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Oscillation

Oscillation refers to the periodic variation of a quantity around its equilibrium value, with examples including mechanical vibrations and heartbeats. Simple harmonic motion is a specific type of oscillation influenced by a restoring force proportional to displacement, as seen in pendulums and springs. The document also includes examples and calculations related to angular frequency, linear velocity, and total mechanical energy in oscillatory systems.

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10 views21 pages

Oscillation

Oscillation refers to the periodic variation of a quantity around its equilibrium value, with examples including mechanical vibrations and heartbeats. Simple harmonic motion is a specific type of oscillation influenced by a restoring force proportional to displacement, as seen in pendulums and springs. The document also includes examples and calculations related to angular frequency, linear velocity, and total mechanical energy in oscillatory systems.

Uploaded by

Kookie STAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OSCILLATION

Physics for Engineers


OSCILLATION
Oscillation is the process of repeating variations of any quantity
or measure about its equilibrium value in time. It is a periodic
variation of a matter between two values or about its central
value.

The term vibration is used to describe the mechanical


oscillations of an object. Even the beating of our hearts creates
oscillations. Objects that show motion around an equilibrium
point are known as oscillators.
EXAMPLES
OSCILLATION
OSCILLATION
OSCILLATION
OSCILLATION
OSCILLATION
ANGULAR FREQUENCY or VELOCITY (ω)

ω = 2πf ; ω = 2π/T ω is in rad/sec

Angular Quantities (Period, Frequency &


Angular Frequency) are found in periodic
motion. We may not see the circle directly
(just by looking at the pendulum or spring)
but if we plot the velocity against the position
of the oscillating object we get a circular
trace (orbit).
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
Simple harmonic motion is the motion under the influence of a
restoring force that is directly proportional to the displacement.
Ex : motion of a pendulum & spring
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION- Pendulum
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION- Pendulum
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION- Pendulum
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION- Spring
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION- Spring
Example
1. A certain pendulum has a period on earth of 0.5 seconds. What is its
period on the surface of the moon where g =1.67m/𝑠 2 ?

Given:
𝑇𝑒 = 0.5 𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ ; 𝑔𝑚 = 1.67 𝑚/𝑠 2 ; 𝑇𝑚 =?
Solution
𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑚 𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑚
𝜔𝑒 = 𝜔𝑚 = 𝐿=𝐿 2 = 2
𝐿 𝐿 2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑚 𝑇𝑒 𝑇𝑚
2
𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑚 =
𝜔𝑒 = 𝜔𝑚 2
= 𝜔𝑒 2 𝜔𝑚 2 𝑇𝑒 2 𝑔𝑒 = 𝑇𝑚 2 𝑔𝑚
𝐿 𝐿
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 0.5 2
9.81 = 𝑇𝑚 2 1.67
𝑔𝑒 𝑔𝑚
𝐿= 2 𝐿= 2𝜋 𝑻𝒎 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟏 𝐬
𝜔𝑒 𝜔𝑚 2 𝜔=
𝑇
Example
2. A simple pendulum 3.4 m long swings with an amplitude of 0.2 m.
a) Compute for the linear velocity of the pendulum at the lowest point.
b) Compute for the linear velocity when the arclength is just 0.12m.
Given:
𝐿 = 3.4 𝑚 ; 𝐴 = 0.2 𝑚; 𝑣 𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 =?
180°
Solution (a) 𝜃𝐴 = 0.0588 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑥
𝜋
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2𝑔𝐿 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝐴 𝜃𝐴 = 3.37°
𝐴 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2𝑔𝐿 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝐴
𝜃𝐴 =
𝐿
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2(9.81 (3.4) 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3.37
0.2
𝜃𝐴 = = 0.0588 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝒗𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒 𝒎/𝒔
3.4
Example
2. A simple pendulum 3.4 m long swings with an amplitude of 0.2 m.
a) Compute for the linear velocity of the pendulum at the lowest point.
b) Compute for the linear velocity when the arclength is just 0.12m.
Given:
𝐿 = 3.4 𝑚 ; 𝐴 = 0.2 𝑚;𝑣 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠 = 0.12 𝑚
180°
Solution (b) 𝜃𝐴 = 0.0353 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑥
𝜋
𝑣= 2𝑔𝐿 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑆 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝐴 𝜃𝐴 = 2.02°

𝑆 𝑣= 2𝑔𝐿 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑆 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝐴


𝜃𝑆 =
𝐿
𝑣= 2(9.81 (3.4) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2.02 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3.37
0.12
𝜃𝐴 = = 0.0353 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝒗 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕 𝒎/𝒔
3.4
Example
A spring with force constant k = 600N/m is Solution (a)
mounted vertically. An 0.8 kg 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜔𝐴
block attached to the end is undergoing 2
𝑘
SHM with an amplitude of 0.075m.There is 𝜔 =
𝑚
no friction force on the block. Compute 2
600 𝑁/𝑚
𝜔 =
a) The maximum speed of the block 0.8 𝑘𝑔
2
𝑟𝑎𝑑
b) The speed of the block when x = 0.03 m 𝜔2 = 750 2
𝑠
c) The total mechanical energy of the block 𝜔 = 27.39 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
at any point in its motion 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 27.39 0.075
𝒗𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟓 𝒎/𝒔
Given:
𝑁
𝑘 = 600 ; 𝑚 = 0.8 𝑘𝑔; 𝐴 = 0.075 𝑚
𝑚
Example
A spring with force constant k = 600N/m is Solution (b)
mounted vertically. An 0.8 kg
𝑣 = 𝜔 𝐴2 − 𝑥 2
block attached to the end is undergoing 𝑣 = 27.39 0.0752 − 0.032
SHM with an amplitude of 0.075m.There is 𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟖 𝒎/𝒔
no friction force on the block. Compute
a) The maximum speed of the block
b) The speed of the block when x = 0.03 m
c) The total mechanical energy of the block
at any point in its motion

Given:
𝑁
𝑘 = 600 ; 𝑚 = 0.8 𝑘𝑔; 𝐴 = 0.075 𝑚
𝑚
Example
A spring with force constant k = 600N/m is Solution (c)
mounted vertically. An 0.8 kg 1
𝑇𝑀𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 2
block attached to the end is undergoing 2
SHM with an amplitude of 0.075m.There is
no friction force on the block. Compute 1 2
𝑇𝑀𝐸 = 0.8 2.05
2
a) The maximum speed of the block
𝑻𝑴𝑬 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟖 𝑱
b) The speed of the block when x = 0.03 m
c) The total mechanical energy of the block Other Solution (c)
at any point in its motion 1 1
𝑇𝑀𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 + 𝑘𝑥 2
2
2 2

Given: 1 2
1 2
𝑇𝑀𝐸 = 0.8 1.88 + 600 0.03
𝑁 2 2
𝑘 = 600 ; 𝑚 = 0.8 𝑘𝑔; 𝐴 = 0.075 𝑚
𝑚 𝑻𝑴𝑬 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟖 𝑱
--end of presentation--

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