Spring Framework

in 10 Steps

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Getting Started with Spring Framework - Goals
Build a Loose Coupled Hello World Gaming App with Modern
Spring Approach
Get Hands-on with Spring and understand:
Why Spring?
Terminology
Tight Coupling and Loose Coupling
IOC Container
Application Context
Component Scan
Dependency Injection
Spring Beans
Auto Wiring

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Loose Coupling with Spring Framework
Design Game Runner to run games:
Mario, Super Contra, PacMan etc
Iteration 1: Tightly Coupled
GameRunner class
Game classes: Mario, Super Contra, PacMan etc
Iteration 2: Loose Coupling - Interfaces
GameRunner class
GamingConsole interface
Game classes: Mario, Super Contra, PacMan etc
Iteration 3: Loose Coupling - Spring
Spring framework will manage all our objects!
GameRunner class
GamingConsole interface
Game classes: Mario, Super Contra, PacMan etc

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Spring Framework - Questions
Question 1: What's happening in the background?
Let's debug!
Question 2: What about the terminology? How does it relate
to what we are doing?
Dependency, Dependency Injection, IOC Container, Application Context,
Component Scan, Spring Beans, Auto Wiring etc!
Question 3: Does the Spring Framework really add value?
We are replacing 3 simple lines with 3 complex lines!
Question 4: What if I want to run Super Contra game?
Question 5: How is Spring JAR downloaded?
Magic of Maven!

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Question 1: What's happening in the background?
Let's Debug:
Identified candidate component class: file [GameRunner.class]
Identified candidate component class: file [MarioGame.class]
Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'gameRunner'
Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'marioGame'
Autowiring by type from bean name 'gameRunner' via constructor to bean named
'marioGame'
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean
with name 'gameRunner' defined in file [GameRunner.class]
Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0;
nested exception is:org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException
No qualifying bean of type 'com.in28minutes.learnspringframework.game.GamingConsole' available
expected single matching bean but found 3: marioGame,pacManGame,superContraGame

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Question 2: Spring Framework - Important Terminology
@Component (..): Class managed by Spring framework
Dependency: GameRunner needs GamingConsole impl!
GamingConsole Impl (Ex: MarioGame) is a dependency of GameRunner
Component Scan: How does Spring Framework find
component classes?
It scans packages! (@ComponentScan("com.in28minutes"))
Dependency Injection: Identify beans, their dependencies
and wire them together (provides IOC - Inversion of Control)
Spring Beans: An object managed by Spring Framework
IoC container: Manages the lifecycle of beans and dependencies
Types: ApplicationContext (complex), BeanFactory (simpler features - rarely used)
Autowiring: Process of wiring in dependencies for a Spring Bean

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Question 3: Does the Spring Framework really add value? -
In Game Runner Hello World App, we have very few classes
BUT Real World applications are much more complex:
Multiple Layers (Web, Business, Data etc)
Each layer is dependent on the layer below it!
Example: Business Layer class talks to a Data Layer class
Data Layer class is a dependency of Business Layer class
There are thousands of such dependencies in every application!
With Spring Framework:
INSTEAD of FOCUSING on objects, their dependencies and wiring
You can focus on the business logic of your application!
Spring Framework manages the lifecycle of objects:
Mark components using annotations: @Component (and others..)
Mark dependencies using @Autowired
Allow Spring Framework to do its magic!
Ex: Controller > BusinessService (sum) > DataService (data)!

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Question 4: What if I want to run Super Contra game?
Try it as an exercise
@Primary
Playing with Spring:
Exercise:
Dummy implementation for PacMan and make it Primary!
Debugging Problems:
Remove @Component and Play with it!

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Question 5:
5: How is Spring JAR downloaded? (Maven)
What happens if you manually download Spring JAR?
Remember: Spring JAR needs other JARs
What if you need to upgrade to a new version?
Maven: Manage JARs needed by apps (application dependencies)
Once you add a dependency on Spring framework, Maven would download:
Spring Framework and its dependencies
All configuration in pom.xml
Maven artifacts: Identified by a Group Id, an Artifact Id!
Important Features:
Defines a simple project setup that follows best practices
Enables consistent usage across all projects
Manages dependency updates and transitive dependencies
Terminology Warning: Spring Dependency vs Maven Dependency

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Exploring Spring - Dependency Injection Types
Constructor-based : Dependencies are set by
creating the Bean using its Constructor
Setter-based : Dependencies are set by calling
setter methods on your beans
Field: No setter or constructor. Dependency is
injected using reflection.
Which one should you use?
Spring team recommends Constructor-based injection
as dependencies are automatically set when an object
is created!

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Spring Modules

Spring Framework is divided into modules:

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Spring Projects

Spring Projects: Spring keeps evolving (REST API > Microservices > Cloud)
Spring Boot: Most popular framework to build microservices
Spring Cloud: Build cloud native applications
Spring Data: Integrate the same way with different types of databases : NoSQL and Relational
Spring Integration: Address challenges with integration with other applications
Spring Security: Secure your web application or REST API or microservice

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Why is Spring Popular?
Loose Coupling: Spring manages beans and dependencies
Make writing unit tests easy!
Provides its own unit testing project - Spring Unit Testing
Reduced Boilerplate Code: Focus on Business Logic
Example: No need for exception handling in each method!
All Checked Exceptions are converted to Runtime or Unchecked Exceptions
Architectural Flexibility: Spring Modules and Projects
You can pick and choose which ones to use (You DON'T need to use all of
them!)
Evolution with Time: Microservices and Cloud
Spring Boot, Spring Cloud etc!

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Spring Framework - Review
Goal: 10,000 Feet overview of Spring Framework
Help you understand the terminology!
Dependency
Dependency Injection (and types)
Autowiring
Spring Beans
Component Scan
IOC Container (Application Context)
We will play with other Spring Modules and Projects later in the course
Advantages: Loosely Coupled Code (Focus on Business Logic),
Architectural Flexibility and Evolution with time!

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