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BCAA-1203 Detailed Answers

The document provides detailed answers to questions related to computer organization and architecture, covering topics such as the function of the accumulator, differences between addressing modes, stack operations, and instruction cycles. It also discusses various types of computer instructions, the distinction between CISC and RISC architectures, and components of cache memory and I/O interfaces. Additionally, it explains Direct Memory Access (DMA), addressing modes, and micro-operations in the CPU.

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8 views4 pages

BCAA-1203 Detailed Answers

The document provides detailed answers to questions related to computer organization and architecture, covering topics such as the function of the accumulator, differences between addressing modes, stack operations, and instruction cycles. It also discusses various types of computer instructions, the distinction between CISC and RISC architectures, and components of cache memory and I/O interfaces. Additionally, it explains Direct Memory Access (DMA), addressing modes, and micro-operations in the CPU.

Uploaded by

GAMING WITH GURKEERAT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Detailed Answers - Computer

Organization and Architecture (BCAA-


1203)
Section A: (Each question carries 2 marks)

Q1. Write the function of accumulator in computer.


The accumulator is a register in the CPU that stores intermediate results of arithmetic and
logic operations. It is part of the ALU and helps in faster computation by reducing the need
to access main memory repeatedly.

Q2. What is the difference between direct and indirect address instructions?
Direct Addressing: The operand is directly specified in the instruction.
Indirect Addressing: The instruction gives the address of a memory location which holds
the actual address of the operand.

Q3. What do you mean by push and pop operation in stack?


Push: Adds (inserts) data onto the top of the stack.
Pop: Removes data from the top of the stack.

Q4. Define register transfer language.


Register Transfer Language (RTL) is a symbolic language used to describe the micro-
operations between registers and the data transfer among them.

Q5. What is the difference between main memory and control unit?
Main Memory (RAM): Stores data and instructions currently in use.
Control Unit: Directs the operation of the processor, fetching and decoding instructions.

Q6. Draw and discuss an instruction cycle.


An instruction cycle includes the following steps:
1. Fetch the instruction from memory.
2. Decode the instruction.
3. Execute the instruction.
4. Store the result.

Q7. Define memory interleaving.


Memory interleaving is a technique to increase memory access speed by dividing memory
into modules and accessing them in parallel.
Q8. What is an interrupt? Enlist its types.
An interrupt is a signal that temporarily halts the CPU’s current operations.
Types:
1. Hardware Interrupt
2. Software Interrupt
3. Maskable Interrupt
4. Non-maskable Interrupt
5. Vectored Interrupt

Section B: (Each question carries 4 marks)

Q9. What is computer instruction? Describe various types of computer


instructions.
A computer instruction is a binary-coded operation that the CPU performs.
Types include:
- Data Transfer (MOV, LOAD)
- Arithmetic (ADD, SUB)
- Logical (AND, OR)
- Control (JMP, CALL)
- Input/Output instructions

Q10. Differentiate between CISC and RISC.


CISC vs RISC:
| Feature | CISC | RISC |
|---------------|-------------------------------|------------------------------|
| Instruction Set | Complex | Reduced |
| Execution Time | Slower | Faster |
| Examples | x86, VAX | ARM, MIPS |

Q11. Draw and discuss a 4-bit binary adder-subtractor.


This circuit uses full adders and XOR gates. A control line determines whether the operation
is addition or subtraction using 2’s complement method.

Q12. Explain stack-based CPU organization.


In stack-based CPU, operands are stored in a stack. Instructions implicitly refer to the top
elements of the stack for operation, reducing instruction size.

Q13. Draw and explain the block diagram of hardwired control unit.
The control unit uses fixed logic circuits (flip-flops, gates) to generate control signals. It is
fast but not flexible.
Q14. What is cache memory? Discuss its structure and features.
Cache memory is a small, fast memory between CPU and RAM.
Structure: CPU <-> Cache <-> Main Memory
Features: High speed, stores frequently accessed data, uses LRU or FIFO replacement
policies.

Q15. Draw and explain the block diagram of I/O interface.


Includes components like:
- Data bus buffer
- Control logic
- Status register
- Command register
It allows communication between CPU and peripherals.

Section C: (Each question carries 10 marks)

Q16. Draw and explain the block diagram of Direct Memory Access (DMA) along
with their advantages and disadvantages.
Block Diagram: CPU <-> DMA Controller <-> Memory
Advantages:
- Reduces CPU overhead
- High-speed data transfer
Disadvantages:
- Hardware complexity
- Potential memory conflicts

Q17. What is address mode? Explain various addressing modes with suitable
example.
Addressing modes define how operands are chosen.
- Immediate: Operand is in the instruction. e.g., MOV A, #5
- Direct: Address of operand is given. e.g., MOV A, 5000
- Indirect: Address points to another address.
- Indexed: Uses base address + offset.
- Register: Operand is in register.

Q17 (Alternate). What is micro operation? Explain different types of micro


operations with suitable examples.
Micro-operations are low-level operations in CPU.
Types:
- Register transfer: R1 ← R2
- Arithmetic: R1 ← R1 + R2
- Logical: R1 ← R1 AND R2
- Control: IF (T1) THEN R1 ← R2

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