7 4

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Select TORA in windows

Step 2: Press any key to continue and select Network models – Critical path (CPM)

Step 3: Enter new problem and give title (E.g. CPM1)

Step 4: Enter the number of nodes in project

Step 5: Enter the duration at the appropriate nodes – E.g. 1-2 means N1-N2 = 8 and there are no
1-4 activities so N1-N4 = inf

Step 6: Press F8, Save the file and press enter, it shows solve and modify menu

Step 7: Select solve Option – Procedure – Automated Procedure and press Enter

Step 8: Select view solution/sensitivity summary from the Optimum menu and it displays the
optimum solution summary in the window.

RESULT:
We get the output for Networking Models.
Ex No. 11 INVENTORY MODELS

Date:

AIM:

To Calculate the Economic Order Quantity using TORA

Data

A D K H P L Q C1 C2 Sigma Alpha

Inf 2000 3 2 0 1 - - - - -

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Select TORA in windows

Step 2: Press any key to continue and select Inventory models – General EOQ

Step 3: Enter new problem and give title

Step 4: Give the quantity discounts and buffer stock calculations if any by pressing Y otherwise
press N

Step 5: Enter the Production Rate, Demand Rate, Set Up Cost, Holding Cost, Penalty Cost,
Lead Time, Price Break Quantity, Price Levels etc
Step 6: Press F5, Compute solutions, it shows the value of EOQ, lead time, buffer stock, etc

RESULT:
We get the output for Inventory Models.