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Topic: Water Tank Level Indicator

Technical Report · March 2022

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24447.59047

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 Project Report
Topic: Water Tank Level Indicator

Information and Communication Technology

Comilla University,Cumilla.
ICT-506: Microprocessor and Microcontroller Lab
Supervised By:
Alimul Rajee
Lecturer
Dept. of ICT

Prepared By (Group- I ):
Serial No. Name ID
1 Farhan Ishrak 11909009
2 Tasrina Parvin 11909014
3 Ahad Hossain 11909022
4 Sumaiya Jafrin 11909027
5 Tasmiara Jahan Toma 11909048

Submission Date: / /
1
 ABSTRACT

Water tank overflow is a typical issue that results in water waste.

There are a variety of alternatives, such as ball valves that
automatically shut off the water flow when the tank is full. However,
as an electronics geek, wouldn't you prefer an electronic solution? So,
here's a simple and useful day that will show you how to build a
circuit that will detect the water level and sound an alarm when the
water tank is full or reaches a predetermined level.

Water level indicator is a new method of detecting water level that

employs cutting-edge technologies such as sensors and Arduino. The
project's main goal is to calculate the water level at any given time
and, if necessary, to sound the buzzer.

Today, a water level indicator is routinely used to detect the level of

any water tank or container. The circuit is straightforward, cost-
effective, and adaptable. It is used to turn on the motor pump when
the water level in the tank drops below the lowest level and to know
when to turn off the pump when the circuit detects that the tank is full.
The circuit included three LED lights, each of which indicated a
different level of water. When the water level reaches its maximum,
the circuit sounds an alarm, signaling that the tank is full.

2
 INDEX

SI. No Title Page No.

1 Introduction 4
2 Literature review 4
3 Apparatus 5
4 Block diagram 5
5 Methodology 6
6 Code 16
7 Output 19
8 Conclusion 19
9 Reference 20

3
 INTRODUCTION

Water tanks are used as the primary source of water supply in today's
homes and structures. And, given our modern technology, it's not
unexpected that these water tanks include built-in water level gauges.
Others, particularly those who had their own water tanks built long ago
without built-in water level monitors, are not so fortunate. Filling tanks
with water wastes a lot of water because it takes time and you can't
always detect if the tank is full, therefore some people abandon the
process and fail to turn off the water supply when the tank is full,
wasting a lot of water and energy. The goal of this project is to raise the
water level.

LITERATURE REVIEW

 Water level is determined using water level sensor. [1]

 How to connect l2C circuit with LCD display. [2]
 Determining water level using LED display with water level
sensor and Arduino. [3]

4
 APPARATUS

1. Aurdino board uno

2. Water level sensor
3. Resistor
4. Transistor
5. Jumper wire
6. LED
7. Water tank
8. Breadboard
9. Buzzer
10. LCD monitor with I2C module

BLOCK DIAGRAM

5
 METHODOLOGY

Aurdino board uno:

The Arduino UNO is the ideal board for learning how to code and
work with electronics. The UNO is the most study board you can start
with if this is your first time working with the platform. The Arduino
UNO is the most popular and well-documented board in the Arduino
family.

Resistor:

A resistor is a two-terminal passive electrical component that acts as a

circuit element by implementing electrical resistance. Resistors are
used in electronic circuits to minimize noise. Current flow, signal
level adjustments, voltage division, active element biasing, and

6
among other things, it's used to terminate transmission cables.
Resistors with a lot of power many watts of electrical power are
dissipated as heat, and they can be employed as part of a motor.
Controllers, power distribution systems, or as generator test loads.

Transistor:

A transistor is a semiconductor device that amplifies or switches

electrical impulses. The transistor is a fundamental component of
modern electronics. It is made of semiconductor material and
typically has three terminals for connecting to an electronic circuit.

7
Jumper wire:

A jump wire (also known as a jumper, jumper wire, or DuPont wire)

is an electrical wire, or a group of them in a cable, with a connector or
pin at each end (or sometimes without – simply "tinned"), that is
normally used to connect the components of a breadboard or other
prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or
components, without soldering. Individual jump wires are connected
by slipping their "end connectors" into slots on a breadboard, a circuit
board's header connector, or a piece of test equipment.

Buzzer:

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may

be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short).
Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers,
train and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or
keystroke.

8
Breadboard:

A breadboard is a circuit board used for constructing temporary

circuits. It is an electronic gadget with test circuit designs. By placing
terminals and leads into holes and connecting them with appropriate
wires, the electronic elements inside electronic circuits can be
swapped out. The device features metal stripes running beneath the
board that link the holes on the top. The breadboard's connections are
primarily transitory, and the elements can be rebuilt and reused
without causing any damage. In electrical engineering, breadboards
are commonly utilized.

Engineers utilize breadboards to test the many items that they create.

Breadboard testing is the most efficient and cost-effective method of

testing.

9
9V battery:
Use a 9v battery with your arduino projects to provide a higher-
current power supply for things like motors. You can also feed 9v
power into your arduino‟s dc barrel jack using 9v battery clip with a
jack to get a regulated 5v from the internal regulator.
Buy a 9v battery from amazon, sparkfun, adafruit, or newark.

10
LED:
A typical 5mm led has a forward voltage drop of 2 volts and a
forward current of 20 mill amperes. When connecting a led to your
Arduino, don't forget to use a current-limiting resistor!
LEDs are available from Amazon, Sparkfun, Adafruit, and Newark.

Water Level Sensor:

The sensor has a series of ten exposed copper traces, five of which are
power traces and five are sense traces.

These traces are interlaced so that there is one sense trace between
every two power traces.

Usually these traces are not connected but are bridged by water when
submerged.

11
There’s a Power LED on the board which will light up when the
board is powered.

How Water Level Sensor Works?

The working of the water level sensor is pretty straightforward.

The series of exposed parallel conductors, together acts as a variable

resistor (just like a potentiometer) whose resistance varies according
to the water level.

The change in resistance corresponds to the distance from the top of

the sensor to the surface of the water.

12
 The resistance is inversely proportional to the height of the water:

 The more water the sensor is immersed in, results in better

conductivity and will result in a lower resistance.

 The less water the sensor is immersed in, results in poor conductivity
and will result in a higher resistance.

The sensor produces an output voltage according to the resistance,

which by measuring we can determine the water level.

Water Level Sensor Pin out

The water level sensor is super easy to use and only has 3 pins to
connect.

13
S (Signal) pin is an analog output that will be connected to one of the
analog inputs on your Arduino.

+ (VCC) pin supplies power for the sensor. It is recommended to

power the sensor with between 3.3V – 5V. Please note that the analog
output will vary depending on what voltage is provided for the sensor.

– (GND) is a ground connection.

 Finding Level using water level sensor (Low, Medium, High).

Wiring Water Level Sensor with Arduino

14
LCD display module:
The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It is one kind of
electronic display module used in an extensive range of applications
like various circuits & devices like mobile phones, calculators,
computers, TV sets, etc. These displays are mainly preferred for
multi-segment light-emitting diodes and seven segments. The main
benefits of using this module are inexpensive; simply programmable,
animations, and there are no limitations for displaying custom
characters, special and even animations, etc.

I2C Module

15
 CODE

Arduino programming
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

int Red = 11;

int Green = 13;
int Blue = 12;
int buzzer = 4;

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
pinMode(Red, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Green, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Blue, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
}
void R()
{
digitalWrite(Red, HIGH);

16
 digitalWrite(Green, LOW);
digitalWrite(Blue, LOW);
}
void G()
{
digitalWrite(Red, LOW);
digitalWrite(Green, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Blue, LOW);
}
void B()
{
digitalWrite(Red, LOW);
digitalWrite(Green, LOW);
digitalWrite(Blue, HIGH);
}
void loop()
{
int value = analogRead(A0);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Value :");
lcd.print(value);
lcd.print(" ");
Serial.println(value);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("W Level :");

17
 if (value == 0)
{
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
lcd.print("Empty ");
R();
} else if (value > 1 && value < 350)
{
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
R();
lcd.print("LOW ");
} else if (value > 350 && value < 450)
{
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
B();
lcd.print("Medium");
} else if (value > 450)
{
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
G();
lcd.print("HIGH ");
}
}

18
 Output

After connections are completed…

CONCLUSION

We learned how Arduino works, its hardware and software

characteristics, and the applications where it is currently employed in
this project.

We also learned how to use Arduino's own IDE to write sketches.

(Software). The possibilities for new Arduino projects are infinite. The
potentials for

The possibilities for learning and developing new concepts with an

Arduino are endless. It does, however.

19
 Although it has its own limitations, it is an excellent tool for learning.

REFERENCE

[1] YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/GnD-hRnWFLA

Access Date: April 22, 2022

[2] YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/Vas7NSV8g-w

Access Date: May 01, 2022

[3] YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/Bp89M4tnIPY

Access Date: May 06, 2022

[4] Website Link: https://robu.in/water-level-indicator-interfacing-with-arduino-

connection-and-code/
Access Date: May 15, 2022

[5] Website Link: https://lastminuteengineers.com/water-level-sensor-arduino-

tutorial/
Access Date: May 15, 2022

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