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Operators of Set

The document explains basic set operations including union, intersection, difference, and complement of sets, along with their definitions and examples. It also outlines properties of these operations such as commutative, associative, and distributive properties. Each operation is mathematically represented and illustrated with specific examples for clarity.

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Michelle Stallin
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6 views3 pages

Operators of Set

The document explains basic set operations including union, intersection, difference, and complement of sets, along with their definitions and examples. It also outlines properties of these operations such as commutative, associative, and distributive properties. Each operation is mathematically represented and illustrated with specific examples for clarity.

Uploaded by

Michelle Stallin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operators of Set

Union of Sets
If two sets A and B are given, then the union of A and B is equal to the set that contains all the elements

A ∪ B = {x: x ∈ A or x ∈ B}
present in set A and set B. This operation can be represented as;

Where x is the elements present in both Sets A and B.

Then, Union of sets, A ∪ B = {1,2,3,4,6,7}


Example: If set A = {1,2,3,4} and B {6,7}

Intersection of Sets
If two sets A and B are given, then the intersection of A and B is the subset of universal set U, which consist of

A∩B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∈ B}
elements common to both A and B. It is denoted by the symbol ‘∩’. This operation is represented by:

Where x is the common element of both sets A and B


The intersection of sets A and B, can also be interpreted as:
A∩B = n(A) + n(B) – n(A∪B)
Where,
n(A) = cardinal number of set A,
n(B) = cardinal number of set B,
n(A∪B) = cardinal number of union of set A and B.

Example: Let A = {1,2,3} and B = {3,4,5}


Then, A∩B = {3}; because 3 is common to both the sets.
Difference of Sets
If there are two sets A and B, then the difference of two sets A and B is equal to the set which consists
of elements present in A but not in B. It is represented by A-B.

Example: If A = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} and B = {6,7} are two sets.

Then, the difference of set A and set B is given by;

A – B = {1,2,3,4,5}

We can also say, that the difference of set A and set B is equal to the intersection of set A with the
complement of set B. Hence,

A−B=A∩B’

Complement of Set
If U is a universal set and X is any subset of U then the complement of X is the set of all elements of the
set U apart from the elements of X.
X′ = {a : a ∈ U and a ∉ A}
Example: U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
A = {1,2,5,6}
Then, complement of A will be;
A’ = {3,4,7,8}
Properties of Set Operations

A∪B=B∪A
Commutative Property

A∩B=B∩A

A ∪ (B ∪ C) = (A ∪ B) ∪ C
Associative Property

A ∩ (B ∩ C) = (A ∩ B) ∩ C

A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
Distributive Property

A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)

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