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CT Transformer Full

The document provides an overview of current transformers (CTs), detailing three main types: Wound, Window, and Bar Current Transformers, each with specific construction and applications. It also outlines the testing procedures for CTs, including general checks, insulation resistance, polarity, winding resistance, magnetizing characteristics, and transformation ratio. Each type of CT serves different purposes in metering and protection within electrical systems.

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Koma S Fazilov
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14 views2 pages

CT Transformer Full

The document provides an overview of current transformers (CTs), detailing three main types: Wound, Window, and Bar Current Transformers, each with specific construction and applications. It also outlines the testing procedures for CTs, including general checks, insulation resistance, polarity, winding resistance, magnetizing characteristics, and transformation ratio. Each type of CT serves different purposes in metering and protection within electrical systems.

Uploaded by

Koma S Fazilov
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

CT Transformer

Current transformers used for metering and protection purposes are basically constructed in three
different ways. Wound Current Transformers, Window Current Transformers, and Bar Current
Transformers are the types of current transformers.

2. Type of CT Transformer

1.Wound Type Current Transformers:

In this method, there are two separate windings on a magnetic steel core. The primary winding consists of
a few turns of heavy wire capable of carrying the full load current while the secondary winding consists
of many turns of smaller wire with a current carrying capacity of between 5/20 amperes, dependent on the
design. This is called the wound type due to its wound primary coil. In this wound-type CT, the primary
winding is practically configured in series form with the conductor that controls the current.
Wire wound current transformer types can be employed to sense the currents in the range of 1A to 100A.
Current transformers for indoor service are encapsulated in Epoxy resin-impregnated paper insulation.

 Support Type CT

It is a wound-type current transformer so arranged that it acts as a support for the conductor in the
primary circuit. This current transformers types in addition to its primary function also act as busbar
support. APPLICATIONS: Medium voltage air-insulated primary distribution switchgear, Medium
voltage air-insulated secondary distribution switchgear, Capacitor Banks.

2.Window Type Current Transformers:

A window or through type CT does not come with a primary conductor. In which the core has an
opening through which the conductor carrying the primary load current is passed. This conductor
constitutes the primary winding of the CT (one pass through the “window” represents a one-turn primary)
and must be large enough in cross-section to carry the maximum current of the load.
The conductor over which the current transformer is mounted also serves as the primary winding. Thus
the window-type current transformer has only the secondary winding.
This type of CT is easier to install, can withstand a greater thermal overcurrent, and reduces the failure
rate. And this type of CT is much less costly than the bar type.
Types of Window Current Transformers:

 Bus Type CT/Support Window Type CT

A current transformer without a primary conductor, but with primary insulation, which can be fitted over
a conductor or busbar. APPLICATIONS: Suitable for round conductors, copper bars, mounting rails

 Wall Bushing Type CT

A current transformer without a primary conductor, but with primary insulation, can be used as a bushing.
Toroidal model without a primary conductor for installation as a wall bushing. Bushing-type current
transformers are used wherever high currents are to be acquired and processed. They are directly placed
on the primary conductor (bus bar or conductor) through the opening. The secondary side (usually a
measuring device, energy meter, or display) is connected by front and rear connecting terminals. Various
mounting options are available such as wall mounting, cable mounting, and rail mounting.
APPLICATIONS: Designed for mounting around the internal bushings of a power transformer, circuit
breaker, pothead, or in switchgear.
3. Bar Type Current Transformers:

A bar-type CT comes with a primary conductor. Ordinarily, A bar type CT is an in-line CT, much more
costly, and is mounted in line with the bus bars (bolted on both sides). The bar-type CT is fully insulated
to the switchgear voltage.

Types of Bar Type Current Transformers:

 Bar Primary Type CT

A variant of the window type is the bar type. The bar type has a fixed primary conductor mounted in the
window which has standard terminal bar connections to attach cables. APPLICATIONS: Designed for
indoor service; suitable for operating meters and instruments, on both single-phase two-wire circuits and
polyphase circuits.

 Bar Primary Bushing Type CT

A current transformer with a bar primary conductor is so constructed that can be used as a
bushing. Toroidal type with a primary conductor to be installed as wall bushings.
APPLICATIONS: Distribution substations.

3. TESTING OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER


 GENERAL CHECKS
 INSULATION RESISTANCE
 POLARITY
 WINDING RESISTANCE
 MAGNETIZING CHARACTERISTICS
 RATIO

1.1.1 GENERAL CHECKS


The following general checks are performed before proceeding with the CT test.

1.1.2 INSULATION RESISTANCE


Checking the insulation resistance value by using insulation resistance tester.

1.1.3 POLARITY
The relative of CT primary and secondary terminals are identified either by painted polarity marks or
symbols.

1.1.4 WINDING RESISTANCE


Check S1&S2 by using multimeter or micro ohm meter, the value will be in mΩ or Ω.

1.1.5 MAGNETIZING CHARACTERISTICS


To obtain the data the primary circuit is left open circuited and an AC voltage is applied across the
secondary winding by using the auto transformer (variac).By raising the voltage one step at a times of
reading of the corresponding current are taken with the ammeter. The point at which a CT begins to
saturate is known as the knee point on the curve of its. Magnetizing characteristics and is by definition the
point where the exciting current increases by 50% for a 10% increase in secondary voltage.

1.1.6 RATIO
The rated transformation ratio is the ratio between the primary rated current and the secondary rated
current. The ratio of the CT is checked by dividing the value of the primary current by that of the
secondary current, and comparing with the rated valve.

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