Cambridge School Buvayda

Part 1
Questions 1-6 Read the text. Fill in each gap with ONE word. You must use a
word which is somewhere in the rest of the text.
Easter eggs will be much more expensive this year. The reason is climate
change. Extreme weather has made it challenging to grow Cocoa. 1
__________ beans are used to make chocolate. Around 70 per cent of the
world's cocoa 2 _________are grown in West Africa.
People give chocolate eggs for the Christian holiday of Easter. This celebrates
the resurrection of Jesus. Wikipedia says chocolate 3 ___________ first
appeared in France in 1725. In 1873, the English 4 ____________ company J.S.
Fry made the first hollow chocolate egg. It was similar to the ones we can buy
today. 5 __________says: "In Western cultures, the giving of chocolate eggs is
now commonplace." However, climate change is making it more difficult to 6
___________ cocoa beans. Climate analysts say we need to cut fossil fuel
emissions if we want to keep having cocoa and chocolate.
Part 2
Read the texts 7-14 and statements A-J. Decide which situation described in
the statements matches with the given texts.
Each statement can be used ONCE only. There are TWO extra statements
which you do not need to use.
A)If you are in London and interested in serious running, you can find a club
where you can take part in competitions.
B)If you want to find some ideas for keeping fit at home and communicate
online with other people doing the same thing. However, you don’t want to
pay for using the website.
C)If you are a member of a local club where you do at least twice a week. You
don’t have much time to shop, so want to buy gym clothes and shoes online.
D)If you love the outdoors and to cycle to different places each weekend to
keep fit. You need suggestions for a range of suitable destinations.
E)If you are a student and you need a gym where you can keep fit. You want to
pay each time rather than paying a fee to become a member.
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F)If you work in the city center and like painting and drawing in your free time.
You want to practice your hobby in a small, quite park near your office.
G)If you want to take your 8-year-old pupils to a park anywhere within the city,
with lots of organized activities which allow the children to read about local
wildlife they may see.
H)If you and your friend want to visit a park where you can get to by boat. You
want to buy lunch there and then enjoy a short walk accompanied by an expert
leader.
I)If you and your family want to visit a park which is historically important.
Teenagers want to try a water sport.
J)If you are students and need to visit a busy park for a college project. You
want to draw people taking part in team sports and watching entertainment.
7.Thiswebsite tells you how you can keep fit at this group of London sport
centers. You don’t have to be a member – these centers operate a pay-as-you-
go system. They all have a pool, squashcourts, gym and outdoor tennis courts.
The website includes details of locations, opening time and prices.
8. This is a free government website that encourages people to keep fit. It gives
diet advice and allows you to work through a fitness program without leaving
your house. It also offers advice on gym equipment to buy and has a chat room
where you can compare experiences with others.
9.This quiet park , on the edge of the city and easy to visit by public transport,
has boats for hire on the lake, a skate board park, basketball, tennis courts and
picnic areas. Often seen in postcard views of the city, it contains one of the
oldest windmills in the country – the museum should not be missed.
10.This website is for people interested in athletics. It allows you to find out
your nearest athletics club is and provides information about races and other
athletics events around the country. There is a popular chat room where
athletes exchange suggestions and ideas.
11.There are walks on well-made paths and cycle rides for all abilities. The park
is just inside the city limit and has an area of quiet woodland, which is home to
deer and other animals. The visitor center, numerous display boards and a fun
quiz make this a positive learning experience for all ages.
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12. On the edge of the city, this park attracts huge crowds. The open-air
theatre has a program of plays suitable for school groups. There is a well-used
basketball court and baseball field, a children’s playground and a café.
13.This website is for busy people wanting to keep fit. Fill in a questionnaire
and the site offers you a fitness program for you. Although the fee is high, you
can email to ask for advice whenever you want. In addition, there are a range
of fitness clothes and footwear, which anyone can order anytime. (48-hour
delivery)
14. This small and peaceful park offers guided tours, given by the
knowledgeable environment officers, and evening visitors to the park may be
lucky enough to see rare frogs and bats. It is situated on the River Elton and can
be reached in about 30 minutes from the city center by river taxi. There is a
snack bar and gift shop.
Part 3
Read the text and choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list
of headings below. There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not
use all of them. You cannot use any heading more than once.
A- a compact solution
B- Smaller houses or longer payments?
C- Mortgaged for life
D- Can prices get any higher?
E- A nation of homeowners
F- Keeping payments down
G- Property keeps getting more expensive
H- Need for more houses
(15) The cause of high levels of borrowing are high prices. House prices have
been going up in every region of Britain — with last month's increase being a
record. The average house price in Britain is now more than 100,000 and is
going up by £28 a day. This means that it is rising at a rate of roughly 15% to
18% a year.
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(16) 'An Englishman's home is his castle', goes the saying and the British seem
more obsessed with property than some other nations. 68% of households in
the UK are owner-occupied. Even though this is not the highest in Europe — in
Ireland 78% of houses are occupied by their owner and in Spain the figure is
82% — the UK stands out because of the high level of mortgage debt, with a
figure of 58.8%, compared to Ireland's 29.9% and Spain's 27.4%.
(17) The race to buy your first house is made more difficult by the shortage of
housing. The government says that in the next 20 years in England nearly 4
million new households will require homes. The shortfall between supply and
demand drives up prices, and make people more desperate.
(18) Now, in some cities, desperation to own a home has sparked the invention
of the 'microflat'. These small microflats have 30 sq/m of living space. The flats
are factory-built and assembled one on top of the other. Richard Connor and
Stuart Piercy designed the microflat because although they earn £30,000-
35,000 a year, this is not enough to buy a house in London. Stuart said, 'We're
trying to keep the price below £100,000 per flat, compared with average
London prices of about £180,000-£190,000.'
(19) Earlier this month, there was speculation that mortgages in the UK would
double in length to 50 years, so that ordinary homebuy ers could afford to pay
the monthly repayments. 30-year mortgages are already available from most
lenders, but if house-price inflation remains ahead of salary inflation the only
way mortgages will remain affordable is by increasing the term to 30, 40 or
even 50 years.
(20) If it sounds like the property situation in this country is getting out of
control, spare a thought for the Japanese. Owning a property in Japan is even
more expensive. Despite near-zero interest rates, some mortgages come with
terms as long as 100 years. Borrowers never in fact pay off the loan, leaving the
property in the hands of bank and the mortgage in the hands of the children.
Part 4
Read the following text for questions 21-29.
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was born on February 8, 1834 in Verkhnie
Aremzyani, in the Russian province of Siberia. His father, a graduate of Saint
Petersburg's Main Pedagogical Institute , died when Mendeleev was just 13. At
age 16, Mendeleev relocated to Saint Petersburg, which was then Russia's
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capital city. He won a place at his father's old college, where he initially trained
as a teacher , in part because the director of the Institute had known his father.
However, he went on to achieve worldwide fame as a chemist.
By the time he was 20, Mendeleev was already having research papers
published. However, he was troubled with various health issues and was often
so ill with tuberculosis that he was forced to work from his bed. His
uncontrollable temper made him unpopular with some of the staff and his
classmates, but he still graduated as the top student in his year. In 1855, he got
a job in Simferopol, Crimea, but soon returned to Saint Petersburg.
A few years later, he was given the opportunity to go to western Europe to
pursue chemical enquiry. He spent most of 1859 and 1860 in Heidelberg,
Germany. Here he had the good fortune to work briefly with renowned
German chemist Robert Bunsen at Heidelberg University, before setting up a
laboratory in his own apartment.
In 1860, Mendeleev attended the first ever international chemistry
conference , held in Karlsruhe, Germany. Much of the event was spent
discussing the need to standardize chemistry, and this played a key role in
Mendeleev's eventual development of his periodic table of the elements.
By the time he returned to Saint Petersburg in 1861, this time to work at the
Technical Institute, Mendeleev had become even more passionate about
chemistry. He was concerned that Russia was trailing behind Germany in this
field. He thought improved Russian-language chemistry textbooks were
necessary, and was determined to do something about it.
Mendeleev was a charismatic lecturer and held a number of academic
positions until, in 1867, aged just 33, he was awarded the Chair of General
Chemistry at the University of Saint Petersburg. In this prestigious position he
continued pushing to improve chemistry in Russia, publishing The Principles of
Chemistry in 1869. The popularity of this work in Russia and elsewhere led to
the publication of translations three languages: English, French and German.
At this time, chemistry was a patchwork of observations and discoveries.
Mendeleev was certain that better, more fundamental principles could be
found. This was his mindset when, in 1869, he began writing a second volume
of his book The Principles of Chemistry. At the heart of chemistry were
hydrogen, oxygen and all its other elements. What, wondered Mendeleev,
could they reveal if he could find some way of organizing them logically?
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He wrote the names of the 65 known-elements on cards - one element on each

card - and then wrote the fundamental properties of each element, including
atomic weight, on its card. He saw that atomic weight was important in some
way - the behavior of the elements seemed to repeat as their atomic weights
increased - but he could not see the pattern. Convinced that he was close to
making a significant discovery, Mendeleev moved the cards about for hours
until finally he fell asleep at his desk. When he awoke, he found that his
subconscious mind had done his work for him. He now knew the pattern the
elements fell into. He later wrote, ‘In a dream I saw a table where all the
elements fell into place as required. Awakening, I immediately wrote it down
on a piece of paper.’
For questions 21-24, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D.
21 The Principles of Chemistry ….
A. was translated into different foreign languages
B. was the first book Mendeleev wrote
C. was published when Mendeleev was just 33
D. concerned that Russia was behind Germany in chemistry
22 Mendeleev was sure that …
A. he could find some way of organizing elements logically
B. chemistry was not an important field
C. he was the main figure in chemistry
D. better and more basic principles could be found
23 Which is true according to the last paragraph?
A. How many elements Mendeleev wrote on cards is unknown
B. Mendeleev used one card to write one element with its properties
C. Mendeleev was aware that atomic weight was not of importance
D. Mendeleev could identify the pattern in the behavior of elements
24 It is clear that …..
A. Mendeleev worked for hours to achieve a discovery consciously
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B. Mendeleev usually slept long hours

C. Mendeleev made a discovery when he was sleeping
D. Falling asleep prevented Mendeleev from finding the pattern
For questions 25-29, decide if the following statements agree with the
information given?
25. Dmitri Mendeleev was the first member of his family to receive a college
education.
A) True B) False C) No information
26. While he was studying in Saint Petersburg, Mendeleev often failed to
control his anger.
A) True B) False C) No information
27. During his time at Heidelberg University, Mendeleev published a paper with
Robert Bunsen.
A) True B) False C) No information
28. Mendeleev worried that Germany was more successful than Russia in the
field of chemistry.
A) True B) False C) No information
29. It took Mendeleev less than a year to write the second volume of his book
The Principles of Chemistry
A) True B) False C) No information
Part 5
Read the following text for questions 30-35.
Over the last few months, a survey has been carried out of over 200
greengrocers and convenience stores in Crown Heights, a neighborhood in
Brooklyn, New York. As researchers from the Brooklyn Food Association enter
the details, colorful dots appear on their online map, which display the specific
location of each of the food stores in a handful of central Brooklyn
neighborhoods. Clicking on a dot will show you the store’s name and whether
it carries fresh fruit and vegetables, wholegrain bread, low-fat dairy and other
healthy options.
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The researchers plan eventually to survey the entire borough of Brooklyn. ‘We
want to get to a more specific and detailed description of what that looks like’,
says Jeffrey Heehs, who leads the project. He hopes it will help residents find
fresh food in urban areas where the stores sell mostly packaged snacks or fast
food, areas otherwise known as food deserts. The aim of the project is also to
assist government officials in assessing food availability, and in forming future
policies about what kind of food should be sold and where.
In fact, the Brooklyn project represents the intersection of two growing trends:
mapping fresh food markets in US cities, and private citizens creating online
maps of local neighborhood features. According to Michael Goodchild, a
geographer at the University of California at Santa Barbara, citizen map makers
may make maps because there is no good government map, or to record
problems such as burned-out traffic lights.
According to recent studies, people at higher risk of chronic disease and who
receive minimal incomes for the work they do, frequently live in
neighborhoods located in food deserts. But how did these food deserts arise?
Linda Alwitt and Thomas Donley, marketing researchers at DePaul University in
Chicago, found that supermarkets often can’t afford the amount of land
required for their stores in cities. City planning researcher Cliff Guy and
colleagues at the University of Leeds in the UK found in 2004 that smaller
urban groceries tend to close due to competition from suburban supermarkets.
Now, more US cities are becoming aware of their food landscapes. Last year,
the United States Department of Agriculture launched a map of where food
stores are located in all the US counties. Mari Gallagher, who runs a private
consulting firm, says her researchers have mapped food stores and related
them to health statistics for the cities of Detroit, Chicago, Cincinnati and
Washington, D.C. These maps help cities identify where food deserts are and,
occasionally, have documented that people living in food deserts have higher
rates of diet-related diseases.
The Brooklyn project differs in that it’s run by a local core of five volunteers
who have worked on the project for the past year, rather than trained,
academic researchers. To gather data, they simply go to individual stores with
pre-printed surveys in hand, and once the storekeeper’s permission has been
obtained, check off boxes on their list against the products for sole in the store.
Their approach to data collection and research has been made possible by
technologies such as mapping software and GPS-related smart phones, Google
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Maps and OpenStreeMap, an open-source online map with a history of

involvement in social issues. Like Brooklyn Food Association volunteers, many
citizen online map makers use maps to bring local problems to official
attention, Goodchild says. Heehs, the mapping project leader, says that after
his group gathers more data, it will compare neighborhoods, come up with
solutions to address local needs, and then present them to New York City
officials. Their website hasn’t caught them much local or official attention yet,
however. It was launched only recently, but its creators haven’t yet set up
systems to see who’s looking at it.
For questions 30-33, fill in the missing information in the numbered spaces.
Write no more than ONE WORD for each question.
The online map provides users with a store’s name, 30 ____________and
details of its produce One goal of the mapping project is to help develop new
31 ____________on food. Citizen maps are sometimes made when 32
____________maps are unsatisfactory. New research suggests that people
living in food deserts often have low 33 _________
For questions 34-35, choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D. Mark your
answers on the answer sheet.
34 The United States Department of Agriculture…
A. mapped food stores across the USA
B. is run by Mari Gallagher
C. created a map which helps to find food deserts in some areas
D. researches the effects of food deserts on people’s health
35 According to the last paragraph, it is clear that …..
A. Academic researchers are responsible for the Brooklyn project
B. The Brooklyn project is run by individuals who do not have professional
training.
C. The website attracted much attention from the Government
D. Officials show great interest in the website