STATISTICAL TABLES 1

TABLE A.1
Standardized normal distribution(Z-table)

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STATISTICAL TABLES 2

TABLE A.1

Cumulative Standardized Normal Distribution

A(z) is the integral of the standardized normal

distribution from   to z (in other words, the
area under the curve to the left of z). It gives the
probability of a normal random variable not
A(z) being more than z standard deviations above its
mean. Values of z of particular importance:

z A(z)
1.645 0.9500 Lower limit of right 5% tail
1.960 0.9750 Lower limit of right 2.5% tail
2.326 0.9900 Lower limit of right 1% tail
2.576 0.9950 Lower limit of right 0.5% tail
3.090 0.9990 Lower limit of right 0.1% tail
3.291 0.9995 Lower limit of right 0.05% tail
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 z 2 3 4

z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986
3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990
3.1 0.9990 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993
3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995
3.3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997
3.4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998
3.5 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998
3.6 0.9998 0.9998 0.9999

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CUMULATIVE PROBABILITIES FOR THE STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Entries in this table

give the area under the
curve to the left of the
Cumulative z value. For example, for
probability z = –.85, the cumulative
probability is .1977.

z 0

z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09

⫺3.0 .0013 .0013 .0013 .0012 .0012 .0011 .0011 .0011 .0010 .0010

⫺2.9 .0019 .0018 .0018 .0017 .0016 .0016 .0015 .0015 .0014 .0014
⫺2.8 .0026 .0025 .0024 .0023 .0023 .0022 .0021 .0021 .0020 .0019
⫺2.7 .0035 .0034 .0033 .0032 .0031 .0030 .0029 .0028 .0027 .0026
⫺2.6 .0047 .0045 .0044 .0043 .0041 .0040 .0039 .0038 .0037 .0036
⫺2.5 .0062 .0060 .0059 .0057 .0055 .0054 .0052 .0051 .0049 .0048

⫺2.4 .0082 .0080 .0078 .0075 .0073 .0071 .0069 .0068 .0066 .0064
⫺2.3 .0107 .0104 .0102 .0099 .0096 .0094 .0091 .0089 .0087 .0084
⫺2.2 .0139 .0136 .0132 .0129 .0125 .0122 .0119 .0116 .0113 .0110
⫺2.1 .0179 .0174 .0170 .0166 .0162 .0158 .0154 .0150 .0146 .0143
⫺2.0 .0228 .0222 .0217 .0212 .0207 .0202 .0197 .0192 .0188 .0183

⫺1.9 .0287 .0281 .0274 .0268 .0262 .0256 .0250 .0244 .0239 .0233
⫺1.8 .0359 .0351 .0344 .0336 .0329 .0322 .0314 .0307 .0301 .0294
⫺1.7 .0446 .0436 .0427 .0418 .0409 .0401 .0392 .0384 .0375 .0367
⫺1.6 .0548 .0537 .0526 .0516 .0505 .0495 .0485 .0475 .0465 .0455
⫺1.5 .0668 .0655 .0643 .0630 .0618 .0606 .0594 .0582 .0571 .0559

⫺1.4 .0808 .0793 .0778 .0764 .0749 .0735 .0721 .0708 .0694 .0681
⫺1.3 .0968 .0951 .0934 .0918 .0901 .0885 .0869 .0853 .0838 .0823
⫺1.2 .1151 .1131 .1112 .1093 .1075 .1056 .1038 .1020 .1003 .0985
⫺1.1 .1357 .1335 .1314 .1292 .1271 .1251 .1230 .1210 .1190 .1170
⫺1.0 .1587 .1562 .1539 .1515 .1492 .1469 .1446 .1423 .1401 .1379

⫺.9 .1841 .1814 .1788 .1762 .1736 .1711 .1685 .1660 .1635 .1611
⫺.8 .2119 .2090 .2061 .2033 .2005 .1977 .1949 .1922 .1894 .1867
⫺.7 .2420 .2389 .2358 .2327 .2296 .2266 .2236 .2206 .2177 .2148
⫺.6 .2743 .2709 .2676 .2643 .2611 .2578 .2546 .2514 .2483 .2451
⫺.5 .3085 .3050 .3015 .2981 .2946 .2912 .2877 .2843 .2810 .2776

⫺.4 .3446 .3409 .3372 .3336 .3300 .3264 .3228 .3192 .3156 .3121
⫺.3 .3821 .3783 .3745 .3707 .3669 .3632 .3594 .3557 .3520 .3483
⫺.2 .4207 .4168 .4129 .4090 .4052 .4013 .3974 .3936 .3897 .3859
⫺.1 .4602 .4562 .4522 .4483 .4443 .4404 .4364 .4325 .4286 .4247
⫺.0 .5000 .4960 .4920 .4880 .4840 .4801 .4761 .4721 .4681 .4641
STATISTICAL TABLES 3

TABLE A.2
t Distribution: Critical Values of t

Significance level
Degrees of Two-tailed test: 10% 5% 2% 1% 0.2% 0.1%
freedom One-tailed test: 5% 2.5% 1% 0.5% 0.1% 0.05%
1 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 318.309 636.619
2 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 22.327 31.599
3 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 10.215 12.924
4 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 7.173 8.610
5 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5.893 6.869
6 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.208 5.959
7 1.894 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.785 5.408
8 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 4.501 5.041
9 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.297 4.781
10 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.144 4.587
11 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.025 4.437
12 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.930 4.318
13 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.852 4.221
14 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.787 4.140
15 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.733 4.073
16 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.686 4.015
17 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.646 3.965
18 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.610 3.922
19 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.579 3.883
20 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.552 3.850
21 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.527 3.819
22 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.505 3.792
23 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.485 3.768
24 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.467 3.745
25 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.450 3.725
26 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.435 3.707
27 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.421 3.690
28 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.408 3.674
29 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.396 3.659
30 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.385 3.646
32 1.694 2.037 2.449 2.738 3.365 3.622
34 1.691 2.032 2.441 2.728 3.348 3.601
36 1.688 2.028 2.434 2.719 3.333 3.582
38 1.686 2.024 2.429 2.712 3.319 3.566
40 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.307 3.551
42 1.682 2.018 2.418 2.698 3.296 3.538
44 1.680 2.015 2.414 2.692 3.286 3.526
46 1.679 2.013 2.410 2.687 3.277 3.515
48 1.677 2.011 2.407 2.682 3.269 3.505
50 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 3.261 3.496
60 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.232 3.460
70 1.667 1.994 2.381 2.648 3.211 3.435
80 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 3.195 3.416
90 1.662 1.987 2.368 2.632 3.183 3.402
100 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 3.174 3.390
120 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617 3.160 3.373
150 1.655 1.976 2.351 2.609 3.145 3.357
200 1.653 1.972 2.345 2.601 3.131 3.340
300 1.650 1.968 2.339 2.592 3.118 3.323
400 1.649 1.966 2.336 2.588 3.111 3.315
500 1.648 1.965 2.334 2.586 3.107 3.310
600 1.647 1.964 2.333 2.584 3.104 3.307
 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.090 3.291

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STATISTICAL TABLES 4

TABLE A.3
Critical Values of Chi-Square

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STATISTICAL TABLES 5
TABLE A.4

F Distribution: Critical Values of F (5% significance level)

v1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20
v2
1 161.45 199.50 215.71 224.58 230.16 233.99 236.77 238.88 240.54 241.88 243.91 245.36 246.46 247.32 248.01
2 18.51 19.00 19.16 19.25 19.30 19.33 19.35 19.37 19.38 19.40 19.41 19.42 19.43 19.44 19.45
3 10.13 9.55 9.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.89 8.85 8.81 8.79 8.74 8.71 8.69 8.67 8.66
4 7.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.09 6.04 6.00 5.96 5.91 5.87 5.84 5.82 5.80
5 6.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.88 4.82 4.77 4.74 4.68 4.64 4.60 4.58 4.56
6 5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.15 4.10 4.06 4.00 3.96 3.92 3.90 3.87
7 5.59 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.64 3.57 3.53 3.49 3.47 3.44
8 5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.50 3.44 3.39 3.35 3.28 3.24 3.20 3.17 3.15
9 5.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.14 3.07 3.03 2.99 2.96 2.94
10 4.96 4.10 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.91 2.86 2.83 2.80 2.77
11 4.84 3.98 3.59 3.36 3.20 3.09 3.01 2.95 2.90 2.85 2.79 2.74 2.70 2.67 2.65
12 4.75 3.89 3.49 3.26 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.69 2.64 2.60 2.57 2.54
13 4.67 3.81 3.41 3.18 3.03 2.92 2.83 2.77 2.71 2.67 2.60 2.55 2.51 2.48 2.46
14 4.60 3.74 3.34 3.11 2.96 2.85 2.76 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.53 2.48 2.44 2.41 2.39
15 4.54 3.68 3.29 3.06 2.90 2.79 2.71 2.64 2.59 2.54 2.48 2.42 2.38 2.35 2.33
16 4.49 3.63 3.24 3.01 2.85 2.74 2.66 2.59 2.54 2.49 2.42 2.37 2.33 2.30 2.28
17 4.45 3.59 3.20 2.96 2.81 2.70 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.45 2.38 2.33 2.29 2.26 2.23
18 4.41 3.55 3.16 2.93 2.77 2.66 2.58 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.34 2.29 2.25 2.22 2.19
19 4.38 3.52 3.13 2.90 2.74 2.63 2.54 2.48 2.42 2.38 2.31 2.26 2.21 2.18 2.16
20 4.35 3.49 3.10 2.87 2.71 2.60 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.35 2.28 2.22 2.18 2.15 2.12
21 4.32 3.47 3.07 2.84 2.68 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.25 2.20 2.16 2.12 2.10
22 4.30 3.44 3.05 2.82 2.66 2.55 2.46 2.40 2.34 2.30 2.23 2.17 2.13 2.10 2.07
23 4.28 3.42 3.03 2.80 2.64 2.53 2.44 2.37 2.32 2.27 2.20 2.15 2.11 2.08 2.05
24 4.26 3.40 3.01 2.78 2.62 2.51 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.25 2.18 2.13 2.09 2.05 2.03
25 4.24 3.39 2.99 2.76 2.60 2.49 2.40 2.34 2.28 2.24 2.16 2.11 2.07 2.04 2.01
26 4.22 3.37 2.98 2.74 2.59 2.47 2.39 2.32 2.27 2.22 2.15 2.09 2.05 2.02 1.99
27 4.21 3.35 2.96 2.73 2.57 2.46 2.37 2.31 2.25 2.20 2.13 2.08 2.04 2.00 1.97
28 4.20 3.34 2.95 2.71 2.56 2.45 2.36 2.29 2.24 2.19 2.12 2.06 2.02 1.99 1.96
29 4.18 3.33 2.93 2.70 2.55 2.43 2.35 2.28 2.22 2.18 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.97 1.94
30 4.17 3.32 2.92 2.69 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.09 2.04 1.99 1.96 1.93
35 4.12 3.27 2.87 2.64 2.49 2.37 2.29 2.22 2.16 2.11 2.04 1.99 1.94 1.91 1.88
40 4.08 3.23 2.84 2.61 2.45 2.34 2.25 2.18 2.12 2.08 2.00 1.95 1.90 1.87 1.84
50 4.03 3.18 2.79 2.56 2.40 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.07 2.03 1.95 1.89 1.85 1.81 1.78
60 4.00 3.15 2.76 2.53 2.37 2.25 2.17 2.10 2.04 1.99 1.92 1.86 1.82 1.78 1.75
70 3.98 3.13 2.74 2.50 2.35 2.23 2.14 2.07 2.02 1.97 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.75 1.72
80 3.96 3.11 2.72 2.49 2.33 2.21 2.13 2.06 2.00 1.95 1.88 1.82 1.77 1.73 1.70
90 3.95 3.10 2.71 2.47 2.32 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.99 1.94 1.86 1.80 1.76 1.72 1.69
100 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.46 2.31 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.97 1.93 1.85 1.79 1.75 1.71 1.68
120 3.92 3.07 2.68 2.45 2.29 2.18 2.09 2.02 1.96 1.91 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.66
150 3.90 3.06 2.66 2.43 2.27 2.16 2.07 2.00 1.94 1.89 1.82 1.76 1.71 1.67 1.64
200 3.89 3.04 2.65 2.42 2.26 2.14 2.06 1.98 1.93 1.88 1.80 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.62
250 3.88 3.03 2.64 2.41 2.25 2.13 2.05 1.98 1.92 1.87 1.79 1.73 1.68 1.65 1.61
300 3.87 3.03 2.63 2.40 2.24 2.13 2.04 1.97 1.91 1.86 1.78 1.72 1.68 1.64 1.61
400 3.86 3.02 2.63 2.39 2.24 2.12 2.03 1.96 1.90 1.85 1.78 1.72 1.67 1.63 1.60
500 3.86 3.01 2.62 2.39 2.23 2.12 2.03 1.96 1.90 1.85 1.77 1.71 1.66 1.62 1.59
600 3.86 3.01 2.62 2.39 2.23 2.11 2.02 1.95 1.90 1.85 1.77 1.71 1.66 1.62 1.59
750 3.85 3.01 2.62 2.38 2.23 2.11 2.02 1.95 1.89 1.84 1.77 1.70 1.66 1.62 1.58
1000 3.85 3.00 2.61 2.38 2.22 2.11 2.02 1.95 1.89 1.84 1.76 1.70 1.65 1.61 1.58