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Tutorial 2

This tutorial sheet covers topics in Linear Algebra including basis and dimension of vector spaces, Gauss elimination method, and rank of matrices. It includes exercises on determining bases, dimensions of subspaces, solving systems of equations, and finding ranks of matrices. The document is intended for students of the Department of Mathematics at IIT Kharagpur for Spring 2025.

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5 views

Tutorial 2

This tutorial sheet covers topics in Linear Algebra including basis and dimension of vector spaces, Gauss elimination method, and rank of matrices. It includes exercises on determining bases, dimensions of subspaces, solving systems of equations, and finding ranks of matrices. The document is intended for students of the Department of Mathematics at IIT Kharagpur for Spring 2025.

Uploaded by

adityamukherjee10052006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Algebra, Numerical and Complex Analysis (MA11004)

Department of Mathematics
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Tutorial sheet 2, Spring 2025

Topics: Basis and dimension of vector spaces; Gauss elimination method to solve system of
linear equations; Rank of a matrix; Solution of system of equations using rank concept; Gauss
Jordan’s method to compute inverse of a matrix.

1. Determine which of the following sets form a basis of the respective vector spaces and
justify your answer:

(a) {4t2 − 2t + 3, 6t2 − t + 4, 8t2 − 8t + 7} of P2 (R), the vector space of polynomials in t


over R of degree at most 2.
(b) Let V be a real vector space with {u, v, w} as a basis. Check whether {u + v + w, v +
w, w} is also a basis of V .
       
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
(c) , , , for M2×2 (R), the vector space of all
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
2 × 2 matrices over R.

2. Determine a basis and the dimension of the following subspaces:

(a) The subspace V of all 2 × 2 real symmetric matrices of M2×2 (R).


(b) The subspace U = {(x, y, z, w) ∈ R4 : x + 2y − z = 0, 2x + y + w = 0} of R4 .
 Z 1 
(c) The subspace U = p(t) ∈ P4 (R) : p(t)dt = 0 of P4 (R).
−1

3. (a) If U = span({(1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 3)}), W = span({(1, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1)}), show that U and W
are subspaces of R3 . Find the dimensions of the subspaces U , W , U + W and U ∩ W
of R3 .

(b) Find the dimension of the vector space V = A = (aij )n×n : aij ∈ C, aij = −aji
over the field R.
(c) Let V be the vector space C 5 [a, b] over R, where

C 5 [a, b] = {f : [a, b] → R | f is a 5 times continuously differentiable function}.


d4 f 2
+ 2 ddt2f − f = 0 . Find the dimensions of V and W .

Let W = f ∈ V : dt4

4. Let Pm (R) be the vector space of all polynomials in t over R of degree at most m. Let
S = {p0 (t), p1 (t), . . . , pm (t)} ⊂ Pm (R) such that pj (2) = 0 for j = 0, 1, . . . , m. Prove that
S is not linearly independent in Pm (R).

5. Solve the following system of equations by Gauss-elimination method:

(a) 9x + 3y + 4z = 7 (b) x + 2y + 3z + 2w = −1
4x + 3y + 4z = 8 −x − 2y − 2z + w = 2
x+y+z =3 2x + 4y + 8z + 12w = 4

1
6. Find therank of the matrix A where  
1 0 3 2 3 −1 1
(i) A = 4 −1 5 . (ii) A = 3 0 4 2
2 0 6 6 9 −3 3
7. Determine the rank of the followingmatrices by reducing to row echelon form.
 
  0 0 2 2 0
1 2 1 0 1 3 2 4 1
(a) 2 4 8 6 (b) 2 6

2 6 2
3 6 6 3
3 9 1 10 6
 
1 x x
8. Find all x such that the rank of the matrix x
 1 x is less than 3.
x x 1
9. Find the value of k for which the system of equations has a non-trivial solution.

x + 2y + z = 0
2x + y + 3z = 0
x + ky + 3z = 0

10. Solve the system of equations in integers

x + 2y + z = 1
3x + y + 2z = 3
x + 7y + 2z = 1

11. Determine whether the following non-homogenous system of equation has a solution or
not.

x + 2y + z − 3w = 1
2x + 4y + 3z + w = 3
3x + 6y + 4z − 2w = 5

12. Determine the condition for which the system

x+y+z =b
2x + y + 3z = b + 1
5x + 2y + az = b2

admits (i) only one solution, (ii) no solution, (iii) infinitely many solutions.

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