1. Define business analytics in simple words.

​
Business Analytics is the process of using data, statistical tools, and models to analyze
business performance and make better decisions.​
Example: A company analyzes sales data to find the most popular product.

2. Point out the three types of business analytics.​

The three types are:

●​ Descriptive Analytics – What happened?​

●​ Predictive Analytics – What might happen?​

●​ Prescriptive Analytics – What should we do?​

Example: Descriptive tells past sales, predictive forecasts future demand, and
prescriptive suggests inventory actions.​

3. Brief on composition of business analyst team?​

A business analyst team includes:

●​ Business Analyst – Understands business needs​

●​ Data Analyst – Works on data processing​

●​ Data Scientist – Builds models and predictions​

●​ IT Staff – Supports technical systems​

Example: In a retail firm, they work together to improve customer targeting.​

4. What are the four pillars of business analytics?​

The four pillars are:

1.​ Data Quality​

2.​ Technology & Tools​

3.​ Analytical Techniques​

 4.​ Business Understanding​
Example: Good data and tools help in making accurate sales forecasts.​

5. What are the purposes of descriptive analytics?​

Descriptive analytics helps to:

●​ Summarize past data​

●​ Understand patterns and trends​

Example: A company checks monthly sales reports to track performance.​

6. State any two tools of descriptive analytics.​

Two tools are:

1.​ Microsoft Excel – For charts and tables​

2.​ Tableau – For interactive data visualization​

Example: Using Excel to make a sales pie chart.​

7. What is predictive analytics with examples?​

Predictive Analytics uses historical data and statistical models to forecast future events.​
Example: A bank uses customer data to predict who might default on a loan.

8. List out the four steps in predictive analytics.​

The four steps are:

1.​ Define the problem​

2.​ Collect and prepare data​

3.​ Build predictive models​

4.​ Interpret and validate results​

Example: A hospital predicts patient readmissions using patient records.​
9. Define prescriptive analytics.​
Prescriptive Analytics recommends the best actions to achieve desired outcomes using
optimization and simulation.​
Example: An airline uses it to decide ticket pricing for profit maximization.

10. Distinguish predictive and prescriptive analytics.

Predictive Analytics Prescriptive Analytics

Forecasts future outcomes Suggests actions to achieve best

outcomes

Uses historical data and models Uses optimization and rules-based

techniques

Example: Predicting sales next month vs. suggesting

how much to produce.

1. What is the competitive advantage of Business Analytics?

Business Analytics provides a competitive advantage by helping businesses make faster,

smarter, and data-driven decisions, which improves efficiency and customer satisfaction.​
Example: Amazon uses analytics to personalize product recommendations, gaining an edge
over competitors.

2. Difference between Data and Information

Data Information

Raw facts and figures Processed data with meaning

Example: "100, 200, 150" (sales Example: "Sales increased by 20% this
units) month"

3. Explain the meaning of Long-Driven Model with examples.

A Long-Driven Model (also known as Data-Driven Model) focuses on using large volumes of
data to discover patterns and make decisions.​
Example: Netflix uses viewing history (big data) to suggest movies through machine learning
models.

4. State two Prescriptive Analytics tools with examples

1.​ IBM Decision Optimization – Recommends best schedules, prices, or plans.​

Example: Used by airlines to optimize flight crew scheduling.​

2.​ Google OR-Tools – Open-source tool for solving optimization problems.​

Example: Used in logistics to find shortest delivery routes.​

1. Define Business Analytics. (Level 1 – CO1)

Business Analytics is the process of using data, statistical methods, and technologies to
analyze business performance and support decision-making.​
Example: Analyzing customer buying trends to improve marketing.

2. Define Data in Business Analytics. (Level 2 – CO1)

Data refers to raw facts and figures collected from various sources. In Business Analytics, it is
the base used for analysis, modeling, and decision-making.​
Example: Sales numbers, website clicks, customer feedback.

3. List the Structure of BA. (Level 1 – CO1)

●​ Data Source​

●​ Data Management​

●​ Analytical Tools​

●​ Decision Support System​

●​ Business Decision Output​

4. List the Effects of BA in Today’s World. (Level 1 – CO1)

●​ Improved decision-making​

●​ Competitive advantage​

●​ Cost reduction​

●​ Enhanced customer experience​

●​ Forecasting future trends​

5. List some Applications of Business Analytics. (Level 3 – CO1)

●​ Inventory management​

●​ Customer segmentation​

●​ Fraud detection​

●​ Risk management​

●​ Marketing strategy development​

6. List the Types of Business Analytics. (Level 3 – CO1)

●​ Descriptive Analytics​

●​ Predictive Analytics​

●​ Prescriptive Analytics​

7. What is the Importance of Studying Business Analytics? (Level 2 – CO1)

Studying Business Analytics helps understand how to use data-driven insights to improve
business performance, solve problems, and make strategic decisions.
8. Define Data Mining. (Level 1 – CO1)

Data Mining is the process of extracting useful patterns and knowledge from large sets of
data using statistical and computational methods.

9. Explain the Benefits of DBMS. (Level 3 – CO1)

●​ Easy data access and management​

●​ Data security and integrity​

●​ Avoids data redundancy​

●​ Supports multi-user environment​

●​ Backup and recovery​

10. List some Applications of DBMS with Examples. (Level 1 – CO1)

●​ Banking systems (e.g., SBI database)​

●​ E-commerce (e.g., Amazon product database)​

●​ Hospital records​

●​ University management systems​

11. Explain the Difference Between Data and Information. (Level 2 – CO1)

●​ Data: Raw, unorganized facts (e.g., 100, 200)​

●​ Information: Processed data that is meaningful (e.g., “Sales increased by 100 units”)​
12. What are the 2 Types of Data? (Level 1 – CO1)

●​ Qualitative Data (e.g., names, colors)​

●​ Quantitative Data (e.g., prices, scores)​

13. Discuss How Technology Influences the BA Students. (Level 3 – CO1)

Technology equips students with data tools, enhances analytical skills, and prepares them to
use AI, machine learning, and visualization tools like Power BI, Python, and R in real-world
decision-making.

14. Explain the Meaning of Anomaly Detection. (Level 1 – CO1)

Anomaly Detection is the process of identifying unusual patterns or outliers in data that do not
conform to expected behavior.​
Example: Detecting fraud transactions in banking.

15. Differentiate Between Data Warehouse and Data Mart. (Level 1 – CO1)
Feature Data Warehouse Data Mart

Scope Organization-wide Department-specific

Size Large Small

Purpos Centralized data Specific business

e storage function

16. What are the Types of Data Mining Technology? (Level 1 – CO1)

●​ Classification​

●​ Clustering​

●​ Regression​
 ●​ Association Rule Mining​

●​ Anomaly Detection​

17. Explain the Difference Between Data Quality and Data Security. (Level 1
– CO1)
Concept Meaning

Data Quality Accuracy, completeness, consistency of data

Data Security Protection of data from unauthorized access or

breach

18. List any 5 Important Tools and Terminologies in Business Analytics.

(Level 1 – CO1)

●​ ETL (Extract, Transform, Load)​

●​ OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)​

●​ Dashboard​

●​ Predictive Modeling​

●​ Data Warehouse​

19. What is the Meaning of ETL? (Level 1 – CO1)

ETL stands for Extract, Transform, Load. It is the process of extracting data, converting it into
usable format, and loading it into databases or data warehouses.

20. What is the Meaning of OLAP? (Level 1 – CO1)

OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) allows users to analyze data from multiple perspectives
using multi-dimensional queries, often for reporting and dashboards.
1. Define a Business Personnel. (Level 1 – CO2)

A Business Personnel refers to an individual involved in managing, analyzing, or interpreting

business data to help in strategic decision-making.

2. Explain the Role of Statistics in Business Analytics. (Level 2 – CO2)

Statistics helps in collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data. It is essential in

identifying trends, forecasting outcomes, and making data-driven decisions.

3. Distinguish Between Internal Data and External Data. (Level 4 – CO2)

Basis Internal Data External Data

Source Within the organization Outside the organization

Example Sales reports, employee Market trends, social media

records data

4. Analyze the Types of Internal Data. (Level 4 – CO2)

●​ Financial Data – revenue, expenses, profit margins​

●​ Operational Data – production, supply chain, logistics​

●​ Employee Data – HR records, performance metrics​

●​ Customer Data – billing, purchase history​

5. What are the Different Types of Customer Demographics? (Level 2 –

CO2)

●​ Age​
 ●​ Gender​

●​ Income Level​

●​ Education​

●​ Marital Status​

●​ Occupation​
These help in customer segmentation and targeted marketing.​

6. What is the Meaning of Data Privacy? (Level 1 – CO2)

Data Privacy means protecting personal or sensitive data from unauthorized access and
ensuring it is used ethically and legally.

7. Define Data Issues. (Level 1 – CO2)

Data Issues refer to problems in data such as inaccuracy, inconsistency, incompleteness,

duplication, or outdated information that affect analysis quality.

8. Distinguish Between Data Quality and Data Privacy. (Level 2 – CO2)

Basis Data Quality Data Privacy

Focus Accuracy and reliability of data Protection and confidentiality of data

Purpos To ensure analysis is correct To prevent unauthorized access or

e misuse

9. Define Billing and Reminder Systems in Detail. (Level 1 – CO2)

These are systems that automate invoices, payments, and send reminders to customers
about due bills or subscription renewals, improving revenue collection.
10. What are the Types of External Data? (Level 1 – CO2)

●​ Market research reports​

●​ Government publications​

●​ Competitor data​

●​ Social media content​

●​ News and industry trends​

11. Define ERP and Its Important Functions. (Level 1 – CO2)

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is software that integrates business processes such as
finance, HR, supply chain, and inventory to improve coordination.

12. List the Advantages of High Quality Data. (Level 1 – CO2)

●​ Accurate decision-making​

●​ Reduced errors​

●​ Improved customer satisfaction​

●​ Better forecasting​

●​ Enhanced operational efficiency​

13. Differentiate the Term Analytics and Information System. (Level 2 –

CO2)
Term Analytics Information System

Purpos Data analysis and insights Collecting, processing, and managing

e data
 Output Recommendations and Data storage and communication
trends

14. Define the BA Personnel Components. (Level 2 – CO2)

●​ Business Users – Use reports and insights​

●​ Data Analysts – Interpret and model data​

●​ Data Engineers – Manage data infrastructure​

●​ IT Support – Maintain tools and software​

●​ Project Managers – Coordinate analytics initiatives​

15. What is the Role of a Designer? (Level 1 – CO2)

A Designer in BA creates user-friendly dashboards, reports, and visualizations that make

data insights easier to understand and act upon.

16. What is the Role of Web Logs? (Level 1 – CO2)

Web logs track user activities on a website (like clicks, time spent), helping businesses
understand customer behavior and improve web performance.

17. Who are Called Technical Specialists in Business Analytics? (Level 1 –

CO2)

They are experts in data tools, programming, and systems who manage data integration,
system architecture, and provide technical support for analytics.

18. What is the Role of a Business Developer? (Level 2 – CO2)

A Business Developer identifies new opportunities, partnerships, and markets, using data to
guide growth strategies and improve business outcomes.

19. Define Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems. (Level 1 –

CO2)

CRM systems manage a company’s interactions with customers by tracking sales, service
issues, and communication to improve customer satisfaction and loyalty.

20. What is DBMS? (Level 1 – CO2)

A DBMS (Database Management System) is software that stores, manages, and retrieves
data efficiently while ensuring data security and integrity.

1. What is Descriptive Analytic Analysis? (Level 1 – CO3)

Descriptive Analytics summarizes historical data using charts, tables, mean, median, mode,
etc., to understand what happened in the past.​
Example: Average monthly sales of a product.

2. Differentiate Mean, Median and Mode. (Level 2 – CO3)

Measure Description Example (Data: 10, 20, 20, 30, 40)

Mean Average of all values (10+20+20+30+40)/5 = 24

Median Middle value when arranged in order 20

Mode Most frequent value 20

3. Determine the Meaning of Range, Variance and Co-variance. (Level 3 –

CO3)

●​ Range: Difference between highest and lowest value.​

 ●​ Variance: Average squared deviation from the mean.​

●​ Covariance: Measures how two variables change together.​

4. Determine the Uses of Sorting and Filtering. (Level 1 – CO3)

●​ Sorting arranges data (ascending/descending) to identify trends.​

●​ Filtering helps display only required data, hiding irrelevant entries.​

5. What are the Different Data Sorting Techniques? (Level 2 – CO3)

●​ Ascending/Descending Sort​

●​ Custom Sort​

●​ Multi-Level Sort​

●​ Alphabetical Sorting​

●​ Numeric Sorting​

6. List the Types of Measures of Dispersion. (Level 2 – CO3)

●​ Range​

●​ Variance​

●​ Standard Deviation​

●​ Mean Deviation​

●​ Quartile Deviation​
7. What is the Meaning of Correlation? (Level 1 – CO3)

Correlation is a statistical measure that shows the strength and direction of the relationship
between two variables.​
Example: Height and weight.

8. Differentiate Covariance and Variance. (Level 2 – CO3)

Basis Covariance Variance

Variables Involves two variables Involves one variable

Purpose Measures joint variability Measures spread from

mean

9. Determine the Types of Probability Distribution. (Level 1 – CO3)

●​ Discrete Distribution: Binomial, Poisson​

●​ Continuous Distribution: Normal (Gaussian), Exponential​

10. Determine the Formula for Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation and
Quartile Deviation. (Level 1 – CO3)

●​ Mean Deviation = ∑∣x−xˉ∣n\frac{\sum |x - \bar{x}|}{n}n∑∣x−xˉ∣​​

●​ Standard Deviation = ∑(x−xˉ)2n\sqrt{\frac{\sum (x - \bar{x})^2}{n}}n∑(x−xˉ)2​​

●​ Quartile Deviation = Q3−Q12\frac{Q_3 - Q_1}{2}2Q3​−Q1​​

11. What are the Characteristics of a Good Sample? (Level 3 – CO3)

●​ Representativeness​

●​ Accuracy​
 ●​ Adequate size​

●​ Unbiased selection​

●​ Homogeneity within the group​

12. List the Benefits of Gaussian Distribution in Continuous Distribution

Concepts. (Level 3 – CO3)

●​ Symmetrical and easy to interpret​

●​ Basis for many statistical tests​

●​ Helps in calculating probabilities​

●​ Predicts behavior of random variables​

13. What is Platykurtic Measures of Shape? (Level 1 – CO3)

Platykurtic refers to a flat-topped distribution curve with lighter tails, indicating fewer
extreme values than a normal distribution.

1. What is Predictive Analytics? (Level 1 – CO4)

Predictive Analytics uses historical data, statistical techniques, and machine learning to
forecast future outcomes.​
Example: Predicting customer churn or future sales.

2. What are the Key Factors of Predictive Analytics? (Level 1 – CO4)

●​ Quality of historical data​

●​ Statistical or machine learning models​

●​ Data preprocessing​
 ●​ Interpretation and validation of models​

3. Define the Term Predictive Modeling. (Level 2 – CO4)

Predictive Modeling is the process of creating mathematical models to predict future

outcomes based on input data patterns.​
Example: Linear regression model to predict house prices.

4. Analyse the Term Modelling in Predictive Process. (Level 4 – CO4)

Modelling involves using algorithms and techniques (like regression, classification, clustering)
to identify relationships in data and build a model that can predict future values.

5. Define Monitoring in Predictive Process. (Level 1 – CO4)

Monitoring involves regularly evaluating the performance of predictive models to ensure

accuracy and relevance over time, especially as new data is generated.

6. Define the Process of Fish Bone Diagram in Predictive Modelling. (Level

1 – CO4)

Fish Bone Diagram (Ishikawa Diagram) is a visual tool used to identify possible causes of a
problem. In predictive modeling, it helps identify variables and factors influencing the
predicted outcome.

7. What are the Key Aspects of Logic Driven Model in Predictive Analytics?
(Level 1 – CO4)

●​ Based on if-then rules and logical conditions​

●​ Uses expert knowledge rather than data-driven methods​

●​ Often used in fraud detection, diagnostics, etc.​

8. Analyse the Influence Diagram in Predictive Analytics. (Level 4 – CO4)

An Influence Diagram is a graphical representation of decisions, variables, and outcomes.

It shows dependencies and helps in strategic decision-making using predictive insights.

9. Differentiate Neural Networks with Discriminant Analysis. (Level 3 – CO4)

Criteria Neural Networks Discriminant Analysis

Nature Non-linear, flexible model Linear model

Learning Learns from data (machine Statistical, based on

learning) assumptions

Accuracy High with large data Lower with complex data

Usage Image, speech recognition Simple classification problems

10. Define K-Mean Clustering, Hierarchical Clustering, Agglomerative and

Divisive Clustering. (Level 1 – CO4)

●​ K-Means Clustering: Partitions data into k clusters based on distance.​

●​ Hierarchical Clustering: Builds a tree (dendrogram) of clusters.​

●​ Agglomerative: Bottom-up approach, each item starts as a cluster and merges.​

●​ Divisive: Top-down approach, starts with one cluster and splits it.​

1. What is Prescriptive Analytics? (Level 1 – CO5)

Prescriptive Analytics recommends the best course of action using data, mathematical
models, and algorithms to optimize decision-making.​
Example: Suggesting the best delivery route to minimize fuel cost.
2. Define the Purpose of Prescriptive Analytics. (Level 2 – CO5)

The purpose is to provide actionable recommendations based on data to help

decision-makers choose optimal solutions in complex scenarios.

3. Differentiate Linear Optimization and Non-Linear Models. (Level 1 – CO5)

Basis Linear Optimization Non-Linear Models

Relationship Linear equations Curved/non-linear relationships

Complexity Easier to solve More complex with multiple solutions

Example Resource allocation Portfolio optimization with risks

problem

4. Explain Decision Making Data Driven Model in Detail. (Level 2 – CO5)

This model uses historical and real-time data to make structured decisions. Techniques
include optimization, simulation, and rule-based systems to enhance business outcomes.

5. What are the Challenges Faced by Prescriptive Analytics? (Level 1 –

CO5)

●​ Data quality and integration​

●​ Complex modeling requirements​

●​ High computational cost​

●​ Resistance to adopting AI-driven decisions​

6. Define Non-Linear Optimization Data Driven Models. (Level 1 – CO5)

These models involve non-linear equations or constraints, used when real-world

relationships are not linear.​
Example: Maximizing profits with variable demand and cost functions.
7. Evaluate the Process of Building Linear Optimization Models. (Level 3 –
CO5)

1.​ Define objective function (e.g., maximize profit)​

2.​ Identify decision variables​

3.​ Formulate constraints (e.g., budget, capacity)​

4.​ Solve using linear programming techniques (Simplex method)​

5.​ Interpret and implement results​

8. What is the Meaning of Simulation? (Level 2 – CO5)

Simulation is the process of creating a virtual model of a system to test scenarios and
predict outcomes without affecting the real-world process.​
Example: Simulating customer wait times in a bank.

9. Define the Rule-Based Technique in Prescriptive Analytic Analysis.

(Level 1 – CO5)

Rule-Based Technique uses if-then logic rules derived from expert knowledge to automate
decision-making.​
Example: "If inventory < 10, then reorder stock."

10. What are the Applications of Simulation Modelling? (Level 1 – CO5)

●​ Inventory management​

●​ Queue optimization (banks, hospitals)​

●​ Supply chain planning​

●​ Risk analysis in finance​