Short Questions & Answers

1. Q: What are the three types of functions in Python? A: Built-in functions, functions defined in modules, and user-
defined functions.
2. Q: How do you create a user-defined function in Python? A: By using the def keyword followed by the function
name and a pair of parentheses containing the parameters.
3. Q: What are the two types of parameters in Python functions? A: Posi4onal parameters and default parameters.
4. Q: How do you define a default parameter in a Python function? A: By assigning a default value to a parameter
using the equal sign (e.g., def my_func+on(x, y=5):).
5. Q: Can a Python function return mul4ple values? A: Yes, by returning them as a tuple or another collec4on type
(e.g., list or dic4onary).
6. Q: What is the flow of execu4on in a Python program? A: The flow of execu4on refers to the order in which
statements are executed during the program's run.
7. Q: What is the difference between global scope and local scope in Python? A: Global scope refers to variables that
are accessible throughout the en4re program, while local scope refers to variables that are only accessible within a
specific function or block of code.
8. Q: How do you create a global variable in Python? A: By declaring a variable outside of any function or block of
code.
9. Q: How do you access a global variable from within a function? A: By using the global keyword followed by the
variable name.
10. Q: Can a local variable with the same name as a global variable be used within a function? A: Yes, but it will
shadow the global variable, making it inaccessible within the function.
11. Q: What is a built-in function in Python? A: A function that is provided by the Python interpreter and is always
available without needing to import any modules.
12. Q: Give an example of a built-in function in Python. A: len(), which returns the number of elements in a list or
other iterable.
13. Q: What is a module in Python? A: A module is a file containing Python code, usually consis4ng of functions,
classes, and variables, that can be imported into other Python programs.
14. Q: How do you import a function from a module in Python? A: By using the from keyword followed by the
module name, the import keyword, and the function name.
15. Q: What is a posi4onal parameter in a Python function? A: A posi4onal parameter is a parameter that must be
passed in a specific order when calling the function.
16. Q: What is a default parameter? A: A default parameter is a parameter that has a default value specified when
defining the function, allowing the function to be called without providing a value for that parameter.
17. Q: What happens if you provide a value for a default parameter when calling a function? A: The provided value
will override the default value specified in the function defini4on.
18. Q: What is the purpose of the return statement in a Python function? A: The return statement is used to exit a
function and return a value to the caller.
19. Q: Can you use a function without a return statement? A: Yes, but the function will return None by default.
20. Q: What is the difference between arguments and parameters in Python? A: Parameters are the variables
defined in the function definition, while arguments are the values passed to the function when it is called.
Practice Questions
1. Write a program that calculates the factorial of a given number using a user-defined function.
2. Write a program that determines whether a given number is a prime number using a user-defined function.
3. Write a program that finds the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two numbers using a user-defined function.
4. Write a program that calculates the sum of a series of numbers (e.g., 1+2+3+...+n) using a user-defined function.
5. Create a user-defined function that returns the length of a given string without using the built-in len() function.
6. Write a program that accepts a list of numbers and returns a new list containing only the even numbers using a
user-defined function.
7. Create a user-defined function that accepts two strings and returns a concatenated string without using the +
operator.
8. Write a program that calculates the sum of the diagonal elements of a square matrix using a user-defined
function.
9. Write a program that accepts a list of numbers and returns the average of those numbers using a user-defined
function.
10. Create a user-defined function that accepts a list of strings and returns the longest string in the list.
11. Write a program that sorts a list of numbers in ascending order using a user-defined function.
12. Write a program that reverses a given string without using the built-in reverse() function or string slicing.
13. Create a user-defined function that checks if a given word is a palindrome (reads the same forward and
backward).
14. Write a program that calculates the Fibonacci sequence up to a given number using a user-defined function.
15. Create a user-defined function that accepts a list of numbers and returns the maximum and minimum values in
the list.
16. Write a program that converts a given temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit and vice versa using user-defined
functions.
17. Write a program that finds the common elements between two given lists using a user-defined function.
18. Create a user-defined function that calculates the area and circumference of a circle, given its radius.
19. Write a program that counts the occurrences of a specific character in a given string using a user-defined
function.
20. Write a program that accepts a list of numbers and returns a list of unique elements from the original list using a
user-defined function.
1. Program to demonstrate a built-in function:
# Calculate the length of a list using the built-in len() function
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
length = len(my_list)
print("Length of the list:", length)
2. Program to demonstrate importing and using a func4on from a module:
# Calculate the square root of a number using the math module
import math
number = 16
sqrt_number = math.sqrt(number)
print("Square root of", number, "is", sqrt_number)
3. Program to demonstrate a user-defined function:
# Function to find the sum of two numbers
def add_numbers(a, b):
return a + b
x=5
y=3
result = add_numbers(x, y)
print("Sum of", x, "and", y, "is", result)
4. Program to demonstrate a function with default parameters:
# Function to find the power of a number with default exponent 2 (square)
def power(base, exponent=2):
return base ** exponent
number = 4
square = power(number)
print("Square of", number, "is", square)
5. Program to demonstrate a func4on with positional and default parameters:
# Function to find the area of a rectangle with op4onal height (default height = 1)
def area_of_rectangle(width, height=1):
return width * height
width = 5
height = 3
area = area_of_rectangle(width, height)
print("Area of the rectangle is", area)
6.Program to demonstrate the use of global and local variables:
global_var = 10
def example_function():
local_var = 5
print("Global variable inside function:", global_var)
print("Local variable inside function:", local_var)
example_function()
print("Global variable outside function:", global_var)
7. Program to demonstrate the use of the global keyword:
count = 0
def increment_count():
global count
count += 1
increment_count()
print("Count after increment:", count)
8. Program to demonstrate a function returning multiple values:
def min_max(numbers):
return min(numbers), max(numbers)
my_list = [1, 5, 3, 8, 2]
min_val, max_val = min_max(my_list)
print("Minimum and maximum values are:", min_val, max_val)
9.Program to demonstrate the use of a func4on as a parameter:
def square(x):
return x * x
def cube(x):
return x * x * x
def apply_function(func, x):
return func(x)
number = 4
result_square = apply_function(square, number)
result_cube = apply_function(cube, number)
print("Square of", number, "is", result_square)
print("Cube of", number, "is", result_cube)
10. Program to demonstrate a function with a variable number of arguments:
def sum_numbers(*args):
return sum(args)
result = sum_numbers(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
print("Sum of the numbers is:", result)