Core Java Exercises
1. Hello World Program
• Objective: Understand the basic structure of a Java program.
• Task: Write a Java program that prints "Hello, World!" to the console.
• Instructions:
o Create a class named HelloWorld.
o Implement the main method.
o Use System.out.println() to display the message.
2. Simple Calculator
• Objective: Practice arithmetic operations and user input.
• Task: Develop a calculator that performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
• Instructions:
o Prompt the user to enter two numbers.
o Ask the user to choose an operation.
o Display the result of the operation.
3. Even or Odd Checker
• Objective: Utilize conditional statements.
• Task: Determine if a number entered by the user is even or odd.
• Instructions:
o Prompt the user for an integer.
o Use the modulus operator % to check divisibility by 2.
o Display whether the number is even or odd.
4. Leap Year Checker
• Objective: Apply nested conditional logic.
• Task: Check if a given year is a leap year.
• Instructions:
o Prompt the user to enter a year.
o A year is a leap year if it's divisible by 4 but not by 100, unless it's also divisible by 400.
o Display the result accordingly.
5. Multiplication Table
• Objective: Implement loops.
• Task: Print the multiplication table for a number up to 10.
• Instructions:
o Prompt the user for a number.
o Use a for loop to iterate from 1 to 10.
o Multiply the input number by the loop counter and display the result.
6. Data Type Demonstration
• Objective: Understand Java's primitive data types.
• Task: Declare variables of different primitive types and display their values.
• Instructions:
o Declare variables of types int, float, double, char, and boolean.
o Assign appropriate values to each.
o Use System.out.println() to display each variable.
7. Type Casting Example
• Objective: Practice type casting between different data types.
• Task: Convert a double to an int and vice versa.
• Instructions:
o Declare a double variable with a decimal value.
o Cast it to an int and display the result.
o Declare an int variable and cast it to a double, then display.
8. Operator Precedence
• Objective: Explore how Java evaluates expressions.
• Task: Evaluate and display the result of complex expressions.
• Instructions:
o Write expressions combining multiple operators, e.g., int result = 10 + 5 * 2;.
o Display the result and explain the order of operations.
9. Grade Calculator
• Objective: Use conditional statements to determine grades.
• Task: Assign grades based on marks entered by the user.
• Instructions:
o Prompt the user for marks out of 100.
o Use if-else statements to assign grades:
▪ 90-100: A
▪ 80-89: B
▪ 70-79: C
▪ 60-69: D
▪ Below 60: F
o Display the assigned grade.
10. Number Guessing Game
• Objective: Implement loops and conditional logic.
• Task: Create a game where the user guesses a randomly generated number.
• Instructions:
o Generate a random number between 1 and 100.
o Prompt the user to guess the number.
o Provide feedback if the guess is too high or too low.
o Continue until the user guesses correctly.
11. Factorial Calculator
• Objective: Use loops to perform repetitive calculations.
• Task: Calculate the factorial of a number entered by the user.
• Instructions:
o Prompt the user for a non-negative integer.
o Use a for loop to calculate the factorial.
o Display the result.
12. Method Overloading
• Objective: Understand method overloading in Java.
• Task: Create multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.
• Instructions:
o Define methods named add that accept:
▪ Two integers.
▪ Two doubles.
▪ Three integers.
o Each method should return the sum of its parameters.
o Call each method and display the results.
13. Recursive Fibonacci
• Objective: Implement recursion.
• Task: Calculate the nth Fibonacci number using recursion.
• Instructions:
o Prompt the user for a positive integer n.
o Define a recursive method fibonacci(int n) that returns the nth Fibonacci number.
o Display the result.
14. Array Sum and Average
• Objective: Work with arrays and perform calculations.
• Task: Calculate the sum and average of elements in an array.
• Instructions:
o Prompt the user to enter the number of elements.
o Read the elements into an array.
o Calculate and display the sum and average.
15. String Reversal
• Objective: Manipulate strings.
• Task: Reverse a string entered by the user.
• Instructions:
o Prompt the user for a string.
o Use a loop or StringBuilder to reverse the string.
o Display the reversed string.
16. Palindrome Checker
• Objective: Combine string manipulation and conditional logic.
• Task: Check if a string is a palindrome.
• Instructions:
o Prompt the user for a string.
o Remove any non-alphanumeric characters and convert to lowercase.
o Check if the string reads the same forwards and backwards.
o Display the result.
17. Class and Object Creation
• Objective: Understand classes and objects.
• Task: Create a Car class with attributes and methods.
• Instructions:
o Define attributes: make, model, year.
o Implement a method displayDetails() to print car information.
o Create objects of the Car class and call the method.
18. Inheritance Example
• Objective: Implement inheritance.
• Task: Create a base class Animal and a subclass Dog.
• Instructions:
o Animal class should have a method makeSound().
o Dog class should override makeSound() to print "Bark".
o Instantiate both classes and call their methods.
19. Interface Implementation
• Objective: Use interfaces in Java.
• Task: Define an interface Playable with a method play().
• Instructions:
o Implement the interface in classes Guitar and Piano.
o Each class should provide its own implementation of play().
o Instantiate the classes and call the method.
20. Try-Catch Example
• Objective: Handle exceptions gracefully.
• Task: Handle division by zero using try-catch.
• Instructions:
o Prompt the user for two integers.
o Attempt to divide the first by the second.
o Catch any ArithmeticException and display an appropriate message.
21. Custom Exception
• Objective: Create and use custom exceptions.
• Task: Define a custom exception InvalidAgeException.
• Instructions:
o Throw InvalidAgeException if the user's age is less than 18.
o Catch the exception and display a message.
22. File Writing
• Objective: Write data to a file.
• Task: Write user input to a text file.
• Instructions:
o Prompt the user for a string.
o Write the string to a file named output.txt.
o Confirm that the data has been written.
23. File Reading
• Objective: Read data from a file.
• Task: Read and display the contents of output.txt.
• Instructions:
o Open output.txt for reading.
o Read each line and display it on the console.
24. ArrayList Example
• Objective: Use dynamic arrays.
• Task: Manage a list of student names.
• Instructions:
o Create an ArrayList to store names.
o Allow the user to add names to the list.
o Display all names entered.
25. HashMap Example
• Objective: Use key-value pairs.
• Task: Map student IDs to names.
• Instructions:
o Create a HashMap with Integer keys and String values.
o Allow the user to add entries.
o Retrieve and display a name based on an entered ID.
26. Thread Creation
• Objective: Implement multithreading.
• Task: Create and run two threads that print messages.
• Instructions:
o Define a class that extends Thread or implements Runnable.
o In the run() method, print a message multiple times.
o Start both threads and observe the output.
27. Lambda Expressions
• Objective: Use functional programming features.
• Task: Sort a list of strings using a lambda expression.
• Instructions:
o Create a List of strings.
o Use Collections.sort() with a lambda to sort the list.
o Display the sorted list.
28. Stream API
• Objective: Process collections using streams.
• Task: Filter and display even numbers from a list.
• Instructions:
o Create a List of integers.
o Use the Stream API to filter even numbers.
o Collect and display the result.
29. Records
• Objective: Use the record keyword for immutable data structures (Java 16+).
• Task: Create a record to represent a Person with name and age.
• Instructions:
o Define a record named Person.
o Create instances and print them.
o Use records in a List and filter based on age using Streams.
30. Pattern Matching for switch (Java 21)
• Objective: Simplify conditional logic with pattern matching in enhanced switch expressions.
• Task: Determine the type of an object and respond accordingly.
• Instructions:
o Create a method that accepts Object as input.
o Use a switch expression to check if the object is Integer, String, Double, etc.
o Print a message based on the object’s type.
31. Basic JDBC Connection
• Objective: Connect Java with a relational database.
• Task: Connect to a local MySQL/SQLite database and retrieve data.
• Instructions:
o Set up a database with a students table.
o Write code to load the JDBC driver, create a connection, execute a SELECT query, and
print results.
32. Insert and Update Operations in JDBC
• Objective: Perform insert/update SQL queries from Java.
• Task: Add and modify student data using JDBC.
• Instructions:
o Create a StudentDAO class.
o Implement methods to insert new records and update student details.
o Use PreparedStatement for parameterized queries.
33. Transaction Handling in JDBC
• Objective: Use JDBC transactions.
• Task: Simulate a money transfer between two accounts.
• Instructions:
o Create accounts table with balances.
o Implement a transfer method with Connection.setAutoCommit(false).
o Commit if both debit and credit succeed, else rollback.
34. Create and Use Java Modules
• Objective: Understand Java's module system.
• Task: Create two modules: com.greetings and com.utils.
• Instructions:
o Define a module-info.java file in both modules.
o Export a utility class from com.utils and use it in com.greetings.
o Compile and run using the module path.
35. TCP Client-Server Chat
• Objective: Use Java sockets for TCP communication.
• Task: Implement a simple TCP chat system.
• Instructions:
o Create a ServerSocket that listens for connections.
o Accept client connections and use InputStream and OutputStream for two-way
communication.
o Run server and client in different terminals.
36. HTTP Client API (Java 11+)
• Objective: Make HTTP requests from Java.
• Task: Fetch data from a public API (e.g., GitHub).
• Instructions:
o Use HttpClient and HttpRequest.
o Print the response status and body.
o Optional: Parse JSON response using Jackson or Gson.
37. Using javap to Inspect Bytecode
• Objective: Explore compiled .class files.
• Task: Compile a Java class and inspect its bytecode using javap.
• Instructions:
o Create a class with a method.
o Compile it and run javap -c ClassName.
o Interpret the bytecode output.
38. Decompile a Class File
• Objective: Reverse engineer compiled Java bytecode.
• Task: Use a tool like JD-GUI or CFR to decompile a .class file.
• Instructions:
o Write a simple Java program and compile it.
o Open the .class file in a decompiler.
o Analyze the decompiled source.
39. Reflection in Java
• Objective: Use Java Reflection API.
• Task: Load a class and invoke methods dynamically.
• Instructions:
o Use Class.forName(), getDeclaredMethods(), and invoke() to call a method without
directly referencing it in code.
o Print the method names and parameters.
40. Virtual Threads (Java 21)
• Objective: Use lightweight threads for scalable concurrency.
• Task: Launch 100,000 virtual threads that each print a message.
• Instructions:
o Use Thread.startVirtualThread(() -> { ... }).
o Measure performance versus traditional threads.
41. Executor Service and Callable
• Objective: Use concurrency utilities.
• Task: Execute multiple Callable tasks that return results.
• Instructions:
o Use Executors.newFixedThreadPool() and submit() to execute callables.
o Collect results using Future.get().
