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Techno International New Town: Technical Report Writing For Ca#2 Examination

The document is a technical report on Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), detailing their purpose, levels, advantages, disadvantages, and characteristics. DFDs visually represent the flow of data within a system, aiding in understanding and communication among stakeholders. The report emphasizes the importance of DFDs in system analysis and design, highlighting their utility for both technical and non-technical audiences.

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13 views7 pages

Techno International New Town: Technical Report Writing For Ca#2 Examination

The document is a technical report on Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), detailing their purpose, levels, advantages, disadvantages, and characteristics. DFDs visually represent the flow of data within a system, aiding in understanding and communication among stakeholders. The report emphasizes the importance of DFDs in system analysis and design, highlighting their utility for both technical and non-technical audiences.

Uploaded by

deepu2109raj
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TECHNO INTERNATIONAL NEW TOWN

TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING FOR CA#2 EXAMINATION

TOPIC:DATA FLOW DIAGRAM(DFD)

NAME: DEEPENDRA KUMAR


UNIVERSITY ROLL: 18731122033
PAPER NAME: Software Engineering
PAPER CODE:ESC-501-591-CSBS
BRANCH:CSBS
YEAR: 3rd
SEMESTER: 5th
INTRODUCTION

DFD is the abbreviation for Data Flow Diagram. The flow of data in a system
or process is represented by a Data Flow Diagram (DFD). It also gives
insight into the inputs and outputs of each entity and the process itself. Data
Flow Diagram (DFD) does not have a control flow and no loops or decision
rules are present. Specific operations, depending on the type of data, can be
explained by a flowchart. It is a graphical tool, useful for communicating
with users, managers and other personnel. It is useful for analyzing existing
as well as proposed systems.

Data flowcharts can range from simple, even hand-drawn process overviews,
to in-depth, multi-level DFDs that dig progressively deeper into how the data
is handled. They can be used to analyze an existing system or model a new
one. Like all the best diagrams and charts, a DFD can often visually “say”
things that would be hard to explain in words, and they work for both
technical and nontechnical audiences, from developer to CEO. That’s why
DFDs remain so popular after all these years

The objective of a DFD is to show the scope and boundaries of a system as a


whole. It may be used as a communication tool between a system analyst and
any person who plays a part in the order that acts as a starting point for
redesigning a system. The DFD is also called as a data flow graph or bubble
chart.
ANALYSIS

Levels of Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) uses hierarchy to maintain transparency thus


multilevel Data Flow Diagram (DFD’s) can be created. Levels of Data Flow
Diagram (DFD) are as follows:

0-level DFD
It is also known as a context diagram. It’s designed to be an abstraction view,
showing the system as a single process with its relationship to external
entities. It represents the entire system as a single bubble with input and
output data indicated by incoming/outgoing arrows.

Level 0 of Railway Reservation System


1-Level DFD
This level provides a more detailed view of the system by breaking down the
major processes identified in the level 0 DFD into sub-processes. Each
sub-process is depicted as a separate process on the level 1 DFD. The data
flows and data stores associated with each sub-process are also shown. In
1-level DFD, the context diagram is decomposed into multiple
bubbles/processes. In this level, we highlight the main functions of the
system and break down the high-level process of 0-level DFD into
subprocesses.

Level 1 DFD of Railway Reservation System

2-level DFD
This level provides an even more detailed view of the system by breaking
down the sub-processes identified in the level 1 DFD into further
sub-processes. Each sub-process is depicted as a separate process on the level
2 DFD. The data flows and data stores associated with each sub-process are
also shown.

Advantages of Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

● It helps us to understand the functioning and the limits of a system.


● It is a graphical representation which is very easy to understand as it helps
visualize contents.
● Data Flow Diagram represents a detailed and well explained diagram of
system components.
● It is used as the part of system documentation file.
● Data Flow Diagrams can be understood by both technical or nontechnical
person because they are very easy to understand.

Disadvantages of Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

● At times Data Flow Diagram (DFD) can confuse the programmers regarding
the system.
● Data Flow Diagrams takes long time to be generated, and many times due to
this reasons analysts are denied permission to work on it.
Characteristics of Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Graphical Representation: Data Flow Diagram (DFD) use different symbols and
notation to represent data flow within a system. That simplify the complex model.

Problem Analysis: Data Flow Diagram (DFDs) are very useful in understanding a
system and can be effectively used during analysis. Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) are
quite general and are not limited to problem analysis for software requirements
specification.

Abstraction: Data Flow Diagram (DFD) provides a abstraction to complex model i.e.
DFD hides unnecessary implementation details and show only the flow of data and
processes within information system.

Hierarchy: Data Flow Diagram (DFD) provides a hierarchy of a system. High- level
diagram i.e. 0-level diagram provides an overview of entire system while lower-level
diagram like 1-level DFD and beyond provides a detailed data flow of individual
process.

Data Flow: The primary objective of Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is to visualize the
data flow between external entity, processes and data store. Data Flow is represented
by an arrow Symbol.

Ease of Understanding: Data Flow Diagram (DFD) can be easily understand by both
technical and non-technical stakeholders.

Modularity: Modularity can be achieved using Data Flow Diagram (DFD) as it breaks
the complex system into smaller module or processes. This provides easily analysis
and design of a system.
CONCLUSION

Data Flow Diagram ( DFD) are visual maps that provides a clear
understanding of how information moves within a information system. Data
Flow Diagrams (DFD) consist of four component i.e. Processes that represent
system’s functionality, External Entities that represent the end users, data
store that represent database or data warehouse and data flow that represent
how data are flow among these three components. DFD help everyone, from
computer experts to regular users, as it provide a clear understanding of how
a system works and how different parts of it interact. By using DFDs, people
can work together effectively to analyze, design, and communicate about
systems.

REFERENCES

https://www.lucidchart.com/pages/data-flow-diagram

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-dfddata-flow-diagram/

https://www.javatpoint.com/software-engineering-data-flow-diagrams

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