Ont -o Management Arakegtes. with gees example avchteckures : P| te : O Memory Management + i ed at that Wtme Oss aaslater’ the physteal Adda "Pato te Yogfeal addves Hf he wank 40 perform the operation , thea he must +rvacslale the phystcal addvess Peto logical + addves.!Thes % haown as the binding * Wheater a & cal addoess 95 Converted frto phe logteal addae we alled as Viedtog |ethes concep! eahtch © hngg, a. Progra, doesnt tray as oynan eae £ jhe cornpute goto ae het ay four @ paocess addwus Space 2 Linaay quenbes ny virtual at ‘rll process 40 te ar location % | *y) dependently of 4 By es 04. 8 oe spate enists % prmory thorage by femporesly vill Some cecterls 40.0 hard dith ox gateonal of die :o Legh! ond phyitcal adivess ave Some 9n compte jand load-Atme. address Leiodiog cheers § login! Aone P reeatual) ond im d (atu Ad 18FFex %.exeael$or-Hme 1 neat ond | = vial ° and load_ty, 00 p | ® the value . % added +0 eu rua aetied addzess genested bya user proces, which t Treated of a5 Offset ot the Hime % B deb to memory. fick] SS YE Abe base. seatiler volue ts 10/000 ,Aheq a9, altemet by the user to understand Use address locelton too, will be dynomteally acallocated to i locad?on 10100Vvtual oda al physteal deren which pre J the memory space tothe proce those ore ely entered Fon swapping the Sweeper also Wes Some addres those ave alto hoaun as ‘the lagteal ard physi addgess of paccesses. fea persicng the logteal “oddney Abe physical, acdoear Ahene the Aollowing iweeochel. Used: elie vWlocalfon + never to be } i: | ee addvess Yt et the time © cul to cnory % povided ly the psocers tohen the then the porticular ey aed, by Ihe cpu which 9g als have a errhy Int the fom bk. means % which a parlitton a proces tr _ because when the process needs Swapping adden at be eloads Hf00 descstplfon =OF sae 2042 kB a a Slandard hard disk ah Swappriq sll take ploc 7 Sranfer vale " § 1 Found 4M6 pew Second. The actual transfer of “tl 40, Voork proces ore tea0i from ‘una will tat ry Aosgkel toahks pew second = 2 Seconds == Boo mill seconds a eo constde ing pnd out Hoe TH wll takeGi) Conttquous Allocation + tie The conta) ag divided ato se ginal ‘and dt Alevent the Aheo 0 Vea all e u enecnery , ‘ d'for +h v prot tot Gray gooces ull not be 4 % The Seeond f also occured I the Ctntnuey allocation This % also Know a eateanal Frogeneattion ashen the memory 3 not enough alter combate the aad mullfple park of single memory « Dn “chen the ony 8s Yegh after: combtofng the ‘Vartouy mony this i‘ oe poss eogen a5 warke Memory: The memory which % Unused and hy} ae can't be grin to the process -when Ne Varfou Pt, | a cores which Fequtre mecnory which %& not avotlabl | ad called af wase mumory —> Time Complertty * ] = “There % a wastage of Htme -fy allocetiog and dé-allocalfag the mnecnony space oth, | y oe cay “These oust be same ioprettiaee | Performed fos paatdtng the’ mecnary to “the pzocessen 7 A! How memory Aw allocated -to the process 2 Coplay how to seidlve, dyoarnte shovage allocation problem) Mata memory usually har too pattHfors 4 Weng Syste wetdes % thy > how memory > oper memnaoy > High meerery ~ cwee paccetioy ase held % high Memony « Opevaling Sysheon user the (llouthg tenon ally | cation mechanism > Staghe poati¥on allocltan To Ans type of allocation, prin | crsstca 7 UMidel tv prate\ clrcolfon —scahier Scheme % used 40° wer procelies from eachother, and from changing epealt 0 raltng Suse cede Relocatton Laie: a _ = sae allot physPeal add ‘range of loqteal addaeises* j e e less than “the > Mulltpk~part¥iton allocalton + hee most aL. Fras AT See Found that % bag assign a port Fon of ladies of rhe hole act ceeded by the tequet. f¥ lest on the face Its as a Salles hele. Subsequent sequels ooking _efiher from “the begiontog of -the rand aula loytequests “that cnay ceed thee” lay, pls tray bt inured portfons ef will thesefove be Ware ® Faagmentalton > a i 8 Aon G et = bilemal foagmeatalion * Total encugh + fn %, be! CME ew Yemosy block % asityned to peceets % bigges. Some porlon of mecnory % 4 unwed, at H cannot be wed by ancthes Fecey x Flernal fragmentation can be aeduced. ox shufilememery cevtels 0 place all -iAddrears “translet addvus ond epstenhd |g et 4 LeaPeal ¢ ber + Page Off ; . . addoey ond rep, | ou offay 4 ne number + Page oFfid | ene called page map table % Wel | 4 F \ page of ; I y J ; pN | FN \ s ] pier ee | — Pay. Map “Table * Bait a dye allocates a -frame 44 ony page the logical adases ze: @ phy ical addvete :X when a Computes Tunt cub of Rom the Olt made tat ex unwankd Pages ot meemery 0 a Secondary. memery ta Face up 80M For ther process and bxtnge back then Needed by 4h Progam « whole enecrebion af Freer Fal whe 8. equtaed by the pregiam SHU Subfes a ay aed -fracres capFing % Poge table wequires good: foo a @ chosacleotstics and procey of Seqrnerttation Segmentation’ , ~ kfke peatng ' Seqenectation % another no Cont guous wit? huss pe rie Wfocatien, technique pet . wlae:s Zonchavadeots\ter Semanite “lable % Seqnenl table % stable thal Shae’ he Ffe abou} each @ Seqmen! of the poocksy a hos two columas % hil cehiein Store the size oo length of, the Jeqrned x Second columa Shove the base addves oy Soaltg ae =e of the Semek FH Maky oresaddvess of the the above Wlustsatton, eon [tema | ease a | a Seq lumber Seqmert oH tel Seqmert Wumber Specifics the, Specie segment oF the Beisl been htch Cpu worl Jo wad the dats ' es tHe spedite wioed the SegmierThe Tul oblate ef the memory location "¢Aavactages Rle “he | er Bette te | 2 Seq eat Table a Pregrom Foto module whrch Vttualtzalte | | ® These pager o 4 A Page i ‘ of the foame shoring the pag % Each page -table O° one frame nthe mato memory ¥ mo-of eatafer % the page of a Segmrech = no-0}- Page that - Seqment divided pe A Segment Fable extts thal Keep Avack of the rane ies poge table of SeqinelsTaarslalfon cl doeis ato physftal addvece Below slepr are -f alate logical a : 9 Sep-\! cpu geoeral 1 ‘leqtcal addvey Corutating of 3h 4 3+ Segment slumber 9 Page Number 3+ Page offset LogPeal, addyess ie er| cpo wonls fo Bead the | ® page Nurhbeo eB thal Segrnend em whech op : i to sod Medal x fege Clliel species 1) the y ble ef e ‘ frarv \ tabl | 9 ding } = page Table | fame n rae frame th ding Ahe aequived fag he wefeaaed Seqment ® The frome cer the aequtved page & located ef) Shep-gt FY) tthe frame av the page Hse -ferenethe cautoed phystalabtver eft ax geoealed prge offset 1 Covserponding Page shed Snirihe Page Table “agit edt Jseqronil [eo HY © [rar| a) (aah ‘ Advantage + 8 % Séqment +o Ci e enloy Corespording % SF reduces De The sie cf ed by the Segre | etsolver the pacblem Otradvanlage + ; 4 S Seqmtated Paging suffers -foom folesnal feagmenlation % The cous level % much ighes’ as anaes ‘ Paging tat?an + = foogrr| @ Oemond Paging = nd paging cnagemert techatque 2y Polo the © 1 ¥ tothe preq> f ev % men eae bt] @ fog Beas “th ; aot a Be Tht he page ar tt Ht fro Benels ? . Petent ute - 4. Efietent use of memory the pager that aay actually needed ov Memory & arte B- Reduced page. Faull faults + + 64 loading fae only wwheo |} needed, the no-eF page fells except “rated when “page & not fn, mein po 83 entatentzed© poye eeplacereet = sveplacerment algostihms ase catltcal % may | 4+} hea pager ave londed tite ‘cnernery % OS the | ve Th 1 meme Neidi-te actus day) 8) "3 (eam) 0 xo cysteers mut bang thea, ede nde the me a ae tyslern que deme hid pg 4 ce 409 the neg onee the 9 el hese pag} at shay come Snte ply a oa theny + a a Haitked plysteal ween ety i vty a Ahe mast useful poget and twapptag cut the li Fam be Wed oner et a: eae Pgs fe Faulks + ¢ patimal qeal feto minimize poge va scat dota -foaen dk (deagaleatl | lowes Theo accessing data Pevteamance. and Com,Common page Replacement lgostihay + Mang | A+ Pashto Fash -oul (¢ ede j { ‘ & optimal page Replacement é ¢ ni teal q ( of 4 3 ved (tev Diquent \ fo mony ® Ofsadvank ager © Requires uae q ‘eack of the order hat fn which pages amt used s which: aan be a and P| cally to feos of Hine and feast pact used atefo tssuer HY Cevdatn Page Soa a thost pested de 4 x ¢ > 2. : : e “fe tee o 4 1 é at! x ; x . @ Trashing % Thrashing enti cai where the System Spends more AP a = cesses cy page than enecutfng actual * decreased pacduclivty and p mances Thit ores & i chen ¢ hed eMemery %5 Sconce * WuFFieeal mein. memory do i ommedate all alive’ Processes om pager Wiad.) a rent? High -Frequenc| chavacleatstier + ] 4. Ugh page faut 9. Lew Uhseughpal 2 < ete eect’ 0 Mi Global page Replacem, Page Replacenee % Local 9: page within a specstc process ov Sageenl % The 0:3 Hecws on Beplacing pager within a parttey clea prceess on am without Saal the enbtre Syste memory placement algosthens. sa as teeTechuqyer to Nondle theashtng * 4. working Se model Foequeney (pr X page (aul! Foequency A » foulks het me 4 hic fer evalraltag ane oF oO me manag t ysira %¢ phe %- calculated as -the meet page faults divided by the total ao-ef page = working Se} Medel and page foult ~ Pega a 4 elated oss the page fault Bay acalt System Spe me hond! fortes a and iste exec