Machine Learning

Initial Interview
Guide

Welcome to your prep guide for your machine learning (ML) initial
What You’ll Find interview at Meta. Our ML engineers and recruiters put together
in This Guide
this guide so you know what to expect and how to prepare.
Time
Before you get started, it's important to note that Meta is
Interview Overview committed to providing reasonable support (called
Prep Guide for Your accommodations) in our recruiting processes for candidates with
Initial Screen disabilities, long term conditions, mental health conditions or
sincerely held religious beliefs, or who are neurodivergent or require
What Success Looks Like
pregnancy-related support. If you need support, please reach out to
11 Tips for Your Initial Screen [email protected] or your recruiter.
Appendix / Resources

Time
Preparation and how much time your interview will take
Prep Time
Start your prep early. Before your interview date, be sure to spend time practicing
your coding, algorithmic, and problem-solving skills.

45 Minutes to Interview
Your conversation with an engineer will be divided into the following time blocks:

• Introductions: 5 minutes.
Let’s get to know each other. We’ll talk about us and you’ll talk about who you
are, where you’ve trained and worked, and what your areas of expertise are.

• Coding: 35 minutes.
Solve one or more coding problems focused on computer science
fundamentals like algorithms, data structures, recursions, and binary trees. If
your tech screen is by phone, the engineer will send you a collaborative editor
(such as CoderPad).

• Your Questions: 5 minutes.

Take this brief opportunity to learn more about working at Meta from an
engineer’s point of view. Think about what you find interesting and challenging
about the work you’d be doing.
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Interview Overview
How is your initial tech screen structured?
Your interview will be by phone with an engineer, and you’ll be coding remotely on
CoderPad, so make sure you’ve practiced using it to code. Also, check your tech so
it’s solidly operable—fully charged, good internet connection, and hands-free.

The interview is formatted to see how candidates can quickly come up with the
most efficient solution to a problem in their head first, and then quickly code it
without logic flaws. You’ll need to think of corner / edge cases before and while you
code, then check your code at the end. The coding problem is worked out by hand
on the digital whiteboard so the interviewer is able to see your thought process and
collaborate with you.

Content
The content of the screen could cover a variety of topics, but generally interviewers
want to assess your ability to develop original software in a short period of time.
Interview topics may cover anything on your resume, including:

Critical Topics:
Data Structures: Algorithms:

• Arrays and lists • Search: iterator, binary, hash

• Binary trees • Sort: merge, quick, bucket

• Hash tables • Graph traversals: BFS, DFS

• Stacks and queues • Complexity, Big O notation

• Graphs • Recursion

Nice to Have:
Data Structures: Algorithms:

• Trie • Randomized quicksort

• Heap • Dynamic programming

• Set • Heap sort, radix sort

• Red-black trees • Spanning tree, minimum cut

We may pose some of the coding problems as an ambiguous, real-world problem,

and we’ll ask you to interpret the problem and apply your knowledge to find a
solution. You’ll need to interpret the coding knowledge that you have for that
particular situation. Interviewers are looking for insight into your thought process,
creative solutions, ability to work out more than one way to solve a problem, and
ability to talk through your rationale for choosing a certain way to approach solving
the problem. So, you could perhaps recommend an algorithm, code up a solution
using that algorithm, analyze the runtime of your code and then optimize your
solution.

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Prep Guide for Your Initial Screen
From big picture to the specifics, this is how our engineers suggest
you prepare
In general
• Do as many coding questions as you can. Go to Program Creek and review
the Top 10 algorithms for a coding interview. Try to pick a few of the classic
examples to solve by hand and from scratch on a blank sheet of paper. Time
yourself so you’re completing each question within 15 – 20 minutes. This
exercise should best prepare you with what to expect during the interview.

•  amiliarize yourself with key data structures and algorithms. Really important
F
structures include (but are not limited to) lists, arrays, hash tables, stacks,
queues, graphs, various flavors of trees and tries, and heaps. Knowing about
balanced trees couldn’t hurt. It’s really important to know about major types
of sorts (mergesort, quicksort, radix sort, etc.), searches, and traversals (BFS,
DFS). Knowing how to find a spanning tree or a minimum cut, or knowing
about dynamic programming could be nice to have. Be able to discuss the Big
O complexity of your approaches. Definitely know when and when not to use
recursion.

•  ocus on talking through your logic. Your reasoning is important. Engineering

F
is all tradeoffs. Be able to discuss those.

More specifically…
To get a deeper sense of what we mean, visit our Meta Engineering Interview Prep
pages to see what tips engineers have for initial and onsite interviews.

Prep exercises
Take these actions to test your knowledge:

• Review this Diagram to break down interview questions.

• Study the Data Structures. This guide will give you an overview of how to
implement each one. Your goal should be to know how to code these out.
• Read the book Cracking the Coding Interview. You’ll start to notice the
solution rotates around recursion and a data structure.
• Practice real questions online like LeetCode Regular Problem Sets. Attempt
to solve medium and hard problems. You should be able to consistently get
through medium
to hard problems within 40 minutes and at an optimal complexity.
• There is no need to learn or know how to do dynamic programming or
memorization.
• Get in the habit of communicating your thought process out loud.
• Request a Mock Interview with a Meta Engineer (E5/E6 only). If your
technical screen is at least 10 days away, you're able to request a 1:1 practice
interview with a Meta Engineer through your Career Profile. Ask your
recruiter if you have questions.

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What Success Looks Like
Considerations that lead to a positive outcome
Interviewers will weigh the success of an interview based on the approach as
much as the answer. They’ll funnel your performance based on the following
considerations:

• Do you listen carefully and comprehend the question?

• Are you asking the correct questions before proceeding?

• Do you hear and heed hints?

• Are you quick to comprehend / solve problems?

• Do you enjoy finding multiple solutions before selecting the best one?

• Are you looking for new ideas and methods of tackling a problem?

• Are you inventive and flexible in your solutions and open to new ideas?

• Can questioning move up to more complex problem solving?

11 Tips for Your Initial Screen

What to keep in mind while you’re interviewing
1. Avoid misunderstanding.
When we ask you to provide a solution, first define and develop a framework
of the problem as you see it. Ask for help or clarification and spend two to five
minutes asking the interviewer about corner cases on the problem. This will
ensure that you’ve understood the problem correctly.

2. Think out loud.

It helps your interviewer follow along, learn about your problem-solving skills,
and provide hints if needed.

3. Write a working solution and iterate.

It’s better to have a non-optimal but working solution than random fragments
of an optimal but unfinished solution.

4. Hints.
If your interviewer gives you hints to improve your code, please run with them.

5. Don’t worry about memorizing tables of runtimes or API calls.

It’s always good to know how to figure out approximate runtimes on the fly but
the code you write is more important.

6. If your solution is getting messy, step back.

Most coding interview questions are designed to have reasonably elegant
solutions. If you have if-else blocks and special cases everywhere, you might be
taking the wrong approach. Look for patterns and try to generalize.

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7. Plan your approach.
Ensure that you spend time planning your approach but remember you can
always go brute force and then optimize from there.

8. Clarifying questions.
Make sure you’re asking clarifying questions as you go along (there won’t be
tricks but ensure you have all the info you need).

9. Think of cool things that you’ve done in engineering.

You’ll likely talk about things you’ve made.

10. Questions.
You’ll most likely have some time at the end for questions for your interviewer.
Some people find it easier to come up with a few questions in advance rather
than think of them on the spot.

11. Cancelling.
Don’t hesitate to cancel if something comes up. If you won’t have a quiet space, a
good internet connection, and a good phone connection, or you had to stay up all
night with a sick child or broken system, please reschedule. We want you at your
best and will be happy to move your interview to a better time.

Appendix / Resources
Links to exercises, information, and guides to help you prepare
For your initial tech screen, our engineers collected some helpful resources with
content and activities. Take a look through the list as you prepare.

Coding questions
•  areerCup: Archive of interview questions by the author of Cracking the
C
Coding Interview.

• Glassdoor: Archive of interview questions and reviews of interviews.

• Project Euler: Coding problems, but not interview questions.

• GeeksforGeeks Interview Questions

• Cracking the Coding Interview

• CodeChef

• Use CodeRunner App, an editor to practice your algorithms.

• To study runtime complexity, use Big-O Cheat Sheet.

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Resources from Meta
• Software Engineering Interview Q&A: A video about how to prepare for
coding interviews at Meta.
• Open Source at Meta website

Background Information about Meta

• Meta Quarterly Earnings website
• Engineering Blog: The Meta Engineering blog. Certainly not required reading,
but highlights neat stuff we’ve built or open-sourced.
• Meta Newsroom website
• Meta Life website
• Meta Diversity website

Helpful books
•  racking the Coding Interview by Gayle McDowell. Best-known and best-
C
selling book about software interviews.

• I ntroduction to Algorithms by Cormen, et al. The classic textbook on

algorithms and data structures.

• Elements of Programming Interviews: The Insiders’ Guide by Adnan Aziz.

•  rogramming Pearls by Jon Bentley. Not about interviews, but a fun book
P
about programming tricks.

Thank you for taking the time to review this guide!