Ton Duc Thang University

Faculty of Information Technology

OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
LAB 8: COLLECTIONS OF DATA
I. Objective
After completing this lab tutorial, you can:
• Understand Generics, ArrayList, Vector, and HashMap in OOP.

II. Generics
There are programming solutions applicable to a wide range of data types. The code is the same other
than the data type declarations.
In Java, you can make use of generic programming: A mechanism to specify a solution without tying it
down to a specific data type.
Generic types naming conventions
In this lab tutorial, we have a list of naming conventions:
E – Element
K – Key
V – Value
T – Type
Generic Methods
You can write a single generic method declaration that can be called with arguments of different types.
Based on the types of arguments passed to the generic method, the compiler handles each method call
appropriately. Following are the rules to define Generic Methods.
• All generic method declarations have a type parameter section delimited by angle brackets (<
and >) that precede the method's return type (<E> in the next example).
• Each type parameter section contains one or more type parameters separated by commas. A type
parameter, also known as a type variable, is an identifier that specifies a generic type name.
• The type parameters can be used to declare the return type and act as placeholders for the types
of arguments passed to the generic method, which are known as actual type arguments.
• A generic method's body is declared like any other method’s. Note that type parameters can represent
only reference types, not primitive types (like int, double, and char…).

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Example
// GenericMethod.java
public class GenericMethod {
public static <E> void printArray( E[] inputArray ) {
for(E element : inputArray) {
System.out.printf("%s ", element);
}
System.out.println();
}

public static void main(String args[]) {

Integer[] intArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
Double[] doubleArray = {1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4};
Character[] charArray = { 'T', 'D', 'T', 'U' };

System.out.println("Array integerArray contains:");

printArray(intArray);

System.out.println("\nArray doubleArray contains:");

printArray(doubleArray);

System.out.println("\nArray characterArray contains:");

printArray(charArray);
}
}

Generic Classes
A generic class declaration looks like a non-generic class declaration, except that the class name is
followed by a type parameter section.
As with generic methods, the type parameter section of a generic class can have one or more type
parameters separated by commas. These classes are known as parameterized classes or parameterized
types because they accept one or more parameters.
Example

// Box.java
public class Box<T> {
private T t;

public void set(T t) {

this.t = t;
}

public T get() {
return t;
}
}

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// Test.java
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Box<Integer> integerBox = new Box<Integer>();
Box<String> stringBox = new Box<String>();

integerBox.set(new Integer(10));
stringBox.set(new String("Hello World"));

System.out.printf("Integer Value :%d\n\n", integerBox.get());

System.out.printf("String Value :%s\n", stringBox.get());
}
}

III. ArrayList
The ArrayList class is a resizable array, which can be found in java.util package.
The difference between a built-in array and an ArrayList in Java is that the size of an array cannot be
modified (if you want to add or remove elements to/from an array, you have to create a new one). While
elements can be added and removed from an ArrayList whenever you want. Though, it may be slower
than standard arrays but can be helpful in programs where lots of manipulation in the array is needed.
• ArrayList inherits AbstractList class and implements List interface.
• ArrayList is initialized by size, however, the size can increase if the collection grows or shrinks
if objects are removed from the collection.
• Java ArrayList allows us to randomly access the list.
• ArrayList can not be used for primitive types, like int, char, etc. We need a wrapper class for
such cases.
Constructors
• ArrayList(): This constructor is used to build an empty array list
• ArrayList(Collection coll): This constructor is used to build an array list initialized
with the elements from collection c
• ArrayList(int capacity): This constructor is used to build an array list with the initial
capacity being specified
Methods
• add(Object obj): This method is used to append a specific element to the end of a list.
• add(int index, Object obj): This method is used to insert a specific element at a specific
position index in a list.
• get(int index): Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
• set(int index, E element): Replaces the element with the specified element at the
specified position in this list.

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• remove(int index): Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
• remove(Object obj): Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list, if
it is present.
• clear(): This method is used to remove all the elements from any list.
• size(): Returns the number of elements in this list.
Example
import java.util.*;

class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 5;
ArrayList<Integer> arrlist = new ArrayList<Integer>(n);
for (int i=1; i<=n; i++)
arrlist.add(i);
System.out.println(arrlist);
arrlist.remove(3);
System.out.println(arrlist);
for (int i=0; i<arrlist.size(); i++)
System.out.print(arrlist.get(i)+" ");
}
}

IV. Vector
The Vector class implements a growable array of objects. Vectors fall in legacy classes but now it is
fully compatible with collections.
• Vector implements a dynamic array which means it can grow or shrink as required. Like an
array, it contains components that can be accessed using an integer index.
• They are very similar to ArrayList but Vector is synchronized and has some legacy methods that
the collection framework does not contain.
• It extends AbstractList and implements List interfaces.
Constructors
• Vector(): Creates a default vector of an initial capacity is 10.
• Vector(int size): Creates a vector whose initial capacity is specified by size.
• Vector(int size, int incr): Creates a vector whose initial capacity is specified by size
and increment is specified by incr. It specifies the number of elements to allocate each time that
a vector is resized upward.
• Vector(Collection coll): Creates a vector that contains the elements of collection coll.

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Methods
• isEmpty(): Tests if this vector has no components.
• size(): Returns the number of components in this vector.
• add(E el): Appends the specified element to the end of this Vector.
• add(int index, E el): Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this Vector.
• remove(int index): Removes the element at the specified position in this Vector.
• remove(Object obj): Removes the first occurrence of the specified element in this Vector
if the Vector does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
• get(int index): Returns the element at the specified position in this Vector
• indexOf(Object obj): Searches for the first occurrence of the given argument, testing for
equality using the equals method.
• contains(Object obj): Tests if the specified object is a component in this vector.
Example

import java.util.Vector;
public class TestVector {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector<String> courses = new Vector<String>();
courses.add("501043");
courses.add(0, "501042");
courses.add("502043");

System.out.println(courses); // [501042, 501043, 502043]

System.out.println("At index 0: " + courses.get(0)); // At index 0: 501042

if (courses.contains("501043"))
System.out.println("501043 is in courses");
courses.remove("501043");
for (String c : courses)
System.out.println(c); // 501042 // 502043

}
}

V. HashMap
You learned that Arrays store items as an ordered collection, and you have to access them with an index
number (int type). A HashMap, however, stores items in "key: value" pairs, and you can access them
by an index of another type (e.g. a String).
One object is used as a key (index) to another object (value). It can store different types: String keys and
Integer values, or the same type, like String keys and String values.

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You can learn more about LinkedHashMap, and TreeMap. In this section, we just focus on HashMap.
Constructors

HashMap<K,V> map = new HashMap<K,V>();

Methods
• put(Object key, Object value): It is used to insert a particular key-value pair mapping
into a map.
• get(Object key): It is used to retrieve or fetch the value mapped by a particular key.
• replace(K key, V value): This method replaces the entry for the specified key only if it
is currently mapped to some value.
• remove(Object key): It is used to remove the values for any particular key in the Map.
• clear(): Used to remove all mappings from a map.
• size(): It is used to return the size of a map.
• keySet(): It is used to return a set view of the keys.
Example

import java.util.HashMap;

public class MyClass {

public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<String,Integer> people = new HashMap<String,Integer>();

people.put("John", 32);
people.put("Steve", 30);
people.put("Angie", 33);

for (String i : people.keySet()) {

System.out.println("key: " + i + " value: " + people.get(i));
}
// key: John value: 32
// key: Steve value: 30
// key: Angie value: 33
}
}

VI. Exercises
1. Write a Java program:
• Create a class Person with attributes such as name and birth year. Write constructor, setter,
getter, and toString methods.

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• Create a class Student that inherits from class Person with attributes id, score. Write
constructor, setter, getter, and toString methods.
• Create a class Employee that inherits from class Person with attributes id, salary. Write
constructor, setter, getter, and toString methods.
• Create class PersonModel and perform the following tasks:
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class PersonModel <T> {

private ArrayList<T> al = new ArrayList<T>();
public void add(T obj) {
al.add(obj);
}
public void display() {
for (T obj : al) {
System.out.println(obj);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// code here
}
}

• Create a PersonModel object.

• Use the add method to enter 2 students.
• Use the display method to display information of 2 students who have entered.
• Create a PersonModel object.
• Use the add method to enter 2 employees.
• Use the display method to display information of 2 employees who just entered.
• Create a PersonModel object.
• Use the add method to enter the names of 2 people.
• Use the display method to display information of 2 people who just entered.
2. Write a Point class with 2 attributes x and y and some methods like getter, setter, and toString.
Write a program to create an ArrayList with Point data types. Then find all points inside the
circle that have center O (0, 0) with a radius of 1. Hint: Write a method for calculating the
distance between a point and center O (0, 0).
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = +(𝑥1 − 𝑥2)! + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2)!
3. Given an abstract class Student with 02 properties: sName, gpa (grade point average), this class
has an abstract method public abstract String getRank(). Class ITStudent and MathStudent
are two subclasses of Student. ITStudent and MathStudent both have properties sID, but the
sID of ITStudent is int type, sID of MathStudent is String type. ITStudent and MathStudent
have different criteria to rank.

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• ITStudent: gpa <= 5 is rank “C”, 8 >= gpa > 5 is rank “B”, 10 >= gpa > 8 is rank “A”.
• MathStudent: gpa >= 5 is “Passed”, gpa < 5 is “Failed”.
Write a method public static ArrayList<Student> findStudent(ArrayList<Student> lstStu)
in the processing class to find the Student objects that have rank “A” or “Pass” in the Student
ArrayList. Write a main method in the processing class to create an ArrayList of Student
objects and print the result of the above method.
4. Write a program using Vector class with Integer data type. Create an X vector of length n, then
enter the elements into the vector. Calculate the vector Y as the value of f(X) with f(X) as 2x2 +
1 and then output the value to the screen.
5. Use HashMap to write an English-Vietnamese dictionary program with about 10 words. Each
word has 2 attributes: “word” and “meaning”.
• Write a method to check if a word exists in the dictionary or not.
• Write a method to find the meaning of a word.
• Write the main method that requires the user to enter words to look up and then search, and
print on the screen the meaning of the words you have requested.
6. In this exercise, you will design and implement a simple Student Records System that uses
generics and wildcard generics to manage students’ information and grades. You will practice
working with Java collections, such as ArrayList, HashMap, and work with a class that can store
student details with different types of student identifiers.
Requirements:
a. Generic Student Class
• Create a class named Student<T>, where T represents the type of student
identifier (for example, an Integer for IT student IDs and a String for Math
student IDs).
• The Student class should have the following attributes:
o A String name to represent the student’s name.
o A generic type attribute T to represent the student identifier (studentId).
The T type allows for flexibility in representing different types of student
IDs, such as numeric IDs for IT students and alphanumeric IDs for Math
students.
o A HashMap<String, Double> to store the student’s grades, where the
key is the subject name (e.g., “Java”, “Algebra”), and the value is the
grade (a Double value between 0.0 and 10.0).
• The class should have the following methods:
o A constructor to initialize the student’s name and studentId.

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o A method addGrade(String subject, Double grade) to add a grade for a

specific subject.
o A method getName() to retrieve the student’s name.
o A method getStudentId() to retrieve the student’s identifier.
o A method getGrades() to return the student’s grades.
b. Main Program
• Create a StudentRecordsSystem class with a main method.
• In the main method, instantiate and manage a list of students using an
ArrayList<Student<?>>. This means the ArrayList should be able to store
students with different types of student identifiers (e.g., Integer for IT students
and String for Math students). You will need to research wildcard generics in
Java to implement the solution correctly, as this topic is not covered directly in
the course material.
• Create at least two Student objects:
o One Student<Integer> representing an IT student with an integer ID
(e.g., 52400001).
o One Student<String> representing a Math student with a string-based ID
(e.g., “C2400001”).
• For each student, add at least two subjects and grades.
• Add the students to the studentList and print out the student’s name, ID, and
their grades for each subject.
In the main method, use the code below to print the output.

Example output:

-- THE END --

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