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State Space Representation AI

The document discusses the concept of state space in artificial intelligence, which includes all possible states of a system and the actions to transition between them. It outlines the components of state space, problem formulation, and various types of search methods, both uninformed and informed. The importance of state space in AI problem-solving is emphasized, highlighting its applications in planning, robotics, and game playing.

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61 views2 pages

State Space Representation AI

The document discusses the concept of state space in artificial intelligence, which includes all possible states of a system and the actions to transition between them. It outlines the components of state space, problem formulation, and various types of search methods, both uninformed and informed. The importance of state space in AI problem-solving is emphasized, highlighting its applications in planning, robotics, and game playing.

Uploaded by

srivastawapooja45
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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State Space Representation of Problems in Artificial Intelligence

1. Introduction to State Space

The state space is a conceptual structure that consists of all possible states of a system and the legal moves

from one state to another. In AI, problems are modeled as navigating through a space of possible

configurations (states) using actions (operators) to reach a desired goal. Example: In a chess game, each

board configuration is a state; each move is an operator.

2. Components of State Space

Each problem is defined in terms of:

- Initial State: Where the search begins.

- State Space: All states reachable through actions.

- Operators (Actions): Transform one state to another.

- Goal State/Test: Check if current state is a goal.

- Path Cost: Cost associated with the path taken.

3. Problem Formulation

Problems must be well-defined before solving. Define start state, actions, goal state, and cost metric.

Example: In 8-puzzle, the tiles' arrangement is the state, sliding is the action, and the goal is the correct tile

order.

4. Types of State Space Search

a) Uninformed Search:

- Breadth-First Search (BFS): Explores all nodes at a level.

- Depth-First Search (DFS): Explores deep paths.

- Uniform Cost Search: Chooses lowest cost path.

b) Informed Search:

- Best-First Search: Uses heuristics.

- Greedy Search: Chooses node that looks closest.

- A* Search: Uses f(n) = g(n) + h(n).


State Space Representation of Problems in Artificial Intelligence

5. State Space Search Examples

Examples include:

- 8-Puzzle Problem: Rearranging tiles.

- Travelling Salesman Problem: Visiting cities.

- Missionaries and Cannibals: Transporting without constraints violation.

- Robot Navigation: Moving through positions.

6. Importance in AI

State space forms the basis of AI problem solving. It is used in planning, robotics, game playing, etc. Without

it, intelligent agents can't reason or decide.

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