7. (; 1B. tele Unt 4 —-3.0) [fp ; Lxploin_xefinement & slacking. ee eal wing in impyaving- the a elity of “sl. @— = | Besigh concepts 2 + abstractia ans Bit ——_|9E faction ——|9 Tnformation hiding . 5) Refinement Ai \ —_|9 Refaclai Hele - —_____|¥ jot OF concemns uh eo £ chidechine iis Pe te diy Dd ems. ‘ + [Re Fineme nit: ‘ def" := Refinement is the process of taking a_high-level Ae ipsa. it itl ‘more. delailed steps finlil iain be iomple ented the in code. eg 2 Stippase the design says “send awelcome -email.” “Connect to email sewer: : + Fosmat email content. ] | Send the email - «Handle ed¥oxs +| Uses t= i lelps in-unersh ding every slep_helore Coding. i) Makes implemen| @ s o ‘ Type Zee i) Funchal vefinement Li) Data pefineme nt i) TndewFace refine ent lv) Process HeFinemen.eeeents | lation. ae - + Vee delails fox implementatior jee yifekDers vein miscemnunicaticn, &,Yeuse- liit) BeHey estimation:~ Helps in eff & Hime estimation - Refactoxing : ‘ngke clemadAimplet Q moye_cfficlent, without thi its func fistality- “Types == Gé@uedgseauyudedua i tbilit1 Pacman dip cate. cod ) Improve ait rakes be casted in! inde Lind & sini fluse daptoate hate Ss) eS ul = limi a e&Bcee Me ah Gs \ | 00! DES _like Tae tata fe Qde- ) Reduces bugs :~ cleaney cole is eisiey to test & oeb STmproves perfesmane ' seme yetocnyiny (wi optime pedtoammice Tat [- ed ipse Vo Code -oFfex mM I linkers = dele a: d_pa lewns. (eg Felint Pylint) wy Be ii) code Tox mat fess - ens consistent Foxmect iy g:3:5) Hak the diffevenk_aachitechnal Styles. Explall ayo in detail. ich chal Styles += j irertdye, ji. ei iy Tt veers eeiti oxiente etn -sewey aychijectue dala Tow architecture i Kall & zeluan C ——=21- Component identification : ————|2. TalevPace! design: ; ———|5-Gamponte ik be Mit é —|4. ae design 1a ih s 5. fangs ys Design_pwinchles appl ‘ L aie is cesigh, ; € te. oe in Component -level_clesign-- c ta Tee components = : determine the campanents /modules that a ry. based on the ctchiteclyve. é i) Bach “catponent Should depresent a Specific Fulay § feature. f i itdegs- Tn an _e-commeyce cpp z ° manger, Ds Febind indenfaces 2+ : i spec ow _coorponerts, nlened with each othey o's ki of's. e iD deine 7ulblic ae APIs, ox tt formals by * caticdi — a es , 5 quaolily)- a 3. iDescithe com lla * Saeed wi esc mea logic. = i) de Fine How the cuftponent “behaves Las. yantaus ‘ ; Scenavios. e€e6ebes Weg:- Fox a login component h , “t hisebname reo. mettch, aeusn success - e if not, show eatoy messages ; Lf Design nent dal sede ah ah Hon Ai LD choose cpqispitate dala ste's ‘needed inside. the cantponta- sae a will stove, access; 1 Madify Hs _ \ datla. \ in iil) bigs Use audict lollaay: to ‘shane ‘lems in the. carts Cort =} tir produchTD * quanti Fone sates ft ‘ 6&6 6 & BE i i armen ae th HEDGE oon eso ats Paes tea fee compen a Capea ae eh Urabe sles smallles Sub - Hide sure each “gn as Po ec po 7 validelle de igh Hi) cheth fon coneces completeness.» cantsislency Ye al & |b bb be Pp ly Z| Dillerealiale ben” toit”'s 2 i} cohesion & coupling . inconleak of . ign? a A ae fat fund desig a2 2 g MH Line ga eh lof_eNSuses\ ac} adule_dloes one job well, i Cap atone pened h | ie H clo ws__in dependen changes nme |_ Modul ft _aFReching- ofheds. at :Aspecid CohesioN 1s coupling i Fae pinin [ep of inlerdependene— « See Re ene ee lef dteamnt llts = [ay wl means’ Modules | Low carping. Means maddles_e Locus ona single ask. Bi f ependent_on.cach_¢ i 7% | S Hi : jog | low _coupling- leads_f moe-¢ dine fine undeis| tablet table Lahle mocliles: syslerms . 7 | Hioh cohesion + Lon) coupling __-___—¢ | ! —€ A Tepe i edaiihys feds 2k of pee ———_| ridindonahilify R increases fle Alb ility. © facus |Tnfexnal shengfh of a module Exley ncies bet" _€ niddilles € Seg: 14 gayment dle haing- ony Ae ned nde ac lng —s payment lacks. wilh a dalabase module. _€ DI ° Aspech9 iy Abshiacfion Refinement € t.det?- | simoifinng complex systems | adding mote delail to eerie © by “hiching” unnetessraj- detals.lansfaim_ahslaact idedis ilo © 7 a a as eS Thutpose:| Reduces complexity by locusiny-eXpands oh ahstiact conreplse ‘lon essentials." oT Cece detail lon focus :=|foruses on what the system {fu uses oh how the System res. works « & Z, Level of High-level. genedali ed_view. | dedailed , Specific & detail : Dt implementation. G 5. dist :- [4a i ad. nejal to Specific. Coppnach| top-down slep-hy -slep - dap [debi ehicle class with | veining. “vehicl! 4 specdty © i ic “paps tke te | behaviors like accelemtién. © f ed : = e e Ce3 gute 25. 3 sk 3a) Alhat question needs to be Ttjed in wide lo de ‘fe s \ a _piojéct plan_ace. to_//Sitit eal tf 9 d m_poposed ithe ish principle. a fh Cu in_o_siia: maniageai a i Z Key ques lions xelated._to“pryect_geals, | ri finales. "wales & sald a a Didhy ig the eitg—to-he developed”... i) Intuse on eke heeds yedSons. b piidblem ycleenns. ii) Hela: dehnne whethex_the cost din 1 belfoy}_que jvstified ii : 7 the moject aligns. uth culver agonizdlo: nal gaa ah be_tdonexin thig 2 mot 6 & ob ates eaten the ws we & OO Tdentifie ys ke by. the cusfaymer. ce aaa a-paojeckschedille: Uses guidelines to devine what tasks muskbe Gumle tec. se il it be compleded 2 i DIaec i dhe n the pioject will ‘each its final slage. 7 relne_plamning- setting mi ; : bites se Pov each acl embers. tS ean pees he piaeck.. Wl fe Ge | ; 5 | pay pot te pout of dhe_dkvelo 2D foe axe the y olga a ianally- locoledl 2 e 9 ill gently 2 — |i) describes He, ana & tech fal tai alse ig gle val “i, Hideislanmen mY o——glipiragees ofeach sesouyce ig needed! t ee—__| 7 Planned resousceS- Esti yeq. budget, time , Man Powe y , kinls § erates thee sr dan be onal with cual « “a ——$——_| lo | oT é Tene —6 — 94-6) lish & explain the ‘ae mebices in ate places _ ay ‘domain ss @ = #Metrices in. process Bi miojech cui : airs axe’ quantitative’ measutes used fy assess _¢ iggy peal s ——_|_acliitied. ey fc in Monitoang, 5 Canta Oa _impio ing: bith © the “Sho process bi the: Poject exctutioh a Types_of_pistyices::~ ess Metiics Defect density = No.of defects per size of cade 4. Rework lage = Amount oF eP foil Hine Spent oo_® fixing evors after ade review of esting. Is. Review cliche: = Peycerlage of Jota. Tas a eviews. & & dilsing- C (ses 2— [7 Elfoil esll eh time Hua desalices needed. Petson— hss, person - Months. | | (e-ge= IS) ol £ i. ao) define the eject ju, cope, hk Teasibility.. 3 2. schedile variance :-\.Diffeaence between actuat planned >) [Lt Schedule: bet" aclial % estimated, cost . | |3ncost wale = - diffesence, e Naped © : 4 Productivity. tale = ofP ped anit of ef Port — Loc/cay ox FP/peacan=month. iii 1a ie sy Ip tle as “of cantpleled. vs planned = pigieck_m plies Wo Sy Mihi a je =deeels found aller delivery o> | df! efecls= Wy opty hil Pe 3 ous by an i = C CSolliCe Usage. 3——__|i in easly 3 r aaa. a. # [Renefilg of usthg inate 544 ! wt 7 LY Prov ides:\ objective da 6_clecisioh + dlepisia taking. a UR ent of plcess t piadul > iit) Helps vin aa deke ten cE publ. i) Si YS Ss Uo eT D. I 2 w) suppa lity assusance “2 pyc planning. 5 o#35) EEL onuin the piaec mana.germenk life ace @ 3 Vertic is a stiilcluyed “appstacich Used a 3 pie cl alt beg! nding a ene. : te idea. chage tp ais Ful penplétohe 3 fi) Each phase"\has is own objectives ,cleliveiabes, h a achivities- 3 i (nition, ) Ss Vit PH a (Closure). “Praiect Canning) a 7 Planage ment at 5 \ Ie cycle S Execulian) - (Floniloving: ke a 7 3 Sscutnling A 3 = Step 1| Taitia Hon = =QIdentiFy stakehdldess Y) eats “a project char Meg: Tn a yw project, daly decid Dd yet necessary mpptoldls - Jo formally begat the paoect- fey, 30 fart fey 1H Guile of Es ; lecldin geSauKes: iden isks b plon_f_aisk monopement — 7 st Hleslenes i_define doles: ae es. ‘ ¥) €.9 2 ‘eaki Ie. 5 ul £ See _tadul's «lain, piaduck_list . che choutt_,ete- “Step 3:1 terufin 3 ; : ety ort the ackual pager! soak based on the lan. i moidingte tasks along the earn. € Communicate piagtess“b manage Sesauyces CLhiely. © i) e.g :~ loi i Ss i . them . % paepaxing dep by ment. Sep 4: | Pronitoying i ) Gack the pujecPs “pesbimance th DIOGsess. | i) Gmpase artical moxk! with the piofec t dlan- ii) Finke cachustmenic iF theve Aye delabs, mot AUeTIINS, of Seape changes. eg: detecting. that a_ttedule is behind schedule & ‘assigning ” tasks of tatending the dead line. Sten 62 | closure > )Enalze all_ackuilies © delves the completed i) Get castomey aypowil & ch se conta paojec wey the Final mMinuwals & “training + the cli lit) anduct a post In) e-g— handly 7 stoduc acts. yeview 9 dee e-Commerce iets lanings. ppl” with # “impotld nce of Pre: eles manage coptp| jects Step -by Shep. improves Claaty,’ conta. & oyedichahilay. lit) Ensuaes Yesouates optimization —__lv) Enhames quality iy" 1 client Sai slaction. 99RVRaeeergaicgkrtertaionnaneiroanananeinog5 944) pare wih appiorpriale eg. how Schedule can be oie . QO. ~~ T Pre apricot management tool used to (eA oa eee within @ = : ] 2 \ ae a aspen hel pfu when the tine. FEG* 40 de_ : 1 a 4 gpl sy v demas oF ERT-3 Wt / a 2 I@ pF ee letion cf a tock. 2 O Activities Ss) > Tasks shot consume jme 7) —— Yesounes - cdl of objec ive_of PERI Zz 2 i D) a Dhiee 2 L®) To_idlen ily ths caifical path that ee 7 et yjeck_ditsation. walk $ Mee 2 PERT. excl f=» 3 TE =_0+ 4P1+P, 7 | 6 B opal Fin liae sh Goapele the ack 3 * optimistic time (o)+ Min-dime to Complete the ciclivts 3 ~ ask ely ime Cr) hes eslial of fine Jey. * 5 + Ressimishic_dime (p): Min. time needed i everything 2 Yaw song. 2 g Steps + “prepare schedule using PERT 3 slepQ+ Lish dll mel Cd dehieaces sO Folimale a, 11, P tis etich_dclivity 3 =| Calculote TE using the frmulla. 2. @-|piaw the: PERT_nelwork dig (nodes= evens, aivains = a Adtuliies). b- nti | i 3 (a cal: the” d akon of ‘each rath by sug the TE : of activities . oe 3: |Ise the schedule Rat Ppiojech mon Hoang. & Cold 2 oN 3 ‘Activit y A laalect Articles | lone ——B__| ea article A Gi i | : i i pf Resign layout eS ———|PERT eluaké ciagaai Bs slat] Description | Pyedecessed eee Begs» publishing college magazine. 4 m nana l N yi Pp ay hs fo = “3-0 bs pS RERES ° }Bnal yeview | Roc Os Iho Abi befor ey i S by ty Piloting ee ls | (A i GllecE agticles TE = 40 anit ae 4 ie 1 (B) Cc) at aptteles — design layout TE= 2-0 y TES S07 ‘Advanlages—> i) BeHey Hine estimation. vy (9) Final, Yevew TE= 2-0 1 (e) 1 PaINING TE=35 Vv tend 6) Paths +5 AP BIDE = 442 4243-5 = Bs IADCHOE = 44 342425 = the pitaject . il) dente coitica) tasks fo Aol. (2.5 units # the langest path ,So e $_cuiticalpaih_oF boadoobaceesanannaaamannanadanha Rin i delays. i ave le eid wlcleinia4 June 26 9-3-4) G3. iia is ag by carplin ps % aussi Explain~ifee— Edd d ae | a © >| - fy = iP selors aa ta |_ af Compenents in_a “sly systern. Li i 0 Wie selieS on cinothey. — “3 1s f i iN i r " al | modules axe as ide peed fs possible, which helps ie ake the system mote ilesible % casiex to maintain. ~3 3 ‘Types_of cotfplingy ~S oli Li EC ind It ledg ¢ 3 cf ancthey module. 3 iG. 7 oe N= de Bi “3 inlesfaces of APIs. = benefits 2 @) Flexibility 3) Maintainabil ly 3 | | Sater hl i = facuse 2 —-ledependentiye ms | Hest lad Faun cuted fe a <3 &®ao ———— -9:3.9 | <— > # .. 4. ———| —__| Ore funchionayiies by adding new) modules with Minimal impact. tes) 5. Tesiing & ang high cohesion, simples e sing fei € LAlhat is the impovlance af sla desig whatkcrwe lypes © Sn i asses e be mottdnce of sha desig. h = € IL. Sin desig is cai Loy. eu alg sate of e }—the final quoduck be Pare i = | a ee Lave -accititely Xe ————5.uithout proper_design , ib system Ma hecope “aah vec. le. ind | Types of Fesioh classes & Lr Isex Totexface (vL) classes —> Hoc at all_indemctons c be i i = ox ‘dala _of the system. eg customer ,osden- 3. ee chsse jane the aac bale vey oF CAPPER K KAD _ i # | 9.4 al Expat nde me aschictectuaal cksign coompom ent leve | 5 ow Opie d ‘an _& inhezituice a aa , = 3. desiqned ot Yeusabilily & miicinaily = e lente @ = 5 clea espe = o| _ 6666666 ie y 1 Ay. ay hones he, the. de ektions hips, ber Te Major 2. a les, se fel” sty. of te sit een thes i 2 maa Scalability Y ane 13+ AX de si Aae_d plied to tiem ponent eel design ith hs vi 7. Py focuses. on santa en“ aed Cente (mdde S dsiped ath Hse Tyla cll flow, & algorithms in _mind- m tse_makes Use _of Class ~based | ns i ee wT co a ae ces alia at iga? \ [shutout 1. sho _ois ast. of systems which consists of _vayials enpantls sncilly- visibk paopeaties oF these omponaits & “the in ey= Zellonsip cunang {hese_entpenent's. —__ 3. WAS. iS Sovimp?”. k | ies dhe senaesenlation of the_c compe \ Nased ay aysle Hhadis to tbe sbuill GAD Dee ae we oe ale oi Fi) Same ently sip. deine ke sing Th i) “the sho ves a cena le tect, 2 ee te ich iso be bulk. 4 fated dig is. Pgh level visual jepson — 2 of how asha_sysien ntevads with its exlednal_enlities. 2 Pa aOR lem as ad_black box % highlights: ee es of Psst Ae et 2 _o&xteinal_acloxs_of systems sl -+ Tain inkes faces a i 2 “%, 4 ice dS-Puspose of az. context dig. Mo cl 5h haunt laxify syslem ho és ii it i jevnal tent ie dnp neil of how 4 the Lae lo os ie ed_envitonoenk fed ee i ys Lah bhe Maar ig € pn documents. sh Scope Jo r ici? plod Sia *F a S g in! cdgade T commands | US Y Dsphy v into Z Gy ATPL \~ painted? tn & Customey display keynad | Sislem Fk aamning?, % io 4, “Yog 8 frainlout | Mdis pensey | [condaal fee. inko Wing Lash =} Sy Ste Mm disen seq ) Accounts: Lda labase g-4-0) short ole on “in HACE an Wai! eal ce cttalyst eh ae lysis. + idendinestb j._if specifies all inlexac lon_pls. bet” exlesnal_eniilies. ten inde andi 2. with user: athey. syslens. define were nts. a) detect if pends inlegacttio pis a alate cvslicletetdcel zit 5. Tmpyae , tsabihity & ind inle paces ape 6 Types 0 pet j system: in bee the _usex baadape the « aal\nSe desi th extesnal h/d- AV gd model ef Wsysier interface {- imlevaction bei" 2 Sid SySlems of Wi) Wed inte Face camara het "slo ® psa heices. lodules of oy Ay 1 hientace ce Sigh hehaviox of the’ interfaces. Yn ay dhe" as ara Models define the stx. appecmance , h 2. the se_madel ais ae nsuves_the system is usable. acre sible % meets the Sunctiona equine mer s- 3S-Types > : i i) se UT “Scyeens, Navigatich flow, & Clements like bald - fom. i io i ponents iteyact i) data flow digs *- Shou how dca moves ‘het" components ® external a tems. : iv) Segue t= Sho; ions bet? 2 omponedls ale fine. > #) pine fransistion dig's depnesern how the sy Siem 3 behaves in response la user i/P"s. 3 sw! 3:4) f spioble iomain E pli qidelnes st conpone Nt evel desig @ ode |- ii) the naming ~nverihin -should be esliblshed for compene nis: ii) The component hares sald be specified fiom dhe iw) these i, Me_Co names Showtld he maxnirig ful * Tatetlaces i) it Sene inp ik to anothey ob ret ale : cm” alabapln hi) this nec dicate hat the element to_which it i cameded_ ey tte ee eee offers the intesiuce, ww) Tt Should flow fiom left sie of component yonly imp intesiaces must he daawon.8. dependencies A nferfaces ->)the dlependencies must be i) ra a he should Je shown yom bottom (os ee en ae Component ineade pend jail be ——__| i j ~9:4-9) | descibe To 7g Used fox deplayme dig ‘ sce “the ———— ip, lance of de play a @ —==>|Nofifiong =! ———|1. Node => t |) a mde isa ahysical element that exists ck aun time i CC) : n D i) genéyally has at least some Memory “~~ some pocessing- ility-. ‘ 0) Cogs | f et [on seme? name “ - Components * ae i ie Fra paca of the al best. tions A [cesigndhen_cxe] | | frames ex __| i anaes ta Tema SS ‘4 a) Deparment TrIPPAPMEP PER TPR PEC Po HPN rao adage b—Nale x SPP PRMPRERPIOR RF wae SS ComPonent$—7_— =5 ee 3 fees eth rest conn gelationshi?. vd bt 1 g Wo Wig LL pa) the ae ta p-o-piysical tl sip_such > ee connecto hts“ : oi) ai RL yc* li) foy_d ilant_processas-the_ndiec connechens_such.as— | sue inunication can dls be_ Use. dk vie > ) e. gue S | 2 > (Toten = 1 a ; 1 ehheinebes sen +S IF 5 TT 3 L | 3. f 2 client 2 | f<> = LY 3. 3 #\Tmpowlance > i (A =/ 1 The_depla pment dip is used to repesent nae fe |__oF s/w elements “ ty warials h/w companents: « 5 = \2. this dig Ilustadles: the sunhime px £ hho 3 _ it is Used to model the m4 nid 9 b/w lepdopy_¢ d ; asystern = 4. } 1s, asa usedl fo Adel dis|sibuted. nelsials o yslems. 3. 5. 3 ented ys. | 3 { [ 7 gb) Ex i I" a. Ith _mesiis % demerits: @) 2 ') data - centered _ay- 4 ‘i dolaflow ag.» + = ) dala - cenleved at 2 Pn. this axs+the dala slo lies at the cenlse cf the_ay. 2g y I i 2 ~ delete x moclifyy ope Mg ve Ain wa t Si s a crm 2 Sata -celeved_ as. posses the poop.of inlerchangeabiliy. Ss 3 ~ ZL® Tn this the dala cn be passed aon the, components. Sra this components ave «database e Tables , queries- ments suc c 4 —___l¢ Teheakslu fas fo Neouesk centeal dia at ae —— sia ai sh). fiyin (v Sa nee ea awe cia he iE Lsiwit] —— May seh {t= Lenits —> J Ligh availa billy & seliabih Hye —t conics 7 hi én 99-9 i) ce | “Ta 0 E “Yo — Maintain Syslett in ate bean H)_Scalabiliy = infiasty- con qxow with business needs _ by. afi ie Sexieis, Stayage eto. i ¥| z io delerton ensyre data safely. HRHinnnr mamin nm anmaninmn ma aimee a .! & ink veaformance oplimiztlion = hin peat Kw A oplinked ni _kiyouls: hy deni 8 ‘igh cosh mala] selttp 8 maintenance dala_ceflens | Uedy hic iS te a ee 1 yeg Constant. Peniforine ft a A to_handle hw /siw_ issues, lowntimne ish gee thigh 2a hw. Failure appa paso casi: lala flow as :~ = i} consume ee aenoutits of S & € — & s & & € & & = = & S =aou Zz 2 Ay ( ¢ on a lath she help of al ig. expli he i yanslate the nents es| . 93-0) : model inko the desig model: => ol a 3) Found" foy design & development == acts as a hliepsint tay shu engineers. > guides haw systems ase built“ evolved. i) “supports scalability & pexfodmance + : = A_well- planned clit. handles growth use ys efficiently. ii) Ensures” maintainability & xeusability2— clas _senatation of omponents allows easiey i) Facilitates Communication = Helps developers clients. stakeholders undevshal® the system cledaly - € v) Risk. Manage ment 2 identifies “fechnical tisks eadly. Ax. decision excyiption templale* an ws deckion “descsiptian template Is a. slandandzed d rineneerer nore ne cio¢m t FRA & ural decisions © «& dociient that cvplutis key aachifec of decisions.#\vse of ad-decisicn template = 2 Rend. densits => bares cae choices- Lt 1&9 chosing database , Framework. ah 2. Tdsti wecisans Provides feasoning. hebiad each _— | decision. 3. Tmpiove Cmmunicction > Helps team members understand 1 aychitectuyal lis”. : 4. Es f —~ itecluial thinking: | consistent accioss’ teams. 15. Facilitate futuse Maintenance => Future developers ul i i | oe -b) | Pro, | | |