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Lab 8 and 9 - Array

The document explains arrays as a data structure for storing multiple values accessible by index, with examples of single-dimensional, two-dimensional, ragged, and multi-dimensional arrays in Java. It also demonstrates the use of the forEach method with arrays converted into streams. Each array type serves different purposes based on data complexity and manipulation needs.

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6 views4 pages

Lab 8 and 9 - Array

The document explains arrays as a data structure for storing multiple values accessible by index, with examples of single-dimensional, two-dimensional, ragged, and multi-dimensional arrays in Java. It also demonstrates the use of the forEach method with arrays converted into streams. Each array type serves different purposes based on data complexity and manipulation needs.

Uploaded by

saweranadeem693
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An array is a data structure used to store multiple values in a single variable, where each value

can be accessed using an index. The elements in an array are typically of the same type (e.g.,
integers, strings).

Example:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

●​ Here, fruits is an array (or list in java).​

●​ It contains three elements: "apple", "banana", and "cherry".​

●​ The first element "apple" is at index 0, "banana" is at index 1, and "cherry" is at


index 2.​

Arrays are useful for organizing and managing collections of data efficiently.

Using forEach with Arrays (Streams)

In the case of arrays, you can convert them into a stream and then use forEach.

import java.util.Arrays;

public class ForEachArrayExample {


public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] animals = {"Dog", "Cat", "Elephant"};

// Using lambda expression


Arrays.stream(animals).forEach(animal -> System.out.println(animal));

// Using method reference


Arrays.stream(animals).forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
Here are examples of the different types of arrays in Java:

1. Single-Dimensional Array

A single-dimensional array is just a simple array of values.

Example (Java):

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Single-dimensional array

int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

System.out.println(arr[2]); // Output: 3 (Accessing the 3rd element)

2. Two-Dimensional Array

A two-dimensional array is an array of arrays, often used to represent matrices or grids.

Example (Java):

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Two-dimensional array (2x3 matrix)

int[][] arr = {

{1, 2, 3},

{4, 5, 6}

};

System.out.println(arr[1][2]); // Output: 6 (Accessing element in 2nd row, 3rd column)


}

3. Ragged Array

A ragged array (or jagged array) is an array of arrays where the inner arrays can have different
lengths.

Example (Java):

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Ragged array (rows have different lengths)

int[][] arr = {

{1, 2, 3},

{4, 5},

{6, 7, 8, 9}

};

System.out.println(arr[2][3]); // Output: 9 (Accessing 4th element of 3rd row)

4. Multi-Dimensional Array

A multi-dimensional array is an array with more than two dimensions (like 3D arrays, 4D
arrays, etc.).

Example (Java):

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {


// Three-dimensional array (2x2x2)

int[][][] arr = {

{1, 2},

{3, 4}

},

{5, 6},

{7, 8}

};

System.out.println(arr[1][0][1]); // Output: 6 (Accessing element in 2nd block, 1st row, 2nd


column)

Summary:

●​ Single-Dimensional Array: A simple array (1D).​

●​ Two-Dimensional Array: Array of arrays (2D).​

●​ Ragged Array: Array of arrays with different sizes.​

●​ Multi-Dimensional Array: Arrays with more than two dimensions (3D, 4D, etc.).​

Each of these array types is useful depending on the complexity of the data and how you want
to store or manipulate it.

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