Scribd
Upload
7 views8 pages

1 VJD Ap FKVo

An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages hardware and software resources, providing a platform for applications. Key functions include process, memory, file system, device management, user interface, and security. Types of OS include batch, multiprogramming, multitasking, real-time, distributed, and mobile, with various scheduling algorithms and memory management techniques to handle processes and resources effectively.

Uploaded by

Thrisha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views8 pages

1 VJD Ap FKVo

An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages hardware and software resources, providing a platform for applications. Key functions include process, memory, file system, device management, user interface, and security. Types of OS include batch, multiprogramming, multitasking, real-time, distributed, and mobile, with various scheduling algorithms and memory management techniques to handle processes and resources effectively.

Uploaded by

Thrisha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Here are well-structured notes on Operating System (OS) Basics :

Operating System (OS) – Notes

1. Definition

An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages hardware, software, and resources, and provides a platform for running
application programs.

2. Main Functions of an OS

Process Management: Controls execution of processes, multitasking, scheduling.

Memory Management: Allocates/deallocates RAM to processes.


File System Management: Manages files and directories on storage devices.

Device Management: Manages device communication using drivers.

User Interface: Provides CLI (Command Line) or GUI (Graphical UI).

Security & Access Control: Prevents unauthorized access to system/data.

3. Types of Operating Systems

Batch OS: Executes batches of jobs without interaction.

Multiprogramming OS: Keeps multiple programs in memory to increase CPU use.

Multitasking OS: Runs multiple tasks simultaneously.


Time-Sharing OS: Provides each user a small time slot.

Real-Time OS: Immediate response, used in embedded systems.

Distributed OS: Manages a group of independent systems.

Mobile OS: Designed for mobile devices (e.g., Android, iOS).

4. Process vs Program

Program: Passive set of instructions.

Process: Active instance of a program in execution.


5. Process States

New Ready Running Waiting Terminated

State transitions managed by the process scheduler.

6. CPU Scheduling Algorithms

FCFS (First Come First Serve)

SJF (Shortest Job First)

Priority Scheduling
Round Robin (RR)

Multilevel Queue

7. Memory Management Techniques

Paging: Divides memory into fixed-size pages and frames.

Segmentation: Divides memory by logical segments (code, stack, data).

Virtual Memory: Uses disk as an extension of RAM.

8. Deadlock
Occurs when processes wait indefinitely for resources.

Conditions:

Mutual Exclusion

Hold and Wait

No Preemption

Circular Wait

Prevention/Handling: Avoiding, detecting, or recovering.


9. File Systems

OS organizes and stores data using file systems.

Examples: FAT32, NTFS (Windows), ext4 (Linux).

10. Popular Operating Systems

Windows: User-friendly GUI, widely used.

Linux: Open-source, highly customizable.

MacOS: Optimized for Apple hardware.

Android/iOS: Mobile device platforms.


Want notes on Java, Cloud Computing, Cybersecurity, Data Structures, or anything else next?

You might also like