wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% Wiia fm<

12 iy 13 fY%aKs

Wiia .Ks;h
úIh ks¾foaYh
^2009 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fõ&

.Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=j
úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
 1'0 ye¢kaùu

w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& Wiia .Ks;h

kj f,djg .e<fmk ks¾udKYS,S ore mrmqrla ìys lsÍu wOHdmkfha mrud¾:h hs' fï i|yd mdi,a úIhud,dj ksr;=rej ixj¾Okh úh hq;=
w;r ld,Sk wjYH;d wkqj úIh ks¾foaYh o ixfYdaOkh úh hq;= nj wOHdmk{hskaf.a u;h hs'

fï wkqj w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& i|yd j¾I 1998 § y÷kajd § l%shd;aul lrk ,o wOHdmk m%;sixialrKj,ska miq j¾I 2009 § ksmqK;d mdol
úIh ks¾foaYhla y÷kajd §ug ;SrKh úh' fuf;la meje;s ikaOdr.; úIh ks¾foaYh u.ska bf.kqï-b.ekaùï-we.hSï l%shdj,sfha § ksYaÑ;
ksmqK;d fyda ksmqK;d uÜgï m%udKj;a f,i y÷kajd §ula isÿ ù fkdue;s ùu o fuu kj m%;sixialrK we;s lr,Sug fya;= idOl jQ lreKq
w;r m%Odk ia:dkhla .kq ,nhs' fuf;la l%shd;aul jQ ikaOdr.; úIhud,dj ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,djla jYfhka fjkia lrñka j¾I 2009
isg l%shd;aul lsÍug ie,iqï lr ;sfí' tfia u j¾I 2007 § 6 jk iy 10 jk fY%aKsfhka werô kj wOHdmk m%;sixialrK l%shdj,sfha o
6 jk iy 10 jkfY%aKsj, .Ks;h úIhh i|yd ksmqK;d mdol úIh ks¾foaY y÷kajd fokq ,eî h' wk;=rej tu l%shdj,shu wkq.ukh lrñka
7 jk iy 11 jk fY%aKs i|yd o ksmqK;d mdol úIh ks¾foaY y÷kajd fokq ,enQ w;r j¾I 2009 § 8 jk fY%aKsh yd 12 jk fY%aKsh i|yd o
ksmqK;d mdol úIh ks¾foaY y÷kajd §ug kshñ; h' ta wkqj 10 jk iy 11 jk fY%aKs .Ks;h úIh" ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,djlg wkql+,j
bf.kSfï lghq;=j, fhÿkq isiqkg w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& Wiia .Ks;h úIhud,dj o ksmqK;d mdolj ,nd §fï wjYH;dj o u;= ù ;sfnkakls'

kj wOHdmk m%;sixialrK hgf;a 6 jk fY%aKsfha isg 11 jk fY%aKsh olajd .Ks;h W.;a isiqjd ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,djla Tiafia
wOHhdmkh yodrd 12 jk fY%aKsfha § Wiia .Ks;h yeoEÍug we;=<;a fõ' tneúka 12 jk yd 13 jk fY%aKsj, § isiqjdf.a wkd.; wjYH;d i|yd
wjYH yelshd" l=i,;d yd m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSï ,efnk mßÈ kj Wiia .Ks;h úIh ks¾foaYh ilia lr we;' fuu úIh ks¾foaYh wOHhkfhka"
13 jk fY%aKsh wjidkfha § fuys we;=<;a ish¨ ksmqK;d idlaId;a lr .ekSug isiqjdg yelsjkq we;'

ksmqK;d uÜgï Tiafia" ksmqK;d lrd <`.d ùug isiqjdg yelsjk w;r tla tla ksmqK;dj hgf;a Bg wod< ksmqK;d uÜgï i|yka lr we;'
tfia u fuu ksmqK;d uÜgï lrd <`.d ùug isiqjd úiska wOHhkh l< hq;= úIh lreKq o tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgug wod<j i|yka lr we;'
mka;s ldurfha § bf.kqï - b.ekaùï yd we.hSï l%shdj,sh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd wjYH fhdað; ld,Éfþo .Kk o úIh ks¾foaYh ;=< i|yka
lr we;'

1
kj úIhud,dj hgf;a fuf;la úia;r l< lreKqj,g wu;r j" óg fmr Wiia .Ks;h úIh ks¾foaYh hgf;a we;=<;a lr ;snQ "Wiia
.Ks;h b.ekaùfï wruqKq" fuu kj úIh ks¾foaYh i|yd o j,x.= jk w;r tajd my; i|yka lr we;'

• w'fmd'i' ^id'fm<& .Ks;h yd w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& Wiia .Ks;h w;r mr;rh wju lsÍu'
• bxðfkare úoHdj yd fN!;Sh úoHdj hk mdGud,d yeoEÍu i|yd wjYH .Ks; oekqu ,nd §u'
• ;D;Sh uÜgfï ;dlaIKsl iy fjk;a mdGud,d yeoEÍu i|yd wjYH .Ks; oekqu ,nd §u'
• jdKsc uÜgfï iy fjk;a uOHu uÜgfï /lshd i|yd wjYH .Ks; oekqu ,nd §u'
• isiqkaf.a udkisl l%shdldrlï ;=<ska úúO ksmqK;d lrd <`.d ùug iy tÈfkod Ôú;fha § idlaId;a lr .ekSug ksmqK;d
m%o¾Ykhg wjYH u``.fmkaùu ,nd §u'

2
 2'0 úIh ks¾foaYfha wruqKq

(i) .Ks;h jeäÿr wOHhkh lsÍu i|yd isiqkg mokula ilia lr §u'
(ii) .Ks; l%shdud¾. yd .eg¨ úi£u i|yd Wmdh olaI;d j ms<sn| m<mqreoaola isiqkg ,nd §u'
(iii) .Ks; ;¾lKh ms<sn| YsIH wjfndaOh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu
(iv) .Ks;h flfrys we,au W;af;ackh lsÍu yd jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu

hk .Ks;h bf.kSfï wruqKq bgqjk wdldrhg fuu úIh ks¾foaYfha úIh ikaOdrh ilia lr we;' .Ks;h yqfola oekqug muKla iSud
fkdfldg m%dfhda.sl Ôú;fha § wjYH l=i,;d ,nd §ug o" hy.=K j¾Okh lr ,Sug o úIh ks¾foaYfhka wfmalaIs; h' ksmqK;d mdolj ilia
lr we;s fuu úIh ks¾foaYh u.ska bf.kqï b.ekaùï fidhd ne,Sï l%shdj,sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï §"

• isiqkg w¾:dkaú; wkdjrK (Meaningful Discovery) bf.kqï wjia:d il%sh lsÍu ;=<ska bf.kSu jvd;a YsIH flakaøSh lr .; yels
fõ'
• isiqkg Tjqkaf.a uÜgug .e<fmk úúO ksmqK;d ,nd .ekSug u`. fmkajkq ,efí'
• bf.kqï" b.ekaùï yd fidhd ne,Su wruqKq jvd;a meyeÈ,s fõ'
• .=rejrhdf.a b,lal jvd;a iqúfYaIS fõ'
• tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgï lrd isiqka <`.d ù we;s m%udKh .=rejrhdg y÷kd.; yels fyhska wjYH m%;sfmdaIK yd bÈß fmdaIK lghq;=
ixúOdkh lsÍug .=rejrhdg myiq fõ'
• .=rejrhdg .;dkq.;sl b.ekaùï l%uj,ska neyer fjñka mßKduk N+ñldjg msúiSug yels fõ'

fuu Wiia .Ks;h úIh ks¾foaYh mka;s ldurh ;=< l%shd;aul lsÍfï § ;jÿrg;a ld,Sk wjYH;d f,i i,ld § we;s ud;Dld hgf;a úúO
ixisoaê iïnkaO lr .ksñka b.ekaùfï l%fudamdh ks¾udKh lr .; hq;= h'

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï - fidhd ne,Sï l%shdj,sfha § tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgï i|yd l%shdldrlï ixúOdkh lr .ekSug bv i,iajd we;s neúka
isiqka <`.d lr .kakd ksmqK;d uÜgï ;lafiare lsÍug;a Tjqka ms<sn| j we.hSula lsÍug;a .=rejrekag myiq jkq we;' mdi,aj, .Ks;h
b.ekaùu yd iïnkaO úúO ld¾h bgqlr .ekSu i|yd Woõjk my; oelafjk úia;r o fuu úIh ks¾foaYfha i|yka lr we;'

3
 úIh ks ¾ foa Y h mdi,a jdr jYfhka fnod .ekS u g fhda ð ; ie,eia u

ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

.Kk
12 fY%aKsh

m<uqjk jdrh

Wiia .Ks;h I
1.1> 1.2 l=,l 25
2.1> 2.2 iïnkaO yd Y%s; 30
Wiia .Ks;h II
1.1 ffoYsl ùch 20
1'3" 1'4 øjiaÓ;sh 20

fojk jdrh

Wiia .Ks;h I
3'1" 3'2" 3'3 nyqmo Y%s; iy mßfïh Y%s; 26
4 wiudk;d 15
Wiia .Ks;h II
1.2 ;%sudk n, moaO;s 20
2'1 ffoYsl l,kh 20
2'2 wxY= moaO;shl p,s;h 20

4
 ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo
.Kk
;=kajk jdrh

Wiia .Ks;h I

15 ;%sfldaKñ;sl Y%s; iy iólrK 15

7'1" 7'2 iSud iy idka;;Hh 13
8'1" 8'2" 8'3 jHq;amkakh 35

Wiia .Ks;h II

2.3 wdfõ.h 15
2'4 n,hl cjh 15
2'5 f¾Çh p,s;h 15

13 fY%aKsh
m<uqjk jdrh

Wiia .Ks;h I
12 O%ejl LKavdxl 10
13'1" 13'2" 13'3 fla;=l 45

Wiia .Ks;h II
2.6 N%uK p,s;h 20
2'7 oaúudk p,s;h 20
1.5 mSvk flakaøh 15

5
ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo
.Kk
fojk jdrh

Wiia .Ks;h I

9'1" 9'2 wkql,kh 30

10 ikaksl¾IK l%u 06
11 wjl, iólrK 15
14 ffoYsl weiqfrka cHdñ;sl m%;sM, 05

Wiia .Ks;h II

3'1" 3'2 úúla; iïNdú;d jHdma;s 60

;=kajk jdrh

Wiia .Ks;h I

5'1" 5'2 kHdi iy ksYapdhl 25

6'1" 6'2 ixlS¾K ixLHd 20

Wiia .Ks;h II

3'3" 3'4 ika;;sl iïNdú;d jHdma;s 50

6
 3'0 úIh ks¾foaYh
Wiia .Ks;h I

ld,Éfþo
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h .Kk
1' l=,l ùch yiqrejhs' s | • Wm l=,l" kshu Wml=,l
1'1 .eg,q úi£u i|yd l=,l ms<n
uQ,sl .Ks; l¾u fhdod .kshs' • i¾j;% l=,lh 10
• wNsY=kH l=,lh
• l=,l wfkal;ajh
• iu l=,l" ;=,H l=,l
• fjka rE igyka
• mßñ; iy wmßñ; l=,l
• fï,h
• fþokh
• wkqmQrlh
• idfmalaI wkqmQrlh ^wka;rh&
• úhqla; l=,l
1'2 .eg¨ úi£u i|yd l=,l ùch • ;foajNdù kHdh
15
Ndú; lrhs' • ix>gk kHdhh
• kHdfoaYH kHdhh
• ú>gk kHdhh
• i¾jiduH kHdhh
• o fuda.ka kshu ^fuu kshu i|yd úêu;a idOk wfmalaId
fkdflf¾&
• by; kshu Ndú;fhka l=,l wdY%s; ffioaOdka;sl m%ldYk
iq¿ lsÍu
• mßñ; l=,l foll fï,fha wjhj ixLHdj i|yd iQ;%

7
 ld,Éfþo
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h .Kk
2' tal úp,H Y%s; 2'1 l=,l w;r iïnkaO újrKh • l=,l .=Ks;h
úYaf,aIKh lrhs' lrhs' • iïnkaOhla w¾: oelaùu iy ksoiqka 15
• .=Ks; l=,lhl Wml=,lhla f,i iïnkaO wdY%s; ksoiqka
• m%;sf,dau iïnkaO ( w¾: oelaùu" ksoiqka
• ;=,H;d iunkaO ( mrdj¾;S" iuñ;sl iy ixl%duH .=K
• l=,lhl úNd.h" ;=,H;d mka;s

2'2 Y%s; újrKh lrhs' • tal - tal fyda nyq - tal iïnkaOhla f,i Y%s; ms<sn|
15
ixl,amh iy Y%s;hl wxlkh
• jiu" iyjiu iy mrdih
• tlg tl iy u;g Y%s;
• Y%s;j, m%ia;dr ( T;af;a" brÜfÜ iy udmdxl Y%s;
• ixhq; Y%s; ( idOdrK jYfhka nj
oelaùu
• m%;sf,dau Y%s;h
• ys m%ia;drfha yevh ksÍlaIKh lsÍfuka"

iy ys
m%ia;drj, yevhka ,nd .ekSu

3' nyqmo Y%s; yd mßfïh 3'1 nyqmo iólrKhl uQ, fiùu • idOl m%fïhh Ndú;h
08
Y%s; yiqrejhs' i|yd idOl m%fïhh Ndú; lrhs'

8
 ld,Éfþo
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h .Kk
3'2 .eg¨ úi£u i|yd iucd;Sh yd • iuñ;sl" l=ál iuñ;sl yd pl%Sh f,i iuñ;sl m%ldYk
S f,i iuñ;sl .=K Wmfhda.S • iucd;Sh yd pl%Sh f,i iuñ;sl nyqmoj, idOl fiùu
pl%h 08
lr .kshs'

3'3 mßfïh Y%s;hl yeisÍu újrKh • wdldrfha m%ldYkhl jeä;u $ wvq;u w.hhka" 10
lrhs'
fuys i|yd wNsu; w.hhka .; yels h'
• by; Y%s;j, m%ia;dr
4' ;d;a ; a ú l ixLHd
• Ok ixLHd .Kkl iudka ; r uOHkHh" ta j dfha
yd iïnkaO
.=fKda;a;r uOHkHhg jvd wvq fkdfõ hk m%fïhh
wiudk;dj,
úi÷ï fiùu i|yd
m%fïhh Ndú; i|yd ir, Ndú; 15
lrhs'
5' .eg¨ úi£u i|yd 5'1 kHdi weiqfrka úúO cHdñ;sl • oaúudk mßKduk ( W;a;drK ^talc yd talc fkdjk&
.Ks ; uh wdlD;s mßKduk úia;r lrhs' • talc mßKduk ( kHdihla u.ska ksrEmKh" .=K" wúp,l 15
jYfhka ksYapdhl ,laIH" wúp,l f¾Ld
iy kHdi yiqrejhs' • úúO wdldrfha mßKduk( N%uKh" mrdj¾;kh" W!kKh $
új¾Okh ^uQ, ,laIHh yryd hk ir, f¾Ldjla jgd isÿ
lrk mrdj¾;k muKla wfmalaId flf¾&'

5'2 kHdi weiqfrka ixhqla; by; mßKduk ;=fkka ckkh jk ixhql; a talc mßKduk
cHdñ;sl mßKduk úYaf,aIKh ^mßKduk ;=kla olajd ixfhdað; mßKduk muKla wfmalI
a d 10
lrhs' flf¾'&

10
 ld,Éfþo
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h .Kk
6' ÿIalr .eg¨ úi£u 6'1 "o uqjdj¾" m%fïhh Ndú;fhka • "o uqjdj¾" m%fïhh Ok ksÅ,uh o¾Yl i|yd idOkh yd
myiq lr .ekSu i|yd ;% s f lda K ñ;s l i¾jiduH yd fh§ï
ixlS¾K ixLHd iólrK ms<sn| .eg¨ úi|hs' 10
ms<n
s | oekqu Wmfhda.s
lr .kshs'
6'2 ixlS¾K úp,Hhka weiqfrka" • fok ,o i|yd
;,hla u; úp,kh jk jeks ixlS¾K ;,fha jQ m:
,laIHhl m:h újrKh lrhs' 10

7' úúO Y% s ; j, iS u d 7'1 úúO Y%s;j, iSud fidhhs' • ju;a iy ol=K;a iSud 03
ks¾Kh lrhs'
7'2 Y% s ; hl idka ; ;Hh újrKh • ika;;sl;dj ms<sn| cHdñ;sl woyi
lrhs' • ,laIHhl § Y%s;hl ika;;sl;dj 10
• jiula ;=< Y%s;hl ika;;sl;dj
• wika;;sl Y%s; ms<sn| WodyrK

s hl ,laIHhl § wjl,H;dj • Y%s;hla ,laIHhl § wjl,H ùu i|yd wksjd¾h yd m%udKj;a

8' Y%s;hl jHq;amkakh 8'1 Y%;
újrKh lrñka ú.%y lrhs' wjYH;d 10
.eg¨ úi|hs' • § we;s Y%s;hl úúO ,laIHj, § wjl,H;dj msßlaiSu

8'2 mrdñ;sl iólrK wjl,kh • mrdñ;sl iólrKj, wjl,kh

u.s k a " Y% s ; hl jHq ; a m ka k h • mrdñ;sl iólrKj, m%ia;dr
ks¾Kh lrhs' 10

8'3 .eg¨ úi£u i|yd jHq;amkakh • wjl,;dj" yereï ,laIH" ia:djr ,laIH iy tajd w;r 15
Ndú; lrhs' fjkialï

10
 ld,Éfþo
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h .Kk
• Wmßu iy wju
(i) m<uq jHq;amkakh muKla Ndú;fhka
(ii) m<uq iy fojeks jHq;amkak Ndú;fhka

• m<uq jHq;amkakh fkdmj;sk ,laIHj, § Wmßu iy wju

i,ld ne,Su'
• jl% wkqf¾Lkh ( iy wdldrfha
iólrK" LKavdlaIj,g iudka;r iam¾fYdakauqL muKla
wfma l a I d flf¾' ^wjl,;dj mÍla I d ls Í u wfma l a I d
fkdflf¾&
• mrdñ;sl jl% ( iy

iu.dó j Y=kH fkdjk wjia:d muKla wfmalaId flf¾ )

9' ks Y a Ñ ; wkq l ,h 9'1 ksYaÑ; wkql,h úia;r lrhs' • jl%hla hg j¾.M,h ms<sn| woyi 15
újrKh lrhs' • ftlHhl iSudjla f,i ika;;sl Y%s;hl wkql,h w¾:
oelaùu
• ksYaÑ; wkql,fha .=K

fuys ksh;hls'

11
 ld,Éfþo
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h .Kk

• m%;sjHq;amkakh iy ksYaÑ; wkql,h w;r iïnkaO;dj

a ; wkql, Ndú;fhka .eg¨ • jl%hla hg j¾.M,h

9'2 ksYÑ
úi|hs' • jl% folla w;r j¾.M,h 15
• mßN%uK >k jia;= ( jl%hla LKavdlaIj,g iudka;r wlaIhla
jgd mßN%uKfhka ,efnk >k jia;=j, mßud
• mßN%uK wlaIhg ,ïn ;Sre ie,lSfuka
• is,skavrdldr lfnd¨ ie,lSfuka

10' .eg¨ úi£u i|yd • ksõgka - /maika l%shdj,sh fhdod .ksñka ys o<
ikaksl¾IK m%úê úi÷ï
Ndú; lrhs' • uelaf,daßka fY%aKsh Ndú;h 06
• ;%emSidN yd isïika kS;s Ndú;fhka ixLHd;aul wkql,kh

11' wjl, iñlrK • ir, fN!;sl wjia:djka i|yd wjl, iólrK msysgqùu
újrKh lrhs' • wjl, iólrKhl .Kh iy ud;%h
15
• jl% l=,lhl wjl, iñlrKh
• m%,ïn jl% moaO;sfha wjl,k iólrKh
• m%,ïn mrdjl%
• cHdñ;sl újrKh

12
 ld,Éfþo
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h .Kk

12' O% e jl LKa v dxl • O%ejl LKavdxl hk iïuq;sh fhdod .; hq;= hs

iy tys fhÿï
újrKh lrhs' • ldáishdkq iy O%ejl LKavdxl w;r iïnkaOh 10
• O%ejl iólrKj, m%ia;dr

• O%ejl LKavdxl weiqfrka jD;a;hl idOdrK iólrKh

• O%ejl wdldrfhka fok ,o jl%hla u; ,laIHl § we¢
iam¾Ylfha iy wNs,ïnfha iólrK

13' fla ; = l újrKh 13'1 fla ; = l j, iïu; iólrK • iDcqfldaKdi% ldáishdkq LKavdxl u.ska mrdj,h" b,smaih"
lrhs' jHq;amkak lrhs' ) yd iDcqfldaKdi% nyqj,fha iïu; iólrK ,nd
nyqj,h 05
.ekSu'

13'2 fla;l= j, wNs,ïn" iam¾Yl iy • yd ùÔh fyda ;%sfldaKñ;sl Y%s; f,i mrdñ;sl
iam¾Y cHdhj, iólrK wdldrfhka m%ldY fldg we;s úg" by; fla;=lj, wNs,ïn"
jHq;amkak lrhs' iam¾Yl iy iam¾Y cHdhkays iólrK ,nd .ekSu' 20

13'3 fla;=l ms<sn| .eg¨ úi|hs' • ir, m: ms<sn| .eg¨ 20

• fjk;a ir, .eg¨

13
 ld,Éfþo
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h .Kk

14' cHdñ;s l m% ; s M , • ir, f¾Ldjl ffoYsl iólrKh

ffoYsl weiqfrka • cHdñ;sl fhÿï
újrKh lrhs' 05

15 ;%sfldaKñ;sl Y%s; • ftlH yd .=Ks; iQ;% wdY%s; ;%sfldaKñ;sl iólrKj, úi÷ï

yd iólrK • talc iy $ fyda j¾.c idOlj,g fjka l< yels"
újrKh lrhs'
fyda wvx.= ;%sfldaKñ;sl iólrK i|yd úi÷ï 15
• m%ldYkh wdldrfhka m%ldY
lsru
S
• wdldrfha iólrK úi£u
• m%;sf,dau ;%sfldaKñ;sl Y%s; wvx.= iólrK úi£u

14
 Wiia .Ks;h II

ld,Éfþo
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h .Kk
1' iu;= , s ; ;dj ú.% y 1'1 ffoYs l ùÔh fhdod .ks ñ ka • ffoYsl ùc .Ks;h ye¢kaùu" msysgqï ffoYsl
lrhs' .eg¨ úi|hs' 20
• wkqmd; m%fïhh iy ir, f¾Ldjl ffoYsl iólrKh
• ffoYslhl úfNaokh
• hk uQ,sl tall ffoYsl Ndú; fldg iDcqfldaKdi%
úfNaokh
• ÈYd fldaihsk
• ffoYsl foll wÈY .=Ks;h iy tys .=K
• ffoYsl foll ffoYsl .=Ks;h yd tys .=K
• ys talc iajd;a;;dfõ Ndú;

1'2 ;%sudk n, moaO;shl iajNdjh • n, moaO;s iïm%hqla;h iy iu;=,s;;dj

ú.%y lrhs' 20
• ^kshñ;& iqúfYaIS ,laIHhla jgd n,hl >Q¾Kh" ffoYsl
.=Ks;hla f,i
• n, moaO;shl ffoYsl ftlHh (
• kshñ; ,laIHhla jgd n, moaO;shl iïm%hqla; ffoYsl
>Q¾Kh (
• ;=,H n, moaO;s
• fok ,o n, moaO;shla kshñ; ,laIHhla jgd iïm%hl
q ;
a h
iy >Q¾Kh jk hq.auhla f;la W!Kkh ^n, iy
msysgqï ffoYsl weiqfrka&

15
 ld,Éfþo
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h
.Kk
• n, moaO;shl we;súh yels W!K;d iy wfmalaIs; wjYH;d
• iu;=,s;;dj
• ;ks hq.auh
• ;ks n,h
• hq.auhla iy tal;, fkdjk n,hla

1'3 øj f;rmqfuys iajNdjh meyeÈ,s • iu;, iy jl% mDIaG u; mSvk f;rmqu

lrhs'
10
1'4 øjiaÓ;sfha ixisoaëka wdlsñäia • wdlsñäia uQ,O¾uh
uQ,O¾uh weiqßka meyeÈ,s lrhs' • .s,ajk ,o jia;=jla u; we;s lrk Wvql=re f;rmqu .Kkh
10
i|yd tys Ndú;h" W;ama,djl;d flakaøh

1'5 mSvk flakaøh ms<sn| woyi yd • mSvk flakaøh w¾: oelaùu

Ndú;h w.hhs' • ir, wjia:d i|yd mSvk flakaø fiùu 15
2' p,s;h újrKh 2'1 .eg¨ úi£u i|yd ffoYs l • wÈYhla u; mrdh;a; ffoYsl
lrhs' l,kh Ndú; lrhs' • wÈYhla wkqnoaOfhka ffoYslhl wjl,kh 20
• ffoYslhl jHq;amkakfhys .=K
• wÈYhla wkqnoaOfhka ffoYslhl wkql,kh
• ksYaÑ; uQ, ,laIHhla jk O wkqnoaOfhka P wxY=jla
ms<sn| j" msysgqï ffoYslh " m%fõ. ffoYslh iy
;ajrK ffoYslh hk ixl,am'

16
 ld,Éfþo
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h .Kk

• ld,fhys ffoYsl Y%s; f,i iy hk

w¾: oelaùï
• hkak iy hk ldáishdkq LKavdxl"
O%ejl LKavdxl weiqßka § we;s wjia:dj o we;=¿ j"
m%fõ. iy ;ajrK ffoYsl fiùu yd újrKh'
• OP ys ^tkï" O jgd P ys& fldaKsl m%fõ.h iy fldaKsl
;ajrKh hk ixl,am
^fuu rdYs flfrys mj;akd ffoYsl iajNdjh wfmalaId
fkdlefrhs&
• wÍh iy ;S¾hla ÈYd.; fuka u ldáishdkq wlaI Tiafia jQ
m%fõ. iy ;ajrK ixrpl jHq;amkak lsÍu iy Ndú;h'
• m%laIsma;hl p,s;h ( wdldrfha

ffoYsl iQ;% Ndú;h iy

ke;fyd;a wÈY iólrK Ndú;h fm; i|yd ldáishdkq
iólrKh

2'2 wxY= moaO;shl p,s;h újrKh • iu. wdrïN fldg ,laIHj, §

lrhs' 20
wxY= moaO;shl ialkaO flakaøh G i|yd

ks¾jpkh'

17
 ld,Éfþo
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h .Kk
• G ys msysgqï ffoYslh (

fuys iy ksYaÑ; uQ,

,laIHh hs'

• G ys m%fõ. ffoYslh ( fuys

• G ys ;ajrK ffoYslh

= fuys =

• moaO;sfhys f¾Çh p,s;h i|yd iQ;% Ndú;h(

fuys ksõgka kshu Ndú; fõ'

tkï" ndysr n,j, ffoYsl ftlHh
} f¾Çh .uH;dj fjkia ùfï iS>%;dj
} uq¿ ialkaOh ys ;ajrKh
• f¾Çh .uH;d ixiaÓ;sh ms<sn| uQ,O¾uh( úg
• uq¿ pd,l Yla;sh m%fõ.fhka p,kh jk M wxY=fõ
pd,l Yla;sh +G g idfmalaI p,s;fhys pd,l Yla;sh'

2'3 wdfõ.S l%shd újrKh lrhs' • iqug f.da, w;r we, .egqï 15
• iqug f.da,hla iqug oDV ;,hl .egqu

18
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo
.Kk
• ieye,a¨ ^¨yq& wú;kH ;ka;=j, wdfõ. wd;;s we;=<;a .eg¨
úi£u'
• wdfõ.S l%h
s d fya;= fldg f.k we;s jk pd,l Yla;s úm¾hdih

i|yd iQ;%h Ndú;h'

2'4 n,hl cjh újrKh lrhs' • ksh; n,hlska flfrk ld¾hh wÈY .=Ks;hla f,i
15
• jia;=jl pd,l Yla;sh ms<sn| ixl,amh
• ld¾hh iy pd,l Yla;sh w;r iïnkaOh(
• ixiaÓ;sl lafIa;%hla ;=< jia;=jl úNj Yla;sh'
• hdka;%sl Yla;sh } pd,l Yla;sh + úNj Yla;sh
• fhda.H wjia:dj, fh¥ úg jia;= moaO;shl hdka;% Yla;s
ixiaÓ;sh ms<sn| uQ,O¾uh

2'5 úp,H n, hgf;a ir, f¾Çh • ;ajrKh i|yd iqÿiq mßÈ fyda fyda
p,s;h újrKh lrhs' 15

fhdod .ekSu iy m%fõ.h i|yd fhdod .ekSu'

• ld,h " úia:dmkh fyda fõ.h ys Y%s;hla f,i fokq

,nk úp,H n,hl l%shdj hgf;a jia;=jl f¾Çh p,s;h
wdlD;slrKh l< yels wdldrfha .eg¨ úi£u i|yd ksõgkaf.a
fojeks kshuh Ndú;h'
• g fyda g iudkqmd;sl m%;f s rdaOhlg hg;a j" .=re;ajh
hgf;a isria p,s;h ms<n
s | iqÿiq wjl, iólrK ^m<uq .Kh&
f.dv ke.Su iy úi£u'

19
 ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo
.Kk
2'6 N%uK p,s;h újrKh lrhs' • fldaKsl .uH;dj iy ta yd iïnkaO kshu
• wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh 15
• wjiaÓ;s >Q¾K ms<sn| ,ïn - wlaI m%fïhh yd iudka;r
wlaI m%fïhh
• wjiaÓ;s >Q¾K .Kkh lsÍu
• N%uK pd,l Yla;sh iy Yla;s ixiaÓ;sh
• >Q¾K iólrKh (
jgd ndysr n,j, >Q¾Kj, ftlHh
yryd ;,hg ,ïn wlaIh jgd wjia:s;s >Q¾Kh
tu wlaIh jgd fldaKsl ;ajrKh

2'7 oaúudk p,s;h újrKh lrhs' • f¾Çh .uH;d uQ,O¾uh iy tys ixiaÓ;sh 20
• fldaKsl .uH;d uQ,O¾uh iy tys ixiaÓ;sh
• ixhqla; wj,ïnh
• wdfõ.S M,h

3' iïNdú;d wdlD;s 3'1 úúla ; iïNdú;d úp,Hhl • iiïNdù mÍlaIKhl úúla; iiïNdù úp,H
weiq ß ka iiïNdù yeisÍu úúla; iïNdú;d jHdma;s • X ys iïNdú;d Y%s;h iy tys .=K
úp,Hhl yeis Í u wdlD;sh u.ska wkqf¾Lkh lrhs' • jHdma;sfhys ^wfmalaIKh& wefjlaiqu E(X) iy úp,;dj 20
ks¾Kh lrhs' Var(X) ks¾jpkh" .Kkh yd Ndú;h'
•
hk m%;sM, idOkh iy fh§ï

20
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo
.Kk
• X yd ´kEu iiïNdù úp,H folla i|yd
hk iQ;%fha fh§ï
• X yd iajdh;a; iiïNdù úp,H folla i|yd
hk iQ;%fha fh§ï
• iuqÉÑ; jHdma;s Y%s;h iy tys Ndú;h

3'2 úfYaI úúla; iïNdú;d jHdma;s • úúla; taldldr jHdma;sh'

y÷kd f.k fhda.H mßÈ Ndú;
• wefjiqu E(X &" úp,;dj .Kkh iy Ndú;h
lrhs' 40
• oaúmo jHdma;sh (

• uOHkHh iy úp,;dj i|yd iQ;% jk iy

idOkh iy Ndú;h'
• oaúmo jHdma;sh u.ska fok ,o wjia:d wdlD;SlrKh iy
iïNdú;d .Kkh'
• .=fKda;a;r jHdma;sh(
fuys

• iy hk iQ;% idOkh iy Ndú;h'

• fuu jHdma;sh u.ska fok ,o wjia:d wdlD;SlrKh iy

iïNdú;d .Kkh'

21
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo
.Kk

• mqjhsfidaka jHdma;sh

hk iQ;% idOkh iy Ndú;h

• mqjhsfidka jHdma;sfha fh§ï
• oaúmo jHdma;shg ikaksl¾IKhla f,i'

3'3 ika;;sl iïNdú;d úp,H;d • ika;;sl iiïNdù úp,H iy ix>á; iïNdú;d >k;aj
yeis Í u" ika ; ;s l iïNdú;d Y%;
s h'
jHdma;s wdlD;sh u.ska wdo¾Ykh • iïNdú; >k;aj Y%s;fhys .=K
lrhs' 10
• my; oelafjk m%;sM, .Kkh lsÍu iy Ndú;h
• iy
•
•

3'4 úfYa I ika ; ;s l iïNdú;d • ika;;sl taldldr jHdma;sh"

jHdma;s y÷kd f.k fhda.H mßÈ
Ndú; lrhs' • iïNdú;d >k;aj Y%s;h 40

22
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo
.Kk

• wefjlaiqu ( yd úp,;dj

idOkh iy Ndú;h

• >d;Sh jHdma;sh
i|yd

• iy hk iQ;% idOkh iy
Ndú;h
• fok ,o wjia:djla i|yd wdlD;shla f,i >d;Sh jHdma;h
s
Ndú;h'
• iuqÉÑ; jHdma;s Y%s;h
• m%u; jHdma;sh

• iy hk iQ;% idOkh iy Ndú;h

• m%u; jHdma;sfha .=K
• iïu; m%u; jHdma;sh
• oaúmo jHdma;h
s g ikakl
s ¾IKhla f,i m%u; jHdma;h
s Ndú;h
• idka;;H fYdaOkh

23
 4'0 bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%fudamdhhka

fuu jev ud,dfjka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk m%;sM,h ,nd .ekSfï ld¾hh myiq lsÍu i|yd isiqkg b.ekaùfï úúO Wml%u fhdÞ .; hq;=
h' isiqkg Tjqkaf.a .‚;uh úkejqu jeä ÈhqKq lr .ekSug kï" WodyrKhla f,i Tjqkg" újrK" úi÷ï" fya;= ±laùï wdÈh ms<sn| j
wfkla isiqka iuÕ iy .=reNj;=ka iu. idlÉPd lsÍug wjia:d ;sìh hq;= h' tfia u Tjqkaf.a woyia yqjudre lr .ekSu ,sÅ; fohg
muKla iSud fkdfldg jdÑl j o rEm igyka Ndú;fhka o ixLHd;aul j o ixfla; iy jpk wdY%s; m%ldY u.ska o bÈßm;a lsÍug
Wkkaÿ lrúh hq;= h'

isiqyq l%u iuQyhlska bf.kqu ,n;s' m%Odk jYfhka Y%jH" oDYH iy p, úkaol weiqfrka bf.kSu ,nk Tjqyq we;eï úg bkaøsh lsysmhla
u tA i|yd fhdÞ .ks;s' bf.kSfï wdldr mrdih úúO idOl u; kuH njg m;a fõ' tA ksid iqÿiq u b.ekaùfï Wml%u f;dard .ekSfï
§ tA tl tl ms<sn| j úuis,su;a úh hq;= h' isiqka .‚;h bf.k .kakd wdldr u; Tjqkaf.a ixialD;sl yd iudchSh miqìu w¾:j;a
n,mEula lrk nj m¾fhaIKj, o fmkS f.dia ;sfí' fuu fjkialï y÷kd f.k" ish¨ u isiqkg ;udf.a .‚; ±kqu iy yelshd
j¾Okh lr .ekSug iudk wjia:d ,efnk whqre b.ekaùfï Wml%u fhdÞ .; hq;= h'

mka;shlg iuia;hla f,i b.ekaùfï § f,dl= lKavdhula ;=< bf.kSu isÿúh yels w;r" l=vd lKavdhï isák wjia:dj, isiqka
tlsfkld w;r wfkHdakH f,i yqjudre lr .; yels h' tfia u ;ks ;ks j fyda .=rejrhd iuÕ fyda woyia yqjudre lr .; yels h'
fï iEu l%shd ms<sfj<la u .‚; mka;s ldurh ;=< mej;sh yels h'

24
 5'0 mdi,a m%;sm;a;s iy jevigyka

isiqkg wkql+, f,i yd w¾:dkaú; f,i .Ks;h bf.k .ekSug kï oekqu iy l=i,;d muKla j¾Okh jk wdldrhg mka;s ldur
jevigyka mokï úh hq;= fkd fõ' úkejqu ine¢hd" ;¾lkh iy .eg¨ úi£u wd§ lafIa;%j,ska o tajd fmdaIKh úh hq;= fõ' fuys
w.g i|yka l< wruqKq y;r ;=<ska <uhskaf.a Ñka;kh;a p¾hd l%shdj,sh;a iqrlaIs; j j¾Okh jkq we;'

fï i|yd idudkH mka;s ldur b.ekaùug wu;r j my; i|yka flfrk úIhdkqnoaO l%shdldrlï ;=<ska iEu YsIHdg u bf.kSfï
l%shdj,shg iïnkaO ùug bv ie,fikq we;'

isiq wOHhk lj
.Ks; iudc
.Ks; l|jqre
;r. ^foaYSh yd úfoaYSh&
mqia;ld, Ndú;h
mka;s ldur ì;a;s mqj;am;a
.Ks;d.dr
ld¾h ldur
.Ks; b;sydifha o;a; /ia lsÍu
nyq udOH Ndú;h
jHdmD;s

,nd .; yels myiqlï fhdod .ksñka by; i|yka l%shdldrlï ixúOdkh lsÍu .Ks; .=rejrhdf.a j.lSu h' tfia u tu l%shdldrlï
ixúOdk lsÍfï § isiqkg iy .=rejrhdg wod< fjk;a wdh;k yd mqoa.,hkaf.a Wmldrh o ,nd .; yels h'

25
úêu;a miqìula iys; j fuu l%shdldrlï ixúOdk lsÍu i|yd tla tla mdi, u.ska úlikh lr .kakd ;u mdi,a m%;sm;a;sj, fldgila
fuh jkafka h' .Ks;h i|yd fuu m%;sm;a;s úlikh lr .ekSfï § mdif,a fN!;sl mßirh yd jgmsgdj" ms<sn| j;a mdi,a isiqkaf.a
iy mdi, wjg m%cdjf.a wjYH;d iy Ñka;k ms<sn| j;a mdi,g iïm;a ,nd .; yels wdh;k iy fiajd ,nd .; yels iïm;a mqoa.,hska
ms<sn| j;a i,ld ne,sh hq;= h'

mdif,a m%;sm;a;s ksIagd <`.d lr .ekSu i|yd úúO l%shdldrlï we;=<;a jd¾Isl jevigyka mdi, úiska ixúOdk lr .; hq;= h' kshñ;
jirla i|yd l< hq;= jevigyka ;SrKh lsßfï § m%uqL;ajh ms<sn| j;a idOH;dj ms<sn| j;a iïm;a ixfrdaOl ms<sn| j;a úuis,su;a úh
hq;= h' flfia fj;;a úúO isiqkaf.a we,au iy wNsfhda.H;d j¾Ok lsÍu i|yd iu;a jk wdldrfha l%shdldrlï fm<la ixúOdk lsßug
mdi,g yels jkjd we;'

26
 6'0 ;lafiare yd we.hSu

mdi, mokï lr.;a we.hSï jevms<sfj< hgf;a tla tla jdrh i|yd kshñ; ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgï wdjrKh jk mßÈ bf.kqï
- b.ekaùï we.hSï WmlrK ks¾udKd;aulj ms<sfh, fldg l%shd;aul lsÍu wfmalaIs; h'

13 jk fY%aKsh wjidkfha § cd;sl uÜgfï we.hSu jk w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& úNd.h i|yd fuu úIh ks¾foaYh ks¾foaYs; h'

fuu úIh ks¾foaYh mokï lrf.k Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk cd;sl uÜgfï úNd.h m<uq jrg 2011
j¾Ifha § meje;afõ'

fuu úNd.fha m%Yak m;%j, wdlD;sh yd iajNdjh ms<sn| wjYH úia;r úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska iemfhkq we;'

27
 wxlkh
my; oelafjk .Ks;uh wxlk Ndú; lrkq ,efí'

1' l=,l wxlkh

wjhjhla fjhs
wjhjhla fkd fjhs
wjhj iys; l=,lh
... jk mßÈ ish¨ u l=,lh
A l=,lfhys wjhj ixLHdj
wNsY=kH l=,lh $ ysia l=,lh
i¾j;% l=,lh
A/ A l=,lfhys wkqmQrlh
Ok ksÅ, l=,lh iy Y=kHh {0, 1, 2, 3, ...}
ksÅ, l=,lh
Ok ksÅ, l=,lh {1, 2, 3, . . . }
mßfïh ixLHd l=,lh
Ok mßfïh ixLHd l=,lh

Ok mßfïh ixLHd l=,lh iy Y=kHh

;d;a;aúl ixLHd l=,lh

Ok ;d;a;aúl ixLHd l=,lh

Ok ;d;a;aúl ixLHd l=,lh iy Y=kHh

28
 ;d;a;aúl hqKq
ixlS¾K ixLHd l=,lh
ys Wml=,lhla
ys kshu Wml=,lhls
ys Wml=,lhla fkdfõ
ys kshu Wml=,lhla fkdfõ
fï,h
fþokh
[a,b] ixjD; m%dka;rh

(a,b] m%dka;rh

[a, b) m%dka;rh

(a, b) újD; m%dka;rh

R ; iïnkaOfhka" hkak g iïnkaO fjhs
;=,H fõ g" we;eï ;=,H;d iïnkaO i|yd

2' ñY% ixfla;

= iu
fkdiu
i¾jiu fõ fyda wx.iu fõ fyda
wdikak jYfhka iudk fõ
iudkqmd;sl
wvq

29
 wvq fyda iu
fkdjeä
jeä
jeä fyda iu
fkdwvq
wkka;h
fkdfjhs
y`.jhs $ye`.efjhs ( ;=,H )
fyda fyda
yd
ixLHd f¾Ldj u; újD; m%dka;rh
ixLHd f¾Ldj u; ixjD; m%dka;rh

3' .Ks; l¾u

Ok
iDK
jrla
wkq wkqmd;h

;d;a;aúl ixLHdfjys Ok j¾.uQ,h

;d;a;aúl ixLHdfjys udmdxlh

l%udfrdams;

30
 hk oaúmo ix.=Klh

jrlg ne.ska øjH .ekSfï ixlrKh

jrlg ne.ska øjH .ekSfï ixfhdackh

4' Y%s;

Y%s;h
ys § Y%s;fha w.h
:A B A l=,lfha tla tla wjhjh i|yd B l=,lfha m%;sìïnhla mj;akd Y%s;h
Y%s;h" wjhjh wjhjhg wkqrEmKh lrhs
Y%s;fha m%;sf,dauh
hkafkka w¾: oelafjk yd ys ixhq; Y%s;h

lrd t<efUk úg ys iSudj

ys jDoaêhla

úIhfhka ys jHq;amkakh

úIhfhka ys jk jHq;amkakh

31
 úIhfhka ys m<uqjeks" fojeks"'''' jeks jHq;amkak

úIhfhka ys wksYaÑ; wkql,h

úIhfhka ys ksYaÑ; wkql,h" ys yd w.hka w;r ^ ys yd w.hka w;r úIhfhka

ys ksYaÑ; wkql,h&

ld,h úIhfhka m<uqjeks" fojeks" ''''' jHq;amkak

úl,am f,i fuhska tlla f;dard .; hq;= hs'

5' >d;Sh iy ,>q.Kl Y%s;

m%lD;s ,>q.Klj, mdoh

ys >d;Sh Y%s;h
mdohg ys ,>q.Klh
m%lD;s ,>q.Klh
10 mdohg ys ,>q.Klh

6' jD;a; Y%s;

jD;a; Y%s;

m%;sf,dau jD;a; Y%s;

32
7' ixlS¾K
i -1 ys j¾.uQ,h

Z ixlS¾K ixLHdjla
}
Re Z Z ys ;d;a;aúl fldgi
Im Z Z ys ;d;a;aúl fldgi,

Z ys udmdxl

arg Z Z ys úia;drh

Arg Z Z ys m%Odk úia;drh;

Z-1 Z ys ixlS¾K m%;snoaOh

8' kHdi

M M kHdihla
M-1 M iup;=ri% kHdifha m%;sf,dauh
MT M kHdifha fmr¿u
det M M iup;=ri% kHdifha ksYapdhlh

33
9' ffoYsl
ffoYslh
AB ÈIag f¾Ld LKavh u.ska úYd,;ajh yd ÈYdj ksrEmKh lrk ffoYslh
ffoYslfha ÈYdj we;s tall ffoYslh
ldáishdkq LKavdxl wlaIj, ÈYdjlg we;s tall ffoYsl
ys úYd,;ajh
AB ys úYd,;ajh
iy ys wÈY .=Ks;h
iy ys ffoYsl .=Ks;h
iy ys wÈY ;%s;aj .=Ks;h;

10' iïNdú;dj iy ixLHdkh

A , B, C wdÈh isoaê
A iy B isoaêj, fï,h
A iy B isoaêj, fþokh
P(A) A isoaêfhys iïNdú;dj
A/ A isoaêfhys wkqmQrlh" A fkd fjhs hk isoaêh
B isoaêh § we;s úg A isoaêfhys iïNdú;dj
iiïNdú úp,H
wdÈ iiïNdù úp,Hj, w.hhka

34
 ksÍlaIK ^ksßlaiqï&
f1, f2 , . . . ksÍlaIK we;s ùfï ixLHd;
úúla; iiïNdù úp,Hh jk ys iïNdú;d Y%s;h jk ys w.h
úúla; iiïNdù úp,Hh jk ys hk w.hj, iïNdú;d
ika;; iiïNdù úp,Hh jk ys iïNdú;d >k;aj Y%s;fha w.h

iiïNdù ^wyUq& úp,H jk ys ^iuqÉÑ;& jHdma;s Y%s;h jk ys w.h

iiïNdù ^wyUq& úp,H jk ys wefjlaiqu

ys wefjlaiqu

iiïNdù ^wyUq& úp,Hh jk ys úp,;dj

ksÅ, w.hka .kakd iiïNdù ^wyUq& úp,Hhla i|yd iïNdú; ckk Y%s;fha w.h
oaúmo jHdma;sh" iy mrdñ;s

m%u; jHdma;sh" uOHkHh iy úp,;dj

ck.yk uOHkHh
ck.yk úp,;dj
ck.yk iïu; wm.ukh
ksheÈ uOHkHh

ksheÈhlska jk ck.yk úp,;dfjys wkNsk; ^fkd.eUqre& ksudkh

jHdma;sh iys;" m%udKSlD; m%u; úp,Hh ms<sn| iïNdú;d >k;aj Y%s;h

35