Core Java Exercises

1. Hello World Program

• Objective: Understand the basic structure of a Java program.

• Task: Write a Java program that prints "Hello, World!" to the console.

• Instructions:

o Create a class named HelloWorld.

o Implement the main method.

o Use System.out.println() to display the message.

2. Simple Calculator
• Objective: Practice arithmetic operations and user input.

• Task: Develop a calculator that performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

• Instructions:

o Prompt the user to enter two numbers.

o Ask the user to choose an operation.

o Display the result of the operation.

3. Even or Odd Checker

• Objective: Utilize conditional statements.

• Task: Determine if a number entered by the user is even or odd.

• Instructions:

o Prompt the user for an integer.

o Use the modulus operator % to check divisibility by 2.

o Display whether the number is even or odd.

4. Leap Year Checker

• Objective: Apply nested conditional logic.

• Task: Check if a given year is a leap year.

• Instructions:

o Prompt the user to enter a year.

 o A year is a leap year if it's divisible by 4 but not by 100, unless it's also divisible by 400.

o Display the result accordingly.

5. Multiplication Table
• Objective: Implement loops.

• Task: Print the multiplication table for a number up to 10.

• Instructions:

o Prompt the user for a number.

o Use a for loop to iterate from 1 to 10.

o Multiply the input number by the loop counter and display the result.

6. Data Type Demonstration

• Objective: Understand Java's primitive data types.

• Task: Declare variables of different primitive types and display their values.

• Instructions:

o Declare variables of types int, float, double, char, and boolean.

o Assign appropriate values to each.

o Use System.out.println() to display each variable.

7. Type Casting Example

• Objective: Practice type casting between different data types.

• Task: Convert a double to an int and vice versa.

• Instructions:

o Declare a double variable with a decimal value.

o Cast it to an int and display the result.

o Declare an int variable and cast it to a double, then display.

8. Operator Precedence
• Objective: Explore how Java evaluates expressions.

• Task: Evaluate and display the result of complex expressions.

• Instructions:

o Write expressions combining multiple operators, e.g., int result = 10 + 5 * 2;.

 o Display the result and explain the order of operations.

9. Grade Calculator
• Objective: Use conditional statements to determine grades.

• Task: Assign grades based on marks entered by the user.

• Instructions:

o Prompt the user for marks out of 100.

o Use if-else statements to assign grades:

▪ 90-100: A

▪ 80-89: B

▪ 70-79: C

▪ 60-69: D

▪ Below 60: F

o Display the assigned grade.

10. Number Guessing Game

• Objective: Implement loops and conditional logic.

• Task: Create a game where the user guesses a randomly generated number.

• Instructions:

o Generate a random number between 1 and 100.

o Prompt the user to guess the number.

o Provide feedback if the guess is too high or too low.

o Continue until the user guesses correctly.

11. Factorial Calculator

• Objective: Use loops to perform repetitive calculations.

• Task: Calculate the factorial of a number entered by the user.

• Instructions:

o Prompt the user for a non-negative integer.

o Use a for loop to calculate the factorial.

o Display the result.

12. Method Overloading
• Objective: Understand method overloading in Java.

• Task: Create multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Instructions:

o Define methods named add that accept:

▪ Two integers.

▪ Two doubles.

▪ Three integers.

o Each method should return the sum of its parameters.

o Call each method and display the results.

13. Recursive Fibonacci

• Objective: Implement recursion.

• Task: Calculate the nth Fibonacci number using recursion.

• Instructions:

o Prompt the user for a positive integer n.

o Define a recursive method fibonacci(int n) that returns the nth Fibonacci number.

o Display the result.

14. Array Sum and Average

• Objective: Work with arrays and perform calculations.

• Task: Calculate the sum and average of elements in an array.

• Instructions:

o Prompt the user to enter the number of elements.

o Read the elements into an array.

o Calculate and display the sum and average.

15. String Reversal

• Objective: Manipulate strings.

• Task: Reverse a string entered by the user.

• Instructions:
 o Prompt the user for a string.

o Use a loop or StringBuilder to reverse the string.

o Display the reversed string.

16. Palindrome Checker

• Objective: Combine string manipulation and conditional logic.

• Task: Check if a string is a palindrome.

• Instructions:

o Prompt the user for a string.

o Remove any non-alphanumeric characters and convert to lowercase.

o Check if the string reads the same forwards and backwards.

o Display the result.

17. Class and Object Creation

• Objective: Understand classes and objects.

• Task: Create a Car class with attributes and methods.

• Instructions:

o Define attributes: make, model, year.

o Implement a method displayDetails() to print car information.

o Create objects of the Car class and call the method.

18. Inheritance Example

• Objective: Implement inheritance.

• Task: Create a base class Animal and a subclass Dog.

• Instructions:

o Animal class should have a method makeSound().

o Dog class should override makeSound() to print "Bark".

o Instantiate both classes and call their methods.

19. Interface Implementation

• Objective: Use interfaces in Java.

• Task: Define an interface Playable with a method play().

 • Instructions:

o Implement the interface in classes Guitar and Piano.

o Each class should provide its own implementation of play().

o Instantiate the classes and call the method.

20. Try-Catch Example

• Objective: Handle exceptions gracefully.

• Task: Handle division by zero using try-catch.

• Instructions:

o Prompt the user for two integers.

o Attempt to divide the first by the second.

o Catch any ArithmeticException and display an appropriate message.

21. Custom Exception

• Objective: Create and use custom exceptions.

• Task: Define a custom exception InvalidAgeException.

• Instructions:

o Throw InvalidAgeException if the user's age is less than 18.

o Catch the exception and display a message.

22. File Writing

• Objective: Write data to a file.

• Task: Write user input to a text file.

• Instructions:

o Prompt the user for a string.

o Write the string to a file named output.txt.

o Confirm that the data has been written.

23. File Reading

• Objective: Read data from a file.

• Task: Read and display the contents of output.txt.

• Instructions:
 o Open output.txt for reading.

o Read each line and display it on the console.

24. ArrayList Example

• Objective: Use dynamic arrays.

• Task: Manage a list of student names.

• Instructions:

o Create an ArrayList to store names.

o Allow the user to add names to the list.

o Display all names entered.

25. HashMap Example

• Objective: Use key-value pairs.

• Task: Map student IDs to names.

• Instructions:

o Create a HashMap with Integer keys and String values.

o Allow the user to add entries.

o Retrieve and display a name based on an entered ID.

26. Thread Creation

• Objective: Implement multithreading.

• Task: Create and run two threads that print messages.

• Instructions:

o Define a class that extends Thread or implements Runnable.

o In the run() method, print a message multiple times.

o Start both threads and observe the output.

27. Lambda Expressions

• Objective: Use functional programming features.

• Task: Sort a list of strings using a lambda expression.

• Instructions:

o Create a List of strings.

 o Use Collections.sort() with a lambda to sort the list.

o Display the sorted list.

28. Stream API

• Objective: Process collections using streams.

• Task: Filter and display even numbers from a list.

• Instructions:

o Create a List of integers.

o Use the Stream API to filter even numbers.

o Collect and display the result.

29. Records
• Objective: Use the record keyword for immutable data structures (Java 16+).

• Task: Create a record to represent a Person with name and age.

• Instructions:

o Define a record named Person.

o Create instances and print them.

o Use records in a List and filter based on age using Streams.

30. Pattern Matching for switch (Java 21)

• Objective: Simplify conditional logic with pattern matching in enhanced switch expressions.

• Task: Determine the type of an object and respond accordingly.

• Instructions:

o Create a method that accepts Object as input.

o Use a switch expression to check if the object is Integer, String, Double, etc.

o Print a message based on the object’s type.

31. Basic JDBC Connection

• Objective: Connect Java with a relational database.

• Task: Connect to a local MySQL/SQLite database and retrieve data.

• Instructions:
 o Set up a database with a students table.

o Write code to load the JDBC driver, create a connection, execute a SELECT query, and
print results.

32. Insert and Update Operations in JDBC

• Objective: Perform insert/update SQL queries from Java.

• Task: Add and modify student data using JDBC.

• Instructions:

o Create a StudentDAO class.

o Implement methods to insert new records and update student details.

o Use PreparedStatement for parameterized queries.

33. Transaction Handling in JDBC

• Objective: Use JDBC transactions.

• Task: Simulate a money transfer between two accounts.

• Instructions:

o Create accounts table with balances.

o Implement a transfer method with Connection.setAutoCommit(false).

o Commit if both debit and credit succeed, else rollback.

34. Create and Use Java Modules

• Objective: Understand Java's module system.

• Task: Create two modules: com.greetings and com.utils.

• Instructions:

o Define a module-info.java file in both modules.

o Export a utility class from com.utils and use it in com.greetings.

o Compile and run using the module path.

35. TCP Client-Server Chat

• Objective: Use Java sockets for TCP communication.

• Task: Implement a simple TCP chat system.

• Instructions:

o Create a ServerSocket that listens for connections.

 o Accept client connections and use InputStream and OutputStream for two-way
communication.

o Run server and client in different terminals.

36. HTTP Client API (Java 11+)

• Objective: Make HTTP requests from Java.

• Task: Fetch data from a public API (e.g., GitHub).

• Instructions:

o Use HttpClient and HttpRequest.

o Print the response status and body.

o Optional: Parse JSON response using Jackson or Gson.

37. Using javap to Inspect Bytecode

• Objective: Explore compiled .class files.

• Task: Compile a Java class and inspect its bytecode using javap.

• Instructions:

o Create a class with a method.

o Compile it and run javap -c ClassName.

o Interpret the bytecode output.

38. Decompile a Class File

• Objective: Reverse engineer compiled Java bytecode.

• Task: Use a tool like JD-GUI or CFR to decompile a .class file.

• Instructions:

o Write a simple Java program and compile it.

o Open the .class file in a decompiler.

o Analyze the decompiled source.

39. Reflection in Java

• Objective: Use Java Reflection API.

• Task: Load a class and invoke methods dynamically.

• Instructions:
 o Use Class.forName(), getDeclaredMethods(), and invoke() to call a method without
directly referencing it in code.

o Print the method names and parameters.

40. Virtual Threads (Java 21)

• Objective: Use lightweight threads for scalable concurrency.

• Task: Launch 100,000 virtual threads that each print a message.

• Instructions:

o Use Thread.startVirtualThread(() -> { ... }).

o Measure performance versus traditional threads.

41. Executor Service and Callable

• Objective: Use concurrency utilities.

• Task: Execute multiple Callable tasks that return results.

• Instructions:

o Use Executors.newFixedThreadPool() and submit() to execute callables.

o Collect results using Future.get().