PETROLEUM PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

OGU: 07537

TUTORIALS AND CLASS ASSIGNMENT

1. Construct IPR of a vertical well in an oil reservoir. Consider (1)steady-state flow, and (2)
pseudo–steady-state flow. The following data are given:

Porosity, φ= 0.19, Fluid viscosity, μ =1.7 cp

2. Construct an IPR of the two wells in an undersaturated oil reservoir using the Vogel equation.
The following data are given

Porosity, φ = 0.19
Effective horizontal permeability, k =8.2 md
Pay zone thickness: h = 53 ft, Drainage area: A = 640 acres (re = 2,980 ft)
Reservoir pressure: pe = 5,651 psia
Bubble-point pressure: pb = 3000 psia
Fluid formation volume factor: Bo = 1.1
Fluid viscosity, μ =1.7 cp
Total compressibility, ct = 0.0000129 psi-1
Wellbore radius: rw = 0.328 ft Skin factor, S = 0
3. Suppose that 1,000 bbl/day of 40⁰API, 1.2 cp oil is being produced through 2.259in tubing in
a well that is 15⁰ from vertical. If the tubing wall relative roughness is 0.001, calculate the
pressure drop over 1,000 ft of tubing.
 TUTORIAL 2
Question one
Calculate the pressure change during water injection in a vertical well, consider the following
data;
Depth = 1830 m
Water viscosity = 0.001 Pa.s
Water flow rate =1590 m3/d
Roughness = 0.000152 cm
Tubing diameter = 7.4 cm
Water density = 1001 kg/m3

Question 2
Oil is to be pumped from one station to another 8.05 km away. The delivery pressure has to be
689 kPa. What should be the inlet pressure if the flow rate of oil should be 954 m3/d, pipe
roughness is 0.000152 cm, diameter of pipe is 5.1 cm, density of oil 721 kg/m3 pipe is inclined
by 2o and viscosity of oil is 0.0015 Pa.s

Question 3
A gas reservoir produces a rate of 0.556 MMSm3/d. The surface pressure is 6895 kPa. For the
following conditions, what will be the bottom hole pressure?
Diameter = 8.9 cm
Roughness = 0.0000183 cm
Specific gravity of gas = 0.65
Tubing depth = 3048 m
Average gas viscosity in the tubing =1.5E-5Pas
Average z- factor in the tubing =0.9906
Average temperature in the tubing = 54.04 oC
Tubing angle = 90o

Question 4
A pipeline having an inlet pressure of 6895 kPa and an outlet pressure of 2758 kPa needs to
transport of 1.416 MMSm3/d of gas every day over a horizontal distance of 80 km. if the average
temperature of the pipeline is 29.4 oC. What diameter of pipeline should be used? Assume gas
gravity is 0.7.

Question 5
A gas well was shut in for well testing purposes. If the wellhead pressure is 5861 kPa, what
should the bottom hole pressure under the following conditions.
Well depth = 1829 m, average temperature 49 oC, gas gravity = 0.62 inclination angle 90o
Question 6
The following data are provided for gas oil flow. Estimate the slip and no-slip mixture properties.
Estimate the gravitational and the frictional pressure gradients using both slip and no-slip
properties. Compare the results.
Liquid flow rate 0.0057 m3/s
Density of liquid = 801 kg/m3
Liquid viscosity 0.002 Pa.s
Diameter = 5.1 cm
Liquid holdup = 0.85
Gas flow rate 0.0014 m3/s
Density of gas = 14.4 kg/m3
Viscosity of gas = 0.00011 Pa.s
Roughness = 0.0000152 m
Inclination angle = 90o
TUTORIAL 3

Question 1
Gas production from a low pressure gas well (well head pressure 100 psia) is to be transported
through 1000 ft of a 3-in ID line to a compressor station, where the inlet pressure must be at least
20psia. The gas has specific gravity of 0.7 a temperature 100 oF and an average viscosity of
0.012 cp. What is the maximum flow rate possible through this gas line?

Question 2
A SSSV having a beam diameter of 40/60 in. is installed in a gas well equipped with 2.995 in.
tubing. If the upstream pressure is 2300psia and the downstream is 1965 psia, calculate the flow
rate across the SSSV. Assuming the gas gravity of 0.65 and inlet temperature if 130 oF. If the
flow rate across the SSSV is 25 MMSCFD, what will be the pressure drop across the SSSV.

Question 3
A choke with a size of 24/64 in. is installed in a pipeline of 3 in. diameter. The upstream pressure
is 1000 psia. What is the maximum flow rate possible through this choke?
If 5 MMSCFD of gas needs to be transported through the pipeline, what choke size do we need
to install so that critical rate is maintained through the choke? If the downstream pressure is 800
psia what will be the flow rate through the choke?
Gas gravity = 0.65, inlet temperature = 90oF

Question 4
What will be the flow rate of a 0.8 specific gravity, 2-cp oil through a 20/64 in. choke if the
pressure drop across the choke is 20 psi. The line size is 1 in. Assume that the Reynolds number
is high enough that the flow coefficient is independent of Reynolds number.

Question 5
Construct a chart of gas flow rate versus pressure rate of choke diameters of 8/64, 12/64, 20/64
and 24/64 of an inch. Assume that the choke flow coefficient is 0.85, the gravity is 0.7 and
specific heat ration 1.25, well head temperature and flow pressure are 100 oF and 600 psia. When
will the maximum flow rate occur for each choke diameter? From the curve, what is the main
difference between critical and sub critical flow?

Question 6
A 0.7 specific gravity natural gas flows from a 2 in pipe through a 1.5 in. nozzle-type choke. The
upstream pressure and temperature are 120 psia and 75oF respectively. The downstream pressure
is 90 psia. The gas specific ratio is 1.25 a) what is the expected daily flow rate? b) Is icing a
potential problem? c) What is the expected pressure at the nozzle outlet?
Question 7
A. A gas well is producing from a reservoir at depth 10000 ft. The initial reservoir pressure
is 4800 psia. Investigate the effect of tubing size on performance of this well. Consider
tubing sizes of 2-7/8 in. 3-1/2 in. and 4-1/2 in. roughness of the tubing is 0.00054 ft.

B. If the reservoir pressure has decreased to 4000 psia and 3000 psia respectively would the
selection of tubing be affected by the change in reservoir pressure?

C. Consider same reservoir from question 11, evaluate the effect of well head pressure for
1000 psia, 1100 psia, 1200psia and 1300 psia well head pressures.

Reservoir data
Permeability = 30 md
Thickness of reservoir = 20 ft
Well bore radius = 6-1/8 in.
Reservoir boundary radius = 2106 ft.
Bottom hole temperature = 230 oF
Well head temperature = 120 oF
Well head pressure = 1200 psia
Gas gravity = 0.65
 CLASS ASSIGNMENT
QUESTION 1
A. Given the following data in Table 1 for a natural gas well, calculate the production rate.
Table 1: Natural gas well Data
PR (Reservoir
Pressure 304 bara
C inflow 104 Sm3/d/(bar^2n)
n, exponent 0.9
Tubing, Ct 4.25E+04 Sm3/d/bar
s-Elevation factor 0.155
pwh= 35

Inflow equation and outflow equations

0.5
�2�
�1 = � �/2
�22 +
�2�
B. Plot a curve showing the effect of well head pressure on well deliverability for the
following values of well head pressure; 100 bara, 60 bara and 30 bara.
Note that;
P1 is P2 a tubing inlet pressure and outlet pressure respectively.

QUESTION 2
A gas field is required to produce natural gas at a rate of 30 MMscf/d. The field consists of a
single pool reservoir, and production will be producing through single production well. At the
wellhead, a flow-controlling choke valve will be installed, which will initially be opened to 10%,
resulting in sonic flow conditions with a choke coefficient of 0.65. The production system
includes a horizontal flowline to transport the gas to the a separator that operates at 50 bar.
Additional field data are provided in Table 2 and Table 3.
Using the provided information, perform the following tasks:
A. Estimate the temperature of the fluid at the well head
B. Estimate the required flowline diameter suitable for delivering the stated amount of gas 30 km
away from a well to separator.
C. Plot a p/z vs p diagram for the gas.
D. Calculate and plot graphs of the following on the same axis;
i. Reservoir pressure (PR) vs Time
ii. Bottom hole pressure (Pwf) vs Time
iii. Well head Pressure (Pwh) vs Time
iv. Pipeline inlet pressure (Pin) vs time
v. Separator pressure (Psep) vs Time
E. Estimate the duration for which the field can sustain the required production rate
Table 2: Reservoir and Well Data
Parameter Unit Value
Reservoir pressure [PR] Bara 350
Reservoir Temperature[TR] o
C 105
Gas gravity - 0.8
Production tubing diameter [d] mm 114
Well depth m 4000
Well radius [re] m 0.11
Well drainage radius [rw] m 454
Skin factor [s] - 5
Reservoir Permeability [k] md 10
Reservoir Depth [h] m 10
Number of wells - 1
Recovery factor (R.F) - 60%
Initial gas in Place Tcf 0.36
Well skin Factor (s) - 3
Table 3: Reservoir Gas Properties
Gas Molecular Weight [M] 20 Kg/kmol
Specific Heat capacity Cp of gas 2400 J/kgK
Pressure, P[Bara] Compressibility Factor, Z[-] Gas VIscocity, g[cp]
2 0.997 0.013
50 0.932 0.014
100 0.882 0.016
150 0.859 0.018
200 0.867 0.021
250 0.899 0.024
300 0.948 0.027
350 1.006 0.030
400 1.069 0.032