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 AKTU
B.Tech 3rd year

Software
Project
Management
UNIT: 1
+Free notes frONE-SI

Most important PYQ Solutions

 Questions
Discuss project portfolio management with examples.

What do youmean by Project plan? Also discuss types of project plans.

Explain in detail about Cost benefit evaluation techniques and its methods
with exanmple.

What do you understand by CASE tools? Explain in details.

Discuss briefly two of the following through an example.(i) Risk evaluation (i)
Stepwise Project Planning

Write short note on & CPI?

SPI

Discuss in detail about the Categorizction of Software Proects.

Discuss project portfolio
management with examples.
.Think of it like managing a sports team
where you need to pick the best players
• Project Portfolio Management (PPM)is a (projects), decide their positions (resource
systematic approach to manage and allocation), and ensure they play well
organize projects within an organization together (monitoring progress).
to ensure they align with the company's
goals, maximize resource utilization, and • Project Portfolio Management is a crucial
enhanceproject success rates. practice for organizations looking to
optimize their project outcomesand
•PPM is a way for companies to manage ensure strategic alignment. By carefully
all their projects in one place. It helps selecting. prioritizing, and managing
them decide which projects to start, how projects, companiescan achieve their goals
to allocate resources, and how to keep more efficiently and effectively.
everything on track.
 their impact,and strategies to mitigate them. Explain in detail about Cost benefit evaluation
• Example: A management plan for an
risk techniquesand its methods with example.
event that includes risks like bad weather or
Cost-benefit evaluation techniques are essential
supplier delays and contingency plans for tools used in decision-making processes to assess
each.
the economic worth of a project or investment

by comparing its costs and benefits. These

5.Quality Plan:

• Description: Defines the

arningquality standards
techniques help determine whether a project
financially viable and worthwhile.
is

for the project and how they will be

achieved and measured.
Methods ofCost-Benefit Evaluation
• Example: A quality plan for

manufacturing project specifying the

1. (NPV)
Net Present Value
standards for product testing and quality
2. Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR)
checks.
3. Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
4. Payback Period
5.Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)
6. Break-EvenAnalysis
 Example of PPM: quick completion.

o Cybersecurity tool:Niche market,

Scenario: A
tech company wants to launch medium impact, moderate
new software products.
resourCes.

• Allocate Resources: Focus on the mobile

PPM Application:
app and software improvement first.
1.Identify Strategic Objectives: Increase
• Monitor and Review: Regularly chcck
market share by 10% in two years.
progress and adjust plans if market
2.CollectProject Proposals: Ideas include
needs change.
a new mobile app, improving current
software, and creating a cybersecurity
tool. Benefits of PPM
3.Evaluate and Prioritize Projects:
•Better Alignment with Goals
• New mobile app: High impact, • OptimizedResource Use
• Improved Decision-Making
needs many resources.
• Better Risk Management
• Improving. Current software:
Mediunm impact, fewer • Higher Success Rates
resources,
What do you mean by Project plan? Key Elements of a Project Plan

Also discuss typess of project plans.

• Project Goals and Objectives: Clearly

defined aims that the project is intended to

•A project plan is a detailed document achieve.
that outlines the goals, tasks, timelines,
•Scope: The boundaries of the project,
resources, and milestones of a project. including what will and will not be
included.
• It serves as a roadmap to guide the Tasks and Activities: A breakdown of the
project tecam through the entire lifecycle
work needed to complete the project.
of the project, from initiation to •Timeline: A schedule that shows when each
comp task should start and finish.

•Resources: The personnel, equipment,and

•The project plan ensures that everyone
materials required to complete the project.
involved knows what needs to be done,
• Budget: The financial plan for the project,
by whom, and by when. detailing costs and allocations.
 Iypes Plans:
of Project .Example: A resource plan for a
construction project specifying the
1.Work Plan: number of workers, types of

Description: A detailed plan that breaks machinery, and materials required.

down the specific tasks needed to complete

the project. Often includes who is 3.Financial Plan:

responsible for cach task and deadlines. Description: Details the budget,

.
• Example: A work plan for a marketing including Cost estimates, funding
campaign detailing tasks like content SOurceS, and financial control
creation, social media posts, and email measures.
newsletters. Example: A financial plan for an IT

project listing costs for software,

2.Resource Plan:
hardware, and personnel.
• Description: Outlines the resources

(people, equipment, materials) needed for

4.Risk Management Plan:
the project and how they will be allocated. • Description: Identifies potential risks,
 their impact, and strategies to mitigate them. Explain in detail about Cost benefit evaluation
• Example: A management plan for an
risk techniquesand its methods with example.
event that includes risks like bad weather or
Cost-benefit evaluation techniques are essential
supplier delays and contingency plans for
tools used in decision-making processes to assess
each.
the economic worth of a project or investment
by comparing its costs and benefits. These
5.QualityPlan:
•
arnin
Description: Defines the quality standards
techniques help determine whether a project is

financially viable and worthwhile.

for the project and how they will be
achieved and measured.
Methods ofCost-Benefit Evaluation
Example: A quality plan for a
manufacturing project specifying the
1. Net Present Value (NPV)
standards for product testing and quality
2. Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR)
checks.
3. Internal Rate ofReturn (IRR)
4. Payback Period

5. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)

6. Break-EvenAnalysis
•Net Present Value (NPV): Calculates the • Payback Period: The time it takes to
present value of cash inflows and outflows recover the initial investment from cash
using a discount rate. A positive NPV inflows. A shorter payback period is

indicates a profitable project. preferable.

•Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR):The ratio of the • Cost-Effectiveness Aning

(CEA):
Analysis
present value of benefits to costs. A BCR Compares the costs and outcomes of
greater than 1 suggests the project is different actions, often used in healthcare
beneficial.
and public policy to determine the most

• Internal
evl
Rate of Return (IRR): The
efficient option.

discount rate at which NPV is zero,

• Break-Even Analysis:Identifies the point
representing the project's break-even rate
at which total revenues cqual total costs,
of return. An IRR higher than the
indicating no profit or loss
discount rate means the project is viable.
What do you understand by CASE
tools? Explain in details. Types of CASETools

Computer-Aided Software Engineering Upper CASE Tools: Focus on early SDLC

(CASE)Tools stages like planning, analysis, and design
(e.g., UML tools like IBM Rational Rose.)
Definition:

• Lower CASE Tools: Support later SDLC

• CASE tools
ning
are software applications stages such as implenmentation,testing, and
designed to assist in the developmentand maintenance (e.g.. IDEs like Visual Studio,
maintenance of software systems. testing tools like JUnit).

• These tools support various stages of the • Integrated CASE Tools: Provide

software development lifecycle (SDLC), comprehensive support across the entire

from initial planning and analysis SDLC (e.g., IBM Rational Suite, Oracle
through design, coding, testing, and Designer).
maintenance.
Benefits of CASE Tools Common Features

Improved Productivity: Automate •Diagramming Tools: For creating system

repetitive tasks. diagrams.

Enhanced Quality: Consistent •Code Generation: Automatic code

documentation and systematic design. creation from models.

eari
• Standardization: Enforce industry •Reverse Engineering: Extracting design
standards. information from code.

Better Documentation: Up-to-date with Database Design: Managing database

system designs. schemas.

• Improved Project Management: Version . Testing and

frameworks and
Debugging:
tools.
Automated
control and projcct tracking.
Discuss briefly two ofthe following
Example: In a software developmentproject
through an example.
for a new e-commerce platform:
(Ü) Risk evaluation
1.Identify Risks: Technical failures,
(ii) Stepwise Project Planning
schedule delays, key personnel leaving.

) Risk Evaluation:

• Risk evaluation
ning
budget overruns.
2.Assess Risks: Determine the likelihood

and impact ofcach

3.Develop Strategies:
risk.

involves identifying
• Technical Risks: Have a backup
potential risks in a project, assessing their
technology plan.
likelihood and impact, and developing Use
• Schedule Risks: agile
strategies to manage them.
methodologies.
o Operational Risks: Cross-train team
• This process helps in mitigating adverse members.
effects on the project's success • Financial Risks: Allocate

contingency funds.
(ii) Stepwise Project Planning:
•Planning: Develop a detailed plan, assign

roles, identify risks.

• Stepwise project planning involves
breaking down project into
• Execution: Develop the app, monitor
manageable steps or phases, cach with
progress, manage changes.
specific goals and deliverables.

• This ensureS • Monitoring and Controlling: Track

approach systematic
performance, manage tasks.
progress and facilitates better project

management.
• Closure: Final testing, documentation,

stakeholder approval.
Example:
In a mobile app developmentproject;

• Initiation: Define scope, objectives, and

stakeholders.
Write short note on SPI & CPI?
Interpretation:

Schedule Performance Index (SPI)

•SPI> 1: The project is ahead of schedule.

Definition: SPI is a measure of schedule .SPI= 1: The project is on schedule.

efficiency, calculated by comparing the • SPI< 1: The project is behind schedule.

amount of work actually completed to the

amount ofwork planned to be completed at a Cost Performance Index (CPI)

given point in timne.

Formula: ile Definition: CPI is a measure of cost efficiency,

=
SPI Earned Value (EV) calculated by comparing the value of work
Planned Value (PV) performed to the actual cost incurred for that
work.
Formula:
•Earned Value_(EV): The value of the
work actually performed. CPI =Earned Value (EV)
• Planned Value (PV): The value of the Actual Cost (AC)

work planned to be performed.

 Discuss in detail about the Categorization
of Software Projects.
Earned Value (EV): The value of the

work actually performed. Software projects can be categorized based on

•Actual Cost_(AC): The actual cost various criteria to help select

incurred for the work performed. management strategies and tools:

Interpretation: 1. Based on Scope and

• CPI
learnt
> 1: The project
under
is budget. a. Small-Scale Limited scope, small

• CPI=1: The project is on budget. team,short duration (e.g., simple websites).

CPI< 1:The project is over budget. Use agile methodologies.

Medium-Scale Projects: Moderate scope,

b.
medium-sized team,moderate complexity (e.g.
enterprise applications). Combine agile and
traditional methods.
c. Large-Scale Projects : Extensive scope, based applications (e.g., e-commerce sites).

large team,high complexity (e.g., ERP Use agile methodologies.

systems).

b. Mobile Developmnent:Focused on mobile

2. Based on Complexity platforms (e.g., mobilebanking apps).

Emphasize user experience.

a. Simple Projects: Low bning
complexity,
straightforward requirements (e.g., static c. Enterprise Software: Business-oriented,
websites). integrates with existing systems (e.g., ERP

systems). Use extensive testing.

b. Complex Projccts: High complexity.

evolving requirements (e.g., AI systems). d. Embedded Systems: Real-time processing,

hardware-software integration (e.g., medical

3. Based on Application Domain devices).

a. Web Development: Focused on web

4. Based on DevelopmentMethodology 5.Based on Client Type

a. Agile Projgcts: Iterative development, a. Internal Projccts: Developed for internal

customercollaboration (e.g., modern tech rganizational use (e.g..intranet applications).
projects). Use Scrum, Kanban. Direct stakeholder involvement.

b. Waterfall Projgets; Sequential phases, b. External Projects; Developed for external

detailed upfront planning (e.g., government clients (e.g.,commercialsoftware products).

contracts). Use stage-gatereviews. Emphasize client relationship management.

c.

and
Hybrid Projects:

waterfall
Combinationof agile
practices (e.g., large enterprise
@br
projects). Adaptable approach.
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 AKTU
B.Tech 3rd year

Software
Project
Management
UNIT: 4
+ Free notes
[ONE-SHOT ]
Most important PYQ solutions
 Questions
What do you understand by "Earned Value Analysis"?

Explain the following term: SPM framework with example, prect

estimation model, milestone chart.

What are the Dimensions of Project Monitoring & Control? Discuss

using example.
Write short notes
Discuss Interpretation of Earned Value Indicators.

on Error Tracking, Cost Variance, and Pair programming.

are the
Discuss the different steps of preparing the schedule. What

by Schedule?
Inputsand outputs required
What do you understand by
"Earned Value Analysis"? • Detect Deviations; By comparing
planned
and actual values, EVA identifies cost and
.Earned Value Analysis (EVA)is a schedule variances,

project is not
showing where the
meeting expectations.
project management technique used to
• Forecast Future Performance: EVA uses
assess project performanceand progress
current performance data to predict future
in a systematicmanner.
project costs and timelines, helping
managers make informed decisions about
• It integrates three critical dimensions of
resource allocation and project
project management: scope, time, and
adjustments.
cost.

re
Use Earned Value Analysis (EVA)
Advantages

•Monitor Project Progress: EVA tracks

Objgctive Data:Provides clear,

how much work has been completed quantitative insights into project

compared to the plan, providing a clear performance.

picture of project status.
 • Early Problem Detection: Highlights
Explainthe following term: SPM
issues early, allowing for corrective framework with example, project
actions.
estimation model, milestone chart.
. Integrated Metrics: Combines scope,
Software Project Management (SPM)
time, and cost into a single analysis.
Framework:
- Enbanced Forecasting;Improves

accuracy in predicting future costs and

.A structured approach to managing
software development projects.
timelines.
. Itincludes methodologies, tools, and

processes to plan, execute, and control

Disadvantages

•Complex
Learn Requires
Implementation:
software projects effectively.

detailed and data collection.

planning
Example:
• Resource Intensive:Demands The Agile framework is a popular SPM
Significant effort tomaintain accuracy. framework. It emphasizes iterative

• Quality of Data: Relies heavily on development, collaboration, and flexibility.

precise and timely data input. Teams work in short cycles (sprints) to deliver

Small, incremental changes to the software.

 Project Estimation
.Techniquesand methods Model:
used to
.Milestones are significant points or

predict the time, cost, and resources goals in a project, such as the
required to complete a project. completion of a major phase or delivery
• It helps in planning, budgeting, and of a critical component.
resource allocation.

Example: Example: arnir?

The COCOMO (ConstructiveCost Model) is a In asoftware development project, a milestone
widely used estimation model in software chart might include:
engineering. It estimates based
project costs
• Project Kickoff (start date)
the size of the software (measured in lines of
code or function points) and various project • Requirements Gathering Complete (end of
month l)
attributes (e.g., complexity, team experience).
COCOMO provides estimates for different
project phases, such as design, coding, and
.Design Phase Complete (endof month 2)
• FirstPrototype Delivered (endofmonth 3)
testing.
• Final Testing Complete (endofmonth 5)
•Project Launch (endof month 6)
Milestone Chart:
A visual representation of the key
events or milestones in a project
timeline.
What arethe Dimensionsof Project 1. Scope Management
Monitoring & Control? Discuss using
example. Definition: Ensuring the project includes all

the work required, and only the work

Dimensions of Project Monitoring & Control required, to completethe project successfully.
Project monitoring and control involve
several key dimensions to ensurea project
2. Time Management
remains on track and meets its goals. These
dimensions include:
Definition:
earnir
Planning and controlling the
1. Scope Management schedule to ensure timely completion of the
2.Time Management project.
3.Cost Management

4.Quality Management 3.Cost Management

Management
5. Risk
6.Communication Management Definition: Planning, estimating, budgeting,
7.Resource Management and controlling costs to keep the project
within the approved budget.
4. Quality Management 7. Resource Management

Definition: Ensuring that the project willsatisfy

the needs for which it was undertaken, focusing Definition: Planning, allocating, and
on both the processes and the final deliverables. monitoring resources (people, equipment,
materials) to ensure they are used efficiently
5.Risk Management and effectively.

ning
Definition: Identifying, analyzing, and
Example:
responding to projectrisks to minimizetheir
impacton the prject. Project:
ilearn
Launching a new product.
• Scope Management: Define the product
features and launch activities (e.g.,
6. Communication Management
product design, marketing campaign).
Definition: Ensuring timely and appropriate • Time Management: Create a timeline
generation, collection, distribution, and storage with key milestones such as prototype
ofproject information. development, testing, and launch date.
• Cost Management:Budget for Discuss Interpretationof Earned Value
development, marketing, and distribution Indicators.Write short notes on Error
costs; monitor expenses to stay within Tracking, Cost Variance, and Pair
budget. programming.
• Quality Management:Set product quality Interpretation of Earned Value Indicators:
standards, conducttests to ensure the

product meets these standards before Earned Value_(EV):Represents the value

launch.
of work actually performed. It is a
• Risk Management:Identify risks like measure of project progress.
supplierdelays,develop contingency plans.
Communication Management:

regular team meetings, update

Hold . Planned Value (PV); Represents the value
of work planned to be done by a certain

stakeholders through reports and emails. date.

• Resource Management:Allocate team

members to different tasks, ensure • Actual Cost_(AC): Represents the actual

equipment and materials are available cost incurred for the work performed by a
when needed. certain date.
Cost Variance (CV):
Error Tracking:
CV=EV-AC
Definition: Error tracking is the process of
•Interpretation: CV indicates the
Positive
identifying, recording, and managing errors
project is under budget. Negative CV or defects in a prect to ensure theyare
indicates the project is over budget.
resolved effectively.

Schedule Variance (SV):

SV=EV-PV
Importance:
arnin
• Helps maintain product quality by
•Interpretation: Positive SV indicates the

project is ahead of schedule. Negative SV .identifying issues early.

Provides data for analyzing trends and

indicates the project is behind schedule. improving processes.
•Ensures accountability and facilitates
Cost Performance Index (CPI): communication among team members.
CPI=EV/AC
Example: Using an error tracking tool like JIRA,
where developers log software bugs, assign them to
Schedule Performance Index (SPI):
team members, and track their resolution status.
SPI=EV/PV
Cost Variance (CV): Pair Programming
Definition: Cost Variance is a key earned value Definition: Pair programmingis an agile
indicator that measures the difference between
software development technique where two
the earned value (EV)and the actual cost programmerswork together at oneworkstation.
(AC). One writes code (the "driver"), while the other
reviewseach line of code as it is written (the
Interpretation:

• Positive
ning
CV; Indicates the project is under
"observer'"

Benefits:
or "navigator").

budget, meaning the cost of the work • Improves code quality through continuous
review.
performed is less than expected.
•Enhances team collaboration and
• Negative CV:Indicates the project isover
budget, meaning the cost of the work
knowledge sharing.

performed exceeds the budget. •Reduces the likelihood of defects and

errors.

Example: In a software development team,

EV is S50,000 and its
Example: Ifa project's
developerswork on the same piece of code
ACis S45,000, the CV is $5,000, indicating the
together, taking turnsin writing and reviewing,
project is under budget.
Discuss the different steps of Sequence Activities
preparing the schedule. What are the Description: Determine the logical
Inputsand outputs required by
order of tasks,considering
Schedule?
dependencies and constraints.
Inputs: Activity list, activity attributes,
Steps of Preparing the Schedule:
milestones list, project scope
statement.
-Define Activities
Outputs: Project schedulenetwork
Description: Identify and document and
diagrams, updated activity list

the specific tasks required to attributes.

complete the project. • Estimate Activity Durations

Inputs: Project scpe statenment.

Description: Assess the amount of
work breakdown structure (WBS), time each task will take to complete.

enterprise environmental factors, Inputs: Activity list, activity attributes,

organizationalprocess assets. resource requirements, resource

Outputs: Activity list, activity scope statement,

calendars, project

attributes, milestones list. enterprise environmental factors.

 Outputs:Activity duration baseline, schedule data, project
estimates, basis ofestimates. document updates.

•Develop Schedule . Control Schedule

Description: Create the project Description: Monitor the project
schedule by combining activity status to update the project schedule

sequences, durations, resource and manage changes to the schedule

baseline.
requirements, and constraints.
•Inputs: Activity list, activity Inputs:Project schedule, schedule

attributes, project schedule network baseline, work performance data,

calendars, schedule data,

diagrams,resource requirements, project

process assets.
resource calendars, activity duration
organizational

Qutputs: Work performance

estimates, scope statement,
factors, information,schedule forecasts,
enterprise environmental
change requests, project management
organizationalprocess assets.
plan updates, project document
Outputs:Project schedule (Gantt
updates.
schedule
chart, network diagram),
 AKTU
B.Tech 3rd year

Software
Project UNIT:5
Management [ONE-SHOT]
+Free notes

Most importantPYQ solutions

 Questions
Discuss The Oldham-Hackman job characteristic model.

Explain the SEI/CMM Process model with its maturity levels and the
key prOcess areas for each

Explain Software Quality Attributes.

level?
ar
Discuss the factors that influence staffing decisions in SPM and
decisions project outcomes
evaluate the impact of poor staffing in

Explain Professional and ethical concerns in Softwareproject

management.
Discuss The Oldham-Hackman job
•Task Significance: knowingyourjobhas a
characteristic model.
important impact on others.

. The Oldham-Hackman Job

Autonomy: Having freedom
howyou do yourjob.
to decide

Characteristics Model explainshow job

design influences employeemotivation,
. Feedback: Clear information about your
performance.
satisfaction, and productivity.

•It identifies five core job characteristics,

Critical Psychological arnii
States:
three critical psychological states, and
their impact on work outcomes. Experienced Meaningfulness: Feeling that

yourwork is important.
Core Job Characteristics: • Experienced Responsibility: Feeling

responsible for the outcomes of your

• Skill Variety: Using different skills and work.

talents in yourjob. • Knowledge of Results: Knowing how well

• Task Identity: Conmpleting a entire youare doing, resulting from feedback.

work from start to finish.

Work Outcomes:
Explain the SEl/CMM Process model
with its maturity levels and the key
•High internal work motivation process areas for each level?
•High-quality work performance
•High satisfaction .The SEICapability Maturity Model
. Low
with the work
absenteeism and turnover
(CMM) is a framework developedby
the Software Engineering Institute

(SE) to help organizations improve

Practical Applications:
arning their software development processes.

•Redesjgn Jobs: Change jobs to enhance

•It defines five maturity levels, each with
core characteristics.
key process areas that organizations
• Job Enrichment: Add meaningful tasks.

. Work Analysis: Evaluate and improve

should focus on to achieve that level.

job design. .The goalof the CMM is to provide a

•Employee Development: Match jobs structured path for process
with employee's skills and interests. improverment.
Maturity Levels and Key Process Areas: • Key PrOcess Areas:

Level 1:Initial . Requirements Management:Ensuring

requirements are documentedand
Characteristics: Processes are
agreed upon.
unpredictable, poorly controlled,and
reactive. Success often depends on • Project Planning: Establishing
individual efforts. reasonable plans for project activities.

• Key PrOcess Areas: None defined.At • Project Monitoring and Control:

processes are usually ad hoc
this level,
Monitoring project progress and taking
andchaotic.
corrective actions.

Level 2:Repeatable - Supplier Agreement Management:

Managing relationships with suppliers.
. Characteristics:Basic project . Measurementand Analysis: Collecting
management processes are established.
and analyzing project
Successes can be repeated due to past
experiences.
. data.

Process and Product Quality Assurance:

Ensuring processes and products me

quality standards.
 . Configuration Management: Managing
Verification:Ensuring products meet
changesto project artifacts.
specified requirements.

Level 3: Defined
.
Validation:
intended use.
Ensuring products fulfilltheir

• Organizational Process Focus:

•Characteristics:Processes are well
characterized and understood, and are Establishing and maintaining process
described in standards, procedures, tools, improvementactivities.
and methods. . Organizational Process Definition:
• Key PrOCess Areas:
Defining and maintaining process

.Requirements Development: Eliciting,

analyzing, and validating requirements. .
descriptions

Organizational
and standards.
Training: Developing
Technical Solution: Designing, developing, skills and knowledgenecessary to

and implementingsolutions. perform roles effectively.

•Product Integration: Assembling the
product from components and ensuring
it

functions properly.
 • Integrated Project Management: •Organizational Process Performance:

Integratingproject management and Establishing process performance

process improvement activities. baselines and models.

•Risk Management: ldentifying and
5;Optimizing
.mitigating project risks.

Decision Analysis and Resolution:

Level

• Characteristics: Focus on continuous

Evaluating and selecting among
alternative solutions. process improvement through incremental
and innovative improvements.
• Key Process Areas:
Level 4:Managed

• Characteristics;
learni
Processes are measured
Organizational
Innovation and
innovative
Deployment: Deploying
and controlled. The organization uses processes and technologies.
metrics to manage processes and
products.
• Causal Analysis and Resolution: Identifying
• Key Process Areas:
and addressing root causes ofdefects and
Quantitative Project Managemnent: problems.
performance using
Managing project

quantitative data.
Explain Software Quality Attributes.
.Usability: Evaluates how easy and
intuitive the software is for users to
• Software Quality Attributes are
perate.
characteristics thatdefine and measure
Efficiency: Assesses the software's
the quality of asoftware product.
performance in terms of response time

and resource usage.

• They ensure the software meets user
• Maintainability: Determines how easy it

needs, performs well, and is maintainable.

isto modify, fix,or update the software.

Portability: Gauges how easily the

Here are key attributes:
software can be transferred to different

. Functionality: Ensures the software

its intended tasks accurately

environments.

performs
and securely.
• Reliability: Measures how consistently
its
and dependably the softwareperforms
functions.
Discuss the factors that influence
staffing decisions in SPM and
• Budget Constraints: Hiring costs and
evaluate the impact of poor staffing
overall project budget.
decisions in project outcomes.
•Geographical Considerations: On-site
versus remote work and time zone
Factors Influencing Staffing Decisions in

Software Project Management (SPM):

. coordination.

Organizational Policies and Culture: HR

policies,hiring processes, andcultural fit.
• Project Requirements: Specific skills and
expertise needed to meet prect
•Project Timeline: Urgency of deadlines
influencing the speed of stafling decisions.
demands.
and • Technology Stack: Specific technologies
• Team Composition: Balance of junior
and tools required for the project.
senior members to ensure mentorship
• Past Performance: Historical data on staff
and productivity.
performance in similar projects.
• Resource Availability: Availability of

internal staff versus the need for external

. Market Conditions: Availability of skilled

professionals in thejob market.

hires.
Impact Poor Staffing Decisions on Project
• ScopeCreep: Inexperienced staff may
of

Outcomes:
fail to manage prect scope

.Missed Deadlines: Inadequate staffing

effectively.

Communication Issues: Poorly

leadsto overburdened teams and delays.
coordinated teamscan result in
.Reduced Quality: Overworked or
misunderstandings and errors.
mismatched staff result in poor product
. Client Dissatisfaction: Failure to meet

.quality.

Increased Costs: Errors and high

client expectations can damage
and
turnover lead to costly rework and new
hires.
.relationships reputation.
Resource Drain: Misallocated

.Low Team Morale: Overstaffing or poor

resources can drain other projects
impact overall productivity.
and

team dynamics reduce motivation and

• Inflexibility: Poor staffing decisions
collaboration.

.
Project Failure: Inability to m
can makeit hard to adapt to changes
or unexpected challenges.
requirements and budget overruns can
lead toproject collapse.
Explain Professionaland ethical • Respect for Diversity: Valuing diverse
concerns in Software project perspectives, backgrounds, and cultures
management. in the workplace.

Professional Concerns:
Ethical Concerns:
Competence:Ensuring team members
possess the necessary skills and expertise ning
• Client Interests: Prioritizing the interests
for their roles. and needs of clients or stakeholders.

Integrity: Upholding honesty and Quality andSafety: Maintaining high

transparency in allproject quality standards and ensuring user

communications and actions.

.Confidentiality: Safeguarding sensitive .safety.

Fair Treatment: Providing equal

project information from unauthorized pportunities and fair treatment to all

access or disclosure. team members.

Development: Commitment Avoiding Conflicts of Interest: Preventing

• Professional
to continuous learning and skill personal interests from conflicting with

enhancement. project objectives

• Environmental Responsibility: Considering
the environmental impactof project
activities.

.
and
regulations,
to
LegalCompliance: Adhering laws,
industry standards.
THANK YOU!
.Honest Communication:Communicating SUBSCRIBE
honestly and transparently with
stakeholders.

obre
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