CE 412A : WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER DISPOSAL SYSTEMS, 2022-23-II

The course has two components: Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal System. The first part Water Supply system
(up to mid-semester exam) will be taken by me and after mid-sem, Dr. Vinod Tare will take the Wastewater Disposal
Systems. The first component has a weightage of 40% and second component 60%.
Introduction and Scope; Analysis and Design of Water Treatment Systems from raw water to potable water
including water distribution system. There will be a major tutorial of 1 hr 50 minutes once a week for practice and
design of water system. It is expected by the end of water supply component, you should be able to design and
produce drawings for a complete water supply system for large urban area, particularly from surface water as its
source.
The grading scheme (for water supply component (40%): Two quizzes of 3% each; tutorial report 10% (you lose 1%
on missing every one tutorial); Mid-sem exan 24%.
Office hours: Thursdays 5 to 6 pm.
Dr. Tare will inform about grading scheme for wastewater component later.

References/Textbooks:
Environmental Engineering. Authors: H. Peavy, D. Row and G. Tchobanoglous. Publisher: Tata McGrawHill.
Water Supply and Pollution Control. Authors: Warren Viessman Jr. and Mark J.Hammer. 7'h Edition 2005.
Publisher: Pearson Education (Indian Edition Available).
Wastewater Engineering; Treatment, Disposal, Reuse. Editors: Metcalf & Eddy. 3'dEdition (1995). Publisher: Tala
McGrawHill (Indian Edition Available).Additional class notes and reference material will be provided during
lectures, either in softcopy or hardcopy f6m1s.

Mukesh Sharma
Email: [email protected]
Office: WLE 112B, phone 7759
 Urban Water Cycle

Intake
Water Treatment Storage

Recycle Water Wastewater

Distribution Collection
Network Network

River
Disposal
Wastewater Treatment

Reuse
Disposal, Reuse and Recycling

Due to the addition of impurities during beneficial use, water is transformed to

wastewater.

This wastewater may be discharged to aquatic or terrestrial environments provided

the relevant discharge standards are attained through wastewater treatment. This is
known as wastewater disposal.

Alternatively, the wastewater may be used for certain other beneficial purpose,
provided adequate treatment is given to the wastewater to conform to the water
quality standards for that beneficial use. This procedure of using water for multiple
beneficial uses is known as reuse.

Alternatively, the wastewater may be used for the same beneficial purpose as before,
provided adequate treatment is given to the wastewater such that it again conforms to
the standards for the original beneficial use. This procedure for using water for the
same beneficial use is known as recycling.
 Water Intake Structure: Perennial River

Pump (multiple
with redundancy)
Pipe supporting structure

Water Intake

Wet Season
Ground Level

Dry Season
Piers

River

Well Screen
 Water Intake Structure: Dry River

Pump

Pipe supporting structure

Water Intake

Ground Level

Dry River Piers

Water Table

Well Screen

Bottom-line: Ensure sufficient water quantity Or provide check dam, weir to enhance water level
throughout the year. Also account HFL. Why? slightly downstream
 Water Intake Structure: Deep Tube Wells

Pump

Pipe supporting structure

Water Intake
Ground Level

Water Table

Well Screen
 Water Quantity

As per the IS 1172

Determine present resident population

Present average domestic water demand = 135 lpcd (national norm)

Estimate present temporary population

Present temporary water demand = 40 lpcd

Estimate future population

Future average domestic water demand = 235 lpcd

Estimate future temporary population

Future temporary water demand = 60 lpcd

Commercial demand = 50 percent of domestic demand

Horticultural demand = 0.5 cm-acre / d (1 acre = 4046.86 m2)

Average Daily Demand = Domestic + Temporary + Commercial + Horticultural

Fire Demand (in m3)= 100*(Population in thousands)0.5

Storage = (Maximum Hourly Demand – Maximum Daily Demand)*Storage time + Fire Demand
• IITK Statistics
– 12 Tubewells at 300 m
– Motor: 25 HP
– Operation 11-12 hrs winter
– 12-16 hrs summers
– Water uses (annual data): 6.0 MLD
– Population 15-17 x 1000
– LPCD: 350 (way too high)
- Electricity Ex (total) = 4.5 Cr
- Water supply Elec Cost?
Calculation of Water Demand

A developer has 100 acres of land available for development. The design period is 20 years, i.e.,
2014 – 2033. It is stipulated that 30 percent of the available land area may be used for
development of residential and commercial spaces, 10 percent be used for roads and other
infrastructural facilities, and the remaining 60 percent be maintained as a park. Allowable Floor
Area Ratio (FAR) is 2.5. Assume that 75 percent of the built up area will be used for residential
purposes.

The objective is to calculate estimated population and water demand which will be adequate at the
end of the design period. Water is available from a river flowing near the site.
Calculation of Water Demand

A developer has 100 acres of land available for development. The design period is 20 years, i.e.,
2014 – 2033. It is stipulated that 30 percent of the available land area may be used for
development of residential and commercial spaces, 10 percent be used for roads and other
infrastructural facilities, and the remaining 60 percent be maintained as a park. Allowable Floor
Area Ratio (FAR) is 2.5. Assume that 75 percent of the built up area will be used for residential
purposes.

The objective is to calculate estimated population and water demand which will be adequate at the
end of the design period. Water is available from a river flowing near the site.

Population Estimation:

Land available = 100 acres

Built-up area = 30 acres
FAR = 2.5
Allowable floor area = 2.5.(100) = 250 acres = 250.(4046) = 1,011,500 m2
Average building height = 1011500/{(30).(4046)} = 8 stories
Residential Area = (0.75).(1011500) = 758,625 m2
Population Density = 25 m2 / person
Expected Population in 2033 = 758625/25 = 30345
 Estimation of Water Demand in 2033

Average per capita domestic water demand = 235 lpcd

Average domestic water demand = 235.(30345)/106 = 7.13 MLD

Temporary population = 10000

Average per capita temporary water demand = 60 lpcd
Average temporary water demand = 60.(10000)/106 = 0.60 MLD

Commercial water demand = 0.5.(7.13) = 3.57 MLD

Horticultural demand = (0.5/100).(60).(4046)/1000 = 1.21 MLD

Average daily demand = 7.13 + 0.60 + 3.57 + 1.21 = 12.51 MLD

Maximum Daily demand = (1.8).(12.51) = 22.52 MLD

(The water intake pumps and the water treatment plant must be designed for this value)

Peak hourly demand = 3.(12.51) = 37.53 MLD

(the distribution system must be designed for this value)

Fire Demand = (100/1000).(30345/1000)0.5 = 0.55 ML

Duration of storage = 6 hours
Total Storage = (37.53 – 22.52).(6/24) + 0.55 = 4.30 ML
(provided in underground or overhead tanks)