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Module 21 Reading 11

The document outlines the importance of teaching students to read and evaluate arguments effectively, emphasizing that this skill is essential for personal and societal development. It categorizes claims into three types: Fact, Value, and Policy, providing definitions and examples for each. The text also highlights the need for resources and training in the educational system to empower learners in analyzing texts and forming informed opinions.

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reiddell12
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11 views3 pages

Module 21 Reading 11

The document outlines the importance of teaching students to read and evaluate arguments effectively, emphasizing that this skill is essential for personal and societal development. It categorizes claims into three types: Fact, Value, and Policy, providing definitions and examples for each. The text also highlights the need for resources and training in the educational system to empower learners in analyzing texts and forming informed opinions.

Uploaded by

reiddell12
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NAME: ___________________________ (ALWAYS WRITE YOU NAME)

SECTION : _________________
Module No.: 21 Reading and Writing
Date: April 4-8, 2022

TYPES OF CLAIMS IN A WELL WRITTEN TEXT

Students are expected to be able to read and evaluate arguments or opinions in a text but, not all
students are given an equal opportunity to be taught in depth on how to do it. Hence, many learners
develop low self-esteem in engaging reading meaningfully.

The problem is no longer with the students; it is a problem of lack on training and practice in our
current educational system. In fact, everyone can learn to read and evaluate an argument if resources
are readily made available. Analyzing a text in a formal argument presented by an author should be
seen beyond than a mere of something one does for a class. It is a basic life skill that everyone must
practice to be able to make reading engagement fruitful and helpful in our life. Readers must be made
aware that the goal of an author is to convey and persuade, by providing arguments supported with
evidences thus, expect them to change their attitude, belief, or behavior. This poses a challenge to
readers. It will now test the ability of the readers to analyze a text, react, verify issues, affirming one's
value, and make a stance that would lead to yield right decisions for the betterment of oneself,
community and industries. On same note, readers should also be made fully aware that an opinion,
idea, assertion, and arguments cover certain claims. And there are three types of claim: Fact, Value,
and Policy Claim.

What is a Claim?

A claim is an arguable statement – an idea that a speaker or writer expects an audience to


accept. A claim is an opinion, idea, or assertion. Here are some examples: "I think we should protest
the Anti-Terror Bill." "I believe that the present administration has no concrete plans to fight COVID-19".
"We need Modernization." These three claims might all be valid, but it should be supported with
evidence to reach an audience's agreement.

The word claim comes from the Latin word clamare, which means "to cry out, shout." Hence, with
the definition of a claim, this can then be argued, verified, or disproved. A claim deals with the
searching for agreement from the audience to agree with the statement or discourse. It also involves
anticipation from the audience's agreement and anxiousness that they might disagree with. A claim
must pose two sides of a coin. It is a question of whether the audience will agree or not. Because a
claim with a certain answer, whether to agree or not to agree, is not a claim.

Three (3) types of claim in a Written Text


1. The claim of fact. A claim asserts some empirical truth. It is an assertion of:
• A condition that has existed exists or will exist.
• The truth of an assertion to be ascertained by an event. The speaker will give information and
offer an explanation that characterized the events.
• An argument with strong evidence presented as a reason for the arguer's belief in the claim.
Examples:
1. Action research is conducted to respond to the needs of the students.
2. Illegal mining has already become an issue in the Philippines.
3. School is the most important part of education.

2. A claim of value. A claim asserts judgment. It is an assertion of:

• Look for keywords that are a matter of judgment rather than fact, such as: good, well, kind,
useful, desirable, etc.
• Authors offer reasons for their judgment, with the ultimate goal of getting the reader's agreement
with the reasons rather than comparing to the fact that establishes assent to the claim.
• A claim is based on things we like or dislike. Hence, it deals with the goal of what value us most.
• The authors' argument is based on judgment or value and does not necessarily carry out facts.
Disagreements overvalue importance for us to determine how one presented his or her point
over certain belief.
• An argument usually gets the other person's approval because the claim's underlying value
proves to be acceptable as a public good.
Examples:
1. Living in a city is more productive than living in the countryside.
2. Saying "OPO" is the highest form of respect.
3. Staying with a family with limited resources is more valuable than working abroad.
3. A claim of Policy. A claim asserts that an action should be taken.

• Be careful to call that some actions be taken.


• Take note of the keywords "should," "ought," or "must. These words may not be present all the
time, but the author's purpose is usually to call for an action to be taken if they are.
• The most difficult thing in an argument is to decide whether we should take action or not in any
of the claims.
• An argument usually turns on whether the reasons for taking action compensates for the
possible costs of taking action.
Examples:
1. Deforestation should be eradicated in the Philippines.
2. The government should pursue scholarship programs, especially to those identified
marginalized sectors affected by COVID-19.
3. Child Protection Policy should be implemented in the school system.

Directions: Identity which type of claim the statement is making. (FACT, VALUE, POLICY)

____1. Excessive consumption of alcohol can lead to many illnesses.


____2. Honesty is the best policy.
____3. Television newscasting influences the way Americans think about social and political issues.
____4. The Bates GRE Study Guide is an excellent tutorial for students preparing to take the GRE
____5. To attract more nontraditional students, this college must review and revise its course offerings.
____6. The existence of nuclear weapons has prevented the outbreak of World War
III.
____7. An improved sewer system would solve these flood drainage problems.
____8. America should protect its domestic industries with tariffs and quotas.
____9. Obesity can cause heart disease.
____10. 20% of Americans believe that the U.S. has never landed on the moon.

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