UNIT 1

aflwan amd lslyhis.

-1 Datine

McANING
a
AajiuvanL aA amhutn sajtwa LsALmlually
us to
lo
af hiagnams uhuh mall tht
yhi
lask ai
pundanmm s a m harticulah Ahiufus
atua lly ussol to aplha h u amhutu
durru
J lsALntuolly dirnels all of tht purupnal
m thl miinu camputn yslum- ural inodly

haw to f a m a task
ta dlo amd Lxaclly
muoiakan
AsaLuan Alays a kuy nalu of a

urunm ihi uAU amd hu campulA horauwark

Ln thi absumct af saftwam a u s sAiNially
camt iufahmm amy lask @n a campulu. A

sofwam Aadul deutlapmnt camhamy L h

an whuh dunlahs noflurasi fas h i usns

LYPES
ystum Jolwat
2 hhlicatan Saftwanu
 Jystom JaflwaL
wll as thi hasduwant
Sthulhs thiusts as

ta fum.clan amd um imtuoct wth LOLh olhu

t safluwau u h u h
kaAily. Astmtially, a

MAid 0 mamaqi thi buhavmau of tht

Omfpuln hardwast im ands lo Jasic
ofu base
us
unctuamalitis whuh au mudid by h
lh omputu fAl,
hlhimwA
himuA yau lum am

M he
h syAlum sajwar LAsLNAially umA
thi bachghaumd Du ta t u n a s a m ,
.

alsa kmaun foffulanl

th AMAlum AajwanL
h

Lawlul sofluwam

aru
ammam syaum Aaftuasl

a Ohvating Jystem
bimg
bung framumint iamplu
a fas synm
AafuaN, t u usmlially a calllcdan af
Aisauncd as wll as
safua whuch hamdls
athis
akpu mual Auvvis far vanaus
ahplucaluams uhuh adually u m avU him

Cnamhls MS Wmdaws
mac OS

Limux
OS
Amdraod
ent OS
Wnux
bDurc Drvens
Jhis yht a saftwart anlrals hantulan handuua
vhuch u sstnlually attochtd ta thi ystvm
harduware ourcs whuh Angusu dlDA
D mt a

la
ta cammul lo a syalm comsust af dsh lays,
untns, saumd candls, hand dsks , Ruyboad,
md muie

txamhls BIOS Dru

Mathuboard u n s
Dusplay Dens
ROM Drurrs
USB Dniwths
C Fivmuarl
Jt adiuaiy a himammnt s a f l u a l wnuch
s mbiddid m h i Aystumns Aad amly

mimany Jt u AUmlioally a sut af msinucliam

whiuh a r himammtly sloud omde thi
handuaL ouru

txamplslamfulu Puhhials
Embedodud yAtums
VEFI
B1OS

d lity
Jhusm safuwo ns au dsugmid lo asAisls m
amolyMma as t l l as aflmigng alang wtth
 mmaumloummg a qwn Dnpul
Kamfgunwng and
lo ths ompulu
gsumI fnandu Aufhat

JMnfpoALucdu

txamflus Nantam Amtivuus

MeALu Amburtnuu
Wun RAR

Wmdous fil Lnplanu

.HAicatan Jafuaskmaun a4 md u
hey au alsa hofularly
whuth
hnagnamA a wm hrodudvty iagroms
N0Mas tosks
osPA
0AAAAA hi usu m complulng
malis
omlimt hslaNch makmg
Lik
uRL camdutumg
gofhics, maunlaimimg a a u m i ,
,

ou sumna
alulaluams @ m hlaym
Ony mg aul
Campulus gam

ammom AAhlcouam Jafluan au

Ward Paamas
daumimlauar
Such ahhhcaluoms au mlaml far
assust m AaMmg as M as famalim
J alsa
daummmis
Omd m hhumtim

namhlu MS Wand
Hhhu iWank Vog
oogl Dacs
(and Wad ujul
 Vala last sofluwart
t u usd ta r a t as wdl as manag a

clalabasl amd alsa knawn as dala lasL

mmamagimmi Aystumn

.txampls MS Acus
Fl Maken
d Basu
lupher
CMullimidia Jaf lwan
-J al o hlay n a t i as u l as ncand

m a g , auoua c wn t dia f l s

. tnamplsHdabe Phaloshaf
Pcasa
VLC Mda Playu

d Wl Braurins
Jhul
Jhut Aafuwaru an utilizpd lo lmawu h i
mtuml. ueb iawsns asMiul t h uss m
Lacau mg as wll a nudruwmg aala avasA thi web.

.tmamhlusaaagle hram
Mazula /mufax
Lntumit Caplan
Opva
Jafani
 WIT
3.txfhlan th amuhl af t
cammu Dhasus hu

lmimis and tyhus aftcammunu AyaAm

NTRODUCTION
.tlucdhamiu cammmtul doung
thi hrauss af domg
usunsA udnammally pu4 o the ual

af uchmo lagy to mhamu lhi rau ssmg af

Aammmal hamsacuans t w u n a campamg

Kts Custamtus and ts usimisA panimus It

busunAa
MNons thi aulomatian af a auly af
to usmuA amd buinus o camawmu

thansactiams thmaugh l i a l l amd M c n l Connectuans

cambmauan
tcammin s a Aahhisicalid
a luhamalaguu amd camsumtn-basud Arcs

miugnauol to am a haradugm m
uur

usimus tnamsocduans fraussimg. Thfuurt

cammua A bnughl amd ualle

Eluclnamu commu u ma lamg furt a cOmcehE

, S a makul fanu ta be nuckamid t h
Hawun,hi a4hlucaliam has mat yul uachid
ull mlugnaluan mto thi busunis mamsniamm
LEMENTS
wmd
haut
yaus Alan iasy ia mavrgatu , yau unll
aguoiu shanct al makimg a sal ram slal

rattur9 a t and hu£auL lnaass

Hoong tumssa tht Ahohrung carl shauld x

mhllalas chaius a
Atyl prufuimcu Ahauld

LL0s a uw and lt

all la Actan CTA)

Mak w ta liad yawu usiomus thi0ugh yau
i wrth callu o actan that au spuupu to
h a l yau wamt thum Ja do

Lmaqu amd DLuApiiars

h u n Aiohll a Auarchimg fan a hraducl to

u , thuy want knaur all the ditails abaui

ta
t f a u makung hw purhasu. lavs all
osfucs, mcudimg s i , kxtu, usu, benifits,
Lo las a v a l a Ue

uAtaml Jupht
ustomu uphart muds to l avaulotl um cask
oOmy pralums a guustiams Thuu au suAal
dutpumt bypus custamn uuphart , lall fru ,
imaul Auphard, anlnt chal. hoasu th bust omu
 imAlallid
Make Aunl yau havt an SSL Clfuatu
amd a hh u
9amg da
to myhl dala cammg
ammua an
lnawstu .

laday wny wnbsul, l-

mat, ahauld hav ani

yPES
Ousndsa Busnus 626/ 2 ammmUd
B26 Alss Sa the AChamg af u u , imfoNmattar
busmusA Aa
amd /an fiaductA ham amu

Cmathn B26 cammua tyhically taku h

a m af autamatid hrausmms luwem tradumg
harlmus md is hufammo m much hugh
alumus ham B2C ophlicatuans

-busuns Lo amsumu (62C)L-Cammuc

62C d1funtd a tht enhangt of A a
lusvnss
mfammatiam amd l a hraducu am
a

ta a as afhand to lnluHm am
a m Aumih ,

udmusA amd amalhu. Jyhically, a 62C

L- Cammiha lusmiss has a Muual AtaL im

rant
uudameis a wuhasl gaads and Awes.

amsuwmlo Bums4(C26) LCammu

In C28 mad, Comsumtis dundly camlad ko
ussmss Mmdars y hastng thu hrajcl omlmt
Ja hatthe mudy ampanes hurew amd Camlact
h utoms dunnd y wth d .
amsummttaaniumu CC2C L Cammue
C2C s an mtumil fauitatud fam aCom mun
Ahal has tnusld far the Aham e husary
tu hom of baitn. C2 hrarolu tual
LVANammimi f a thi Aami.

wwus a4aymmunt C624/ 4 CammuAA

.624,8alsa knawn as gammnt, Afes
la lhu w a mfamatuan amd commumicaian

Juchmolagu sMsungthen nulalian

to Luid amd
Ahahsldutn aa mmmt amd mhloyus.

Diness-ia- tmlay (62g)2Camm

62E, ram am mtsa arganizaliamal hushect
has frardid thi means as a busunus to ara
amlum hraduds amod A w u s to uks mfhlayu
 NIT
of MSEkul.
W6 Cxhlaim uaniaus humdions

INTRODUCTION
fwmcduams an hauwn taals whih hilh ta fuyam
Lolula uans an daa. FUNCTIONSS a hmd fimtLd
ALL
amulas that uill calulati Aildd dala
Cncl fun lams camsiMu a thu hanu:Thi'=

Mgm, hi fumduam mamt ,

amd am angumml
Namg mdand m hanmthisd

A FUNCTIoN is alurays idimijnd y the Mgn

hcLomg hi huncuan mammi, J h FUNCTI0N
NAMEimdicalu whuch fumdiam is Lumg MALd

Jhu ARGUMCNT a RANGE umclasid m

amd Ahuajiu h
haunthisis Aamg af clls
am whuh thihumctian Mil a d . Jh
Jhu
ARGUMENT am A a a l mumbn a upmma
ta a Ul, a rfpmd lo a clls
g0up af culs,

afamula , an amathu fumduam Ja add a

humdnam la thu wankshut uther Plau thi u s a r

wheu yau wamt thi fumcdiam Null to ophaA amd
l u d fumiam hom m n t mmu Mamually
yhi t h humdan a d n d lacc
fUNCTIONN LATCGORI6S
Mathemalual uncans
wt
umunans,
wih malh amd ngmamA
mmohimolual
amd omtlu
Cam fiAfaNm Avmhlu
Lalulatuom

SUM Ramgu) Jum f a gmu af mumb

= SaRT(X) Duplay thi n9puan mal a
mumbu (X).
als
= PRODUCTCRamge )> Mulupicatuam af g m
umandr
MODE Angumnt2) wll gum
LAngummt 1,
1
by angumml k.
opu dmdimg angummt

Stoutual Functan slolustual

SAatiscal wankshut humelam hufam
amalyiA am ramgu amd Jhid
dotaJhumcluduu

amad lowral1 valuu, tandond

owtnog, highut
muoliam and athu Malustucs
cuiatAam, ,

AVCRAGEe e (Range) auina th ornag a a gauh

amummus

COUNT (Kange)- lauml Ih lvms im a ust

= MIN (Range) Drsptays thu smallust mumbo

m h namg

MAX (Ramg DisplaysLhu langest mumb m

h hamg
 mamial un.diamd Lusmu44
camman

/mamaal funcuans ufamm

iut haymunt
odAUmimUmg
Calaulaliams duch as

valu a met
m i hAusunt
hauami
laan thi fulu
aA a ,
and
alul af am wtstmunl, , hi fmuhl

FV la alulatiof mAtmLnd
ulus vauu

LPMTTa tind mdusl faymumt

Laqiual fumeians
iM tnu to
falai al to
lhihu a tamdiluan
an.oiiams Lk
Chuck fan mullAl IF
AND OR NOT

Laakuh Fundians
hlhin u mud ta imd valuu m lusks an laltu
whum yau mud la fiumd the AufUlma of

ADDResS u w n s a l l ufruna as luul

=COLUMN ulwms thi columm mumbu af
o
A vwn
=
COLUMNS Mluwnd mwmbu of ca lumms Mm

amay a nyeumce

t huntuans
huth thisl, wt can mammhulat luul Mrungs n
lamulas hl Can alsa saun , a ancatumal, a
dalu ka a lnt alnung la maupulol h ul
c u fAadd mamy funcliams Lk

CHAR L¬PT RCPLAcE

CODE = LEN - RIGHT

FIND = LOWER = SCARCH

Dal amd Lumt Fumcdiams

t h hisl, w can amalyy amd wank w h

olalu amd tm aluus m fammulas

DATE = MONTH
TIME
- NoW
DAY YEAR

CmgmuMmg umdian
. Jhi mgumuunmg wankshul funcdiams Anams

mgmumg ovnalyAu

DatabaAL tumdiams
A Aut af fumduans thal allous calulaians
an databau

DA VERAGE Aluwms ihi avnag of voluus m a luse

DCoUNT aumt khi alls un a ucand hal
malchus aapufud omditian
DMAX lunns h i maumum valu pom u lut
C dalalasi
MIN AturmA h munimum vauu Mam Ah
t an dalalau
 NIT
8 knt JFSS and ds MALS

M
CANING1
SPSS (Sta tustucoal hackag an tht saual scunuu) 4
u Aut asaftwvar pragnams ihal a sambimid

ag tihet m a Aumglu hachag Thu aswe

anhlucalian af Lhis pag am is la amolyi
Actn tufie dala ulatd with saual scumd. Ihis
hiu
daia can b u s u d fan markul MsaACh
AUMMYs, data mmumg, e .

With h hilh af h altaind Alatutical

mjamaian, AwLachw cam t a i l y wmduAlamd

hu dimand fan a pra.dud in thi marked , amd

Cam chang thus stna tugy acandimg hy

basucally SPss irat atanM amd Anganuu hu
frasndid dala thm t campulus thu data
Aul ta
to fnaduu Autob authuut. SPSS

clusugmnid um uch a wayhat i an hamdl

langt
langt Aut af Narnal dala famals

SPSS u a ursuuonany Aa Luura maunly md

slaNch iaLudst whuch hulhs thum hracus
utcal dala n Amali Mps. warkung an
data s a ampluu and umt Camimmg
fhauss but h u naftwan cam lamly h a n d l
,

and ahnalu mfamalian wnlh h hulh

Aamu Achmmgud Jhuu luchmugus uLa
Aa amaly , Anamsfam amd fradua a

chanaduustu hatm btuumn dfuunt dala

analus. Ln addutuam ta , th ulpu
an le altaimmd thraugh naphucal npruundata
a
Aa hat a un am lasly umdustamd hu wul

Uses
Data ca lluciam aal
J h SPSS M usid m af t h most upralla
oata Malutnan taau which assist miahchius
to uu his Laal im umms a c a l d n g
Matustuual datalbasu im AyAtmalc mmatler
Lk ths aprrad nhud Aaftuau , SPSS alsa has
h dalo mtny AMm m whch Maiachs
Lam hul oduf pmt a u Mcal vanalu m
ums asoleulatimg uantutatut dala B
umg ths SP SS 0fuau, Awtochns an a l lo
Mau Mali Aucal data a m Aystmalu nmanmu

whiuh ail h m lo utuert thi data

m aualu ama atu days manlhs
eans
lalslcal dalabasu
mah
hnaughh
Jhaug MMmg 3PsS, uohus tom

dalo
Ay Alimalu amanguminl of Ataluol
uAumg thi SPSS hofluwau, wlo0Mhu n l u
By MAmg
Dy
Mmuual dala mbo AhMDdLhal Thsnouon
CMM AsLoNhuw ta Mau Malunuuas donlbau

wn rahu manmu o thal, MLohA om q

hi cla Aa afn mamy momlh omd y ba

MancaA a}uual off4 am Ma od

datobahNs suh as
Onam many quamlutatut
tmoncal doumnu , documimu af hu Luhmdtue

Data Owdhul
A th Malusual dala u gamd amd nbrd
Amko ahrodhhuulu af SPss , a a m lasily n a l
hth aud pul f i l a hord copy of r a t oala

Jhraugh usumg th pugumay dundnibudnam

Mauual ovata, huahlu a m wmou aland
Lhas muthu h a th dala au m a m a l
hal
dundhudutud an mat, hlhl nnolu thi autput
hi ugulmay duslnubuuan M Ahne
thu
th aulpul flu uwhuh asAtihiohlu to
undumlomd th fraptn anamgimml ay hu
quamuAou datovau. Ihraugh uung hu autpu
il, UMAAhs an npant h nguinnd
tum and u a i t mlo t h u a u h u an
a nt t
all

m Amm of mamtammg h awnaay amd

ulhimu uky af thu f l
Slatustual tusts
Jh SPSS sa luan is amm a th mat
mpaAant Saals whuh aMul usorchun
a camalud Atatnuual wts y
omy usn
he Aaunau Jhraug h unimg h s saflwanu,
huafle a mai mud ka moki amy Lguatuam

matumoual salulatans mamuall,

Aalhu huy au maw a l to usu thi buuin
ultin
a fiuanL m whuh thuy u t hart o pul
hi data a mumbu amd thuy tan q i a l
tyhs
ypt af to lulaliant y pitsuimg lhu l u a n t

kuy
CanduMan
/ram thi avaur mimtuamid dimussnam i s
cliar hat SPss a af hi mast impokant
tadunucal loals which a s s i hiahlt la
amoual amy yht af Adatuslical calculauans
thaul hamq chamas a as. hnaugh uning
th saal uanchu a b ta untu , amamg,
omd taru ialuatual olala fa umimutid
uml m a mamms