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Chapter 03 - Image Processing and Acquisition using Python_Part5

The document discusses various image formats, focusing on TIFF and DICOM. TIFF is a versatile format for storing high-precision images, particularly in scientific applications, while DICOM is a standard for medical imaging that includes patient and acquisition data. Both formats support various compression methods and are widely used in their respective fields.

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Choky Aconk
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5 views

Chapter 03 - Image Processing and Acquisition using Python_Part5

The document discusses various image formats, focusing on TIFF and DICOM. TIFF is a versatile format for storing high-precision images, particularly in scientific applications, while DICOM is a standard for medical imaging that includes patient and acquisition data. Both formats support various compression methods and are widely used in their respective fields.

Uploaded by

Choky Aconk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Image and Its Properties 45

and DICOM may use JPEG compression to store the image data when
compression is needed.

3.3.2 TIFF

TIFF stands for Tagged Image File Format. Its extension is .tif or
.tiff. The latest version of the TIFF standards is 6.0. It was created in
the 80’s for storing and encoding scanned documents. It was developed
by Aldus Corporation, which was later acquired by Adobe Systems.
Hence, the copyright for TIFF standards is held by Adobe Systems.
Originally it was developed for single-bit data but today’s standards
allow storage of 16-bit and even floating-point data. Charged Couple
Device (CCD) cameras used in scientific experiments acquire images at
more than 12-bit resolution and hence TIFF images that store high pre-
cision are used extensively. The TIFF images can be stored internally
using JPEG lossy compression or can be stored with lossless compres-
sion such as LZW.
It is popular in the microscope community for the fact that it has
higher bit-depth (> 12 bits) per pixel per channel and also for its abil-
ity to store a sequence of images in a single TIFF file. The latter is
sometimes referred as 3D TIFF. Most of the popular image processing
software for the microscope community can read most forms of TIFF
images. Simple TIFF images can be viewed using viewers built into
most computers. The TIFF images generated from scientific experi-
ments are best viewed using applications that are specialized in that
domain.

3.3.3 DICOM

Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) is a


standard format for encoding and transmitting medical CT and MRI
data. This format stores the image information along with other data
like patient details, acquisition parameters etc. DICOM images are used
by doctors in various disciplines such as radiology, neurology, surgery,
cardiology, oncology, etc. There are more than 20 DICOM committees
46 Image Processing and Acquisition using Python

that meet and update the standards 4 or 5 times a year. It is managed


by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), which
owns the copyright of the DICOM standards.
DICOM format uses tested tools such as JPEG, MPEG, TCP/IP
for its internal working. This allows easier deployment and creation of
DICOM tools. DICOM standards also define the transfer of images,
storage, and other allied workflows. Since DICOM standards have
become popular, many image processing readers and viewers have been
created to read, process and write images.
DICOM images have header as well as image data similar to
other image formats. But, unlike other format headers, the DICOM
header contains not only information about the size of the image, pixel
size, etc., but also patient information, physician information, imag-
ing parameters, etc. The image data may be compressed using various
techniques like JPEG, lossless JPEG, run length encoding (RLE), etc.
Unlike other formats, DICOM standards define both the data format
and also the protocol for transfer.
The listing below is a partial example of a DICOM header. The
patient and doctor information have been either removed or altered for
privacy. Section 0010 contains patient information, section 0009 details
the CT machine used for acquiring the image, and section 0018 details
the parameter of acquisition, etc.

0008,0022 Acquisition Date: 20120325


0008,0023 Image Date: 20120325
0008,0030 Study Time: 130046
0008,0031 Series Time: 130046
0008,0032 Acquisition Time: 130105
0008,0033 Image Time: 130108
0008,0050 Accession Number:
0008,0060 Modality: CT
0008,0070 Manufacturer: GE MEDICAL SYSTEMS
0008,0080 Institution Name: ----------------------

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