AARUPADAIVEEDUINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY

PAIYANOOR

DEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING

MICROCONTROLLERSLAB

2017R

LABMANUAL

Experiment No: Date:

ADDITION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS

AIM:

Write a program to add two 8 bit numbers and store the result in memory
location 4200 and 4201.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with keyboard

(ii) Power cable.

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ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Initialize register C to account for carry.

Step 2: The addend is brought to the accumulator.

Step 3: Move the augend to any one of the register.

Step 4: Perform the addition.

Step 5: Store the 8 bit and carry in two memory locations.

Step 6: Stop the process.

OBSERVATION:

ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT 4150 FF Addend

4151 FF Augend

OUTPUT 4200 FE 8 Bit Sum

4201 01 Carry
FLOWCHART-ADDITION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS

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 Start

Initialize C register to zero for carry

Get first data in Accumulator

Get second data in B register

ADD two numbers

Is carry NO
Flag
Set?

YES
Increment C register by one

Store the Sum & Carry in the desired memory locations

Stop
PROGRAM FOR 8 BIT ADDITIONS:

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONIC OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 4100H MVI C,00H 0E 00 Initialize C reg. to store
carry.
4102H LXI H,4150H 21 50,41 Initialize HL reg. pair to
point 1st data.
4105H MOV A,M 7E Move 1st data to
accumulator.
4106H INX H 23 Increment HL reg. pair to
point 2nd data.
4107H MOV B,M 46 Move 2nd data to B reg.

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 4108H ADD B 80 Add two numbers in A & B.

4109H JNC LOOP D2 0D,41 Check whether Carry Flag

is reset.
410CH INR C 0C Increment C register.

LOOP 410DH STA 4200H 32 00,42 Store 8 bit sum to memory

location 4200.
4110H MOV A,C 79 Move carry to
Accumulator.
4111H STA 4201H 32 01,42 Store carry to memory
4201.
4114H HLT 76 Stop the process.

RESULT:

Thus the program for addition of two 8-bit numbers has been written and
executed and the sum is verified.

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MICROCONTROLLERS LAB AVIT/EEE
Experiment No: Date:

SUBTRACTION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS

AIM:

Write a program to subtract two 8 bit numbers and store the result in memory
location 4502 and 4503.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with keyboard

(ii) Power cable

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Initialize register C to account for Borrow.

Step 2: The Minuend is brought to the accumulator.

Step 3: Move the subtrahend to anyone register.

Step 4: Perform the subtraction.

Step 5: If the carry flag is reset go to step 7, else proceed to the next step.

Step 6: Take 2’s complement of the accumulator content and increment C register.

Step 7: Store the difference & borrow in memory location 4502 and 4503.

Step 8: Stop the process.

OBSERVATION:
ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT 4500 FA Minuend

4501 10 Subtrahend

OUTPUT 4502 EA Difference

4503 00 Borrow
FLOWCHART FOR 8-BIT SUBTRACTION
 Start

Initialize C register to zero for Borrow

Get Minuend in Accumulator

Get Subtrahend in any other register

Subtract Subtrahend from Accumulator

Is carry NO
Flag
Set?

YES

Take 2’s Complement of Accumulator& increment C Reg.

Store the Results in the desired memory locations

Stop
PROGRAM FOR 8-BIT SUBTRACTION

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONIC OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 4300H MVI C,00H 0E 00 Initialize C reg to store carry.
4302H LXI H,4500H 21 00,45 Initialize HL reg pair to point 1st
data.
4305H MOV A,M 7E Move 1st data to accumulator.

4306H INX H 23 Increment HL reg pair to point

2nd data.
4307H MOV B,M 46 Move 2nd to register B.

4308H SUB B 90 Subtract the subtrahend from

minuend.

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 4309H JNC SKIP D2 10,43 If Carry Flag reset, go to skip.

430CH CMA 2F If the Subtraction result in

borrow take 2’s complement of
430DH ADI 01H C6 01 the accumulator

430FH INR C 0C Increment register C

SKIP 4310H INX H 23 Store the result in the desired

memory location
4311H MOV M,A 77

4312H INX H 23 Store the carry flag to indicate

whether the result is positive or
4313H MOV M,C 71 negative

4314H HLT 76 Stop the process.

RESULT:
Thus the subtraction program has been written & executed and the difference and
borrow were verified.
Experiment No: Date:

MULTIPLICATION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program for the multiplication of two 8-bit

numbers.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with keyboard

(ii) Power cable.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Initialize the HL registers pair with the address 4200H.

Step 2: Clear C register.
Step 3: Get the multiplicand in accumulator and get the multiplier in B-reg.
Step 4: Move the Multiplicand to D register.
Step 5: Add the content of A register with the content of D register.
Step 6: Check the carry flag if CY=0 go to step 7 otherwise increment the C register.
Step 7: Decrement the B register.

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 Step 8: If the content of B reg is not equal to zero go to step 5, otherwise go to next
step.
Step 9: Store the content of accumulator in Next memory location.
Step 10: Store the higher order byte in next memory location.
Step 11; Stop the Process.

OBSERVATION:
ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT 4200H 12 Multiplicand

4201H 11 Multiplier

OUTPUT 4202H 32 LSB of Product

4203H 01 MSB of Product
FLOWCHART FOR 8-BIT MULTIPLICATION

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 Start

Initialize the HL register pair and get the multiplicand in A & D

Get the multiplier in B-reg & decrement it by one

ADD accumulator (multiplicand) to D reg. content

NO
Is carry flag
Set?

YES

Increment carry register by one

Decrement Multiplier by one

Is multiplier NO
Zero

YES

Store the result in desired location

Stop

PROGRAM FOR 8-BIT MULTIPLICATION

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONIC OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 4100H LXI H,4200H 21 00,42 Load the HL reg pair with the
address 4200H

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 4103H MVI C,00H 0E 00 Clear C reg

4105H MOV A,M 7E Move the Multiplicand to the

accumulator.
4106H INX H 23 Increment the HL reg pair.

4107H MOV B,M 46 Move the Multiplier to B reg.

4108H DCR B 05 Decrement B reg.

4109H MOV D,A 57 Move the Multiplicand to D reg.

LOOP2 410AH ADD D 82 Add the content of A reg with D

reg. content.
410BH JNC LOOP1 D2 0F,41 If CY=0, program control
jumps to label LOOP1.
410EH INR C 0C Increment C reg.

LOOP1 410FH DCR B 05 Decrement B reg.

4110H JNC LOOP2 C2 0A,41 If B is not equal to zero,

program control goes to
LOOP2; otherwise do next step
4113H INX H 23 Increment the HL reg. pair.

4114H MOV M,A 77 Store the least significant byte

of the product to the memory
location pointed by HL pair.
4115H INX H 23 Increment the HL reg.

4116H MOV M,C 71 Store the most significant byte

of the product to the memory
location pointed by HL pair.
4117H HLT 76 Stop the Process

RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program for the multiplication of two 8-bit data
had been written and executed & the results were stored in desired memory locations.
Experiment No: Date:

DIVISION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program for dividing two 8-bit numbers and
store the result in memory locations 4502 and 4503.

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APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with keyboard

(ii) Power cable.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Initialize the HL register pair with address 4500H.

Step 2: Clear the C register.
Step 3: Get dividend in accumulator & get divisor in B register.
Step 4: Compare dividend and divisor.
Step 5: If carry occurs, go to step 8. Otherwise go to next step.
Step 6: Subtract divisor from dividend and increment C register.
Step 7: Go to step 4.
Step 8: Store the remainder in 4503H.
Step 9: store the quotient in 4502H.
Step 10: Stop the Process.

ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT 4500H 40 Dividend

4501H 20 Divisor

OUTPUT 4502H 02 Quotient

4503H 00 Remainder

FLOWCHART FOR 8-BIT DIVISION

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 Start

\
Get dividend & divisor, Initialize C reg. for Quotient

Is
Dividend NO
>
Divisor

YES
Subtract Divisor from Dividend

Increment Quotient by one

Store the Quotient and Store the dividend as remainder

Stop
PROGRAM FOR 8-BIT DIVISION

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONIC OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 4100H LXI H,4500H 21 00,45 Load the HL reg pair with the
address 4500H.
4103H MVI C,00H 0E 00 Clear C reg.

4105H MOV A,M 7E Move the Dividend to the

accumulator.
4106H INX H 23 Increment the HL reg pair.

4107H MOV B,M 46 Move the Divisor to B reg.

REPEAT 4108H CMP B B8 Compare B reg.

4109H JC SKIP DA 11,41 If carry=1, jump to label

SKIP.
410CH SUB B 90 Subtract the divisor from
dividend.
410DH INR C 0C Increment C reg.

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 410EH JMP C3 08,41 Jump to label REPEAT.
REPEAT
SKIP 4111H STA 4503H 32 03,45 Store the remainder.
4114H MOV A,C 79 Move the Quotient to
Accumulator.
4115H STA 4502H 32 02,45 Store the Quotient.

4118H HLT 76 Stop the Process

RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program for the Division of two 8-bit data had
been written and executed & the results were stored in desired memory locations.
Experiment No: Date:

LARGEST NUMBER IN GIVEN ARRAY

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program to find the largest number in the given
Array.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power cable.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Initialize the HL register pair with the address 4700H.
Step 2: Get the first Data in accumulator.
Step 3: Get the count (i.e., Length of the array) in B register.
Step 4: Compare the next data from the memory address pointed by HL pair to
the accumulator.
Step 5: Check the Carry Flag. If the CF is reset go to step 7 otherwise go to next
step.
Step 6: Move the data from the memory address pointed by HL pair to the
accumulator.
Step 7: Decrement the count (content of B register)
Step 8: If the content of B register is not equal to zero, go to step 4, otherwise
go to next step.
Step 9: Store the content of accumulator in the address 5000H.
Step 10: Stop the Process.

OBSERVATION:

ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

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 INPUT 4700H 05 Total number of Data
4701H 0E First input data

4702H 0C Second input data

4703H 0F Third input data

4704H 03 Fourth input data

4705H 09 Fifth input data

OUTPUT 5000H 0F Largest Data

FLOWCHART:

Start

Get the length of the array as the count

Move the first data to Accumulator

Increment the memory pointer

Compare the second data with content of Accumulator

Is A content YES
Large?

NO
Move M to A

Decrement B reg

NO Is
Count=0

YES
Store the Content of accumulator as largest number

Stop
PROGRAM:

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LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS
START 4100 LXI H, 4700H 21 00, 47 Initialize the memory
pointer with the address
4700H
4103 MOV B,M 46 Get the length of the
array in B reg.
4104 INX H 23 Increment the HL reg.
pair to point the next
memory location.
4105 MOV A,M 7E Get the first data in
Accumulator.
4106 DCR B 05 Decrement B reg.
content by one
LOOP 4107 INX H 23 Increment the HL reg.
pair to point the next
memory location.
4108 CMP M BE Compare the data in
accumulator with data in
memory.
410B JNC SKIP D2 0D, 41 If CF is reset, the
program control goes to
label SKIP.
410C MOV A,M 7E Move the data from
memory to accumulator.
SKIP 410D DCR B 05 Decrement B reg.
content
411E JNZ LOOP C2 07, 41 If ZF is reset go to
LOOP.
4111 STA 5000H 32 00, 50 Store the largest number
in 5000H
4114 HLT 76 Stop the process
RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program to find the largest of the given data had
been written and executed & the result was stored in the desired memory location.
Experiment No: Date:

SMALLEST NUMBER IN GIVEN ARRAY

AIM:

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 To write an Assembly Language Program to find the smallest number in the given
Array.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

((i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power cable.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Initialize the HL register pair with the address 4700H.
Step 2: Get the first Data in accumulator.
Step 3: Get the count (i.e., Length of the array) in B register.
Step 4: Compare the next data from the memory address pointed by HL pair to
the accumulator.
Step 5: Check the Carry Flag. If the CF is set, go to step 7 otherwise go to next
step.
Step 6: Move the data from the memory address pointed by HL pair to the
accumulator.
Step 7: Decrement the count (content of B register)
Step 8: If the content of B register is not equal to zero, go to step 4, otherwise
go to next step.
Step 9: Store the content of accumulator in the address 5000H.
Step 10: Stop the Process.

OBSERVATION:

ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT 4700H 05 Total number of Data

4701H 0E First input data

4702H 0C Second input data

4703H 0F Third input data

4704H 03 Fourth input data

4705H 09 Fifth input data

OUTPUT 5000H 03 Smallest Data

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FLOWCHART:

Start

Get the length of the array as the count

Move the first data to Accumulator

Increment the memory pointer

Compare the memory with content of Accumulator

Is A content YES
Small?

NO
Move M to A

Decrement B reg.

NO Is
Count=0

YES
Store the Content of accumulator as smallest number

Stop
PROGRAM:
LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS
START 4100 LXI H, 4700H 21 00, 47 Initialize the memory
pointer with the address
4700H
4103 MOV B,M 46 Get the length of the
array in B reg.

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 4104 INX H 23 Increment the HL reg.
pair to point the next
memory location.
4105 MOV A,M 7E Get the first data in
Accumulator.
4106 DCR B 05 Decrement B reg.
content by one
LOOP 4107 INX H 23 Increment the HL reg.
pair to point the next
memory location.
4108 CMP M BE Compare the data in
accumulator with data in
memory.
410B JC SKIP DA 0D, 41 If CF is set the program
control goes to SKIP.
410C MOV A,M 7E Move the data from
memory to accumulator.
SKIP 410D DCR B 05 Decrement B reg.
content.
411E JNZ LOOP C2 07, 41 If ZF is reset go to
LOOP.
4111 STA 5000H 32 00, 50 Store the smallest
number in 5000H
4114 HLT 76 Stop the process
RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program to find the smallest of the given data had
been written and executed & the result was stored in the desired memory location.
Experiment No: Date:

8085-ASCENDING ORDER

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program to arrange the given data in Ascending

Order.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with keyboard. (ii)

Power cable.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Initialize the HL register pair with the address 4700H.
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 Step 2: Get the count 1, number of repetitions (length of array - 1) in B
register.
Step 3: Get the count 2, number of comparisons (length of array -1) in C
register.
Step 4: Save the count 2 in E register.
Step 5: Move the content of E to C register.
Step 6: Initialize the HL register pair with the address 4701H.
Step 7: Move the data from memory location pointed by HL pair to the
Accumulator.
Step 8: Compare the data from next memory location with the content of
Accumulator.
Step 9: Check CF. If carry flag is set (accumulator content is smaller than the
other number), go to step 12 otherwise do next step.
Step 10: Check ZF. If zero flag is set (accumulator content is equal to the other
number), go to step 12 otherwise do next step.
Step 11: Store the smallest number to the previous memory location & greatest to
the current memory location.
Step 12: Decrement the number of comparisons (count 2).
Step 13: If the number of comparison is not equal to zero, go to step 7, otherwise
do the next step.
Step 14: Decrement the number of repetitions (count 1).
Step 15: If the number of repetitions is not equal to zero, go to step 5, otherwise
do next step.
Step 16: Stop the Process.
FLOWCHART 8085-ASCENDING ORDER

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 Start

Initialize memory pointer to get N, the length of series

Initialize COUNT 1 for (N-1) repetitions

Initialize COUNT 2 for (N-1) Comparisons

Increment memory pointer and get the number from series

IS pointer < NO Interchange

(pointer+1)? Numbers

YES

Decrement COUNT 2

NO
Is COUNT 2 =
Zero?

YES

Decrement COUNT 1

NO
Is COUNT 1 =
zero?

YES
Stop
PROGRAM FOR SORTING A SERIES IN ASCENDING ORDER

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONIC OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 4100 LXI H, 4700H 21 00, 47 Initialize HL reg. pair
with 4700H
4103 MOV B,M 46

4104 DCR B 05 B = COUNT 1 for

(N-1)repetitions
4105 MOV C,B 48 C = COUNT 2 for
(N-1)Comparisons

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 4106 MOV E,C 59
LOOP 4107 MOV C,E 4B

4108 LXI H, 4701H 21 01, 47

REPEAT 410B MOV A,M 7E

410C INX H 23

410D CMP M BE Compare consecutive

numbers
411E JC SKIP DA 19, 41

4111 JZ SKIP CA 19, 41

4114 MOV D,M 56 Interchange numbers if

not in order
4115 MOV M,A 77

4116 DCX H 2B

4117 MOV M,D 72

4118 INX H 23
SKIP 4119 DCR C 0D Decrement count 2

411A JNZ REPEAT C2 0B, 41

411D DCR B 05 Decrement count 1

411E JNZ LOOP C2 07, 41

4121 HLT 76 Stop the Process

OBSERVATION:
ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT 4700H 05 Total number of Data

4701H 0E First input data

4702H 0C Second input data

4703H 0F Third input data

4704H 03 Fourth input data

4705H 09 Fifth input data

OUTPUT 4700H 05 Total number of Data

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 4701H 03 First output data

4702H 09 Second output data

4703H 0C Third output data

4704H 0E Fourth output data

4705H 0F Fifth output data

RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program to arrange the given data in ascending
order had been written and executed.
Experiment No: Date:

8085-DESCENDING ORDER

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program to arrange the given data in Descending

Order.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with Keyboard. (ii)

Power cable.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Initialize the HL register pair with the address 4700H.
Step 2: Get the count 1, number of repetitions (length of array - 1) in B
register.
Step 3: Get the count 2, number of comparisons (length of array -1) in C
register.
Step 4: Save the count 2 in E register.
Step 5: Move the content of E to C register.
Step 6: Initialize the HL register pair with the address 4701H.
Step 7: Move the data from memory location pointed by HL pair to the
Accumulator.
Step 8: Compare the data from next memory location with the content of
Accumulator.
Step 9: Check CF. If carry flag is reset (accumulator content is larger than the
other number), go to step 12 otherwise do next step.
Step 10: Check ZF. If zero flag is set (accumulator content is equal to the other
number), go to step 12 otherwise do next step.

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 Step 11: Store the largest number to the previous memory location & smallest to
the current memory location.
Step 12: Decrement the number of comparisons (count 2).
Step 13: If the number of comparison is not equal to zero, go to step 7, otherwise
do the next step.
Step 14: Decrement the number of repetitions (count 1).
Step 15: If the number of repetitions is not equal to zero, go to step 5, otherwise
do next step.
Step 16: Stop the Process.
FLOWCHART 8085-DESCENDING ORDER

Start

Initialize memory pointer to get N, the length of series

Initialize COUNT 1 for (N-1) repetitions

Initialize COUNT 2 for (N-1) Comparisons

Increment memory pointer and get the number from series

IS pointer > NO Interchange

(pointer+1)? Numbers

YES

Decrement COUNT 2

NO
Is COUNT 2
= zero?
YES

Decrement COUNT 2

NO
Is COUNT 1
= zero?

YES
Stop

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PROGRAM FOR SORTING A SERIES IN DESCENDING ORDER

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONIC OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 4100 LXI H, 4700H 21 00, 47

4103 MOV B,M 46

4104 DCR B 05 B = COUNT 1 for

(N-1)repetitions
4105 MOV C,B 48 C = COUNT 2 for
(N-1)Comparisons
4106 MOV E,C 59
LOOP 4107 MOV C,E 4B

4108 LXI H, 4701H 21 01, 47

REPEAT 410B MOV A,M 7E

410C INX H 23

410D CMP M BE Compare consecutive

numbers
411E JNC SKIP D2 19, 41

4111 JZ SKIP CA 19, 41

4114 MOV D,M 56 Interchange numbers if

not in order
4115 MOV M,A 77

4116 DCX H 2B

4117 MOV M,D 72

4118 INX H 23
SKIP 4119 DCR C 0D Decrement count 2

411A JNZ REPEAT C2 0B, 41

411D DCR B 05 Decrement count 1

411E JNZ LOOP C2 07, 41

4121 HLT 76 Stop the Process

OBSERVATION:
ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT 4700H 05 Total number of Data

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 4701H 0E First input data

4702H 0C Second input data

4703H 0F Third input data

4704H 03 Fourth input data

4705H 09 Fifth input data

OUTPUT 4700H 05 Total number of Data

4701H 0F First output data

4702H 0E Second output data

4703H 0C Third output data

4704H 09 Fourth output data

4705H 03 Fifth output data

RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program to arrange the given data in ascending
order had been written and executed.
Experiment No: Date:

BLOCK OF DATA TRANSFER

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program to transfer the block of data starting

from memory location 4700H to the memory location 4800H. The total number of data
(length of block) is stored at 46FFH.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with keyboard

(ii) Power cord.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Initialize the HL register pair with the address 46FFH.

Step 2: Move the total number of data to the C register.
Step 3: Initialize the DE register pair with the address 4800H.
Step 4: Get byte from source memory block.
Step 5: Store the first data to the destination address.
Step 6: Increment the source block pointer.

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 Step 7: Increment the destination block pointer.
Step 8: Decrement the C register.
Step 9: If ZF=0, go to step 4.otherwise go to next step.
Step 10: Stop the Process.

OBSERVATION:
ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT 46FFH 05 Total number of Data

4700H 45 First input data

4701H 66 Second input data

4702H 72 Third input data

4703H 0D Fourth input data

4704H 0A Fifth input data

OUTPUT 4800H 45 First output data

4801H 66 Second output data

4802H 72 Third output data

4803H 0D Fourth output data

4804H 0A Fifth output data

FLOWCHART OF BLOCK DATA TRANSFER

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 Start

Initialize HL reg. pair as a source

Load the total number of input data In C reg.

Get the Data from source Block to Accumulator

Store data to destination block

Increment the source & destination block pointer

Decrement C reg.

NO
Is
ZF=1?

YES

Stop
PROGRAM OF BLOCK DATA TRANSFER:

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONIC OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 4100H LXI H,46FFH 21 FF,46 Initialize the source pointer
with the address 4200H.
4103H MVI C,M 4E Get count of total number of
data bytes in C reg.
4104H INX H 23 Point to first source block
byte.
4105H LXI D,4800H 11 00,48 Initialize the destination
pointer with the address
4200H.
REPEAT 4108H MOV A,M 7E Get the data byte from source
block.

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 4109H STAX D 12 Store the data byte to the
destination block.
410AH INX H 23 Increment source block
pointer.
410BH INX D 13 Increment destination block
pointer.
410CH DCR C 0D Decrement C register.

410DH JNZ C2 08,41 If ZF=0, program control

REPEAT jump to label REPEAT.
4110H HLT 76 Stop the Process

RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program to transfer the block of data from memory
location 4700H to 4800H had been written and verified.
Experiment No: Date:

DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program to convert a Decimal number to a

Hexadecimal number. The Decimal data is stored in 4200H and Hexadecimal data is
store in 4250H.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power cable.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Get the Decimal data in A reg. and save in E reg.
Step 2: Mask the lower nibble of the decimal data in A reg.
Step 3: Rotate the upper nibble to the lower position.
Step 4: Clear the Accumulator.
Step 5: Move the 0AH to C reg.
Step 6: Add B reg. content to the A reg. Content.
Step 7: Decrement the C reg. If ZF=0 go to step 6. I f ZF=1 go to next step.
Step 8: Save the product in B reg.
Step 9: Get the decimal in A reg. from E reg. and mask the upper nibble(units).
Step 10: Add the units (A reg.) to product (B reg.).
Step 11: Stop the Process.

OBSERVATION:

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 ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT 4200 32 Decimal Number

OUTPUT 4250 20 Hexadecimal Number
FLOWCHART:
Start

Get the Decimal data in A reg. and save it in E reg.

Mask the lower nibble of the Decimal data in A reg.

Rotate the content of A reg. four times right & save it in B reg.

Clear A reg. and move 0AH to C reg.

ADD the content of B reg. to A reg.

Decrement C reg.

NO Check
if ZF=1

YES
Move the content of A reg. to B reg.

Move the decimal data from E reg. to A reg. and mask the upper nibble

ADD the content of B reg. to A reg.

Store the Hexadecimal value from A reg. to memory

Stop
PROGRAM:

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LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONIC OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS
START 4100 LDA 4200H 3A 00,42 Get the data in A reg.
4103 MOV E,A 5F Save in E reg.

4104 ANI F0H E6 F0 Mask the lower nibble

4106 RLC 07 Rotate the upper nibble to

lower Nibble position save
4107 RLC 07 in B reg.
4108 RLC 07

4109 RLC 07

410A MOV B,A 47

410B XRA A AF Clear accumulator

410C MVI C,0AH 0E 0A Get the product of units digit

multiplied by 0AH in A reg.
REPEAT 410E ADD B 80

410F DCR C 0D

4110 JNZ REPEAT C2 0E,41

4113 MOV B,A 47 Save the product in B reg.

4114 MOVA,E 7B Get the Decimal data in A

reg.
4115 ANI 0FH E6 0F Mask the upper nibble

4117 ADD B 80 Get the sum of units digit

and product in B reg.
4118 STA 4250H 32 50,42 Store the Hexadecimal value
in memory
411B HLT 76 Stop the Process
RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program for Decimal to Hexadecimal conversion
had been written and executed & the results were stored in desired memory location.
Experiment No: Date:

8086-ADDITION OF TWO 16-BIT NUMBERS

AIM:

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 To write an assembly language program to add two 16 bit numbers and store the
sum in the memory location 1200H and carry in 1202H.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8086 Microprocessor kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power Cable.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Initialize the BL reg. with 00H to account for carry.
Step 2: Move one of the data to AX reg.
Step 3: Move next data to CX reg.
Step 4: Clear Carry Flag.
Step 5: ADD the CX reg. content with the AX reg. Jump to step 7 if no carry
occurs. Otherwise go to next step.
Step 6: Increment BL reg.
Step 7: Move the sum to 1200H.
Step 8: Move the carry to 1202H.
Step 9: Stop the Process

OBSERVATION:
ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT [AX] FFFFH First 16 bit data

[CX] 001FH Second 16 bit data

OUTPUT 1200H 1E Low order byte of sum

1201H 00 High order byte of sum

1202H 01 carry
FLOWCHART:

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 Start

Initialize BL reg. with 00H

Move Data into AX and CX reg.

Clear Carry Flag

Add CX and AX reg.

Is Carry NO
Set?

` YES

Increment BL reg

Store Sum and Carry to Memory

Stop
PROGRAM:
LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS
START 1000H MOV BL,00H C6,C3 00 Move 00H to BL reg. to
account for carry.
1003H MOV C7,C0 FF,FF Move the data FFFFH to AX
AX,FFFFH reg.
1007H MOV CX,001FH C7,C1 1F,00 Move the data 001FH to CX
reg.
100BH CLC F8 Clear Carry Flag.

100CH ADD AX, CX 01,C8 Add the content of CX to AX.

100EH JNC LOOP 73 02 If no carry occurs, jump to

LOOP.

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 1010H INC BL FE,C3 Increment BL reg.

LOOP 1012H MOV[1200H],AX 89,06 00,12 Move the AX content (sum)to

1200H & 1201H.
1016H MOV[1202H],BL 88,1E 02,12 Move the BL content to
1202H.
101AH HLT F4 Stop the Process.

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RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program for Addition of two 16-bit numbers had
been written and executed & the results were stored in desired memory locations.
Experiment No: Date:

8086-SUBTRACTION OF TWO 16-BIT NUMBERS

AIM:

To write an assembly language program to Subtract two 16 bit numbers and store
the difference in the memory location 1200H and borrow in 1202H.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8086 Microprocessor kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power Cable.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Initialize the BL reg with 00H to account for borrow.
Step 2: Move Minuend to AX reg.
Step 3: Move Subtrahend to CX reg.
Step 4: Clear Carry Flag.
Step 5: Subtract the CX reg. content from the AX reg. Jump to step 7 if no carry
occurs. Otherwise go to next step.
Step 6: Increment BL reg.
Step 7: Move the difference to 1200H.
Step 8: Move the borrow to 1202H.
Step 9: Stop the Process

OBSERVATION:
ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT [AX] FFFFH First 16 bit data

[CX] 001FH Second 16 bit data

OUTPUT 1200H E0 Low order byte of difference

1201H FF High order byte of difference

1202H 00 Borrow
FLOWCHART:

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 Start

Initialize BL reg. with 00H

Move Data into AX and CX reg.

Clear Carry Flag

Subtract CX from AX reg.

NO
Is Carry
Set?

YES

Increment BL reg

Store Difference and Borrow in memory

Stop
PROGRAM:
LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS
START 1000H MOV BL,00H C6,C3 00 Move 00H to BL reg. to
account for carry.
1003H MOV C7,C0 FF,FF Move the data FFFFH to AX
AX,FFFFH reg.
1007H MOV C7,C1 1F,00 Move the data 001FH to CX
CX,OO1FH reg.
100BH CLC F8 Clear Carry Flag.

100CH SUB AX, CX 29,C8 Subtract the content of CX

from AX.
100EH JNC LOOP 73 02 If no carry occurs, jump to
LOOP.

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 1010H INC BL FE,C3 Increment BL reg.

LOOP 1012H MOV[1200H],AX 89,06 00,12 Move the AX content

(difference) to 1200H.
1016H MOV[1202H],BL 88,1E 02,12 Move the BL content to
1202H.
101AH HLT F4 Stop the Process.

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RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program for Subtraction of two 16-bit numbers
had been written and executed & the results were stored in desired memory locations.
Experiment No: Date:

8086-MULTIPLICATION OF TWO 16-BIT NUMBERS

AIM:

To write an assembly language program for Multiplication of two 16 bit numbers

using 8086 instruction set.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8086 Microprocessor kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power Cable.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Initialize the BL reg. with 00H to account for carry.
Step 2: Move Multiplicand to AX reg.
Step 3: Move Multiplier to CX reg.
Step 4: Clear Carry Flag.
Step 5: Multiply the CX reg. with the AX reg. Jump to step 7 if no carry occurs.
Otherwise go to next step.
Step 6: Increment BL reg.
Step 7: Move the content of AX & BL to the specified memory locations.
Step 9: Stop the Process

OBSERVATION:
ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT [AX] 11A2H First 16 bit data

[CX] 11B3H Second 16 bit data

OUTPUT 1200H 46 Low order byte of Product

1201H 16 Low order byte of Product

1202H 38 High order byte of Product

1203H 01 High order byte of Product

1204H 00 Carry
FLOWCHART:

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 Start

Initialize BL reg. with 00H

Move Data into AX and CX reg.

Clear Carry Flag

Multiply CX and AX reg. content

Is Carry NO
Set?

YES

Increment BL reg

Store the result in memory location

Stop
PROGRAM:

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 1000H MOV BL,00H C6,C3 00 Move 00H to BL reg. to
account for carry.
1003H MOV AX,11A2H C7,C0 A2,11 Move the data 11A2H to AX
reg.
1007H MOV CX,11B3H C7,C1 B3,11 Move the data 11B3H to CX
reg.
100BH MUL CX F7,E1 Multiply the content of CX to
AX reg.
100DH JNC LOOP 73 02 If no carry occurs, jump to
LOOP.

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 100FH INC BL FE,C3 Increment BL reg.

LOOP 1011H MOV[1200H],AX 89,06 00,12 Move the AX content to

1200H & 1201H.
1015H MOV[1202],DX 89,16 02,12 Move the DX content to
1202H & 1203H.
1019H MOV[1204H],BL 88,1E 04,12 Move the BL content to
1204H.
101DH HLT F4 Stop the Process.

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RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program for Multiplication of two 16-bit numbers
had been written and executed & the results were stored in desired memory locations.
Experiment No: Date:

8086-DIVISION OF 32 BIT NUMBER BY 16-BIT NUMBER

AIM:

To write an assembly language program for Division of 32 bit number by 16 bit

number using 8086 microprocessor kit.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8086 Microprocessor kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power Cable.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Move the lower order byte of dividend to AX reg. and higher order byte of
dividend to DX reg.
Step 2: Move Divisor to CX reg.
Step 3: Divide the content of AX&DX by CX reg.
Step 4: Move the content of AX & DX in the specified memory locations.
Step 5: Stop the Process.

OBSERVATION:
ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT [AX] FFFFH Low order bit of 32-bit data.

[DX] 0012H High order bit of 32-bit data

[CX] 01A1H 16 bit Divisor.

OUTPUT 1200 AA Low order byte of Quotient

1201 0B High order byte of Quotient

1202 15 Low order byte of Remainder

1203 00 High order byte of Remainder

FLOWCHART:

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 Start

Move the Dividend into AX and DX reg

Move the Divisor Value to CX reg

Divide DX & AX by CX contents

Store the Quotient value in desired memory

Store the remainder in desired memory

Stop
PROGRAM:

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 1000H MOV AX,FFFFH C7,C0 FF,FF Move the data FFFFH to
AX reg
1004H MOV DX, 0012H C7,C2 12,00 Move the data 0012H to DX
reg
1008H MOV CX,01A1H C7,C1 A1,01 Move the Divisor 01A1 to
CX reg
100CH DIV CX F7,F1 Divide the content of
AX&DX BY CX
100EH MOV[1200H],AX 89,06 00,12 Move the AX content to
1200H.
1012H MOV[1202H],DX 89,16 02,12 Move the DX content to
1202H.
1016H HLT F4 Stop the Process

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RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program for the Division of 32 –bit number by 16-
bit number had been written and executed & the results were stored in desired memory
location.
Experiment No: Date:

8051-ADDITION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS

AIM:

To perform the addition of two 8 bit numbers using immediate addressing and
store the result in memory.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8051 Microcontroller kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power Cable.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Clear register R0.
Step 2: Get the first data in accumulator.
Step 3: Add the second data with the first data.
Step 4: Make the data pointer to point the address 4500H.
Step 5: Check the carry flag. If no carry occurs, go to step 7, otherwise do next
step.
Step 6: Increment the register R0.
Step 7: Store the sum (content of accumulator) in the address pointed by the data
pointer.
Step 8: Make the data pointer to point the next address by incrementing the
DPTR.
Step 9: Store the carry in that address.
Step 10: Stop the process.

OBSERVATION:

ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT 4103H 31 First data

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 4105H 49 Second data

OUTPUT 4500H 7A Sum

4501H 00 Carry
FLOWCHART:

Start

Get first data in accumulator & clear R0 reg.

Make DPTR to point 4500H

ADD second data with accumulator

Is NO
Carry
Set?

YES
Increment R0 reg.

Store Sum and Carry in memory using DPTR

Stop
PROGRAM:

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 4100H MOV R0, #00H 78 00 Move the data 00H
to reg R0.
4102H MOV A, #data1 74 20 Move the first data
in accumulator

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 4104H ADD A, #data2 24 10 Add the second data
with the
accumulator.
4106H MOV DPTR, #4500H 90 45,00 Move the address
4500H to DPTR.
4109H JNC LOOP 50 01 If no carry occurs go
to LOOP
410BH INC R0 08 Increment reg. R0
LOOP 410CH MOV X@DPTR,A F0 Move the data from
accumulator to the
address pointed by
DPTR
410DH INC DPTR A3 Increment the DPTR

410EH MOV A, R0 E8 Move the content

from reg. Ro to the
accumulator.
410FH MOV X@ DPTR, A F0 Move the data from
accumulator to the
address pointed by
DPTR
4110H NOP 00 No operation.
RESULT:
Thus the addition of two 8-bit data using immediate addressing was executed.
Experiment No: Date:

8051-SUBTRACTION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS

AIM:

To perform the subtraction of two 8 bit numbers using immediate addressing and
store the result in memory.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8051 Microcontroller kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power Cable.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Clear register R0
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 Step 2: Get the data in accumulator.
Step 3: Subtract the second data from the first data.
Step 4: Make the data pointer to point the address 4500H.
Step 5: Check the carry flag. If no carry occurs, go to step 7, otherwise do next
step.
Step 6: Increment the register R0.
Step 7: Store the difference (content of accumulator) in the address pointed by the
data pointer.
Step 8: Make the data pointer to point the next address by incrementing the
DPTR.
Step 9: Store the borrow in that address.
Step 10: Stop the process.

OBSERVATION:

ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT 4303H 0C First data

4305H A5 Second data

OUTPUT 4500H 99 Difference

4501H 01 Borrow
FLOWCHART:

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 Start

Get first data in accumulator & clear R0 reg.

Make DPTR to point 4500H

Subtract second data from accumulator content

Is NO
CY flag set?

YES

Increment R0 reg.

Store Difference and Borrow in memory using DPTR

Stop
PROGRAM:

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 4300H MOV R0,#00H 78 00 Move the data 00H
to reg R0
4302H MOV A,#data1 74 20 Move the first data
in accumulator
4304H SUB A,#data2 94 10 Subtract the second
data with the
accumulator.
4306H MOV DPTR, #4500H 90 45,00 Move the address
4500H to DPTR.
4309H JNC LOOP 50 01 If no carry occurs go
to LOOP

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 430BH INC R0 08 Increment reg. R0.
LOOP 430CH MOV X@DPTR,A F0 Move the data from
accumulator to the
address pointed by
DPTR
430DH INC DPTR A3 Increment the DPTR

430EH MOV A, R0 E8 Move the content

from reg R0 to the
accumulator.
430FH MOV X@ DPTR, A F0 Move the data from
accumulator to the
address pointed by
DPTR
4310H NOP 00 No operation.
RESULT:
Thus the subtraction of two 8-bit data using immediate addressing was executed.
Experiment No: Date:

8051-MULTIPICATION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS

AIM:

To write an 8051 assembly language program to multiply two 8-bit numbers and
store the result in memory.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8051 Microcontroller kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power Cable.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Get the first data in accumulator.
Step 2: Get the second data in reg B.
Step 3: Multiply two 8-bit data.
Step 4: Get the data pointer to point the address 4500H.
Step 5: Store the LSB of the result from the accumulator to the address pointed by
DPTR.
Step 6: Increment the data pointer.

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 Step 7: Store the MSB of the result in the address pointed by DPTR.
Step 8: Stop the process.

OBSERVATION:

ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT 4301H 23 First data

4304H 0C Second data

OUTPUT 4500H A4 LSB

4501H 01 MSB
FLOWCHART:
Start

Clear carry flag

Get multiplicand in accumulator

Get multiplier in B reg.

Multiply accumulator with B

Store the result in memory

Stop
PROGRAM:

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 4300H MOV A,#data1 74 23 Move the data 1 to
accumulator.

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 4302H MOV F0,#data2 75, F0 0C Move the data 2 the
reg B.
4305H MUL B A4 Multiply A & B.

4306H MOV DPTR, #4500H 90 45,00 Move the address

4500H to DPTR.
4309H MOV X@DPTR,A F0 Move the data from
accumulator to the
address pointed by
DPTR
430AH INC DPTR A3 Increment the
DPTR.
430BH MOV A,B E5,F0 Move the content of
B reg to the
accumulator.
430DH MOV X@DPTR,A F0 Move the data from
accumulator to the
address pointed by
DPTR.
430EH NOP 00 No operation.
RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program for the multiplication of two 8-bit data
had been written and executed & the results were stored in desired memory location.
Experiment No: Date:

8051-DIVISION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS

AIM:

To write an 8051 assembly language program to divide two 8-bit numbers and
store the result in memory.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8051 Microcontroller kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power Cable.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Get the first data in accumulator.
Step 2: Get the second data in reg B.
Step 3: Divide two 8-bit data.
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 Step 4: Get the data pointer to point the address 4500H.
Step 5: Store the Quotient of the result from the accumulator to the address
pointed by DPTR.
Step 6: Increment the data pointer.
Step 7: Store the remainder of the result in the address pointed by DPTR.
Step 8: Stop the process.

OBSERVATION:

ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

INPUT 4301H 56 First data

4304H 15 Second data

OUTPUT 4500H 04 Quotient

4501H 06 Remainder
FLOWCHART:
Start

Clear carry flag

Get dividend in accumulator

Get divisor in B reg.

Divide accumulator with B

Store the result in memory

Stop
PROGRAM:

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LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS
START 4300H MOV A,#data1 74 56 Move the data 1 to
accumulator.
4302H MOV F0,#data2 75 15 Move the data 2 the
reg B.
4305H DIV B 84 Divide A by B.

4306H MOV DPTR, #4500H 90 45,00 Move the address

4500H to DPTR.
4309H MOV X@DPTR,A F0 Move the quotient
from accumulator to
the address pointed
by DPTR
430AH INC DPTR A3 Increment the
DPTR.
430BH MOV A,B E5,E0 Move the content
(remainder) of B reg.
to the accumulator.
430DH MOV X@DPTR,A F0 Move the remainder
from accumulator to
the address denoted
by DPTR.
430EH NOP 00 No operation.
RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program for the division of two 8-bit data had
been written and executed & the results were stored in desired memory location.
Experiment No: Date:

TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER

AIM:

To control the traffic light system using 8085 assembly language program.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power Cable.
(iii)Traffic Light Interface with connecting cable.

ALGORITHM:

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 Step 1: Initialize HL reg. pair with 4500H and C reg with 02H.
Step 2: Send control word to CNT register.
Step 3: Send data to port A & B.
Step 4: Call delay and increment HL pair.
Step 5: Decrement C reg.
Step 6: if C=0 go to step 1, otherwise go to step 3.

OBSERVATION:
ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS
4500H 80 Control Word
4501H 1A First Step Data
4502H A1 First Step Data
4503H 81 Second Step Data
4504H 5A Second Step Data
FLOWCHART:

Start

Initialize HL reg. pair with 4500H & C reg. with 02H

Send control word to CNT reg.

Send data to port A & B

Call Delay

Increment HL reg. pair

Decrement C register

If NO
C=0

YES

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DELAY :
PUSH PC reg. pair to stack

Move 05H to B reg

Load the DE with FFFFH

Décrément DE reg. pair

Is NO
DE=0 ?

YES
Décrément B reg

NO Is
B=0?

YES
POP stack to PC reg.

Return
PROGRAM:
LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS
START 4100H LXI H,4500H 21 00,45 Initialize HL pair with
4500H
` 4103H MVI C,02H 0E 02 Move data 02H to C reg.
4105H MOV A,M 7E Get data from memory to
accumulator.
4106H OUT CNT D3 0F Send data to control reg.

4108H INX H 23 Increment HL pair reg.

LOOP1 4109H MOV A,M 7E Get data from memory to
accumulator.
410AH OUT APRT D3 0C Send data to port A.

410CH INX H 23 Increment HL pair reg.

410DH MOV A,M 7E Get data from memory to

accumulator.

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 410EH OUT BPRT D3 0D Send data to port B.

4110H CALL CD 1B,41 Call delay routine.

DELAY
4113H INX H 23 Increment HL pair reg.

4114H DCR C 0D Decrement HL pair.

4115H JNZ LOOP1 C2 09,41 If C reg value is non-zero

go to loop1.
4118H JMP START C3 00,41 Go to start.
DELAY 411BH MVI B.05H 06 05 Move 05H to B reg.
LOOP3 411DH LXI D,FFFFH 11 FF,FF Initialize DE reg. pair with
FFFFH.
LOOP2 4120H DCX D 1B Decrement DE reg pair.

4121H MOV A,D 7A Move data from D to A

reg.
4122H ORA E B3 OR reg with E reg.

4123H JNZ LOOP2 C2 20,41 Go to loop2.

4126H DCR B 05 Decrement B reg.

4127H JNZ LOOP3 C2 1D,41 Go to loop3.

412AH RET C9 Return.

RESULT:
Thus the Assembly Language Program to control the traffic light system had
been written and output was verified.
Experiment No: Date:

STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACE

AIM:

To write an assembly language program to run a stepper motor at different speeds

in two directions.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power Cable.
(iii)Stepper Motor Interface with connecting cable.
(iv) Stepper motor

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ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Initialize HL register pair with address 4150H.
Step 2: Initialize register B with total number of data for rotation.
Step 3: Get the data for rotation in accumulator.
Step 4: Send the data from accumulator to port address of stepper motor interface.
Step 5: Initialize DE register pair with data 030H.
Step 6: Decrement DE register pair.
Step 7: Check the value of DE reg pair. If it is not equal to zero, go to step 3.
Otherwise go to step 1.

OBSERVATION:
ADDRESS DATA DATA

INPUT 411AH 0A 09
411BH 06 05

411CH 05 06

411DH 09 0A

OUTPUT Stepper motor Rotated in Rotated in reverse

forward Direction Direction in 4
in 4 different different speeds
speeds

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FLOWCHART:
Start

Initialize HL reg. with 411 AH & Initialize B reg. with 04H

Get data for rotation in accumulator

Send data to port address

Initialize DE reg. pair with 0303H

Décrément DE reg

Is NO
DE=0 ?

YES
Increment HL reg. pair

Decrement B reg.

Is NO
B=0?

YES
PROGRAM:
LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS
START 4100H LXI H,411AH 21 1A,41 Initialize HL reg. pair
with 411AH.
4103H MVI B,04H 06 04 Load data 04H to B reg.

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REPEAT 4105H MOV A,M 7E Send data to
accumulator.
4106H OUT C0H D3 C0 Send data to output port.

4108H LXI D,0303H 11 03,03 Initialize DE reg. pair

with 0303H.
DELAY 410BH NOP 00 No operation.

410CH DCX D 1B Decrement DE reg. pair.

410DH MOV A,E 7B Move data from E to A.

410EH ORA D B2 OR the accumulator

content with D reg.
410FH JNZ DELAY C2 0B,41 If DE not equal to zero,
go to DELAY.
4112H INX H 23 Increment HL reg. pair.

4113H DCR B 05 Decrement B reg.

4114H JNZ REPEAT C2 05,41 If B not equal to zero, go

to REPEAT.
4117H JMP START C3 00,41 Go to START.
Uni polar stepping scheme:
Clock wise Anti clock wise

Step A1 A2 B1 B2 A1 A2 B1 B2
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
3 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Two Phase Stepping Scheme:
Clock wise Anti clock wise

Step A1 A2 B1 B2 A1 A2 B1 B2
1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
2 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
3 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
RESULT:
Thus the program has been written and the stepper motor was rotated in two
directions at different speeds.
Experiment No: Date:

WAVEFORM GENERATION USING DAC

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AIM:

To generate different waveforms using DAC interface with 8085 microprocessor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power Cable.
(iii)DAC Interface.
(iv) CRO

SQUARE WAVEFORM

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Get the data 00H & output data at DAC1.
Step 2: Get the data FFH & output data at DAC4.
Step 3: Maintain data for sometime.
Step 4: Repeat the above steps.

SAWTOOTH WAVEFORM

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Get the data 00H & output data at DAC1.
Step 2: Increment data to FFH.
Step 3: Repeat the above steps.
Step 4: Stop the process.

TRIANGULAR WVEFORM

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Get the data 00H & output data at DAC1 or DAC2.
Step 2: Increment data to FFH.
Step 3: Decrement data from FFH to 00H.
Step 4: Repeat the above steps.
Step 5: Stop the process.

FLOWCHART:

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SQUARE WAVEFORM
Start

Move data 00H to A

Call Delay subroutine

Move data FFH to A

Call Delay subroutine

Jump

DELAY:

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 Start

Move data FFH to C reg & 05 to B reg

Decrement C reg.

YES Is
C ≠ 0?

NO
Decrement B reg.

Is YES
B≠0?

NO
Return
FLOWCHART:

SAWTOOTH WAVEFORM

Start

Move data 00H to A

Increment A

Is
YES A ≠ 0?

NO

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TRIANGULAR WVEFORM
Start

Move data 00H to L reg

Move L reg. content to Accumulator

Increment the reg. L

Is
YES L ≠ 0?

NO
Move data FFH to L reg.

Move L reg. content to Accumulator

Decrement the reg. L

Is
YES L ≠ 0?

NO
PROGRAM:

SQUARE WAVEFORM
LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS
START 4300H MVI A,00H 3E 00

4302H OUT C8H D3 C8

4304H CALL DELAY CD 11,43

4307H MVI A,FFH 3E FF

4309H OUT C8H D3 C8

430BH CALL DELAY CD 11,43

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 430EH JMP START C3 00,43
DELAY 4311H MVI B,05H 06 05
LOOP1 4313H MVI C,FFH 0E FF
LOOP2 4315H DCR C 0D

4316H JNZ LOOP2 C2 15,43

4319H DCR B 05

431AH JNZ LOOP1 C2 13,43

431DH RET C9
SAWTOOTH WAVEFORM

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 4500H MVI A,00H 3E 00
LOOP 4502H OUT C0H D3 C0

4504H INR A 3C

4505H JNZ LOOP C2 02,45

4508H JMP START C3 00,45

TRIANGULAR WVEFORM

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

START 4600H MVI L,00H 2E 00
LOOP1 4602H MOV A,L 7D

4603H OUT C8H D3 C8

4605H INR L 2C

4606H JNZ LOOP1 C2 02,46

4609H MVI L,FFH 2E FF

LOOP2 460BH MOV A,L 7D

460CH OUT C8H D3 C8

460EH DCR L 2D

460FH JNZ LOOP2 C2 0B,46

4612H JMP START C3 00,46

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RESULT:

Thus different waveforms were generated using DAC and 8085 microprocessor.
Experiment No: Date:

DC MOTOR INTERFACING

AIM:

To measure the speed of DC motor using 8085 assembly language program.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

(i) 8085 Microprocessor kit with keyboard.

(ii) Power Cable.
(iii)DC Motor interface.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Run DC motor at full speed by latching FF to the DAC.
Step 2: Make the gate of channel 0 to logic 0.
Step 3: Call Delay for stable running.
Step 4: set mode as interrupt on terminal port.
Step 5: Load maximum value FFFFH to timer channel 0.
Step 6: Enable gate for one second.
Step 7: Make gate low.
Step 8: Store the count value from timer CH 0 to memory.
Step 9: Get the actual counter value & divide it by 4.
Step 10: Multiply it with 60 to convert RPM.
Step 11: Convert hexadecimal into decimal for actual RPM.

OBSERVATION:

ADDRESS DATA COMMENTS

OUTPUT 4500H 87 LSB of timer channel 0

4501H 00 MSB of timer channel 0
FLOWCHART:

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 Start

Move FFH to DAC port

Make gate low

CALL DELAY

Set mode for timer CH 0

Load FFFFH to timer CH 0

Make gate high for 1sec

Make gate low

Store the count value from timer CH0 to memory

Stop
DELAY:

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 Initialize C reg with 03H

Load HL reg with A3C3H

Decrement HL reg pair

Is NO
DE=0

YES
Decrement C reg

Is NO
C=0

YES

Return
PROGRAM:

LABEL ADDRESS MNEMONICS OPCODE OPERAND COMMENTS

4100H MVI A,FFH 3E FF Load FF to DAC Port.

4102H OUT C0H D3 C0

4104H MVI A,00H 3E 00 Initialize gate as low.

4106H OUT D8H D3 D8

4108H CALLDELAY CD 2B,41 Delay for stable running.

410BH MVI A,30H 3E 30

410DH OUT CEH D3 CE

410FH MVI A,FFH 3E FF Load FFto timer CH0

4111H OUT C8H D3 C8

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 4113H OUT C8H D3 C8

4115H MVI A,00H 3E 00 Make gate high.

4117H OUT D0H D3 D0

4119H CALLDELAY CD 2B,41 Delay for 1sec.

411CH MVI A,00H 3E 00 Make gate as low.

411EH OUT D8H D3 D8

4120H IN C8H DB C8 In data from CH0 to

accumulator.
4122H STA 4500H 32 00,45 Store data in memory.

4125H MVI A,00H 3E 00

4127H STA 4501H 32 01,45 Clear buffer

412AH HLT 76
DELAY 412BH MVI C,03H 0E 03 Load C reg with data
03H.
LOOP2 412DH LXI H,A3C3H 21 C3,A3 Load HL reg with
A3C3H.
LOOP1 4130H DCX H 2B Decrement HL reg.

4131H MOV A,L 1D

4132H ORA H B4

4133H JNZ LOOP1 C2 30,41 If DE#0 go to loop1.

4136H DCR C 0D Decrement C reg.

4137H JNZ LOOP2 C2 2D,41 If C#0 go to loop2

413AH RET C9 Return to main program.

413BH HLT 76 Stop

RESULT:
Thus the program had been written and the speed of DC motor was measured as
65400rpm.

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