Syllabi

Four Year Undergraduate Programme (FYUGP)

Gauhati University

Effective from Academic Year 2023-24

GAUHATI UNIVERSITY
Guwahati-781014
 Four-year Undergraduate Programme

Subject: Physics
Semester: First
Course Name: Mathematical Physics and Mechanics
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Maths and Physics
Course Level: PHY101
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Theory
Part A: Mathematical Physics
Scalar and vector fields. Derivatives of vector 8 Credit - 1
Unit I- Vector functions (physical examples-velocity,
Calculus centripetal acceleration of a point in circular
motion). Directional derivative. Gradient of a
scalar field (example of Newton’s gravitational
force as gradient of a scalar potential). Gradient
as normal vector to a surface. Divergence and
curl of a vector field- solenoidal and irrotational
vector fields. Laplacian operator (physical
problems –Laplacian of gravitational potential,
divergence of central force). Vector identities.
Vector integration- Line integral (physical
example- work done by a force, path
dependence/independence and concept of
conservative force). Surface and volume
integrals. Concept of vector flux. Gauss’s
divergence theorem and Stokes’s theorem
(statement only).
Unit– II: Introduction to curvilinear coordinates. 5
Curvilinear Orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Examples of
coordinates spherical, cylindrical and plane polar
coordinates. Line element- transformation from
Cartesian to curvilinear coordinates (spherical
and cylindrical). Gradient, divergence and curl
in spherical and cylindrical coordinates.

Unit-III: Dirac Definition and properties of Dirac delta function. 2

delta function Representation of delta function by Gaussian
function, rectangular function and Laplacian of
1/r . 3-Dimensional delta function.

Part B – Mechanics

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 Inertial frames. Non-inertial frames and 4 Credit - 2
Unit 1- fictitious forces. Uniformly rotating frame. Laws
Reference of physics in rotating coordinate systems.
frames Centrifugal force. Coriolis force and its
applications.
Unit –II: Motion under central force. Two-body problem 7
Gravitation and and its reduction to one body problem. Kepler’s
central force laws, Gravitational potential and fields due to
motion spherical body. Gauss’s law and Poisson’s
equation for gravitational field.
Unit –III: Dynamics of a system of particles. Centre of 4
Conservation mass. Principle of conservation of momentum.
laws Torque. Impulse.
Elastic and inelastic collisions between particles.
Centre of mass and laboratory frames.
Unit–IV: Rigid body motion. Rotational motion. Moment 6
Dynamics of of inertia of rectangular lamina, disc, cylindrical
rigid bodies and spherical bodies. Kinetic energy of rotation.
Motion involving both translation and rotation.
Unit–V: Work Work and kinetic energy theorem. Conservative 3
and energy and non-conservative forces. Potential energy.
Force as gradient of potential energy. Work and
potential energy. Work done by non-
conservative forces.
Unit –VI: Oscillation - differential equation of simple 2
Oscillations harmonic motion and its solution. Total energy
of oscillation.

Unit –VII: Relation between elastic constants. Twisting 4

Properties of torque on a cylinder or wire. Cantilever.
matter Kinematics of moving fluids: Poiseuille’s
equation for flow of a liquid through a capillary
tube.

Laboratory

At least four from the following: Credit-1

1. To study the motion of spring and calculate (a)
spring constant and (b) rigidity modulus.
2. To determine the moment of inertia of a
cylinder about two different axes of symmetry
by torsional oscillation method.

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 3. To determine coefficient of viscosity of water
by capillary flow method (Poiseuille’s method).
4. To determine the Young’s modulus of the
material of a wire by Searle’s apparatus.
5. To determine the modulus of rigidity of a wire
(static method).
6. To determine the value of g using bar
pendulum.
7. To determine the value of g using Kater’s
pendulum.
8. To determine the height of a building using a
sextant.
9. To determine g and velocity for a freely falling
body using digital timing technique.

Reading list

1. Essential Mathematical Methods for the Physical Sciences; K.F. Riley and M.P.
Hobson, Cambridge University Press.
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics; E. Kreyszic, John Wiley & Sons (New York).
3. Mathematical Methods for Physicists; G. B. Arfken, H. J. Weber and F.E. Harris,
Elsevier.
4. Mathematical Physics-I, K. K Pathak and S. Parasher, Vishal Publication, Jalandhar
(Delhi).
5. Theoretical Mechanics, M. R. Spiegel, Tata McGraw Hill.
6. Mechanics; D. S. Mathur, S. Chand & Company Limited.
7. An Introduction to Mechanics, D. Kleppner and R. J. Kolenkow, Tata McGraw-Hill.
8. Mechanics, Berkeley Physics, vol.1, C. Kittel, W. Knight, et.al., Tata McGraw-Hill.
9. Physics, R. Resnick, D. Halliday and J. Walker, John Wiley & Sons.
10. Analytical Mechanics, G. R. Fowles and G. L. Cassiday, Cengage Learning.

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Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

This course introduces mathematical physics and mechanics. The basic objectives of the course
are
 to introduce essential primary concepts in mathematical physics such as calculus of
vectors, curvilinear coordinates and Dirac delta function which are required for
developing insight of the theories of physics,
 to introduce the concepts of dynamics of particles, energy, oscillation and basic
properties of matter which will equip students with the tools required for applying the
concepts of physics in practical problems and
 to train the students with concept visualisation through some laboratory practices.

ii. Learning outcome

On successful completion of the course, students will be able to understand the calculus of
vectors and concept of curved spaces which play central roles in developing insight of the
theories of physics. They will learn the powerful method of computation through Dirac delta
function which often appears in complex problems of physics. Students will be able to
understand and apply the concepts of dynamics of particles, energy, oscillation and basic
properties of matter in various problems of physics, technology and engineering. They will be
trained in concept realisation through laboratory practices.

Theory Credit: 03 (Three)

Practical Credit: 01 (One)

No. of Required Classes: 45

No. of Contact Classes: 45

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Dr. Sanjeev Kalita, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Krishna Kingkar Pathak, Arya Vidyapeeth College, [email protected]
3) Dr. Samrat Dey, Pragjyotish College, [email protected]

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 Subject: Physics
Semester: Two
Course Name: Mathematical Physics & Electricity and Magnetism
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Maths and Physics
Course Level: PHY151
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Theory
Part A: Mathematical Physics (Theory)
First and second order ordinary differential 10 Credit - 1
Unit 1- equations (ODE). Homogeneous and
Differential inhomogeneous differential equations. Solutions
equations of first order ODE – integrating factors (physical
examples – radioactive decay, Newton’s law of
cooling, particle falling under gravity through a
resistive medium). Concept of initial/boundary
conditions. Solutions of second order ODE with
constant coefficients - complementary function
and particular integral (physical examples-
simple harmonic oscillation, forced vibration).
Wronskian- definition and its use to check linear
independence of 2nd order homogeneous linear
differential equation.
Partial differential equations (PDE) (physical
examples – wave equation, diffusion equation,
Laplace and Poisson equation – introduction
only). Exact and inexact differentials. Concept of
variable separation in a PDE.
Unit– II: Properties of matrices. Determinant and rank. 5
Matrices Transpose and complex conjugate of matrices.
Hermitian and anti-Hermitian matrices. Unitary
and orthogonal matrices. Representation of linear
homogeneous and inhomogeneous equations
through matrix equation. Inverse of a matrix.
Eigen values and eigen-vectors. Cayley-
Hamilton Theorem (statement only),
Diagonalization of simple matrices.

Part B – Electricity and Magnetism (Theory)

Electrostatic field, electric flux. Gauss’s law. 13 Credit - 2

Unit I: Application of Gauss’s law to charge
Electric field distributions with planar, spherical and

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and electric cylindrical symmetries. Conservative nature of
potential electrostatic field. Electrostatic potential.
Electrostatic energy of a system of charges.
Electrostatic boundary conditions. Laplace’s and
Poisson’s equations. Uniqueness theorem.
Application of Laplace’s equation involving
planar, spherical and cylindrical symmetries.
Potential and electric field of a dipole. Force and
torque on a dipole. Capacitance of a system of
charged conductors. Parallel plate capacitor.
Capacitance on an isolated conductor.
Unit –II: Electric field in matter. Polarisation, polarisation 4
Dielectric charges. Electrical susceptibility and dielectric
properties of constant. Capacitor (parallel plate, spherical and
matter cylindrical) filled with dielectric. Displacement
vector, D⃗. Relation between E⃗, P⃗ and D⃗. Gauss’s
law in dielectrics.
Unit –III: Magnetic force on a point charge, definition and 6
Magnetic field properties of magnetic field B⃗. Curl and
divergence. Vector potential, A⃗. Magnetic scaler
potential. Magnetic force on (i) a current carrying
wire and (ii) between two elements. Torque on a
current loop in a uniform magnetic field. Biot-
Savart’s law and its simple application: straight
wire and circular loop. Current loop as a magnetic
dipole and its dipole moment (analogy with
electric dipole). Ampere’s circuital law and its
application to (i) solenoid and (ii) torus.
Unit–IV: Magnetization vector, M⃗. Magnetic intensity, H⃗. 2
Magnetic Magnetic susceptibility and permeability.
properties of
Relation between B⃗, H⃗ and M⃗. Ferromagnetism.
matter
B-H curve and hysteresis.
Unit–V: AC circuits: Kirchhoff’s laws for AC circuits. 5
Electrical Complex reactance and inductance. Series LCR
circuits circuits and parallel LCR circuits: (i) phasor
diagram, (ii) resonance, (iii) power dissipation,
(iv) quality factor, and (v) band width. Ideal
constant-voltage and constant-current sources.
Thevenin theorem and Norton theorem (only
statements and solving of related problems).
Laboratory

At least four from the following: Credit-1

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1. Use a Multimeter for measuring (a)
Resistances, (b) AC and DC Voltages, (c) DC
Current, (d) Capacitances, and (e)
Checking electrical fuses.

2. To study the characteristics of a series RC

circuit.

3. To determine an unknown Low Resistance

using Potentiometer.

4. To determine an unknown Low Resistance

using Carey Foster’s Bridge.

5. To compare capacitances using De’ Sauty’s

bridge.

6. Measurement of field strength B⃗ and its

variation in a solenoid (determine ).

7. To verify the Thevenin and Norton Theorems.

8. To verify the superposition and maximum

power transfer theorems.

9. To determine the self-inductance of a coil by

Anderson’s bridge.

10. To study the response curve of a Series LCR

circuit and determine its (a) Resonant frequency,
(b) Impedance at resonance, (c) Quality factor
Q, and (d) Band width.

11. To study the response curve of a parallel

LCR circuit and determine its (a) Anti-
resonant frequency and (b) Quality factor Q.

12. Measurement of charge and current

sensitivity and CDR of Ballistic Galvanometer.

13. Determine a high resistance by leakage

method using Ballistic Galvanometer.

14. To determine the self-inductance of a coil by

Rayleigh’s method.

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 15. To determine the mutual inductance of two
coils by the Absolute method.

Reading list

[1] Essential Mathematical Methods for the Physical Sciences; K. F. Riley and M. P. Hobson,
Cambridge University Press.
[2] Advanced Engineering Mathematics; E. Kreyszic, John Wiley & Sons (New York)
[3] Mathematical Methods for Physicists; G. B. Arfken, H. J. Weber and F.E. Harris, Elsevier
[4] Mathematical Physics, H. K. Dass and Dr. Rama Verma, S. Chand Publication.
[5] Mathematical Physics-I; Krishna K. Pathak and Sangeeta Prasher, Vishal Publishing Co,
Jalalandhar (Delhi).
[6] Introduction to Electrodynamics, D. J. Griffiths.
[7] Electricity and Magnetism [With electromagnetic theory and special theory of relativity],
D. Chattopadhyay and P. C. Rakshit, 2013, New Central Book Agency (P) Limited.
[8] Electricity, Magnetism and Electromagnetic Theory, S. Mahajan and S. R. Choudhury,
2012, Tata Mcgraw.
[9] Schaum’s outline of Theory and Problems of Electromagnetics, J. A. Edminister.
[10] Electromagnetics, B. B. Laud, New Age International Publishers.
[11] Feynman Lectures Vol. 2, R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton, M. Sands, 2008, Pearson
Education.
[12] Electricity and Magnetism, Edward M. Purcell, 1986, McGraw-Hill Education.
[13] Elements of Electromagnetics, M. N. O. Sadiku, 2008. Pearson Education.
[14] Electricity and Magnetism, J. W. Fewkes and J. Yarwood, Vol. I, 1991, Oxford Univ.
Press.

Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

 To introduce the methods of solving differential equations.

 To introduce various concepts of matrix algebra.
 Electric field from vector calculus point of view and use of potential formulation
to solve electrostatic problems.
 Magnetic fields of current carrying conductors, torus, solenoids etc. Study
magnetic properties of matter.
 Study and analysis of AC circuits like LCR, and use of network theorems in
electrical circuits.

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ii. Learning outcome

After the successful completion of the course, students will be able to understand methods of
solving various differential equations appearing in physics. It will give an idea of how to study
evolution of a physical system. Through matrix algebra students will be able to compute
various matrix operations which are required for solving physical problems. They will be able
to understand electric field and magnetic fields in matter, dielectric properties of matter,
magnetic properties of matter, application of Kirchhoff’s law in different circuits, and
application of network theorem in different circuits. The students will also get accustomed to
using multimeters and potentiometers, and they will be able to determine some of the important
physical quantities related to electricity and magnetism for a better understanding of the topic.

Theory Credit: 03 (Three)

Practical Credit: 01 (One)

No. of Required Classes: 45

No. of Contact Classes: 45

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1. Dr. Manos P. C. Kalita, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2. Dr. Chabin Thakuria, Tihu College, [email protected]
3. Dr. Bhaskar J. Hazarika, Pandu College, [email protected]
4. Dr. Krishna Kinkar Pathak, Arya Vidyapeeth College, [email protected]

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 Subject: Physics
Semester: Three
Course Name: Waves and Optics
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Maths and Physics
Course Level: PHY201
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Wave and Optics (Theory)
Superposition of waves: Linearity and 4 Credit - 3
Unit I: Superposition principle, Superposition of two
Superposition of collinear oscillations having (1) equal
harmonic frequencies and (2) different frequencies
oscillations (Beats), Lissajous figures and their use.
Unit– II: Waves: Progressive (Travelling) Waves, wave 4
Wave motion equation, plane wave and spherical wave,
Longitudinal and Transverse Waves,
dispersion, group velocity, phase velocity,
Pressure of a Longitudinal Wave. Energy
Transport. Intensity of Wave.

Unit –III: Velocity of Waves: Velocity of Transverse 4

Velocity of Vibrations of Stretched Strings. Velocity of
waves Longitudinal Waves in a Fluid in a Pipe.
Newton’s Formula for Velocity of Sound.
Laplace’s Correction.
Unit–IV: Superposition of Two Harmonic Waves: 9
Superposition of Standing (Stationary) Waves in a String: Fixed
two harmonic and Free Ends. Analytical Treatment. Phase
waves and Group Velocities. Changes with respect to
Position and Time. Energy of Vibrating String.
Transfer of Energy. Normal Modes of
Stretched Strings. Plucked and Struck Strings.
Melde’s Experiment. Longitudinal Standing
Waves and Normal Modes. Open and Closed
Pipes.
Unit–V: Wave Wave optics: Electromagnetic nature of light, 4
optics definition and properties of wave front.
Huygens principle. Temporal and Spatial
coherence.
Unit–VI: Division of wave front and amplitude, intensity 8
Interference distribution in an interference pattern, Young's

10
 double slit experiment, Fresnel’s Biprism.
Phase change on reflection: Stokes’ treatment,
Interference in Thin Films: parallel and wedge-
shaped films, Newton’s Rings: Measurement
of wavelength and refractive index, Michelson
interferometer.
Unit–VII: Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction. Fresnel’s 7
Diffraction Half-Period Zones for Plane Wave. Fresnel
diffraction pattern of a straight edge and at a
circular aperture. Fraunhofer diffraction:
Single slit. Double slit. Diffraction grating.
Resolving power of grating.
Unit–VIII: Polarized light and its mathematical
Polarization representation, Production of polarized light by
reflection, refraction and scattering.
Polarization by double refraction and
Huygen’s theory, Nicol prism, Production and
analysis of circularly and elliptically polarized
light.
Laboratory

At least four from the following: Credit-1

1. To determine the frequency of an electric
tuning fork by Melde’s experiment and verify
λ2-T law.
2. Study of Lissajous Figure of two different
waves using CRO and find out the unknown
frequency of an electrical signal.
3. Familiarization with: Schuster’s focusing,
determination of angle of prism.
4. To determine refractive index of the Material
of a prism using sodium source.
5. To determine the dispersive power and
Cauchy constants of the material of a prism
using mercury source.
6. To determine wavelength of sodium light
using Fresnel Biprism.
7. To determine wavelength of sodium light
using Newton’s Rings.

11
 8. To determine the thickness of a thin paper by
measuring the width of the interference fringes
produced by a wedge-shaped Film.
9. To determine wavelength of (1) Na source
and (2) spectral lines of Hg source using plane
diffraction grating.
10. To determine dispersive power and
resolving power of a plane diffraction grating.

Reading list

[1] Waves: Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 3, Francis Crawford, 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill.
[2] The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain, 2013, John Wiley and Sons.
[3] Vibrations and Waves in Physics, 2nd edition, I. G. Main, 1984, Cambridge University
Press.
[4] A Textbook of Sound, 3rd Edition, A. B. Wood, 1955, Bell & Sons.
[5] The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K. Bajaj, 1998, Tata McGraw Hill.
[6] Fundamentals of Optics, F. A. Jenkins and H.E. White, 1981, McGraw-Hill
[7] Principles of Optics, Max Born and Emil Wolf, 7th Edn., 1999, Pergamon Press.
[8] Optics, Ajoy Ghatak, 2008, Tata McGraw Hill
[9] Principles of Optics, B. K. Mathur and T. P. Pandya, 1981, Tata McGraw-Hill
International.
[10] Fundamental of Optics, A. Kumar, H. R. Gulati and D. R. Khanna, 2011, R. Chand
Publications.

Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

 To learn the superposition of harmonic waves and oscillations, different types of wave
motions, formation of standing waves and velocity of waves in media.
 To learn optical phenomena such as interference, diffraction and polarization in terms
of the wave model
 To learn the principles and applications of optical instruments like biprism,
interferometer and diffraction grating etc.
 To learn hand on experiments with prism, biprism, spectrometer, Newton’s ring
apparatus, grating, CRO, sodium and mercury light sources etc.

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ii. Learning outcome

On successful completion of the course students will:

1. understand Simple Harmonic Oscillation and superposition principle.
2. understand the classical wave equation in transvers and longitudinal waves and solutions
of few physical systems on its basis.
3. understand the concept of normal modes in transvers and longitudinal waves
4. understand the interference as superposition of waves from coherent sources and also
understand the basic principle of Young's double slit experiment, Fresnel’s Biprism, Newton’s
Rings, Michelson interferometer etc.
5. understand the basic concept of diffraction, Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction from a slit.
6. understand the concept of polarisation of light, the production and detection of polarized
light.
7. understand working principle of prism, biprism, spectrometer, Newton’s ring apparatus,
grating, CRO, sodium and mercury light sources etc.

Theory Credit: 03 (Three)

Practical Credit: 01 (One)

No. of Required Classes: 45

No. of Contact Classes: 45

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Dr. Simanta Hazarika, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Hemen Kakati, Nalbari College, [email protected]
3) Dr. Arup Jyoti Choudhury, Guwahati College, [email protected]

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 Subject: Physics
Semester: Four
Course Name: Classical Mechanics
Existing Base Syllabus: Mechanics of semester I
Course Level: PHY251
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Unit I: Review of Newtonian mechanics; system of 14 Credit - 4
Mechanics of particles; constrained motion – types of
point particles- constraints; concept of degrees of freedom;
the Lagrangian generalised coordinates and velocities;
approach principle of virtual work and D’Alembert’s
principle and associated problems; Lagrange’s
(Euler-Lagrange, EL) equation; physical
problems (construction of EL equations only)
– simple and compound pendulums, two
vibrating particles of equal mass attached to
springs, Lagrange’s equations for a particle in
spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems,
falling body in uniform gravitational field.
Unit– II: Generalised momenta; Legendre 6
Mechanics of transformation; Hamilton’s canonical
point particles – equations; Hamiltonian from the Lagrangian;
the Hamiltonian conservation of energy and momentum;
approach physical problems – Hamiltonian for simple
pendulum, particle moving in central force
field (gravitational potential).
Unit –III: Minimum of potential energy and concept of 5
Small oscillation stable equilibrium; expansion of potential
energy around a minimum; kinetic and
potential energy matrices; equation of motion
of small oscillation.
Unit–IV: Inadequacy of Galilean transformation; 15
Special theory postulates of special relativity; Lorentz
of relativity transformation; simultaneity and order of
events; length contraction and time dilation;
relativistic addition of velocities; variation of
mass with velocity and mass-energy
equivalence. Lorentz transformation as a
rotation in spacetime; relation between proper
time and coordinate time; relativistic
kinematics: energy-momentum relation.

14
 Unit–V: Fluid Definition of a fluid; idea fluids; density and 5
dynamics pressure of a fluid; velocity of a fluid element
and its time derivative; mass conservation and
equation of continuity; incompressible fluid;
Euler’s equation of fluid dynamics;
Navier-Stokes equation (introduction only).

Reading list

(1) Classical Mechanics, H. Goldstein, C.P. Poole and J.L. Safko (Pearson Education)
(2) Theoretical Mechanics, M. R. Spiegel (McGraw Hill Book Company)
(3) Classical Mechanics, P.S. Joag and N.C Rana (McGraw Hill Book Company)
(4) Mathematical Physics, B. S. Rajput (Pragati Prakashan)
(5) Classical Mechanics, T.W.B. Kibble and F.H. Berkshire (Imperial College Press)
(6) Mechanics: Courses in Theoretical Physics (Vol. 1), L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz
(Butterworth-Heinemann) (3rd Edn.)
(7) Classical Mechanics: With introduction to non-linear oscillations and chaos, V.B.
Bhatia (Narosa Publishing House)

Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

The basic objectives of the course are

 to introduce the laws of classical dynamics
 to train students in solving problems of motion of particles, systems of particles
and fluids and
 to introduce relativity and hence the idea of how space and time play role in
dynamics of matter.

ii. Learning outcome

On successful completion of the course students will be able to apply the laws of classical
dynamics to physical problems of motion of particles, systems of particles and fluids in various
fields of physics and natural science as a whole. They will also get the exposure of the idea of
how space and time play role in dynamics of matter.

Theory Credit: 04 (Four)

Practical Credit: 0 (Zero)

No. of Required Classes: 60 (45 Theory; 15 Tutorials)

No. of Contact Classes: 60

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No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Dr. Sanjeev Kalita, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Samrat Dey, Pragjyotish College, [email protected]
3) Dr. Mausumi Bhuyan, Rangiya College, [email protected]

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 Subject: Physics
Semester: Four
Course Name: Quantum Mechanics I
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Maths and Physics
Course Level: PHY252
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Theory
Failure of classical theories, Explanation of 3 Credit - 3
Unit I: Black body radiation, Photoelectric effect,
Origin of Compton effect, different evidences in support
Quantum of quantum theory, particle nature of radiation,
Theory Bohr’s correspondence principle.
Unit– II: Dynamical variables as operators, definition of 10
Dynamical an operator, different types of operators and
Variables as their properties, position, energy and
Operators and momentum operator; commutation relations;
Uncertainty introduction to Hilbert space, Dirac notation,
Principle eigenvalue and eigenfunctions; expectation
value of an operator e.g. position, momentum
operator etc, orthonormality condition,
Ehrenfest’s theorem.
Simultaneous measurement and uncertainty
principle; general statement of Heisenberg’s
uncertainty principle(for any two non
commutating operators), different uncertainty
relations involving canonical pair of variables;
particle trajectory and fuzziness, applications
of the position momentum uncertainty
principle, application of energy time
uncertainty principle to virtual particles and
range of an interaction.
Unit –III: Wave particle duality and de Broglie 8
Matter Wave wavelength, particle as a wave or matter wave,
and Wave- wave description of particles by wave packets;
Particle Duality phase and group velocity, wave function, wave
amplitude, probability; Experimental
verification of matter wave, Davisson and
Germer experiment; linearity and
superposition principle, two slit experiments
with electrons and photons; Uncertainty

17
 principle from wave packet description,
Gaussian wave packet and its wave function.
Unit–IV: Time dependent Schrödinger Equation, Time 24
Schrödinger independent Schrödinger Equation; Physical
Equation and interpretation and properties of wave function,
it’s applications continuity of a wave function, boundary
conditions and emergence of discrete and
continuous energy levels; probabilities and
normalisation in three and one dimension;
equation of continuity, current density in both
three and one dimension.

Hamiltonian, stationary states and energy

eigenvalues; expansion of an arbitrary wave
function as a linear combination of energy
eigenfunctions; General solution of the time
dependent Schrödinger equation in terms of
linear combinations of stationary states,
discrete and continuous spectrum, wave
function of a free particle, spread of Gaussian
wave function in one dimension, Fourier
transforms and momentum space wave
function.

Applications of Time independent Schrödinger

Equation in different problems like : (i) particle
in a one dimensional infinite potential well
(quantum dot as an example) (ii) particle in a
one dimensional finite square potential well
(iii) barrier penetration problems – potential
step and rectangular potential barrier (tunnel
effect) (iv) linear harmonic oscillator (v)
spherically symmetric potential for hydrogen
atom- radial solution, spherical harmonics,
angular momentum operator and different
quantum numbers, radial distribution function
and shapes of the probability densities for
ground & first excited states; degeneracy of
states : s, p, d states.
Laboratory

At least four from the following: Credit-1

1. Measurement of Planck’s constant using
black body radiation and photo-detector.

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 2. Photo-electric effect: Photo current versus
intensity and wavelength of light; maximum
energy of photo-electrons versus frequency of
light.
3. To determine work function of material of
filament of directly heated vacuum diode.
4. To determine the Planck’s constant using
LEDs of at least 4 different colours.
5. To determine the wavelength of Hα emission
line of hydrogen atom.
6. To determine the ionisation potential of
mercury.
7. To determine the absorption lines in the
rotational spectrum of iodine vapour.
8. To determine the value of e/m by (a)
magnetic focusing or (b) bar magnet.
9. To setup the Millikan’s oil drop apparatus
and determine the charge of an electron.
10. To show the tunnelling effect in tunnel
diode using I-V characteristics.
11. To determine the wavelength of laser
source using diffraction from single slit.
12. To determine the wavelength of laser
source using diffraction from double slits.
13. To determine (1) wavelength and (2)
angular spread of He-Ne laser using plane
diffraction grating.

Reading list

1. N. Zettili, Quantum Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons (2001).

2. J. J. Sakurai and J. Napolitano, Modern Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge Univ.
Press, 2020.
3. Y. R.Waghmare, Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics, Wheeler publishing
(2014).
19
 4. P. A. M. Dirac, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Oxford University Press (1981).
5. B. H. Bransden and C. J. Joachain, Quantum Mechanics, Pearson Education 2nd
Ed. (2004).
6. K. Gottfried and T-M Yan, Quantum Mechanics: Fundamentals,2nd Ed., Springer
(2003).
7. R. Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Springer (India) (2008).
8. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Pearson Education (2005).
9. L. Schiff, Quantum Mechanics, Mcgraw-Hill (1968).
10. A. K. Ghatak and S. Lokanathan, Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Applications,
Springer (2002).
11. A. Bieser, Concepts of Modern Physics, McGraw Hill (2002).
12. Arno Bohm, Quantum Mechanics: Foundations and Applications, 3 rd Edition,
Springer (1993).
13. H. C. Verma, Quantum Mechanics, TBS publications (2019).
14. P M Mathews and K. Venkatesan, A Text book of Quantum Mechanics, 2nd
Edition, McGraw Hill (2010).

Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

 To learn about the inadequacies of classical mechanics, the origin and need of
quantum mechanics, historical developments in quantum mechanics.
 Dual nature of radiation & matter, description of matter wave through wave packet.
 Probabilistic nature and wave function, Schrödinger equation, the uncertainty
principle, stationary and non-stationary states.
 Applications of Schrödinger equation in different cases like infinite and finite
potential well, tunneling effect, linear harmonic oscillator and H-atom.
 Formulation of quantum mechanics in terms of operators.

ii. Learning outcome

On successful completion of the course students will be able to learn physical and
mathematical fundamentals of Quantum physics, and various topics in it. These concepts are
used in various branches of physics, like condensed matter physics, lasers, quantum statistics,
atomic and molecular physics, particle physics, astrophysics and optics etc.

Theory Credit: 03 (Three)

Practical Credit: 01 (One)

No. of Required Classes: 45

No. of Contact Classes: 45

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

20
Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Prof Kalpana Bora, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Bhaskar Jyoti Hazarika, Pandu College, [email protected]
3) Dr Arup Jyoti Choudhury, Guwahati College, [email protected]

21
 Subject: Physics
Semester: Four
Course Name: Analog Electronics
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Physics
Course Level: PHY253
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Theory
Unit I: P and N type semiconductors. Energy Level 7 Credit - 3
Semiconductor Diagram. Conductivity and Mobility, Concept of
Diodes Drift velocity. PN Junction Fabrication (Simple
Idea). Barrier Formation in PN Junction Diode.
Static and Dynamic Resistance. Current Flow
Mechanism in Forward and Reverse Biased
Diode. Drift Velocity. Derivation for Barrier
Potential, Barrier Width, and Current for Step
Junction.
Unit II: Two- Rectifier Diode: Half- wave Rectifiers. Centre- 5
terminal tapped and Bridge type Full-wave Rectifiers.
Devices and Calculation of Ripple Factor and Rectification
their Efficiency. C-filter. Zener Diode and Voltage
Applications Regulation. Power supply without filter circuit
and with C-filter circuit. Principle LEDs,
Photodiode, and Solar Cell (Basic concept).
Unit III: n-p-n and p-n-p Transistors. Characteristics of 5
Bipolar CB, CE, and CC Configurations. Current gains α
Junction and β. Relations between α and β. Load line
Transistors analysis of Transistors. DC Load line and Q-
point. Physical Mechanism of Current Flow.
Active, Cut-off, and Saturation Regions.
Unit IV: Transistor Biasing and Stabilization Circuits. 7
Amplifiers Fixed Bias and Voltage Divider Bias. Transistor
as a 2-port Network. h-parameter. Equivalent
Circuit. Analysis of a single-stage CE amplifier
using Hybrid Model. Input and Output
Impedance. Current, Voltage, and Power Gains.
Classification of Class A, B & C Amplifiers.
Differential amplifiers.
Unit V: Two-stage RC-coupled amplifier and its 2
Coupled frequency response.
Amplifier

22
Unit VI: Effects of Positive and Negative Feedback on 4
Feedback in Input Impedance. Output Impedance. Gain.
Amplifiers Stability. Distortion and Noise

Unit VII: Barkhausen’s Criterion for self-sustained 5

Sinusoidal oscillations. RC Phase shift oscillator.
Oscillators Determination of Frequency. Colpitt’s oscillator.

Unit VIII: Characteristics of an Ideal and Practical Op-Amp 3

Operational (IC 741). Open-loop and Closed-loop Gain.
Amplifiers Frequency Response. CMRR. Slew Rate and
(Black Box Concept of Virtual Ground.
approach)

Unit IX: Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers. Adder. 4

Applications Subtractor. Differentiator. Integrator. Log and
of Op-Amps Anti Log amplifier. Zero crossing detector. Wein
bridge oscillator. Comparator.

Unit X: Block Diagram of CRO. Electron Gun, Deflection 3

Introduction to System, and Time Base. Deflection Sensitivity.
CRO Applications of CRO: (1) Study of Waveform, (2)
(Lectures 03) Measurement of Voltage, Current, Frequency,
and Phase Difference.

Laboratory

At least four from the following: Credit-1

1. To study V-I characteristics of PN
junction diode, and light emitting diode.
2. To study the V-I characteristics of a
Zener diode and its use as a voltage
regulator.
3. Study of V-I and power curves of solar
cells, and find maximum power point and
efficiency.
4. To study the characteristics of a Bipolar
Junction Transistor in CE configuration.
5. To study the various biasing
configurations of BJT for normal Class A
operation.
6. To design a CE transistor amplifier of a
given gain (mid-gain) using voltage
divider bias.

23
7. To study the frequency response of
voltage gain of an RC-coupled transistor
amplifier.
8. Using an Op-amp, design a Wien bridge
oscillator for a given frequency.
9. To design a phase shift oscillator of given
specifications using BJT.
10. To design and study Colpitt’s oscillator.
11. To design an inverting amplifier using
Op-amp for the DC voltage of a given
gain.
12. To design inverting amplifier using Op-
amp and study its frequency response.
13. To design a non-inverting amplifier using
Op-amp and study its frequency
response.
14. To study the zero-crossing detector and
comparator.
15. To add two DC voltages using Op-amp in
inverting and non-inverting modes.
16. To design a precision Differential
amplifier of given I/O specification using
Op-amp.
17. To investigate the use of an Op-amp as
an Integrator.
18. To investigate the use of an Op-amp as a
Differentiator.
19. To measure (a) Voltage, and (b) Time
period of a periodic waveform using
CRO. Construct a series LR circuit.
Display the two waveforms on the CRO
and measure the phase differences
between the voltages across R and L.

20. To test a Diode and Transistor using a

Multimeter. Draw the forward bias
characteristic of the diode. Using only the
base-emitter junction of the transistor
draw a characteristic curve and show that
it behaves as a forward-biased diode.

24
 Note: All students will have to do an
electronic project on the circuits, for example,
the power supply, the AM detector, etc. to get
acquainted.

Reading list

1. Integrated Electronics, J. Millman and C. C. Halkias, 1991, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.

2. Electronics: Fundamentals and Applications, J. D. Ryder, 2004, Prentice Hall.
3. Solid State Electronic Devices, B. G. Streetman & S. K. Banerjee, 6th Edn.,2009, PHI
Learning
4. Electronic Devices & circuits, S. Salivahanan & N. S. Kumar, 3rd Ed., 2012, Tata
Mc-Graw Hill
5. OP-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuit, R. A. Gayakwad, 4th edition, 2000, Prentice
Hall
6. Microelectronic circuits, A. S. Sedra, K.C. Smith, A. N. Chandorkar, 2014, 6th Edn.,
Oxford University Press.
7. Electronic circuits: Handbook of design & applications, U. Tietze, C. Schenk,2008,
Springer
8. Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology, S. M. Sze, 2nd Ed., 2002, Wiley
India
9. Microelectronic Circuits, M. H. Rashid, 2nd Edition, Cengage Learning
10. Electronic Devices, 7/e Thomas L. Floyd, 2008, Pearson India
11. Electronics Fundamentals and Applications, D. Chattopadhyay and P. C. Rakshit,
17th Ed, 2023, New Age International Publishers

Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

 To introduce students to analog electronics with hands-on practice on

implementing some of these in hardware.
 To make the students understand the physics of semiconductor p-n junction and
application in devices like diodes, rectifiers, etc.
 To understand the working of bipolar junction transistors, biasing, stabilization
circuits, and various applications like amplifiers, oscillators, etc. together with
feedback.
 To know the basics of Operational Amplifiers and applications.

25
  To understand the basics of the use of CRO in measurements with hands-on
experience with some applications

ii. Learning outcome

On successful completion of the course, students will be able to understand the physics of
semiconductor p-n junction and devices such as rectifier diodes, Zener diode, photodiode, etc.;
they will understand the basics of bipolar junction transistors, transistor biasing, and
stabilization circuits; the concept of feedback in amplifiers and the oscillator circuits. Students
will also have an understanding of operational amplifiers and their applications.

Theory Credit: 03 (Three)

Practical Credit: 01 (One)

No. of Required Classes: 45

No. of Contact Classes: 45

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Prof. Banty Tiru, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Shakeel Zaman, Handique Girls College, [email protected]
3) Dr. Sumanta Borthakur, B. Borooah College, [email protected]

26
 Subject: Physics
Semester: Four
Course Name: Mathematical Physics
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Mathematics
Course Level: PHY254
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Theory
Unit I: Solutions to partial differential equations, using 10 Credit - 3
Partial separation of variables: Laplace’s Equation in
Differential problems of rectangular, cylindrical and spherical
Equations symmetry. Wave equation and its solution for
vibrational modes of a stretched string, rectangular
and circular membranes.
Unit II: Periodic functions. Orthogonality of sine and 7
Fourier cosine functions, Dirichlet Conditions (Statement
Series only). Expansion of periodic functions in a series
of sine and cosine functions and determination of
Fourier coefficients. Complex representation of
Fourier series. Application to square and triangular
waves.
Unit III: Functions of Complex Variables. Analyticity and 17
Complex Cauchy-Riemann Conditions. Examples of analytic
Analysis functions. Singular functions: poles and branch
points, order of singularity. Integration of functions
with complex variable. Cauchy’s Integral theorem
and Cauchy’s Integral formula. Simply and
multiply connected regions. Laurent and Taylor’s
series expansions. Residue Theorem with
application.
Unit IV: Introduction to tensor, Transformation of co- 6
Tensor ordinates, Einstein’s summation convention.
Algebra Contravariant, covariant and mixed tensors.
Symmetric and antisymmetric tensors, Kronecker
delta, LeviCivita tensor. Quotient law of tensors.
Rules of combination of tensors: addition,
subtraction, outer multiplication, contraction and
inner multiplication.

Unit V: Independent random variables: Probability 5

Introduction distribution functions; binomial, Gaussian and
to Poisson, with examples. Mean and variance.
Probability
Laboratory

27
At least four from the following: Credit-1
1. Solve the differential equations
= 𝑒 with 𝑦 = 0 for 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
+𝑒 𝑦 =𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+2 = −𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+𝑒 = −𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2. Perform the multiplication of two 3 × 3

matrices.
3. Compute the eigenvalues and eigenvectors
of the following matrices.
4 3 7 1 −𝑖 3 + 4𝑖
1 2 7, 𝑖 2 4 ,
2 0 4 3 − 4𝑖 4 3
2 −𝑖 2𝑖
𝑖 4 3
−2𝑖 3 5
4. Using random number compute the areas
of circle, square, volume of sphere and
value of pi (𝜋).
5. Evaluate trigonometric functions e.g. sinθ;
cosθ; tanθ etc. using Interpolation by
Newton Gregory Forward and Backward
difference formula.
6. Find the solution of Partial Differential
Equations: (a) Wave equation (b) Heat
equation.
7. Evaluate the integral I,where,
( )
𝐼= ∫ 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥 for
√
𝜎 = 1.0, 0.1, 0.01 and show that 𝐼 → 5
8. Compute the nth roots of unity for n = 2, 3,
and 4.
9. Find the two square roots of 5 + 12i.

28
Reading list

1. Mathematical Physics; H K Dass and R Verma, S Chand and Company limited.

2. Mathematical methods for Physics and Engineering; K. F Riley, M. P Hobson, S.J
Bence, Cambridge University Press.
3. Graduate Mathematical Physics (With Mathematica Supplement); J J Kelly, Willey-
VCH VerlagGmbH and Co. KGaA.
4. Mathematical Methods for Physicists; G. B. Arfken, H. J. Weber and F.E. Harris,
Elsevier.
5. Ordinary and Partial Differential equations; M. D Raisinghania, S. Chand and
Company Ltd.
6. Complex Variables; M R Spiegel,S Lipschutz, J J Schiller and D Spellman, Schaum’s
Outline Series, McGraw Hill Education.
7. Complex variables Demystified (A self-teaching guide); D McMahan, McGraw Hill
Education.
8. A Student’s Guide to vectors and Tensors; D A Fleisch, Cambridge University Press.
9. Vector analysis and an introduction to Tensor analysis; S Lipschutz, D Spellman, M R
Spiegel, Schaum’s Outline Series, McGraw Hill Education.
10. Tensors and applications with Scilab Programs; N D Soni, I.K International
Publishing House Pvt. Limited.
11. Probability and Statistics; M R Spiegel, J J Schiller and R A Srinivasan, Schaum’s
Outline Series, McGraw Hill Education.

Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

 To solve partial differential equations using separation of variables, including

Laplace’s equation and the wave equation.
 To apply Fourier series expansion to represent periodic functions using sine and
cosine functions.
 To understand complex analysis principles, including analytic functions, integration
and residue theorem.
 To develop proficiency in tensor algebra, covering transformations, contravariant
and covariant tensors and tensor algebra.
 To gain a preliminary knowledge to probability theory, focusing on independent
random variables, probability distributions, and mean and variance calculations.

ii. Learning outcome

On successful completion of the course, the students will be equipped with the techniques
related to solving partial differential equations using separation of variables method,
application of Fourier series analysis, solving complex integrations, dealing with tensors and
probability distributions which are relevant while dealing with wave mechanics,
electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, theory of relativity and experimental physics.

29
Theory Credit: 03 (Three)

Practical Credit: 01 (One)

No. of Required Classes: 45

No. of Contact Classes: 45

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Dr. Subhankar Roy, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Abhijit Das, Gauhati University, [email protected]
3) Dr. Chabin Thakuria, Tihu College, [email protected]

30
 Subject: Physics
Semester: Five
Course Name: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Physics and/ or Chemistry
Course Level: PHY-301
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Theory
Unit I: Atom The Bohr model of the hydrogen-like atom, 20 Credit - 4
Model: Sommerfeld Relativistic Atom Model: Elliptical
orbits, explanation of fine structure of H alpha line
in Balmer series of hydrogen atom. Limitation of
Sommerfeld atom model.
Orbital magnetic dipole moment: Bohr Magneton,
Gyromagnetic Ratio, Larmor precession, Space
Quantization, Electron Spin, quantum numbers
associated with vector atom model, spin-orbit
interaction, Coupling Schemes: L-S Coupling and
j-j Coupling, Spectroscopic term and their notation,
Stern-Gerlach experiment and its conclusion.
Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect.
Paschen Back and Stark Effect (Qualitative
Discussion only).

Unit II: X- Ionizing Power, X-ray Diffraction, Bragg’s Law, 8

rays: X-ray Spectra: Continuous and characteristic X-
rays Mosley's law, Compton effect.

Unit III: Hund’s rule, Periodic table: Pauli's exclusion 10

Multi principle, explanation of the periodic classification
electron of the elements, Building up or Aufbau Principle,
atoms: Broad features of Alkali atom (Na etc.) spectra and
its explanation
Unit IV: Rotational Energy levels, Selection Rules and Pure 15
Molecular Rotational Spectra of a diatomic Molecule.
Spectra Vibrational Energy Levels, Selection Rules and
Vibration Spectra of a diatomic Molecule.
Rotation-Vibration Energy Levels, Selection Rules
and Rotation-Vibration Spectra. Determination of
Internuclear Distance.
Unit V: Quantum Theory of Raman Effect. Characteristics 7
Raman of Raman Lines. Stoke’s and Anti-Stoke’s Lines.
Effect Complimentary Character of Raman and infrared
Spectra.

31
Reading list

1. Introduction to Atomic spectra, H. E. White, Tata McGraw Hill (1934)

2. Atomic and Molecular Spectra, Raj Kumar
3. Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser (McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1987)
4. Atomic physics, J. B. Rajam & foreword by Louis De Broglie (S. Chand & Co., 2007)
5. Physics of Atoms and Molecules, B. H. Bransden and C. J. Joachein.
Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, C. N. Banwell and E. M. McCash

Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

 To learn the development of atom models.

 To learn the origin of atomic spectra and their modifications under different physical
conditions.
 To learn the basics of molecular spectra for diatomic molecule and a few
applications.

ii. Learning outcome

Students will be ability to describe the atomic spectra of one and two valance electron atoms
and will also understand the change in behavior of atoms and corresponding modification of
their spectra in external applied electric and magnetic field. They will understand the basic
principle of pure rotational, vibrational, Rotation-Vibration and Raman spectra of molecules
and their few applications.

Theory Credit: 04 (Four)

Practical Credit: 0 (Zero)

No. of Required Classes: 60

No. of Contact Classes: 60

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Dr. Simanta Hazarika, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Hemen Kakati, Nalbari College, [email protected]
3) Dr. Arup Jyoti Choudhury, Guwahati College, [email protected]

32
 Subject: Physics
Semester: Five
Course Name: Condensed Matter Physics
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics
Course Level: PHY302
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Theory
Unit I: Crystal Amorphous, crystalline and 9 Credit - 3
Structure and polycrystalline materials, lattice
Bonding in solids translation vectors, unit cell, types of
crystal lattice, Bravais Lattice, Miller
Indices, inter planer spacing.
Ionic, covalent, metallic, van-der-
Waal and hydrogen bondings,
cohesive energy of ionic crystal,
Madelung constant.

Unit II: Basic idea of lattice vibration and 4

Elementary Lattice phonon. Dulong and Petit’s Law.
Dynamics Einstein and Debye theories of
specific heat of solids, T3 law.

Unit III: Polarization. local electric field at an 10

Dielectric and Atom, depolarization field, electric
Ferroelectric susceptibility, polarizability.
Properties of Clausius Mosotti equation, classical
Materials theory of electric polarizability,
normal and anomalous dispersion,
Cauchy and Sellmeir relations,
Langevin-Debye equation.
Piezoelectric effect, pyroelectric
effect, ferroelectric effect,
electrostrictive effect, Curie-Weiss
Law.

Unit IV: Free electron theory of metals, 9

Transport electrical and thermal conductivity
properties of of metals, Wiedemann-Franz law,
materials drawback of classical theory and
modification with quantum theory,
preliminary idea of band theory,
band gap, conductor, semiconductor
(p and n type) and insulator,

33
 conductivity of semiconductor,
mobility, measurement of
conductivity (2-probe & 4-probe
resistivity measurement method),
Hall Effect (Qualitative idea).

Unit V: Basic idea about nanomaterials, thin 3

Nanophysics and film physics and soft matter.
soft matter
Unit VI: Dia, para, ferri, ferro and anti 7
Magnetic ferromagnetic materials, classical
Properties of Langevin Theory of dia and
Matter paramagnetism, Curie’s law,
Weiss’ theory of ferromagnetic
domains, discussion of B − H
Curve, hysteresis and energy Loss.

Unit VII: Basic idea of superconductivity, 3

Superconductivity critical temperature, critical
magnetic field, Meissner effect.
Type I and type II Super-
conductors, isotope effect.
Laboratory

At least four from the following: Credit-1

1. Indexing of powder X-Ray
diffraction data of cubic crystalline
materials and determination of
lattice parameters including inter
planner spacing (XRD data needs
to arrange by the department).
2. Measurement of susceptibility of
a paramagnetic solution
(Quinck’s Tube Method).
3. To measure the magnetic
susceptibility of solids.
4. To determine the Coupling
Coefficient of a piezoelectric
crystal.
5. To measure the Dielectric
Constant of a dielectric materials
with frequency.
6. To study the P-E Hysteresis loop
of a Ferroelectric Crystal.
7. To draw the B − H curve of Fe

34
 using Solenoid & determine
energy loss from Hysteresis.
8. To measure the variation of
resistivity of a semiconductor
with temperature by four-
probe method and to
determine its band gap.
9. To determine the Hall coefficient
of a semiconductor sample.

Reading list

1. Introduction to Solid State Physics, C Kittel

2. Lattice Dynamics, A K Ghatak and L S Kothari
3. Solid State Physics, A J Dekker.
4. Introductory Solid State Physics, H P Myers.
5. Solid State Physics, N W Ashcroft and N D Mermin
6. Magnetism in solids, D H Martin
7. Physics of Magnetism, S Chikazumi.
8. Solid State Physics, S O Pillai
9. Introduction to Nanotechnology, C. P. Poole, J. F. J. Owens

Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

 To provide the elementary idea about crystal structure, bonding and lattice dynamics
in solids.
 To make the students understand the concepts of transport properties, dielectric
properties, ferroelectric properties and magnetic properties in solids.
 To familiarise the students with nanomaterials, thin film, soft matter and
superconductivity.

ii. Learning outcome

On successful completion of the course students will be able to acquire the basic
knowledge of crystal structure, bonding in solids and elementary idea lattice dynamics of
materials, dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of solids, the physics of

35
electrons in solids, basic idea about nanomaterials, thin film and soft matter and understand
the basic concept in superconductivity.

Theory Credit: 03 (Three)

Practical Credit: 01 (One)

No. of Required Classes: 45

No. of Contact Classes: 45

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Dr. Sulochana Deb, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Lavita Sharma Jagiroad College, [email protected]
3) Dr. Shyamolima, Darrang College, [email protected]

36
 Subject: Physics
Semester: Five
Course Name: Heat and Thermodynamics
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Physics, Chemistry.
Course Level: PHY303
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Theory
Unit I: Maxwell-Boltzmann Law of Distribution 9 Credit - 3
Distribution of of Velocities in an Ideal Gas and its
Velocities and Experimental Verification. Mean, RMS
Molecular and Most Probable Speeds. Degrees of
Collisions Freedom. Law of Equipartition of
Energy (No proof required).
Mean Free Path. Collision Probability.
Transport Phenomenon in Ideal Gases:
(1) Viscosity, and (2) Thermal
Conductivity. Brownian Motion
(qualitative idea only).

Unit II: Real Gases Behavior of Real Gases: Deviations from 8

the Ideal Gas Equation. The Virial
Equation. Andrew’s Experiments on
CO2 Gas. Critical Constants. Continuity
of Liquid and Gaseous State. Vapor and
Gas. Boyle Temperature. Van der Waal’s
Equation of State for Real Gases. Values
of Critical Constants. Law of
Corresponding States. Comparison with
Experimental Curves. Joule- Thomson
Porous Plug Experiment. Joule- Thomson
Effect, Joule-Kelvin coefficient for
Ideal and Van der Waal Gases.
Temperature of Inversion.

Unit III: Thermodynamic preliminaries: Extensive 16

Principles of and intensive properties, Thermodynamic
Thermodynamics Variables, Thermodynamic Equilibrium,
P-V indicator diagram. Work done in
terms of P and V, Zeroth Law of
Thermodynamics & Concept of
Temperature, Internal energy and First
Law of Thermodynamics, Applications

37
 of First Law: General Relation between
CP and CV.
Reversible and Irreversible process with
examples. Heat & work, state function,
Conversion of heat into work and vice
versa, Work Done during Isothermal and
Adiabatic Processes, Heat Engines, 2nd
Law of Thermodynamics: Kelvin-Planck
and Clausius Statements and their
Equivalence, Carnot’s Cycle, Carnot
engine & efficiency. Refrigerator &
coefficient of performance, Carnot’s
Theorem. Applications of Second Law of
Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic
Scale of Temperature and its
Equivalence to Perfect Gas Scale.

Unit IV: Entropy Concept of Entropy, Clausius Theorem. 6

Clausius Inequality, Second Law of
Thermodynamics in terms of Entropy.
Entropy of a perfect gas. Entropy
Changes in Reversible and Irreversible
processes with examples. Entropy of the
Universe. Entropy Changes in
Reversible and Irreversible Processes.
Principle of Increase of Entropy.
Temperature–Entropy diagrams for
Carnot’s Cycle. Third Law of
Thermodynamics.

Unit V: Thermodynamic Potentials: Internal 6

Thermodynamic Energy, Enthalpy, Helmholtz Free
Potentials and Energy, Gibb’s Free Energy, Surface
Thermodynamic Films and Variation of Surface
Relations Tension with Temperature,
(Lectures 06) Derivations and applications of
Maxwell’s Relations, Maxwell’s
Relations:(1) Clausius Clapeyron
equation, (2) Values of Cp-Cv, (3)
TdS Equations, (4) Energy equations,
(5) Change of Temperature during
Adiabatic Process.
Laboratory

At least four from the following: Credit-1

1. To determine mechanical equivalent of
heat, J, by Callender and Barne’s constant
flow method
2. To determine the mechanical equivalent

38
 of heat, J using calorimeter
3. To determine specific heat of a liquid
using calorimeter
4. To determine the coefficient of thermal
conductivity of Cu by Searle’s Apparatus.
5. To determine the coefficient of thermal
conductivity of an insulator by Lee and
Charlton’s disc method.
6. To determine the temperature coefficient
of resistance by Platinum Resistance
Thermometer (PRT).
7. To study the variation of thermo-emf of a
thermocouple with difference of
temperature of its two junctions.
8. To determine the change of entropy of
universe for an AC circuit consists of a
thermally insulated resistor.
9. To calibrate a thermocouple to measure
temperature in a specified range using (1)
Null method, (2) Direct measurement
using OPAMP and to determine neutral
temperature.

Reading list

1. Heat and Thermodynamics, M. Zemansky, R. Dittman, McGraw-Hill Education,

2017.
2. A Treatise on Heat, Meghnad Saha and B. N. Srivastava, Indian Press, 1973.
3. Thermal Physics: Kinetic Theory, Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, S. C.
Garg, R. M. Bansal and C . K . Ghosh, Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt Ltd,
2013.
4. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, F. W. Sears & G.
L. Salinger, Narosa Publishing House, 1998.
5. Thermal and Statistical Physics, R. B. Singh, New Academic Science, 2011.
6. Theory and Experiment on Thermal physics, P K. Chakrabarti, New Central Book
Agency (P) Ltd, 2011.

Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

 To understand principles of thermodynamics

 To provide concepts of thermodynamic functions
 To address the basic framework of kinetic theory of gases

39
ii. Learning outcome

Upon completion of this course, students will be able to learn thermal properties of gas
molecules and their collisions. With this course, students will acquire knowledge of
thermodynamics with practical insights into thermal physics, which will help them to
understand real world situations.

Theory Credit: 03 (Three)

Practical Credit: 01 (One)

No. of Required Classes: 45

No. of Contact Classes: 45

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Dr. Bimal Kumar Sarma, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Krishna Kingkar Pathak , Arya Bidyapeeth College, [email protected]
3) Dr. Diganta Sarma, B. Borooah College, [email protected]

40
 Subject: Physics
Semester: Five
Course Name: Electromagnetic Theory
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics
Course Level: PHY304
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Theory
Unit I: Maxwell’s Maxwell’s equations, Displacement 9 Credit - 3
equations Current, Vector and Scaler Potentials,
Gauge Transformations: Coulomb and
Lorentz Gauge, Boundary Conditions at
Interface between Different Media,
Poynting Theorem and Poynting Vector.
Unit II: EM Wave Plane EM Waves through Vacuum and 9
Propagation in Isotropic Dielectric Medium, Transverse
Unbounded Media Nature of Plane EM Waves, Refractive
Index and Dielectric Constant,
Propagation though Conducting Media,
Relaxation Time, Skin Depth. Wave
Propagation through Dilute Plasma (Basic
Concepts).
Unit III: EM Reflection and Refraction of Plane EM 9
wave in Bounded Waves at Plane Interface between two
Media Dielectric Media – Laws of Reflection and
Refraction, Fresnel’s Formula for
Perpendicular Polarization Case,
Brewster’s Law, Reflection and
Transmission Co-efficient, Waveguides:
Basic Concepts and Propagation of EM
Waves in a Rectangular Waveguide.
Unit IV: Description of Linear, Circular and 11
Polarization of Elliptical Polarization, Propagation of EM
Electromagnetic Waves in Anisotropic Media, Symmetric
Waves Nature of Dielectric Tensor, Fresnel’s
Formula, Uniaxial and Biaxial Crystals,
Light Propagation in Uniaxial Crystal,
Double Refraction, Polarization by Double
Refraction, Nicol Prism; Ordinary &
Extraordinary Refractive Indices,
Production & Detection of Plane,
Circularly and Elliptically Polarized Light;
Phase Retardation Plates: Quarter-Wave
and Half-Wave Plates, Babinet

41
 Compensator and its Uses, Analysis of
Polarized Light.
Unit V: Rotary Optical Rotation. Biot’s Laws for Rotatory 4
Polarization Polarization, Fresnel’s Theory of Optical
Rotation, Calculation of Angle of Rotation,
Experimental Verification of Fresnel’s
Theory, Specific rotation, Laurent’s Half-
shade Polarimeter.
Unit VI: Optical Numerical Aperture, Step and Graded 3
Fibres Indices (Definitions Only), Single and
Multiple Mode Fibres (Concept and
Definition Only)
Laboratory
At least four from the following: Credit-1
1. To verify the law of Malus for plane
polarised light.
2. To determine the specific rotation of
sugar solution using Polarimeter.
3. To analyze elliptically polarised light by
using Babinet’s compensator.
4. To study dependence of radiation on
angle for a simple Dipole antenna.
5. To determine the wavelength and
velocity of ultrasonic waves in a liquid
(Kerosene Oil, Xylene etc.) by studying
the diffraction through ultrasonic
grating.
6. To study the reflection and refraction of
microwaves.
7. To study polarization and double slit
interference in microwaves.
8. To determine the refractive index of
liquid by total internal reflection using
Wollaston’s air-film.
9. To determine the refractive index of (1)
glass and (2) a liquid by total internal
reflection using a Gaussian eyepiece.
10. To study the polarisation of light by
reflection and determine the polarizing
angle for air-glass interface.
11. To verify the Stefan’s law of radiation
and to determine Stefan’s constant.
12. To determine the Boltzmann constant
using V-I characteristic of pn junction
diode.

42
Reading list
1. Introduction to Electrodynamics, D. J. Griffiths.
2. Electromagnetics, B. B. Laud, New Age International Publishers.
3. Elements of Electromagnetics, M. N. O. Sadiku, 2001, Oxford University Press.
4. Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory, T. L. Chow, 2006, Jones & Bartlett Learning.
5. Feynman Lectures Vol. 2, R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton, M. Sands, 2008, Pearson
Education.
6. Fundamentals of Electromagnetics, M. A. W. Miah, 1982, Tata McGraw Hill.
7. Electromagnetic Field Theory, R. S. Kshetrimayun, 2012, McGraw Hill.
8. Engineering Electromagnetic, Willian H. Hayt, 2012, McGraw Hill.
9. Electricity and Magnetism [With electromagnetic theory and special theory of relativity],
D. Chattopadhyay and P. C. Rakshit, 2013, New Central Book Agency (P) Limited.

Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

 To lay the foundation of electromagnetism through Maxwell’s equations.

 Behaviour of electromagnetic waves as it propagates through vacuum and other media.
 Various effects that occur as electromagnetic waves propagate from one medium to
another medium.
 Basic concepts of waveguides and fibre optics.
 Various aspects of electromagnetic wave polarisation

ii. Learning outcome

After the successful completion of the course, students will acquire the concepts of Maxwell’s
equations, propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in different homogeneous-isotropic as
well as anisotropic unbounded and bounded media, production and detection of different types
of polarized EM waves, general information of waveguides and fibre optics.

Theory Credit: 03 (Three)

Practical Credit: 01 (One)

No. of Required Classes: 45

No. of Contact Classes: 45

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Dr. Manos Pratim Chakrapani Kalita, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Rudra Kumar Das, Jagiroad College, [email protected]
3) Dr. Arup Deka, Darrang College, [email protected]

43
 Subject: Physics
Semester: Six
Course Name: NUCLEAR & PARTICLE PHYSICS
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics
Course Level: PHY351
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Theory
Unit I: Basic Constituents of a nucleus: proton-electron 8 Credit - 4
Properties of hypothesis -Thompson atom model,
Nuclei failure of proton-electron hypothesis,
discovery of neutrons, Rutherford gold
foil experiment (qualitative) and atom
model- mass, radius, volume, matter
density of nuclei and their units. Binding
energy, binding energy per nucleon,
stability of a nucleus- neutron to proton
ratio, stability line, stability limit against
beta decays.
Unit II: Types of Radioactivity – alpha, beta, and 10
Radioactivity and gamma decay. Laws of radioactive decay,
Radioactive Laws disintegration constant, half-life and
mean life. Activity of a radioactive
source, units of radioactivity.
Alpha decay: range, ionization and
stopping power, range-energy relation,
Geiger-Nuttall law, Fine structure of
alpha energy spectrum.
Beta decays: types of beta decays,
essential conditions of beta decays, beta
ray spectra, end point energy, Pauli’s
neutrino hypothesis.
Gamma decay: origin of gamma
radiation, its property, attenuation of
gamma radiation in matter
Unit III: Nuclear Detectors: Interaction of Radiation with 10
Instrumentation Matter: Energy loss by a charged particle
due to ionization (Bethe- Block formula),
energy loss of electrons, Cerenkov
radiation. Interaction of photon with
matter – Photoelectric effect, Compton
effect, and Pair production.
Gas filled detectors: Ionization chamber,

44
 proportional counter, and GM counter –
construction and working principle.
Charged particle accelerators: Need of
charged particle accelerators, Linear
accelerator (LINAC) – Construction and
working principle.
Unit IV: Fission Energy consideration in Nuclear 10
and Fusion Reaction, Mass defect and Q-value of a
nuclear reaction, Einstein’s mass-energy
equivalence principle and generation of
nuclear energy. Nuclear Fission:
Spontaneous and induced fission –
definition and examples, Fission chain
reactions and nuclear reactor: peaceful
use of fission energy.
Fusion and thermonuclear reactions:
Energy production in stars (brief
qualitative discussions).
Unit V: Classification of elementary particles and 7
Elementary their quantum numbers, conservation laws,
Particles Allowed and forbidden reactions, Types of
interactions – strong, electro-magnetic and
weak interactions.

Reading list
1. Basic ideas and concepts in Nuclear Physics: An introductory approach by K Heyde,
third edition, IOP Publication, 1999. 87
2. Nuclear Physics by S N Ghoshal, First edition, S. Chand Publication, 2010.
3. Introductory Nuclear Physics by K S Krane, Wiley-India Publication, 2008.
4. Nuclear Physics: principles and applications by J Lilley, Wiley Publication, 2006.
5. Radiation detection and measurement, G F Knoll, John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
6. Schaum's Outline of Modern Physics, McGraw-Hill, 1999.
7. Concept of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser, McGraw Hill Education, 2009.
8. Nuclear Radiation Detector by S S Kapoor and V S Ramamurthy , 1st edition, New Age
international publisher.

Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

 basic knowledge about the nucleus and other subatomic particles and their properties.
 knowledge about the radioactive disintegration of a nucleus and the laws of radioactive
decays
 Knowledge on basic nuclear instrumentation and experimental techniques of nuclear
physics.
 Basic knowledge of particle physics.

45
ii. Learning outcome

On successful completion of the course, the students shall be able to understand the structure
and properties of a nucleus. They will also know about the properties of strong nuclear force
that keeps the nuclei bound. They will learn about the radioactive decays and various laws of
radioactive disintegration. Students will have adequate knowledge on the construction and
working principles of particle accelerators and detectors. Moreover, students will be
introduced to the world of particle physics – types and interactions. The acquired knowledge
can be applied in the areas of nuclear medicine, medical physics, archaeology, geology and
other interdisciplinary fields of Physics and Chemistry. It will enhance the special skills
required for these fields.
Theory Credit: 04 (Three)

Practical Credit: 01 (One)

No. of Required Classes: 45

No. of Contact Classes: 45

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Prof. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Mausumi Bhuyan, Rangiya College, [email protected]
3) Dr. Krishna Kingkar Pathak, Arya Vidyapeeth College, [email protected]

46
 Subject: Physics
Semester: Six
Course Name: Digital Electronics
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics
Course Level: PHY352
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Theory
Unit I: Integrated Active & Passive Components. Discrete 3 Credit - 3
Circuits components. Wafer. Chip. Advantages
(qualitative and drawbacks of ICs. The scale of
treatment only) integration: SSI, MSI, LSI, and VLSI
(basic idea and definitions only).
Classification of ICs. Examples of Linear
and Digital ICs.
Unit II: Digital Difference between Analog and Digital 10
Circuits Circuits. Binary Numbers. Decimal to
Binary and Binary to Decimal
Conversion. BCD, Octal, and
Hexadecimal numbers. AND, OR, and
NOT Gates (realization using Diodes and
Transistor). NAND and NOR Gates as
Universal Gates. XOR and XNOR Gates
Unit III: Boolean Unit III: (Lectures 10) De Morgan’s 10
Algebra Theorems. Boolean Laws. Simplification
of Logic Circuit using Boolean Algebra.
Fundamental Products. The idea of
Minterms and Maxterms. Conversion of a
Truth table into Equivalent Logic Circuit
by (1) Sum of Products Method and (2)
Karnaugh Map.
Unit IV: Binary Addition. Binary Subtraction 5
Arithmetic Circuits using 2’s Complement. Half and Full
Adders. Half & Full Subtractors, 4-bit
binary Adder/Subtractor.
Unit V: Timers: Timers: IC 555 (Lectures 03) Block diagram 3
IC 555 and applications: Astable multivibrator and
Monostable multivibrator.
Unit VI: (Lectures 04) SR, D, and JK Flip-Flops. 4
Sequential Circuits Clocked (Level and Edge Triggered) Flip-
Flops. Preset and Clear operations. Race-
around conditions in JK Flip-Flop. M/S JK
Flip-Flop.

47
 Unit VII: Shift Serial-in-Serial-out. Serial-in-Parallel-out. 4
Registers Parallel-in-Serial-out and Parallel-in-
Parallel-out Shift Registers (only up to 4
bits).
Unit VIII: Input/output Devices. Data storage (the idea 6
Computer of RAM and ROM). Computer memory.
Organization Memory organization & addressing.
Laboratory
At least four from the following: Credit 1
1. To design a switch (NOT gate) using (i)
a PNP transistor and (ii) an NPN
transistor.
2. To verify and design AND, OR, NOT,
and XOR gates using NAND gates.
3. To design a combinational logic system
for a specified Truth Table.
4. To convert a Boolean expression into a
logic circuit and design it using logic
gate ICs.
5. To design a Half Adder and Full Adder
6. To design a 4-bit binary Adder.
7. To design Half Subtractor and Full
Subtractor
8. To design Adder-Subtractor using Full
Adder IC.
9. To design an astable multivibrator of
given specifications using 555 Timer.
10. To design a monostable multivibrator of
given specifications using 555 Timer.
11. To build a D flip-flop circuit using
NAND gates.
12. To build a JK flip-flop circuit using
NAND gates.
13. To build JK Master-slave flip-flop using
flip-flop ICs.
14. To make a 4-bit Shift Register (serial and
parallel) using D-type/JK Flip-Flop ICs.
15. To build SR flip-flop circuit using
NAND gates

Reading list
1. Digital Principles and Applications, A. P. Malvino, D. P. Leach and Saha, 7th Ed., 2011,
Tata McGraw
2. Fundamentals of Digital Circuits, Anand Kumar, 2nd Edn, 2009, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
3. Digital Circuits and systems, Venugopal, 2011, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Digital Electronics G. K. Kharate ,2010, Oxford University Press
5. Digital Systems: Principles & Applications, R. J. Tocci, N. S. Widmer, 2001, PHI
Learning

48
6. Logic circuit design, Shimon P. Vingron, 2012, Springer.
7. Digital Electronics, Subrata Ghoshal, 2012, Cengage Learning.
8. Digital Electronics, S. K. Mandal, 2010, 1st edition, McGraw Hill
9. Electronics Fundamentals and Applications, D. Chattopadhyay and P. C. Rakshit, 17th
Ed, 2023, New Age International Publisher
Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

 To introduce the students to the basics of digital electronics and applications with handson
experience in implementing some hardware.
 To help students develop a digital logic and apply it to solve real-life problems
 To analyze, design and implement various combinational and sequential logic circuits
 To classify different semiconductor memories.

ii. Learning outcome

After successful completion of the course student will be able to develop, implement and
analyze digital logic circuits and apply them to solve real-life problems and classify different
semiconductor memories

Theory Credit: 04 (Three)

Practical Credit: 01 (One)

No. of Required Classes: 45

No. of Contact Classes: 45

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Prof. Banty Tiru, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Shakeel Zaman, Handique Girls College, [email protected]
3) Dr. Sumanta Borthakur, B. Borooah College, [email protected]

49
 Subject: Physics
Semester: Six
Course Name: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics
Course Level: PHY353
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Theory
Unit –I: Basic components of the universe – stars, 8 Credit - 4
Fundamentals of planets and galaxies; celestial sphere and
astronomy celestial coordinates system - altitude-
azimuth (Alt-Az) and right ascension-
declination (RA-DEC); Introduction to
constellations through sky observation
and Stellarium; concept of time –
universal time, solar and mean solar time,
sidereal time, local sidereal time, Julian
day; flux and luminosity of celestial
objects; stellar magnitude scale –
apparent and absolute magnitude;
measurement of stellar distances –
trigonometric parallax; introduction to
HIPPARCOS and GAIA.
Unit- II: Telescopes –size and light gathering 7
Astronomical power; resolving power; different types
techniques of optical telescopes (reflecting and
refracting); space telescopes; concept of
virtual observatory; virtual observatory
tools in astronomy – SIMBAD, Aladin;
SDSS, AAVSO, Sky-View; introduction
to photometry; CCD –an introduction;
spectroscopy and polarimetry.
Unit – III: Stellar Star formation from interstellar medium 13
astrophysics (introduction only); properties of stars –
mass, luminosity, radius and effective
surface temperature; mass-luminosity,
mass-radius and luminosity-
radiustemperature relation; variable stars-
cepheids; star clusters – open and
globular, their ages (introduction only).
Gravity and thermodynamics –
hydrostatic equilibrium of stars; virial
theorem; internal temperature and
pressure of stars; spectral classification –

50
 HR diagram; stellar evolution- idea of
nucleosynthesis in main sequence phase-
pp and CNO cycle; evolution of Sun-like
stars off the main sequence -red giants
and white dwarfs- Chandrasekhar mass
limit (introduction only); evolution of
massive stars – neutron stars and black
holes (introduction only).
Unit-IV: The solar (Lectures 5) The Sun; properties of 5
system photosphere, chromospheres and corona;
Formation of the solar system – Kant-
Laplace nebular hypothesis; asteroid belt
and meteorites; Distances and
atmospheres of planets; Pluto and dwarf
planets; comets – Kuiper belt and Oort
cloud; extra-solar planets – transit
method of detection (introduction only).
Unit- V: Galaxies (Lectures 12) The Milky Way-shape, size 12
and cosmology and its components; classification of
galaxies –Hubble’s tuning fork diagram;
types – spirals, elliptical and lenticular;
difference between spirals and ellipticals.
Large scale structure of the universe –
galaxies, clusters, superclusters, filaments,
walls and voids; Cosmological Principle;
Hubble’s law; Newtonian cosmology and
derivation of Friedman equation; closed and
oscillating universe, flat and open universe;
the Hot Big Bang model; Cosmic
Microwave Background (CMB); steady state
universe (introduction only); flat rotation
curves in galaxies and evidence of dark
matter; dark energy (introduction only).

Reading list
1. Astrophysics for physicists, A. Rai Choudhuri, Cambridge University Press.
2. An introduction to the theory of stellar structure and evolution, D. Prialnik, Cambridge
University Press.
3. Astrophysics- Stars and galaxies, K. D. Abhyankar, Tata McGraw Hill Pub.
4. Textbook of astronomy and astrophysics with elements of cosmology, V. B. Bhatia,
Narosa Pub.
5. Astronomy Methods - A Physical Approach to Astronomical Observations, Hale Bradt,
Cambridge University Press.
6. Introduction to astrophysics, H.L. Duorah and K. Duorah, Mani Manik Prakash
(Guwahati) Digital Principles and Applications, A. P. Malvino, D. P. Leach and Saha,
7th Ed., 2011, Tata McGraw
7. The physical universe – An introduction to astronomy, F. H. Shu, University of Science
Books.

51
8. The structure of the universe, J.V. Narlikar, Oxford University Press.
9. Introduction to cosmology, B. Ryden, Cambridge University Press

Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

 To introduce the students with fundamental concepts and observational techniques in

astronomy including virtual observatory tools,
 to introduce them with physical processes occurring inside the celestial objects and
 to introduce the physical concepts required for the study of recent frontiers in astrophysics.

ii. Learning outcome

On successful completion of this course students will be able to understand the fundamental
concepts in astronomy. They will be able to apply physics of celestial objects in
understanding the universe. They will be equipped with the skills required for (i)
observational astronomy (ii) virtual observatory tools and (iii) physical concepts of recent
frontiers in astrophysics.

Theory Credit: 04 (Three)

No. of Required Classes: 45

No. of Contact Classes: 45

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Dr. Biman Jyoti Medhi, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Sanjeev Kalita, Gauhati University, [email protected]
3) Dr. Pratima Dutta, Dimoria College, [email protected],

52
 Subject: Physics
Semester: Six
Course Name: Statistical Mechanics
Existing Base Syllabus: HS Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics
Course Level: PHY354
Syllabus showing each unit against class number and marks

Unit no. Unit content No. of Marks/Credit

classes
Theory
Unit I: Classical Microstate and macrostate, distributions of 15 Credit - 4
Statistics particles in compartments, principle of
equal a priori probability. Phase space,
volume of phase space. Elementary
concept of ensembles, Types of
ensembles. Ergodic hypothesis. Entropy
and thermodynamic probability, Stirling’s
approximation, Maxwell-Boltzmann
distribution function, Partition functions.
Gibbs Paradox, Sackur Tetrode equation,
Law of Equipartition of Energy (with
proof) — Applications to specific heat and
its limitations. Thermodynamic
parameters (internal energy, entropy, free
energy, enthalpy) using partition
functions.

Unit II: Classical Properties of thermal radiation. 12

and Quantum Blackbody radiation. Spectral distribution
Theory of of Blackbody radiation, Kirchhoff’s law.
Radiation Stefan-Boltzmann law: Thermodynamic
proof. Radiation pressure (for Normal and
diffused case). Wien’s Displacement law.
Wien’s Distribution Law. Saha’s
ionization formula. Rayleigh-Jean’s Law
(with proof). Ultraviolet catastrophe.
Need of quantum statistics. Planck’s
quantum postulates. Planck’s law of
blackbody radiation: Experimental
verification. Deduction of (1) Wien’s
Distribution Law, (2) RayleighJeans Law,
(3) Stefan- Boltzmann Law, (4) Wien’s
Displacement law from Planck’s black
body radiation formula

53
 Unit III: Bose- Bose-Einstein (BE) distribution, Pressure 8
Einstein Statistics of a Bose gas, Bose Einstein
Condensation (qualitative description
only), Properties of liquid Helium
(qualitative discussion only), Radiation as
a photon gas and Bose’s derivation of
Planck’s blackbody radiation formula,
Thermodynamic functions of photon gas
– energy, entropy, and free energy
Unit IV: Fermi- Fermi-Dirac (FD) distribution, FD 10
Dirac Statistics function and Fermi Energy, Degenerate
Fermi gas, strongly degenerate case
(qualitative discussion only),
Thermodynamic functions - energy and
pressure of a completely degenerate Fermi
gas, Heat capacity at low temperature,
Free electron gas in metals and electronic
specific heat, Relativistic Fermi gas,
thermodynamics of white dwarf star
(qualitative discussion only).

Reading list
1. Statistical Mechanics, R K Pathria and P D Beale, Elsevier Science, 2021.
2. Statistical Physics, F. Reif, McGraw-Hill Education India, 2008.
3. Statistical and Thermal Physics, S. Lokanathan and R. S. Gambhir, PHI Learning, 1991.
4. Modern Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics, Carl S. Helrich, Springer, 2009.
5. An Introduction to Statistical Mechanics & Thermodynamics, R. H. Swendsen, Oxford
University Press, 2012.
6. A Primer of Statistical Mechanics, R. B. Singh, New Age International Publishers, 2006.

Graduate Attributes

i. Course Objective

 To provide basic concepts of statistical mechanics

 Describing various thermodynamical phenomena using probability theory
 To learn classical and quantum statistics

ii. Learning outcome

Upon completion of the course, students will get accustomed to the microscopic origin of
thermodynamic processes. After successful completion of the course, students will be able to
perceive classical and quantum pictures of physical and chemical events

Theory Credit: 04 (Three)

No. of Required Classes: 45

54
No. of Contact Classes: 45

No. of Non-Contact Classes:

Particulars of Course Designer (Name, Institution, email id):

1) Dr. Bimal Kumar Sarma, Gauhati University, [email protected]

2) Dr. Krishna Kingkar Pathak , Arya Bidyapeeth College, [email protected]
3) Dr. Diganta Sarma, B. Borooah College, [email protected]

55