P. B.

SIDDHARTHA COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE

Siddhartha Nagar, VIJAYAWADA- 520 010

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE & BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

This is to certify that this is the bonafide record of the

work done in the Lab By

Mr. / Ms. bearing
Roll No. of class during the
year 2021 – 2022.

No. Of Experiments recorded:

Head of the Department Staff Member in Charge

Date: Date:

External Examiner
 Lab - 1
1. Sign in to Power Bi service

Power BI accounts

Before you can sign in to Power BI, you'll need an account. There are two ways to get
a Power BI account. The first is when your organization purchases Power BI licenses
for its employees. And the second is when individuals sign up for free trials or
personal licenses. This article covers the first scenario.

Sign in for the first time

Step 1: open the Power BI service

The Power BI service runs in a browser.

 If you've received an email from a colleague, with a link to a dashboard or

report, select the link to Open this report or Open this dashboard.

 Otherwise, open your favorite browser and type app.powerbi.com.

Step 2: type your email address

The first time you sign in, Microsoft asks if you already have a Microsoft 365 account.
Select SIGN IN.

Enter your password. This is your Microsoft 365 account password. It is the same email and
password that you use for other Microsoft products, such as Outlook and Office. Depending
on how your account is set up, you may also be prompted to enter a code sent to your email
or mobile device.

Sometimes, your global administrator will assign you a license and send you an email
with this information. Look in your Inbox for a welcome email and follow the
instructions to sign in for the first time. Use this same email account for your sign-in.
Step 3: Review the terms and conditions

Review the terms and conditions, and if you agree, select the checkbox and
choose Start.

Step 4: review your Home landing page

On your first visit, Power BI opens your Home landing page. If Home doesn't open,
select it from the nav pane.
On Home, you'll see all the content that you have permission to use. At first, there may not
be much content, but don't worry, that will change as you start to use Power BI with your
colleagues. Remember that report that your colleague shared with you via email? It's on your
Home landing page under the heading Shared with me.

If you don't want Power BI to open to Home, you can set a Featured dashboard or
report to open instead.

Safely interact with content

As a business user, others will share content with you and you'll interact with that
content to explore the data and make business decisions. As you filter, slice,
subscribe, export, and resize, don't worry -- your work is not impacting the
underlying dataset or the original shared content (dashboards and reports). Power BI
is a safe space for you to explore and experiment. That doesn't mean you can't save
your changes - you can. But those changes only affect your view of the content. And
reverting to the original default view is as easy as clicking a button.
2. Create a Workspace

1. Select Workspaces > Create workspace.

2. Give the workspace a unique name. If the name isn't available, edit it to come up
with a name that's unique.

When you create an app from the workspace, by default it will have the same name
and icon as the workspace. You can change both when you create the app.

3. Here are some optional settings for your workspace. They're explained in more
detail in the Workspace settings section later in this article:

 Upload a Workspace image. Files can be .png or .jpg format. File size has to be less
than 45 KB.
 Specify a Workspace OneDrive to use a Microsoft 365 Group file storage location
(provided by SharePoint).
 Add a Contact list, the names of people to contact for information about the
workspace. By default, the workspace admins are the contacts.
 Allow contributors to update the app for the workspace
 Assign the workspace to a Premium capacity.
 Connect the workspace to an Azure Data Lake Gen2 storage account (in preview).
Read about this functionality in the article Configuring dataflow storage to use Azure
Data Lake Gen 2.

4. Select Save.

Power BI creates the workspace and opens it. You see it in the list of workspaces
you’re a member of.
3. Install Power Bi Desktop

With Power BI Desktop, you can build advanced queries, models, and reports that
visualize data. You can also build data models, create reports, and share your work
by publishing to the Power BI service. Power BI Desktop is a free download.

To get Power BI Desktop, you can use one of the two approaches.

 Install as an app from the Microsoft Store.

 Download directly, as an executable you download and install on your
computer.

Either of the two approaches gets the latest version of Power BI Desktop onto your
computer. However, there are some differences worth noting, as described in the
following sections.

Install as an app from the Microsoft Store

There are a few ways to access the most recent version of Power BI Desktop from the
Microsoft Store.

1. Use one of the following options to open the Power BI Desktop page of the
Microsoft Store:

 Open a browser and go directly to the Power BI Desktop page of the

Microsoft Store.
 From the Power BI service, in the upper right corner, select
the Download icon and then choose Power BI Desktop.
  Go to the Power BI Desktop product page, and then select Download Free.

2. After you've landed on the Power BI Desktop page of the Microsoft Store,
select Install.

Download Power BI Desktop directly

To download the Power BI Desktop executable from the Download Center,
select Download from the Download Center page. Then, specify a 32-bit or 64-bit
installation file to download.
Install Power BI Desktop after downloading it

You're prompted to run the installation file after you've finished downloading it.

Power BI Desktop ships as a single .exe installation package that contains all
supported languages, with a separate .exe file for the 32-bit and 64-bit versions. The
.msi packages are discontinued, requiring the .exe executable for installation. This
approach makes distribution, updates, and installation (especially for administrators)
much easier and more convenient. You can also use command-line parameters to
customize the installation process, as described in Using command-line options
during installation.

After you launch the installation package, Power BI Desktop installs as an application
and runs on your desktop.
4. Getting Data from existing Systems
Any company has a number of existing data sources that you can use in Power BI. You have seen
that you can create a data model in Power BI by copying the content of tables that exist in other
databases or files. You also have the option of refreshing this content dynamically, or you can
directly query the data source whenever you access a report. By querying directly, you avoid the
need to create a copy of the data that you must then synchronize periodically. In this section, you
will see the available options with which you can connect Power BI to either your on-premises
database or a database in the cloud.

Before looking at the details, here are a few terms with which you should be familiar:

 On-premises If you get data from a database that is physically stored in a server managed by your
company, we say that the database is on-premises (often shortened to on-prem).

 Cloud If you get data from a Microsoft Azure service, you are using data in the cloud. Cloud
computing accesses and uses shared compute and storage resources on the Internet.

 Relational database This is a database that stores data using tables that have relationships with
one another. Typically, you query this by using the SQL language. Examples of on-premises relational
databases that Power BI supports are Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, Oracle, IBM DB2,
MySQL, PostgreSQL, Sybase, and Teradata. Cloud-based relational databases that Power BI supports
include Azure SQL Database and Azure SQL Data Warehouse.

 Rich semantic model This is a database that stores both data and metadata, simplifying navigation
by using tools such as Excel PivotTables and Power BI reports. A typical example is Microsoft SQL
Server Analysis Services. Other supported providers are SAP HANA and SAP Business Warehouse.

 Power BI Personal Gateway This is a component installed on the user’s computer that makes it
possible to perform data refreshes on models published using the Power BI service. (Chapter 3
explains how to install this.) A Personal Gateway serves only one user, and only when the user’s
computer is turned on.

 Power BI Enterprise Gateway This is a component similar to the Personal Gateway that a system
administrator installs on a server in your company. A single Enterprise Gateway can serve all the
users of a company, and it is also available as soon as the server is turned on (servers are usually
active 24/7). You can find more technical details about how to install it at
https://powerbi.microsoft.com/documentati on/powerbi-gateway-enterprise/.

10
 Lab - 2
1. Uploading Data to Power Bi
David has an Excel workbook that he wants to upload to Power BI to see what it has to offer.
Because the data is stored in a local file on his laptop, he clicks the Get button on the Files tile (see
Figure 1-5). This displays the screen in Figure 1-6, where he can then choose from among several
upload options.

We will explore these options at greater length in the chapters that follow. For now, David chooses
Local File, navigates to a file on his laptop named 2015 Sales.xlsx, and then clicks Open to upload the
workbook to Power BI. After a few seconds, the Power BI dashboard displays the screen depicted in
Figure 1-7.

Before going any further, we want to take a few moments to explain how the Power BI portal is
organized. On the left side of the screen, in the pane labeled My Workspace, there are several items.
Let’s take a look at them:

 Dashboards This lists all of the dashboards you have created. After loading a single workbook,
Power BI creates a dashboard for you, using the same name as that of the original workbook.

 Reports Here, you will see the reports based on your data. In Figure 1-7, there is no default report,
but we’ll follow along as David creates one very soon.

 Datasets This lists all of the data sources that you connected to Power BI. In our narrative thus far,
the only workbook David loaded is 2015 Sales.

The Power BI experience is all about gaining insights from data. You begin with a dataset (2015 Sales,
in this example), you then build reports on the data, and, finally, you organize visualizations of the
reports into dashboards. You will learn how to perform all of these operations in detail in this book.
For the moment, we want only for you to become acquainted with the basic operations.

Referring back to Figure 1-7, the central pane is positioned on the 2015 Sales dashboard and,
because David has loaded the file but has not yet performed any analysis on the data it contains, the
dashboard is essentially empty, showing only the Ask A Question box and the 2015 Sales.xlsx tile,
which indicates that the dashboard is indeed connected to his Excel workbook.
2. Introducing Data Sources of Power Bi
Power BI supports large range of data sources. You can click Get data and it shows you all the
available data connections. It allows you to connect to different flat files, SQL database, and
Azure cloud or even web platforms such as Facebook, Google Analytics, and Salesforce
objects. It also includes ODBC connection to connect to other ODBC data sources, which are
not listed.
Following are the available data sources in Power BI −

 Flat Files
 SQL Database
 OData Feed
 Blank Query
 Azure Cloud platform
 Online Services
 Blank Query
 Other data sources such as Hadoop, Exchange, or Active Directory
To get data in Power BI desktop, you need to click the Get data option in the main screen. It
shows you the most common data sources first. Then, click the More option to see a full list of available
data sources.

When you click “More..” tab as shown in the above screenshot, you can see a new navigation window,
where on the left side it shows a category of all available data sources. You also have an option to
perform a search at the top.
Following are the various data sources listed −

All
Under this category, you can see all the available data sources under Power BI desktop.

File
When you click File, it shows you all flat file types supported in Power BI desktop. To
connect to any file type, select the file type from the list and click Connect. You have to
provide the location of the file.

Database
When you click the Database option, it shows a list of all the database connections that you
can connect to.
Azure
Using the Azure option, you can connect to the database in Azure cloud. Following screenshot
shows the various options available under Azure category.

Online Services
Power BI also allows you to connect to different online services such as Exchange, Salesforce,
Google Analytics, and Facebook.
Following screenshots shown the various options available under Online Services.
To connect to any database, select a Database type from the list as shown in the above
screenshot. Click Connect.
You have to pass Server name/ User name and password to connect. You can also connect via
a direct SQL query using Advance options. You can also select Connectivity mode- Import or
DirectQuery.
Note − You can’t combine import and DirectQuery mode in a single report.

Import vs DirectQuery
DirectQuery option limits the option of data manipulation and the data stays in SQL database.
DirectQuery is live and there is no need to schedule refresh as in the Import method.
Import method allows to perform data transformation and manipulation. When you publish
the data to PBI service, limit is 1GB. It consumes and pushes data into Power BI Azure backend
and data can be refreshed up to 8 times a day and a schedule can be set up for data refresh.
Other
Following screenshot shows the various options available under other category.
3. Introducing Natural Language Queries
With Power BI, you have the ability to carry out analysis of your data by asking it questions, in plain
English—no special code or syntax is required. This feature is called natural-language queries, and
with it, you can ask Power BI to perform tasks in much the same way you would ask one of your
colleagues. Let’s take a look at an example of how David uses natural-language queries in Power BI.

In the central pane, in the question box, David types a simple query: “Show sales 2015 by brand.”
Power BI understands the query and presents a bar chart (see Figure 1-8) in which the brands are
displayed alphabetically and the length of the bars is proportional to the corresponding sales for
each brand in 2015.

Not only did Power BI understand David’s query, but, after performing an analysis of his dataset, it
also suggests other meaningful queries in a list that appeared when he began to type the query. For
David’s data, that analysis revealed that he might also be interested in viewing sales in 2015 by
country/region or by month, so Power BI suggests those as alternate queries

Also in Figure 1-8, notice the highlighted pushpin icon to the right of the question box. You can click
this to “pin” the currently displayed visualization to the dashboard; this way, you can easily see it
when you connect to Power BI. When you click the pushpin button, Power BI opens the Pin To
Dashboard dialog box shown in Figure 1-9.

To save the newly created bar chart to the dashboard, click Pin. Figure 1-10 shows how Power BI
presents the dashboard with the pinned bar chart. (You need to go back to the dashboard to see it.)

Using natural-language queries is quite impressive, but it is only one of the many ways in which
Power BI can analyze your data.
 Lab - 3
1. Visualizations in Power Bi

What is Data Visualization?

Data Visualization is a process of taking raw data and transforming it into graphical or
pictorial representations such as charts, graphs, diagrams, pictures, and videos which
explain the data and allow you to gain insights from it. So, users can quickly a
analyze the
data and prepare reports to make business decisions effectively.

Here are the chart types in Power BI:

1. Area Charts

The area chart depends on line charts to display quantitative graphical data. The area
between the axis and lines is commonly filled with colors, textures, and patterns. You can
compare more than two quantities with area charts. It shows the trend changes over time
and can be used to attract the attention of the users to know the total chang
changes across the
trends.

For Instance:

The below Area chart clearly shows you how the usage of Tableau, Power BI, and Looker
varies over the past six years.

2. Line Charts

Line charts are mostly used charts to represent the data and are characterized by a series
of data points connected by a straight line. Each point in the line corresponds to a data
value in the given category. It shows the exact value of the plotted data. Line charts should
only be used to measure the trends over a period of time, e.g. dates, months, and years
For Instance:

The below line chart shows the popularity of the Microsoft Power BI keyword in Google
search across the world. It'ss clearly indicating that the popularity of Power BI has been
increasing gradually since its inception.

3. Bar Charts

In the list of Power BI visualization types, next, we are going to discuss bar charts.

Bar charts are mostly used graphs because they are simple to create and easy to
understand. Bar charts are also called horizontal charts that represent the absolute data.
They are useful to display the data that include negative values because it is possible to
position the bars above and below the x-axis.

For Instance:

We have shown you the Power BI Developer Salary trends (Based on neuvvo.com) in
different countries using the bar chart.

The above image shows the comparison of Power BI developer Salary trends in 5 different
countries (UK, India, Canada, Australia, USA).
4. Column Charts

Column charts are similar to bar charts, and the only difference between these two is,
column chart divides the same category data into the clusters and compares within the
clusters. Also, it compares the data from other clusters.

For Instance:

Let us consider one example in which we compared the BI market share with the past
years.

If you have observed the below column chart, it is clear that the BI market share has been
increasing gradually.

5. Combo Charts

A combo chart is a combination of both the column charts and line charts that help you
to make a quicker comparison of the data. The combo chart shows the relationship
between two measures in a single visualization. It also helps to compare multiple measures
with different values.
For Instance:

In the above combo chart, you can see the comparison between last year's and current
year's sales of a product and also the current year's gross margin. With the help of this
combo chart, an organization can quickly analyze the data about the product to ma make
business decisions quickly.

6. Pie Charts

A pie chart is a circular statistical chart, and it shows the whole data in parts. Each portion
of a pie chart represents the percentages, and the sum of all parts should be equal to
100%. The whole data can be divideddivided into slices to show the numerical propositions of
each part of the data. Pie charts are mostly used to represent the same category of data.
It helps users to understand the data quickly. They are widely used in education, the
business world, and communication
munication media.

For Instance:

In the below Pie chart, it is clear that which programming language is on the top list in
2019.
7. Doughnut Charts

Doughnuts are similar to pie charts, and it is named doughnut chart because it looks
similar to a doughnut. You can easily understand the data because doughnut charts show
the whole data into the proposition. It is the most useful chart when you need to display
various propositions that make up the final value.

For Instance:

Let us consider an example, top BI tools market share across the globe.

8. Gauge Charts

A gauge chart is also known as a speedometer or dial chart. It uses the needle to read the
data, and it shows the information on a dial. The gauge chart, it represents the value of
each needle as it reads the data according to the axis or colored data. These charts are
useful to compare the values between the variables either by using multiple needles on
the same gauge or different gauges.

For Instance: The above gauge chart show

showss you the average gross sales of the
company.
9. Funnel Charts

The funnel chart is a type of chart which is used to visualize the data that flows from one
phase to another phase. In the funnel chart, the whole data is considered as 100%, and in
each phase, it is represented as numerical propositions of the data.

For Instance:

The above Funnel charts show the flow of each phase. In the below image you can see the
total leads per day is 272, the quality leads are 89, solution leads are 72, proposal leads
are 36, and finalize leads are 12.

10. Scatter Charts

Scatter charts are used to visualize the data using the dots that represent the values
obtained from two different variables, such as the x-axis and y-axis. These charts are used
to show the relationship between two different variables. It is also called a correlation plot
because it shows how two variables are correlated to each other.
11. Bubble Charts

Bubble charts show the data in the form of a circle. The values of the variables are
represented by the x-axis
axis and yy-axis.
axis. The size of the circle represents the measure of the
variables.

For Instance:

In the below bubble chart, you can observe that on X X-axis,

axis, the community is measured,
and quality is measured on Y-axis.
axis. Each bubble represents the size of the community.

12. Waterfall Charts

A waterfall chart is used to show how initial values are increasing and decreasing gradually
by a series of values to arrive at the final value.

For Instance:

Let us consider an example in which you can plot your company's annual profit in different
countries, and you can add different sources of income and losses to know the net profit
of your company.
13. Maps

Maps are divided into three types, and they are listed below:

 Regional Maps

 Point Maps

 Flow Maps

A). Regional Maps:

Regional maps use different colors to represent the distribution of a specific range of
values on the map.

B). Point Maps

A point map is used to represent the geographical distribution of data by plotting the
same size points on the geographical background. It helps the user to grasp the overall
distribution of the data, but it is a tough task if you want to observe specific data.
C). Flow Maps

A flow map is a type of map that is particularly designed to show specific themes
connected with a particular geographical area. It is used in cartography to show the
movements of the objects between two or more areas.

14. Slicers Charts

Slicers charts are visual filters. Using slicers, you can filter or sort your data by clicking on
the type of data you want. In the below example, you can see all-region sales. In case if
you want to see particular region sales, then click on that region, and it shows the specific
region's sales.
15. Tree Maps

Treemaps display hierarchical data set in a nested rectangle. At each level, hierarchy is
represented by a color. The size of the space in the rectangle depends on the data values.
The rectangular boxes are arranged in size from top left to bottom right.

For Instance:

For example, you are analyzing your sales, and you have top-level branches for clothes
categories: Rural, Mix, Youth, and Urban. Power BI treemaps split your categories into
rectangle boxes (leaves); these boxes would be shaped and sized based on the number of
sold.

16. Matrix Chart

A Matrix chart shows the relation between two or more variables in a data set. It is mainly
made up of columns and rows to represent the data in the grid format. At least two
variables are required to create a matrix chart if there is any third or fourth variable, and
color or other dimensions that can be added to the matrix to represent the data.

For Instance:

The below matrix chart represents the company’s revenue in different years with other
factors.
17. Tables

A table is a grid that contains the related data in a series of rows and columns. Tables are
useful if you are comparing the same category for many values.

For Instance:

In the below example, you can see the same category having multiple measures to
compare.
 Lab - 4
Getting data from web
1. open web and search for "Indian states and capitals" click on proper search link and copy the URL

2. in power bi click on get data and then search for "web" and paste the URL

3. select the required tables from the web and click and load

4. in visualization select "table" and place the required field into the values and check output on
focus

Task : https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/

Output
Getting data from Northwind ODATA feed T3_IMF
ODATA
1. click on get data and search for "ODATA" and double click on it

2. in web search "North Wind dataset ODATA feed" and click on first search and copy the url
and paste the url into ODATA connector in power bi

3. select the customer,employees and order invoice tables and click on load

4. explore visulaization

Output

IMF
1. open google and search for IMF World Economic outlook data base

2. click on the first available link and in that site under download
World Economic Outlook Database

3. click on All countries ,select All and click on continue

4. select subject as GDP current prices by US dollars and click and continue

5. click on prepare Report and copy the URL

6. open powerbi click on get data and select web and double click on the web connector and paste the
URL

7. in web view select the required table and click on edit,it will opens query editor

8. Remove unwanted rows in home tab select reduce rows and then remove rows
and then select remove top rows and select number of rows as 1 and click on ok

9. To take the first row as a header click on transform tb and select use first row as header

10. In home tab select manage columns,then select remove columns and then select
remove columns which will remove the empty columns

Output
 Lab - 5
Functions & list dates in Power Bi
Functions
Round(12.1234,2)
Round(12.1254,2)
Is Even(10)
Is Even(11)
Is Odd(9)
SIGN(-9)
Round Up(12.34)
Round Down(12.12)
Output
List dates
1. select blank query
2. in fx write follwing date generation code

= List.Dates(#date(2021,01,01),Number.From(DateTime.LocalNow())-
Number.From(#date(2015,01,01)),#duration(1,0,0,0))

3. convert in to Table
4. close and apply

Go to Transform Data
select Add column and add index column
After that add conditional column by set conditions.

Output
Group By and Unpivot in Power Bi
Group By
create a text file and load the data

PRODUCT,TRXN_DATE,SALES
A,11-FEB-2019,120
A,11-FEB-2019,140
B,11-FEB-2019,200
B,11-FEB-2019,120
A,11-FEB-2019,190
B,11-FEB-2019,170

open in query editor

click on transform tab and then select group by and group by product

enter new column name as tot sales

click ok

Output
Unpivot
year,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998
Unit Sales,286322,253787,155483,246491,130602
Total Revenue,1145288,761361,310966,65301,66301

1. create a text file with the above data and from power bi connect it and open the
query editor

2. in transform tab select first row as header

3. select columns other than year columns and in tranform tab select
unpivot other columns

4. select first column which contains unit sales ,total revenue and click on pivot
set the values column as value column ,then click ok

5. Rename the column to year,sales and revenue

Transpose:

implementing above task using transpose also

1. connect data
2. in transfom tab clcik on transpose and select use first row as header
3. renaming the columns to year,sales and revenue
4. add the following row in to the file
Total Revenue,11000,34000,56000,78000
and save the file

5. Referesh the home tab

6. it will automatically displays total revenue

Output
 Lab - 6
Merging queries in Power Bi
1. Merge employee and department tables

2. select both tables in to query editor

3. under home tab select Merge Queries as New

4. select emp,dept tables and select common keys

5. select type of join query

6. click ok

Output
 Lab - 7
Data Compute in Power Bi
load employee data

go to transform

select custom column

compute salaryhike 20% salaryhike = [salary]*20/100

compute Total salary = [salary]+[salaryhike]

finally export data

Output
Append Query in Power Bi
1. create two tables

2. open query editor

3. click on first table , in home tab under combine options

select append queries as new

4. In Append window select primary table as table1

and table to append as table2

and chek the output

Output
 Lab - 8
Charts in Power Bi
clustered column chart

orders data

x- axis: sub category

y-axis

sales

profit

Data labels - on

slicer - Region

Trend Analysis - Line chart

Display month wise return quantity

select line chart

drag date in axis

select date hierarchy and remove quarter and day and year

drag sales in to y axis

data labels on

also check with profit

pie chart

select sales and sub category

39
combination chart using Line and Bar

line and clustered column chart

x- axis order date month

column y axis sales , profit

line y axis sales , profit

data labels on

series labels on

To compare current year sales with previous year sales for each region

1. create new measure Total.sales

Total.Sales= Sum(Orders[Sales])

2. Drag region in to rows and order date in to columns keep only year

3. Drag Total.Sales into values

4. create a new measure PY.values

PY.Sales=CALCULATE([TOTAL.Sales],PREVIUOSYEAR(Orders[Order Date].[Date]))

5. create a new table drag Py.sales and Total.sales in to values

Order date- Year into Axis

6. select slicer into view and drag region into slicer

7. default view will be in Text , Use line chart in the viz

40
8. select any region to filter based on region selection

9. copy the line chart and paste it beside and change it to bar chart

Output
42
Data Modeling in Power Bi
A company ABC has 200 grocery stores spread over eight states. Each of the stores has
different departments like Daily Needs, Cosmetics, Frozen Foods, dairy etc. Each store has
roughly around 20000 individual products on its shelves. The individual products are called
stock keeping units(SKUs). About 6000 SKUs come from outside manufacturers and have
bar codes imprinted on the product package. These bar codes are called Universal Product
Codes(UPCs). Data is collected by Point of Sale (POS) system at 2 places: front door where
customer takeaway is measured and backdoor where vendors make deliveries.

At the grocery store, management is concerned with the logistics of ordering, stocking and
selling products while maximizing profits. Several promotional schemes such as temporary
price reductions, ads in newspapers, displays etc, also keep rising.

Design a data model for analyzing the operations of this grocery chain.

SOLUTION:

Step 1: Gathering Business requirements:

Management wants to better understand customer purchases as captured by the POS system.
The model should allow analyzing what products are selling in which stores on what days
under what promotional conditions. Also, this a warehousing environment, so a dimensional
model is needed.

Step 2: Identification of Entities:

In the case of a dimensional model, we need to identify our fact and dimension entities.
Before developing the model, the grain of data that is required needs to be clarified. In this
particular case, we need the grain is individual line item on a POS transaction. As per the
requirement, we need to see data about a particular product in a particular store, on a
particular day under a particular promotional scheme. This gives us an idea of the dimensions
we require:

Date Dimension

Product Dimension

Store Dimension

Promotion Dimension

The quantities to be calculated(e.g sales quantity, profit etc) will be captured in a Sales Fact
table.

Step 3: Conceptual Data Model:

A preliminary data model will be made based on the information gathered about entities. In
our case, it will look as follows:

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Step 4: Finalization of attributes and Design of Logical Data Model

Now, the attributes of the identified Fact and Dimension tables need to be finalized. In our
case, the following attributes are finalized:

Date Dimension:

Product:

Store:
Promotion:

Sales Fact:

Transaction Number

Sales Quantity: (e.g no. of cans of veg noodle soups)

Sales Dollar Amount: Sales Quantity * Unit Price

Cost Dollar Amount: Dollar cost for the product charged by vendor

Gross Profit Dollar Amount: Sales Dollar Amt — Cost Dollar Amt

The logical data model will look like:

Step 5: Creation of Physical tables in database:

With the help of the data modeling tool or by writing custom scripts, the physical tables can
now be created in the database.

Data Modeling is one of the most important tasks in the design of a software application. It
lays the foundation of how the data will be organized, stored, retrieved and presented.
 Lab – 9
Data Summarization in Power Bi
Data summarization

group by

after calculate sum,avg,max,min...

new table

summarize1 = SUMMARIZE(Orders,Orders[Sub-Category],"Totalsales",SUM(Orders[Sales]))

Perform Data grouping on orders data at the city level and state level get tota;
sales and profit

summarize2 =
SUMMARIZE(Orders,Orders[City],Orders[Region],"totsales",sum(Orders[Sales]),"totprofit",sum(Orde
rs[Profit]))

sales only greater than 20000

summarize2 =
SUMMARIZE(Orders,Orders[City],Orders[Region],"totsales",sum(Orders[Sales])>20000,"totprofit",su
m(Orders[Profit]))

CALCULATE TABLE:
based on filters

syntax:

CALCULATETABLE(TABLE,[FILTER1],[FILTER2],. ..)

Orders[India]=CALCULATETABLE(Orders,Orders[Country]="India",Orders[Sales]>5000)

Get data only consumer segment Data in central ,EMCA regions, with quantity > 10 in first class Ship
Mode.

Orders_T2=CALCULATE(Orders,Orders[Segment]="Consumer",Order[Region] in {"Central","EMCA"},
Orders[Ship Mode]="First class",
Orders[Quantity] >10)

Display Top 10 customers from US ,UK, Japan and combine All the customers into Single Table

46
create three tables

indiacustomers= SELECTCOLUMNS(CALCILATETABLE(Orders,Orders[Country]="india"),
"Cust Name",Orders[Customer Name],
"Profits",Orders[Profit])

us customers

uk customers

create three measures on above three tables

Total.profits(IC)=SUM('Indian Customers'[Profits])

Output
 Lab – 10
Understanding the applications of Power Bi
organization works with a lot of data, but if you have a hard time connecting it to important insights, you aren’t
maximizing its value. Microsoft Power BI helps you fix this problem through a powerful business intelligence
tool that focuses on visualization. You don’t have to try hard to understand spreadsheet columns demanding
your attention. Instead, you get clear charts, graphs, diagrams and other reporting visuals. You identify trends,
discover patterns and quickly get up to speed on new data sets. Here are a few ways Microsoft Power BI can
work for your organization.

1. Automate KPIs in Microsoft Power BI

You have important key performance indicators (KPIs) scattered across multiple applications. You can’t draw
conclusions from these metrics when they’re siloed off in individual software. Power BI brings this data
together into one panel, so you have an organization-wide view of the information that matters.

2. Visualize Sales Versus Marketing Leads

Do you have problems with your sales team meeting their quota? The problem may not originate from their
department – it could be the quality or quantity of leads from marketing. Even your best account representatives
can’t do their job properly if they don’t start with the right prospects. Microsoft Power BI lets you visualize the
relationship between these two critical metrics.

3. Conduct a Marketing Health Check

You invest heavily in your online marketing to attract customers while they’re researching solutions to their
unique problems, but they’re falling out of the funnel before they convert. What’s going wrong between their
click through and the sale? Power BI brings this relevant data into a chart so you can track user behavior
throughout their journey. Your campaign may have significant problems or simply missed the mark with the
target demographic.

4. Gain a Real-Time Look at Your Company’s Financial Performance

Financial setbacks have a long-lasting impact on your organization, especially if it’s completely out of nowhere.
Microsoft Power BI gives you insight into the company’s performance at multiple levels. You can look into a
team’s profitability, your top-selling products, the revenue generated by a particular department and many other
views. This data comes into Power BI in real-time, so sudden drops get immediate attention. You get the chance
to fix the problem before it snowballs into a massive concern.

5. Create Consistent Reporting Standards

How many software packages exist in your organization? Every department from accounting to sales relies on
specialty applications for their day-to-day job duties. You don’t always get a reporting feature in these
programs, and if you do, the format varies significantly from app to app. Using Microsoft Power BI to pull in
data and generate reports gives you consistent standards across the organization. It takes less time for managers
to understand the information when it’s presented in the same format and style every time.

6. Stay Ahead of Inventory Shortages

Does your business work with physical inventory, whether you’re selling products to the general public or you
need to keep track of your office’s printer paper? Power BI stays on top of your inventory numbers, so you
know when to bring in more units, the sell-through or usage rate and other critical information.

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 Lab - 11
Create a Power Bi Dashboard for IPL data analysis
1. Open excel
2. click get data
3. click on text/csv
4. Load deliveries and matches from ipl folder
5. Click on “format your report page” in visualizations
6. wallpaper->browse->select image->click open->image fit(click on fit)
7. Add visualizations
Clustered bar chart
Clustered column chart
Pie chart
Multi row card
Table
Output
 Lab - 12
Create a Power Bi dashboard for Corona Cases analysis
1. click on get data
2. click on web
3. Enter https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
4. click ok
5. In html tables-> select Table 2
6. load data
7. next click transform data->remove unwanted columns
8. change type of column
9. click on close and apply
10. Next apply visualizations
Card Visualization
-Total deaths
-Total Recovered
-Total Tests
-New cases
-New Recovered
-Total Cases
11. next select map visualization->select country and total deaths and
apply
12. again select map visualization->select continent and new cases and
apply
13. click on clustered column chart->select country population and total
deaths and apply
14. check the final output.

50
Output