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Computer Science Computer Science

The term 'Boolean' derives from the surname of the 19th century mathematician, George Boole. His shorthand notation for logic Data Representation
was based on theories set forth by Aristotle and others. Binary Numbers
Hexadecimal Numbers
In short, a boolean variable can hold one of two values, true or false. Often, these variables are recast to 1 and 0 in computers.
Character Coding Schemes
We can see how these boolean values are represented in a simple circuit in the following diagram, Error Detection & Correction
Bitmapped & Vector Graphics
Image Compression Techniques
Sound
Real Numbers
Logic Gates - Truth Tables
Logic Gates - Diagrams
Boolean Algebra
Program Design
Principles Of Computation
Problem Solving
Hierarchy Charts
Stepwise Refinement
Finite State Machines
When the circuit is completed, we get the boolean value of 1, when it is not complete, we get a value of 0. State Transition Tables
Decision Tables
The OR Function Algorithm Design
Structured English
Pseudocode
Program Flowcharts
Dry-Running
Programming
Structure Charts
Structured Programming
Testing
Finite State Machines
Turing Machines
Types Of Problem
The Systems Life Cycle
Hardware & Software
Computer Architecture
The Stored Program Concept
Structure Of The Processor
Machine Code Operations
The OR function has two inputs, X & Y. The output for each combination of inputs is shown in the truth table below. The Fetch-Execute Cycle
Operating Systems
X Y Q
Input Devices
0 0 0 Output Devices
Storage Devices
0 1 1 Classification Of Software

1 0 1 Networks
The Internet
1 1 1 Domain Names & IP
TCP/IP Protocol
The OR function returns a 1 if either or both of the inputs are 1. Web Design
The Boolean equation for this circuit describes the output Q in terms of the inputs, X and Y. We use the addition sign to indicate Communication Methods
OR. Networks
X+Y=Q Networks 2
Server-Side Scripting
The AND Function Internet & Computer Security
Databases
Entity Relationship Modelling
Database Design
Structured Query Language
Data Structures
The AND function takes two inputs and produces an output based on those values. Stacks
Queues
The truth table is as follows. Linear Lists
X Y Q Linked Lists
Graphs
0 0 0
Trees
0 1 0 Algorithms
Recursion
1 0 0
Binary Search
Insertion Sort
1 1 1
Hashing
The Boolean equation for this circuit describes the output Q in terms of the inputs, X and Y. We use the full stop to indicate AND. Simulations
Comparing Algorithms
X.Y = Q
Other
The NOT Function Computers & The Law

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Computer Science http://www.multiwingspan.co.uk/as2.php?page=truth

The NOT function takes a single input. The output is always the inverse of the input. Abstraction
Regular Expressions
Y Q
Backus-Naur Form
0 1 Reverse Polish Notation
Programming Paradigms
1 0
Object Oriented Programming
We draw a bar over any variable that is passed through a NOT gate.
X=Q

Other Functions
The three functions that you have seen so far are the fundamental functions. By combining the circuits that represent these
functions, we can create some ones which are also useful to us.
Three other functions that you will meet are,
Exclusive Or (XOR)
NAND
NOR

XOR
X Y Q
0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

The XOR function takes two inputs and returns true if either (but not both) are set to 1. The boolean equation for this is,
A.B + A.B = Q

NAND
The NAND function is a combination of the AND & NOT functions. It's truth table is as follows,
X Y Q
0 0 1

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

Since NAND means NOT AND, we only get an output of false if both inputs are true. The boolean expression for this function is,
A.B = Q

NOR
The NOR function is a combination of the OR & NOT functions. It's truth table is as follows,
X Y Q
0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 0

Since NOR means NOT OR, we only get an output of false if both inputs are false. The boolean expression for this function is,
A+B=Q

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