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STM-Unit-1-Hand Written Notes

The document discusses various aspects of software testing, including the importance of testing, types of bugs, and methodologies such as path testing and flow graphs. It outlines the history of testing, the goals of testing, and the consequences of bugs in software systems. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for quality assurance and the role of test design in preventing bugs.

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mamidihanishreddy
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88 views20 pages

STM-Unit-1-Hand Written Notes

The document discusses various aspects of software testing, including the importance of testing, types of bugs, and methodologies such as path testing and flow graphs. It outlines the history of testing, the goals of testing, and the consequences of bugs in software systems. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for quality assurance and the role of test design in preventing bugs.

Uploaded by

mamidihanishreddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT wes post -T: Trevoduclon. weer anne By puspost of esting. =7 pichotomies. _y Model tox testing =y consequences of bugs a7 tacconomy of bugs =7 Flow graphs and path testing 2 Basics concepts of path vesting: = predtartes paths =r poth preclicates and achievable =7 path senstiging. ath wnsteurnentotton. =7 P scaiffon of path -testing- =7 orp pert a Trvocluclon, ae purpose of Testing consumes atleast half of -the time 4). Testing anc} work arequinec| +o produce 2 unctioral program. D. Histovy sieveals hat even voll waxitten have 4-3 bUgS PO handed Programs st statements - x proclucttvity aod Quality I se geod's and other (Leones 4). Dh prvduction of consume evel manuf octiving stage subjected tog fsoro cormpanent products, contol and tes to quality tp Knal stage / 3). TE flaws ante dliscovere] at any’ stages the product ts etthor cliscardec| (oY) cycleel back, to eno ancl conmezuon + ps enn ahsol (aati) bu says? f * Goals tor Testing’ 4) Testing and test design o¥e ports of qualtty assurance that should also focus 09 bug prevention. 3). Phases tn testers mental Lie can be dividecl into the allowing 5 phases phase o: unti] 1956: (vebug ging ovtented) d. hene ts no aliffestence béluxcen seestin g and debugging. L 2). phase 0 = ». Design styler tohile. dlestgring sthe Sottuoane ¥ itself adopting stylistic objectives such as testability , openness and clantty aan do rch, to prevent bugs. . a “Dichelmtes = @u.(1 sting Vs Debug qing> Stn wf Debugging a. esng staxits with known |oclaggyng slods, frony | conctittons, uses preclefined |possboly unknowr) ‘ritial Proceclunes 2 has puectictable conditions and the end} jaan not be puedsetd outcorcas a (pf extopt: salistially. 2 testing aan be done by” ena | ‘sd Celugying can te [22 outs 1 [done by an mside ©. Function vs structures Stauchine sno] Fanction 4. | Tt takes the user point of The looks ak Ahe | View bother about tunchionality seoplernentation jand -tealienes and not the | etal __| params _tmpiernentetion 2. | Tn functional testing, the rng. styles corbin) | progrann (ov) systens is -ewedlad | rrethodl spurce Lenyft as a back box. database destgnory | coding details eat | Hinge ach as pyar | ° | | TNA eth @B)- ‘Desiyner Vs Testews- t clesi ‘ i. Test clesigne fs the person who destgns the test, wheieas the tester fede one who actually tests the code. during -tuocti » aq lune onal ~testin go nthe desynen and vestor ome probably Arffeunt persons @- Mocli last Vs effictency s- 4). A Module $6 a dtsuutz, well-defined, small componnnk of a Syitero. 2). Th be syster> fs wrodufasy ths tests can ale ve modular which nesulls ® the Af frcteall, of athe systern ac well a tm -the ethene al saling process. ©. srnatl vs Lonqe = 4. programming wm the small, ts iwhote ue. do toy puredyts tm the prtvecy ol us own olfices. mneans constwuckin 2. programming ta she lorge > proqomns shat consists ob many cornponents rout woryeen by many Atttenent pryoms ©. Builder Ve Buyer x Bullders who designs the cystero omd *s acountable -to athe {buyer * Buyers who pays tos -the systern IN the hon, of paroltts hom providing Senvice Sn, * Moclel tom “Testing | —Thewold The madel vod uncipded | The Exvivonment> Eenteormend 4 ood ka - yt | LS | Nees oo otockel rests | hon Sa ae [ee_pegrern| = [pregren® [wietuse | fray and A “4 | model KK Environments | dA pogroms envtyonment fs “the havclwaxe | and softwore mequinec| to make MH wn, 2). The ervtooment also Yocludes all programs that Imtenact wth and ane used to create athe prograrn undet test such as Os,ecttoy, compiler , etc. K program:- 3). Most programs ane 400 complicate ol to andes ~stand in detail to be, sienplit! B). The Concept of “the progr fs In odes to test if. a ad x Bugs 4).Bags ae rnoste fn sfelWous -than even we expect hem tv be. 2). -An unexpectect test mesutt roa tracks uc to change owt notion of what, a bug Fs ancl own model of bugs. *K Tests> ; (O. Wnit | component “tedtngs- . a). Dunit fs the ermallest testable | piece of guo that be compiled, assembled, Wakedl, loaded eke. 3. A unit is usually he work dl one pmgar A), Ay systern, f6,% bry component. 3, systern Testing, fe, aimed ot vevealiing bugs cont. Alhat cannot be athybuted to," Com a Consequences of bugs AY Milde The syrnptons of -the bug offend ug gently, a misspallecl output (oa misaligned pritertout. 2y, Modemate?~ outputs ane rtsleackng @) necundest ane bq Genpacks athe systems pertomarnce, ay. —Bonoying:- “he sysverns behaviown, because. of athe bug ts dehurnani ging. ay. Tistuatbing:- Tt sefuses to handle legrbtrnete sransactons. , Sy, Geofoust TE loses +O 6} Vow sottous + The bug caus do -the ummng transactions, ay. eactneme:- The problems ome not lerited to o 47 sets (oF) to -fero anansaction “uypes ‘2, intvlenahles- long tem unzecovetable conupiion of the clatabase occuns and -the Corruption fs nok castly cbscovenedl. ay. catastrophic: The cleciston to shut down fs taken out of oun hands becase she system ck of ts transaction, os the syste eto! Sai\s- 10). Trfectioust- What aan be voorise “than a-taled system ? one “that covupts othest systerns even “though, at does nok fail tr atself 5 shat edes -the ‘social physical environment that melts wentloys and statis a wan, ax Taxonomy of “Bugs 4‘). sthesie 15 MO univest sally! connect way to coke Gorge aaa : ds ts, not angi. K Basics Coneapts of path. seething : 4). path testing te a method “that *s used ko ~etystin destgn ~be rest ses: D. To design vest causes using thts technique, tout steps. abu followed; ©. contri) Flo Gppoph:. A control A ow cLesaph 1s a ainected graph whieh crepmeeents she comet struction of regen es) module 2) A. cortbiol graph an algo have thy Nocus. They aut” 1), Tunction Node: -A node. edith more than one orm enitaitng th. #) Decfsfon Nodes AV node wfth moae than one, orrroud lean ft. ‘Decisfor) Node i) Region Area bounded! by edges and nodes, a (AD Se Node 2) Regions. (uodeS) 8 (wed oD 2 cyclomatic Compleatty s- “he. eyclornatitc complete 4s said to be a measute ot “the logical complextty of a. progrann. ae + Sndepenclent- paths: An fnclependent- poh ™ the contsiol —tlevo ge As “the one * hitch! tritHoduces at least one neu edge -thatd has nvl- been traversed belinne. the path fs Adktinedl. ay, Design west cases “from dependent pathst- Faallly > atten exerting: ~the indlependent paths, test cases can be designed wdhete each desk ase vepmesents, one Con) rere. onclependlant paths. ,, * prectfcatest- ees 4). The togtea! Aunckfon evaluated! at a decision fs calle! potedicate. alepends on D. The Abection taken at a dectston she value of dectston vanialole: In Ceosepver R70, E4Y P=Tene %* path paedfanter™ Dd. predicate associated wth a path is alled path psredtacte. , nop # Examples “x fs qqiectert shan zeno"ts tne. AND “x+y 7 =90” as false. AND ‘ 7 : hy ae eho negate lo equal wo 49"5 ue. *K mult usa Branches The path taken Birough. a roultiioay branch euch as computed GioTD, Cace statment, (ord gamp ‘aeles cannot be dinechy expressed fo TRUE| FALSE terms. ae Thputss TH testing» the veore|) Topuct sok mestotcted +0 atoect inputs, Such as vestiables includes all data fw a arbroutine call, bute feneaced by the croutine whose Values abjectS ane Sixecd Peto to entetng od x Achievable paths= methoeloleyres, vachtevable iltoent paths (ov) scenanic the testing 3. Sh coltwoste testing ™ patos’ metest -co —the cus that can ibe taken aeing process: 2) Pe helps telentfly —the possible corntinatfons of anpuks and ations +o ensue “hough testing crrcra.ge. ect ebb * Gren ss » successhl eee wD comstect ‘username and passwd. , 2) Fotled logit usih Incosnect usemame lov) passicod. D hogin with a valid usestn are but an expireol password. nd legto ust a vals that has been dockecl,, A usesiname but © account * path Sensthiaing Pa ‘ d, most of the nomnal paths | ae voy casy 2). 3. +o sengilixe —gor/, -a5y, txansachion “flow coverage Coes) ts usually easy +o achfeve, The mernairing srnall percentage 4s oe very Attfvcutt- Ian Senstligatton ft ~the act oF dettring the ssansaction , AD. Ue athiwe ante sensetigation prblems on 3 D.09 the easy paths, then bel or either a wg fn +vansaction Howes (or) a destgn ng path anstruementaitions aeeee vane arnumenteition plays a byget mole. & tearsachion lou testing thant unite pate sealing 2) ae. information of -the path valjen tor o gin teonsatiion oust be. kept ustth | ~thak spansaciion & aan be secorded by o cenbjaf aecan godt on ditspatchor (ad by the godvrelucr! processing ymaduleas. 3). Tn Some systeros, ouch sores ane provictedl bey she operiting systerns Goda mering log 3 -Appliartions of path Ttesling- npplfcations Pa ed and paths is called) Gornponents matey ration , co verage L New Code v Mairttenance. Vy ye crehoiting Hi @. aHtgpalion, covmrage and qattes #8 called cornponents 2 pat. tailing milliods arc vnc weed “to anit oor neva softwere - cresting» espectally pvsk kested as 2) The wo Gornponert is + frdependent adit: with all called co and comequrstte coraponents ep laced by ponents stubs. @. New coder 3). Nud code drould aluays lot. gubjetbec! to - enough path esting +0 achieve G. Stubs ww used woh tH FS clean that she bug : poteritial -for- ~the stub is sigriticartly Lowes, shan that of the called cormponents. 2, Typtealy we wotll ‘any t0 use “the shortest entoy [ext path hat usil| co the tase. 3. Maintonan cet A). Tee % a great “aethdience belt een magn tanance testing ‘and new code eating. 2). Maintenance testing fs a completely dierent sttuation, tt ardlves Shoat Reson ubch ant accornmodatid tm -the systim. A. Pehosting 4) We qe A voy powertl , Mective , wchodtin process whey GtCo , covenage 16 teed fo J congunction with —aatomatic (or) semiaatoradtic stuctisel tect qe ators. 2 solbwane ts achocked because vt is no gers cost. effective 0 Support the environment an edich at suns the objective of nithoiling a8 bo change the operating envtrorments

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