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SV D4 WS3 HNH

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that enables users to define, create, maintain, and control access to databases, managing data efficiently through operations like insert, update, delete, and retrieval. There are various types of DBMS, including Hierarchical, Network, Relational, and Object-Oriented, each with unique structures and functionalities. Key components include data, database engine, query processor, and schema, while advantages encompass reduced redundancy, improved data integrity, security, and transaction management.

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5 views7 pages

SV D4 WS3 HNH

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that enables users to define, create, maintain, and control access to databases, managing data efficiently through operations like insert, update, delete, and retrieval. There are various types of DBMS, including Hierarchical, Network, Relational, and Object-Oriented, each with unique structures and functionalities. Key components include data, database engine, query processor, and schema, while advantages encompass reduced redundancy, improved data integrity, security, and transaction management.

Uploaded by

Thrisha
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Here are concise and easy-to-understand notes on Database Management Systems (DBMS) — a core topic in computer science and

software
development:

Database Management System (DBMS) – Notes

1. Definition

A DBMS is software that allows users to define, create, maintain, and control access to a database.

It manages data efficiently and allows users to perform operations like insert, update, delete, and retrieve data.

2. Types of DBMS

Hierarchical DBMS: Data is organized in a tree-like structure.


Network DBMS: Data is stored in a graph and can have many-to-many relationships.

Relational DBMS (RDBMS): Data is stored in tables (rows and columns).


Examples: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle.

Object-Oriented DBMS: Supports storage of objects, classes, and inheritance.

3. Key Components

Data: Raw facts stored in the database.

Database Engine: Handles data storage, retrieval, and update.

Query Processor: Interprets and executes database queries.

Schema: Structure or blueprint of the database.


4. Advantages of DBMS

Data redundancy is reduced.

Data integrity and consistency.

Better data security and access control.

Backup and recovery features.

Concurrent access and transaction management.


5. SQL (Structured Query Language)

DDL (Data Definition Language): CREATE, ALTER, DROP

DML (Data Manipulation Language): SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

DCL (Data Control Language): GRANT, REVOKE

TCL (Transaction Control Language): COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT

6. Keys in DBMS

Primary Key: Uniquely identifies a record in a table.

Foreign Key: Links two tables together.


Candidate Key: A column or set of columns that can qualify as a primary key.

Composite Key: A primary key made of more than one column.

7. Normalization

Process of organizing data to minimize redundancy.

Normal Forms:

1NF: Atomic values (no repeating groups)

2NF: No partial dependencies


3NF: No transitive dependencies

8. Transactions and ACID Properties

Transaction: A sequence of operations performed as a single logical unit.

ACID:

Atomicity: All or nothing

Consistency: Maintains DB integrity

Isolation: Transactions don’t interfere

Durability: Changes are permanent after commit


Let me know if you’d like notes on another subject (like Networking, Java, Operating Systems, Web Dev, etc.)!

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