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Process Scheduling Algorithms

The document provides an overview of process scheduling algorithms, detailing their goals, key criteria, and various types such as FCFS, SJF, SRTF, RR, and Priority Scheduling. It includes examples, Gantt charts, and practice exercises for calculating waiting and turnaround times. A summary table compares the algorithms based on their preemptiveness, average waiting time, and suitability for different systems.

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4 views

Process Scheduling Algorithms

The document provides an overview of process scheduling algorithms, detailing their goals, key criteria, and various types such as FCFS, SJF, SRTF, RR, and Priority Scheduling. It includes examples, Gantt charts, and practice exercises for calculating waiting and turnaround times. A summary table compares the algorithms based on their preemptiveness, average waiting time, and suitability for different systems.

Uploaded by

temmidas237
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Process Scheduling Algorithms – Short Notes

1. Introduction to Process Scheduling

 Process Scheduling determines the order in which processes are executed by the CPU.
 Goal: maximize CPU utilization, minimize waiting and turnaround times, and ensure
fairness.

2. Key Scheduling Criteria


 CPU Burst Time: Time the process needs on CPU.
 Arrival Time: When the process enters the ready queue.
 Waiting Time (WT): Time spent waiting in the queue.
 Turnaround Time (TAT): Completion time – Arrival time.
 Response Time: First response – Arrival time.

3. First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)

 Non-preemptive
 Processes executed in order of arrival.

Example:

Process Arrival Time Burst Time


P1 0 5
P2 1 3
P3 2 8

Gantt Chart: P1 | P2 | P3
Waiting Time:

 P1 = 0
 P2 = 5 – 1 = 4
 P3 = (5+3) – 2 = 6
Avg WT = (0+4+6)/3 = 3.33
4. Shortest Job First (SJF)

 Non-preemptive
 Process with the shortest burst time is selected.

Same Example:
Order: P1 | P2 | P3 → (as P2 has to wait till P1 finishes)
Improves Avg Waiting Time when short processes are executed first.

5. Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF)

 Preemptive version of SJF


 If a new process arrives with a shorter remaining time, it preempts.

Example Exercise:

 Arrival: P1(0,8), P2(1,4), P3(2,2), P4(3,1)

Try to build Gantt Chart, compute WT and TAT.

6. Round Robin (RR)

 Preemptive
 Each process gets CPU for a time slice (quantum).
 After quantum expires, process goes to the back of the queue.

Example:

 Quantum = 2
 Processes: P1(5), P2(3), P3(1)

Gantt Chart: P1 | P2 | P3 | P1 | P2 | P1
Calculate WT and TAT

7. Priority Scheduling

 Each process assigned a priority; lower number = higher priority.


 Can be preemptive or non-preemptive.

Example:
Process Burst Time Priority
P1 10 3
P2 1 1
P3 2 2

Execution Order: P2 → P3 → P1

Summary Table
Algorithm Preemptive Avg WT Suitable for
FCFS No Medium Simple batch systems
SJF No Low Predictable jobs
SRTF Yes Lowest Optimal, complex to implement
RR Yes Fair Time-sharing systems
Priority Both Varies Real-time systems

Practice Exercises
Exercise 1: FCFS & SJF Comparison

Given:

Process Arrival Burst


P1 0 7
P2 1 5
P3 3 1

 Compute WT and TAT for both FCFS and SJF.


 Compare the average waiting and turnaround times.

Exercise 2: Round Robin

Processes: P1(Arrival=0, Burst=5), P2(0,3), P3(1,6)


Quantum = 2

 Draw Gantt Chart.


 Compute WT, TAT for each.
Exercise 3: SRTF Calculation

Processes:

 P1 (0, 6)
 P2 (1, 2)
 P3 (2, 4)
 P4 (3, 1)
 Use Gantt chart to calculate WT, TAT.

Exercise 4: Priority Scheduling

Processes:

Process Burst Priority


P1 4 2
P2 3 1
P3 1 3

 Use non-preemptive scheduling

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